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2008-11-02 01:02:11 来自: lightpie(上次登录还是1.5年前.....) % _: S" g7 w3 w1 m" z. F1 M
比尔·盖茨在哈佛大学毕业典礼上的演讲 * p# k5 B) p- N( m# E
( C7 V6 M1 h) \+ e2007年6月7日 " i/ L1 ?' ~; B# d/ g+ y4 n$ ]
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阮一峰 译
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& t7 |2 c! J7 } D& {1 N& TPresident Bok, former President Rudenstine, incoming President Faust, members
. e% W8 P; T( E+ t4 X# e' R: gof the Harvard Corporation and the Board of Overseers, members of the faculty,
9 Z. q8 J1 O$ b$ Tparents, and especially, the graduates: 5 I7 T: D/ T+ H/ o" o
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尊敬的Bok校长,Rudenstine前校长,即将上任的Faust校长,哈佛集团的各位成员,监管 6 g/ j7 x( k# l% K5 e$ ~
理事会的各位理事,各位老师,各位家长,各位同学: ' q4 K6 l) U3 Q9 u& w9 Y- B, C
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I've been waiting more than 30 years to say this: "Dad, I always told you I'd % ^7 m( [' l$ j! E9 r- a$ g5 l8 ~/ J
come back and get my degree." + ~5 v) F% R F a: s
) T2 M0 i" K+ |有一句话我等了三十年,现在终于可以说了:“老爸,我总是跟你说,我会回来拿到我的 5 Y/ F; C& x# H( u7 D
学位的!”
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I want to thank Harvard for this timely honor. I'll be changing my job next ye
5 P5 ^2 }* w& A: x- C, a% Qar … and it will be nice to finally have a college degree on my resume.
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5 V9 g) P6 N3 W2 k# c我要感谢哈佛大学在这个时候给我这个荣誉。明年,我就要换工作了(注:指从微软公司
) Q; b4 e. }; ^2 \& R ~退休)……我终于可以在简历上写我有一个本科学位,这真是不错啊。
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& U. s4 i$ n7 F3 g. qI applaud the graduates today for taking a much more direct route to your degr
- J: E+ p' D, l# u6 Sees. For my part, I'm just happy that the Crimson has called me "Harvard's mos
; U6 r8 J$ m0 v. @& bt successful dropout." I guess that makes me valedictorian of my own special c
( e' ~9 w/ d: e8 Qlass … I did the best of everyone who failed.
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我为今天在座的各位同学感到高兴,你们拿到学位可比我简单多了。哈佛的校报称我是“ 5 A3 B" A8 r) b# @& p, m, A+ Y0 b
哈佛大学历史上最成功的辍学生”。我想这大概使我有资格代表我这一类学生发言……在
+ H" r" U1 w# q2 m- J( @所有的失败者里,我做得最好。 7 B$ `" R# a, F+ a" Y
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But I also want to be recognized as the guy who got Steve Ballmer to drop out
& r* T' f( H" N( }( |! |) Y6 Mof business school. I'm a bad influence. That's why I was invited to speak at t+ k0 \3 `/ C2 l
your graduation. If I had spoken at your orientation, fewer of you might be he + V- ^' D) J$ Y( f
re today. 0 }# N( Q% s* t$ s8 @
5 J3 K2 U$ l1 b7 h8 I" V但是,我还要提醒大家,我使得Steve Ballmer(注:微软总经理)也从哈佛商学院退学了 - l; r% J m1 J- X
。因此,我是个有着恶劣影响力的人。这就是为什么我被邀请来在你们的毕业典礼上演讲 & u" O1 t Z& E, v: i) l( m5 B
。如果我在你们入学欢迎仪式上演讲,那么能够坚持到今天在这里毕业的人也许会少得多 4 \+ e* u+ D) _, Z+ {
吧。 9 F1 F! Q' f. D7 J
* P$ m& w3 M$ r, I1 T% ~Harvard was just a phenomenal experience for me. Academic life was fascinating 0 l9 [- H4 Z1 P9 x4 z% {
. I used to sit in on lots of classes I hadn't even signed up for. And dorm li
+ E1 R# q. j) {fe was terrific. I lived up at Radcliffe, in Currier House. There were always $ x6 h: ~1 G/ Z
lots of people in my dorm room late at night discussing things, because everyo
% C# E" j. D9 K- e6 ?4 rne knew I didn't worry about getting up in the morning. That's how I came to b
: g4 B, W* r9 E6 Ye the leader of the anti-social group. We clung to each other as a way of vali
2 k: O5 w5 m9 _/ _* }: x- l" ^dating our rejection of all those social people. & N. X. l% T* q( i8 i
. [$ G0 }) V+ c, e对我来说,哈佛的求学经历是一段非凡的经历。校园生活很有趣,我常去旁听我没选修的
4 _& v) W( @: g" |/ p# l8 x- j课。哈佛的课外生活也很棒,我在Radcliffe过着逍遥自在的日子。每天我的寝室里总有很 + K! y3 t$ R8 d6 ]/ w. n5 O. v
多人一直待到半夜,讨论着各种事情。因为每个人都知道我从不考虑第二天早起。这使得
2 B0 x( k# U& g我变成了校园里那些不安分学生的头头,我们互相粘在一起,做出一种拒绝所有正常学生
' _) @$ {# L! b; @的姿态。 7 P! l4 Y: ^6 a4 o, g
- A0 K6 k( @3 h8 L, Q b! C: URadcliffe was a great place to live. There were more women up there, and most ( S7 M+ W6 t( M2 B( c& g J3 F
of the guys were science-math types. That combination offered me the best odds
/ B- G, D* z( k8 T& S+ C$ I- P/ C \2 ~, if you know what I mean. This is where I learned the sad lesson that improvi % X, c; ]# {* \6 J1 O$ }
ng your odds doesn't guarantee success.
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- l7 o# l, f7 k! }- m7 J% n/ _4 k3 eRadcliffe是个过日子的好地方。那里的女生比男生多,而且大多数男生都是理工科的。这 : [8 ?, ?) ~3 e& M( {
种状况为我创造了最好的机会,如果你们明白我的意思。可惜的是,我正是在这里学到了 ' `8 T4 @$ Q& J$ s
人生中悲伤的一课:机会大,并不等于你就会成功。
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One of my biggest memories of Harvard came in January 1975, when I made a call % m9 u, [- Y# \: e4 |
from Currier House to a company in Albuquerque that had begun making the worl : y, k, @0 J, X; k: }, H' Q: Y
d's first personal computers. I offered to sell them software.
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我在哈佛最难忘的回忆之一,发生在1975年1月。那时,我从宿舍楼里给位于Albuquerque
/ L0 {3 _7 i3 |' U, X8 G) q: S! @的一家公司打了一个电话,那家公司已经在着手制造世界上第一台个人电脑。我提出想向
8 b; m" ~4 y1 T他们出售软件。 ( U- S0 A5 |0 K9 Y$ X
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I worried that they would realize I was just a student in a dorm and hang up o 6 Q) U8 ^" t+ i' d; j2 b
n me. Instead they said: "We're not quite ready, come see us in a month," whic , c1 R: _. j) a
h was a good thing, because we hadn't written the software yet. From that mome % S r D4 S7 c3 R* o; p
nt, I worked day and night on this little extra credit project that marked the
2 v& A2 L2 }& \4 m! M4 L D: qend of my college education and the beginning of a remarkable journey with Mi
: T; e* I3 ^3 @, I# t; q# B. h: zcrosoft. 2 D5 p: v0 d7 L
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我很担心,他们会发觉我是一个住在宿舍的学生,从而挂断电话。但是他们却说:“我们 * j7 G) Z: i" J9 E
还没准备好,一个月后你再来找我们吧。”这是个好消息,因为那时软件还根本没有写出
! A- c) M% {5 d来呢。就是从那个时候起,我日以继夜地在这个小小的课外项目上工作,这导致了我学生
_: ~* |* `( T2 e生活的结束,以及通往微软公司的不平凡的旅程的开始。
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; L2 y& E1 I" q3 hWhat I remember above all about Harvard was being in the midst of so much ener
5 p. F( q3 S6 u* R% Fgy and intelligence. It could be exhilarating, intimidating, sometimes even di . e5 w: y0 v1 L+ m9 Z- R* i3 e0 e
scouraging, but always challenging. It was an amazing privilege – and though 3 L) t! w3 ]7 D6 E& Y
I left early, I was transformed by my years at Harvard, the friendships I made , E, y# B* n5 s6 O: d8 y
, and the ideas I worked on.
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不管怎样,我对哈佛的回忆主要都与充沛的精力和智力活动有关。哈佛的生活令人愉快,
+ I% Y9 {; l9 u4 ?7 F也令人感到有压力,有时甚至会感到泄气,但永远充满了挑战性。生活在哈佛是一种吸引
# C. a _- Q5 x4 g g人的特殊待遇……虽然我离开得比较早,但是我在这里的经历、在这里结识的朋友、在这 / v. A3 J+ M/ o: M$ j
里发展起来的一些想法,永远地改变了我。 ' F% ^ P0 n) ^9 w( \
2 G9 Y& c" y3 |8 l4 w+ T; v* dBut taking a serious look back … I do have one big regret. 0 X/ Z- X$ t( p2 J2 S3 S8 Q
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但是,如果现在严肃地回忆起来,我确实有一个真正的遗憾。 1 I7 K1 X6 ]# H/ }: N7 c
6 t' z. F% S) I8 D9 ^: {I left Harvard with no real awareness of the awful inequities in the world –
& o4 u# T. K8 U6 X) Uthe appalling disparities of health, and wealth, and opportunity that condemn
: J# l; a* F, \) `8 @: `millions of people to lives of despair. # r% _# g+ |1 L- D1 y- _% f
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我离开哈佛的时候,根本没有意识到这个世界是多么的不平等。人类在健康、财富和机遇
5 V# w& d4 z! o( h4 r上的不平等大得可怕,它们使得无数的人们被迫生活在绝望之中。
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I learned a lot here at Harvard about new ideas in economics and politics. I g 8 @! S8 A5 e6 E; P
ot great exposure to the advances being made in the sciences.
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我在哈佛学到了很多经济学和政治学的新思想。我也了解了很多科学上的新进展。
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But humanity's greatest advances are not in its discoveries – but in how thos
6 i0 n {$ o+ a4 i9 ce discoveries are applied to reduce inequity. Whether through democracy, stron
6 s9 \ R$ T7 X4 r* I4 q8 M4 ag public education, quality health care, or broad economic opportunity – redu
1 e& m* I* n7 ^: }+ x! ccing inequity is the highest human achievement.
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# d; o0 h3 p+ u% q! `) R7 s但是,人类最大的进步并不来自于这些发现,而是来自于那些有助于减少人类不平等的发 6 r5 ?2 F9 }0 O3 J2 l. ^/ l
现。不管通过何种手段——民主制度、健全的公共教育体系、高质量的医疗保健、还是广
* Q2 n) m v' C$ ~9 p泛的经济机会——减少不平等始终是人类最大的成就。 3 |" k2 x; M; ]2 D* @
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I left campus knowing little about the millions of young people cheated out of ; N, Z$ }& E2 N; D5 T5 b# d7 J
educational opportunities here in this country. And I knew nothing about the
" t6 O% A& s# ^3 bmillions of people living in unspeakable poverty and disease in developing cou 6 u/ B4 \% Y' }
ntries.
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- m4 T, B: v* m7 z我离开校园的时候,根本不知道在这个国家里,有几百万的年轻人无法获得接受教育的机
. k5 d/ l' x- N3 B1 u. y会。我也不知道,发展中国家里有无数的人们生活在无法形容的贫穷和疾病之中。 4 Q; z$ ^3 c: m- O! ^
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It took me decades to find out. 5 v& W+ r- Z' ^8 s* m- _
- X3 e, z& R3 d% ]; I& l- E我花了几十年才明白了这些事情。
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, z/ t' J# s5 p" m1 ]% RYou graduates came to Harvard at a different time. You know more about the wor . R$ \7 R r9 T
ld's inequities than the classes that came before. In your years here, I hope & l+ p# ~8 E5 I7 s7 J( @0 v7 Z; [. [0 O( I
you've had a chance to think about how – in this age of accelerating technolo 3 u, A9 `2 b- n+ A) O/ d9 i
gy – we can finally take on these inequities, and we can solve them.
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在座的各位同学,你们是在与我不同的时代来到哈佛的。你们比以前的学生,更多地了解 ' M' c7 T, S* N' Q" ?
世界是怎样的不平等。在你们的哈佛求学过程中,我希望你们已经思考过一个问题,那就
7 {) h* N6 F4 k0 `2 I) Y! _是在这个新技术加速发展的时代,我们怎样最终应对这种不平等,以及我们怎样来解决这
" U1 e" d! ~4 {- d; N% b个问题。
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Imagine, just for the sake of discussion, that you had a few hours a week and : s" `" j$ U; M/ |# P! g: W
a few dollars a month to donate to a cause – and you wanted to spend that tim
_3 M3 S( i/ re and money where it would have the greatest impact in saving and improving li 6 ^ W$ U, o; X" m' ]
ves. Where would you spend it? $ _. v/ @8 a" H. Y6 v
3 ]1 `( t% y% _. I6 M为了讨论的方便,请想象一下,假如你每个星期可以捐献一些时间、每个月可以捐献一些 ' m! ^+ f4 T) {7 x1 e9 B" h
钱——你希望这些时间和金钱,可以用到对拯救生命和改善人类生活有最大作用的地方。
2 n) ` R6 M6 Z p: l你会选择什么地方? 3 ^, E9 G6 W% x7 q1 p! i
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For Melinda and for me, the challenge is the same: how can we do the most good
/ Z0 `* A2 q( p8 ]$ q& ufor the greatest number with the resources we have. - ~ y7 A7 _) K3 d
; {& U& k; P/ m; M4 Q对Melinda(注:盖茨的妻子)和我来说,这也是我们面临的问题:我们如何能将我们拥有 ! x8 i+ t4 S% V9 `6 b2 m
的资源发挥出最大的作用。
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During our discussions on this question, Melinda and I read an article about t
1 k' A, y+ h3 W) F# D/ p6 `% Mhe millions of children who were dying every year in poor countries from disea 2 l. c+ ]: y6 ^8 F' ^# t
ses that we had long ago made harmless in this country. Measles, malaria, pneu 3 l' S4 _" `6 `% o- [# _$ _" P0 [
monia, hepatitis B, yellow fever. One disease I had never even heard of, rotav
4 z% ^2 ?1 I1 X* [irus, was killing half a million kids each year – none of them in the United ) I4 o( J( _4 |9 ^. o
States.
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1 E2 h4 Y$ b+ C* \! x4 s在讨论过程中,Melinda和我读到了一篇文章,里面说在那些贫穷的国家,每年有数百万的
+ }# t2 O: d2 W* \! r* U儿童死于那些在美国早已不成问题的疾病。麻疹、疟疾、肺炎、乙型肝炎、黄热病、还有
! N6 ~. I+ C) U/ k一种以前我从未听说过的轮状病毒,这些疾病每年导致50万儿童死亡,但是在美国一例死 5 v+ W' ~ i$ e! G
亡病例也没有。
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We were shocked. We had just assumed that if millions of children were dying a ; w: t7 x0 g7 D6 o M
nd they could be saved, the world would make it a priority to discover and del
, y+ \2 g, _2 D: `iver the medicines to save them. But it did not. For under a dollar, there wer
7 g* {) h# B* E8 je interventions that could save lives that just weren't being delivered.
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- w- I H. l$ ^% I2 R g我们被震惊了。我们想,如果几百万儿童正在死亡线上挣扎,而且他们是可以被挽救的, / K$ A! Y n( r+ M; p1 V
那么世界理应将用药物拯救他们作为头等大事。但是事实并非如此。那些价格还不到一美
% M# P/ L* m* l% n# g元的救命的药剂,并没有送到他们的手中。 9 K$ _, g/ |- s. Y
V2 M { z8 i6 D& WIf you believe that every life has equal value, it's revolting to learn that s
3 G' ?6 c! C1 B% S5 P9 Some lives are seen as worth saving and others are not. We said to ourselves: "
- s0 ^- w0 {8 G5 sThis can't be true. But if it is true, it deserves to be the priority of our g - y6 {3 H$ ~; V: g
iving." ! }- D. C7 S$ w' _
& @2 x$ Y3 {; y0 ]3 \+ X4 @如果你相信每个生命都是平等的,那么当你发现某些生命被挽救了,而另一些生命被放弃 1 \9 B/ l/ V7 l7 K1 q
了,你会感到无法接受。我们对自己说:“事情不可能如此。如果这是真的,那么它理应 9 ]; Z; c$ v6 p9 k
是我们努力的头等大事。”
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So we began our work in the same way anyone here would begin it. We asked: "Ho 3 i0 m! b/ y0 m" S
w could the world let these children die?"
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$ g% E3 \& U: m; u所以,我们用任何人都会想到的方式开始工作。我们问:“这个世界怎么可以眼睁睁看着
1 X( t$ {! W9 O6 K" }3 {6 d2 \+ y这些孩子死去?” / u) V6 H5 | B, H
6 N, G$ [- A; e) r2 bThe answer is simple, and harsh. The market did not reward saving the lives of ) ~; ~' I2 S% W% J V8 @, n
these children, and governments did not subsidize it. So the children died be
0 I/ j! J7 c8 @/ Rcause their mothers and their fathers had no power in the market and no voice # ^! ]4 V! h' C& g
in the system. # ~% G- ?6 C8 R
6 g3 Q& V& n* }; M5 L1 a) y+ f答案很简单,也很令人难堪。在市场经济中,拯救儿童是一项没有利润的工作,政府也不
2 D" Y0 c! }0 N; ~4 ?会提供补助。这些儿童之所以会死亡,是因为他们的父母在经济上没有实力,在政治上没
4 A6 Z; T: c, w& x' Q) `有能力发出声音。
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) u) K& X+ P0 W1 q" d2 QBut you and I have both.
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但是,你们和我在经济上有实力,在政治上能够发出声音。
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7 v* {! ]3 {6 a' i) L6 M5 H sWe can make market forces work better for the poor if we can develop a more cr
# N2 @# Q1 \- W7 Z+ U0 Qeative capitalism – if we can stretch the reach of market forces so that more
3 W9 V4 p5 B5 Q, ?* Q2 Gpeople can make a profit, or at least make a living, serving people who are s 0 m1 I6 G! s# s6 i
uffering from the worst inequities. We also can press governments around the w
% R% z' L' U d m, A, @: ]: Y X6 Rorld to spend taxpayer money in ways that better reflect the values of the peo 4 h. p* W# T+ d9 g4 d
ple who pay the taxes. 8 p2 J1 D0 N. y
) n# z. y8 C* {7 y$ b5 j我们可以让市场更好地为穷人服务,如果我们能够设计出一种更有创新性的资本主义制度 7 b5 t4 B" o/ f6 A
——如果我们可以改变市场,让更多的人可以获得利润,或者至少可以维持生活——那么
' S, L1 K4 Z3 {,这就可以帮到那些正在极端不平等的状况中受苦的人们。我们还可以向全世界的政府施
9 C% M( g- Z4 R# ~压,要求他们将纳税人的钱,花到更符合纳税人价值观的地方。 1 o. h& L$ O n! O; x
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If we can find approaches that meet the needs of the poor in ways that generat
- c+ V- H) [9 T1 r( Fe profits for business and votes for politicians, we will have found a sustain " g" ^2 d9 C ?$ E
able way to reduce inequity in the world. This task is open-ended. It can neve
$ h$ _2 g$ v8 p. a. A3 }- Hr be finished. But a conscious effort to answer this challenge will change the
2 v. m, W; o4 T) L' \world.
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如果我们能够找到这样一种方法,既可以帮到穷人,又可以为商人带来利润,为政治家带 # m* s1 Z- M9 T1 e2 t+ k
来选票,那么我们就找到了一种减少世界性不平等的可持续的发展道路。这个任务是无限 9 a4 X0 C' X4 ^. q) c' n
的。它不可能被完全完成,但是任何自觉地解决这个问题的尝试,都将会改变这个世界。
% J- @- @4 ~3 o- t# j- |9 e5 o
9 v7 F* M) B# n: VI am optimistic that we can do this, but I talk to skeptics who claim there is
/ E2 D3 q K- d! ]4 Ono hope. They say: "Inequity has been with us since the beginning, and will b
6 x- x# q$ E9 Ue with us till the end – because people just … don't … care." I completely
5 D2 k; D$ Q% X( t& l+ Adisagree. ( S: z! t& t1 v$ u: Q8 i, I
& G, ^" N9 O+ ^5 [: B& ]/ v6 d5 A在这个问题上,我是乐观的。但是,我也遇到过那些感到绝望的怀疑主义者。他们说:“
6 y5 h! f6 d8 O- p$ @8 J不平等从人类诞生的第一天就存在,到人类灭亡的最后一天也将存在。——因为人类对这 0 ^% L3 g5 J+ a7 v" P( i9 ?$ f! C
个问题根本不在乎。”我完全不能同意这种观点。 6 @; w7 F" e, y. k
2 `. \& k5 q4 n. k; Z) a" @8 [8 X" k- dI believe we have more caring than we know what to do with. 6 t/ ?" M+ g& c
6 K* \& d( Y S, i* ]* [! w" s# B我相信,问题不是我们不在乎,而是我们不知道怎么做。 / f! o, M8 K7 w8 H6 W6 N" c7 |5 T
+ J. W |2 n9 {' \
All of us here in this Yard, at one time or another, have seen human tragedies
+ j4 Y$ r; X; A; S' S% @that broke our hearts, and yet we did nothing – not because we didn't care,
$ |: T+ c2 ]( ? g6 Fbut because we didn't know what to do. If we had known how to help, we would h 5 @5 R" L* h# |# b
ave acted.
& S; B2 ~: r+ ~+ L. _& O+ t5 Y- V" Q) s/ H6 Y `$ C
此刻在这个院子里的所有人,生命中总有这样或那样的时刻,目睹人类的悲剧,感到万分 % F m9 P8 e* G
伤心。但是我们什么也没做,并非我们无动于衷,而是因为我们不知道做什么和怎么做。
4 }6 u) i8 _* w如果我们知道如何做是有效的,那么我们就会采取行动。 ' R+ {4 O/ o8 S3 E
* c" S! L, f' t9 P* z7 |The barrier to change is not too little caring; it is too much complexity. 3 n. P# R( v' L2 }+ Z2 d& U0 M7 h v
2 V$ p2 i; z* H$ P
改变世界的阻碍,并非人类的冷漠,而是世界实在太复杂。 5 s5 S6 v) m. m$ X
! J7 S6 k; R0 l$ q7 g. f a
To turn caring into action, we need to see a problem, see a solution, and see
& ?, p/ z+ }+ x! P. l# k/ E+ Cthe impact. But complexity blocks all three steps.
/ G, I i' C8 Y0 j, f8 x* _: V: _7 T# O: b& g$ W, {5 J1 x
为了将关心转变为行动,我们需要找到问题,发现解决办法的方法,评估后果。但是世界 6 `0 e8 d; F1 y; l( h0 Z
的复杂性使得所有这些步骤都难于做到。
& A, ?6 \: R) W9 b, A1 Z# ^* ^; f# R) ^3 y2 t' M6 K1 Z$ _ }
Even with the advent of the Internet and 24-hour news, it is still a complex e : B( Z, f( d8 ] K4 g
nterprise to get people to truly see the problems. When an airplane crashes, o # c, p4 Q1 C1 b7 O, I% @
fficials immediately call a press conference. They promise to investigate, det
2 v/ X' S' f( u6 k& @1 _9 Cermine the cause, and prevent similar crashes in the future. / h8 ~! |( [; j! Y
1 @1 W2 D p' @1 l1 N3 d7 d- s: D即使有了互联网和24小时直播的新闻台,让人们真正发现问题所在,仍然十分困难。当一 1 X3 O/ _% w. A; Z0 m
架飞机坠毁了,官员们会立刻召开新闻发布会,他们承诺进行调查、找到原因、防止将来 ' Y; c2 h9 T G2 y6 h
再次发生类似事故。
& O U/ O1 l a
- x/ V. i! A0 [- R W# e: M) hBut if the officials were brutally honest, they would say: "Of all the people
1 F& X1 p& N3 I# J& ain the world who died today from preventable causes, one half of one percent o ; x1 P5 \6 K8 b
f them were on this plane. We're determined to do everything possible to solve $ E& z' t6 ]- o; L4 E
the problem that took the lives of the one half of one percent." , u4 M: n! ?3 q9 i' a/ x; _& t
$ b& Z& ~" p# f. {9 l2 w但是如果那些官员敢说真话,他们就会说:“在今天这一天,全世界所有可以避免的死亡 4 V `4 p! _3 Q3 r. u9 g$ y6 d: x
之中,只有0.5%的死者来自于这次空难。我们决心尽一切努力,调查这个0.5%的死亡原因
. W9 k" O# @9 a7 y U! m。”
( Y; K. j) l+ t9 m5 g! H/ e- I2 r
The bigger problem is not the plane crash, but the millions of preventable dea
$ x- N5 {6 Q. ]+ S0 ~ths. 5 r& b" M7 r$ n5 ^
/ @7 s! J/ P# n" z% k% |1 f显然,更重要的问题不是这次空难,而是其他几百万可以预防的死亡事件。
i* T2 k7 s9 [# ^" x
7 g1 t& H; _1 M- F% XWe don't read much about these deaths. The media covers what's new – and mill
! m" s0 T% k" ~8 U' jions of people dying is nothing new. So it stays in the background, where it's
: ^* U2 N- ?* c1 ]: [0 j" Veasier to ignore. But even when we do see it or read about it, it's difficult # ~0 s' M% t$ f/ D; X0 ]
to keep our eyes on the problem. It's hard to look at suffering if the situat ( i8 a$ [2 ?) n5 c
ion is so complex that we don't know how to help. And so we look away. : |' H$ H! b9 _, c$ @9 q! d
7 a+ k) q- a" V/ X5 z
我们并没有很多机会了解那些死亡事件。媒体总是报告新闻,几百万人将要死去并非新闻
8 W9 ?0 d9 m$ m。如果没有人报道,那么这些事件就很容易被忽视。另一方面,即使我们确实目睹了事件
$ X8 {% M: m1 V! Z! ~- ?本身或者看到了相关报道,我们也很难持续关注这些事件。看着他人受苦是令人痛苦的,
' c) @! t% a$ k( S8 [3 x3 _何况问题又如此复杂,我们根本不知道如何去帮助他人。所以我们会将脸转过去。 ! `3 E6 d D' m
% H% q& R; s5 V c6 H- i3 r( @5 }
If we can really see a problem, which is the first step, we come to the second
$ S2 R2 a! C$ P6 u1 n4 nstep: cutting through the complexity to find a solution. * n/ C- @# X7 g" d) q: |2 C& h1 \
1 t5 [8 ]" e5 d0 t
就算我们真正发现了问题所在,也不过是迈出了第一步,接着还有第二步:那就是从复杂 / \7 n7 e6 U' D! o5 h0 O
的事件中找到解决办法。 1 B5 s) U" u, `: f- Z
& g) V, s5 ]! n6 v8 a; Y6 |5 n
Finding solutions is essential if we want to make the most of our caring. If w
5 v- I3 h* X' r E' G& oe have clear and proven answers anytime an organization or individual asks "Ho
* c# a; \" Y5 M5 ~0 N) [% a5 Tw can I help?," then we can get action – and we can make sure that none of th ! L$ @5 [. o4 A9 D- b( f6 H
e caring in the world is wasted. But complexity makes it hard to mark a path o 8 @* m9 P# [' T! k& \) \: d! x
f action for everyone who cares — and that makes it hard for their caring to ; _3 S( W. T( ~* W3 `3 ?; ?, c
matter. : H* x! t- y# N& m+ b x
) c! K- \3 A# t0 l; T
如果我们要让关心落到实处,我们就必须找到解决办法。如果我们有一个清晰的和可靠的
: H6 M+ m' Q3 J0 V% r4 q! d+ Q9 |答案,那么当任何组织和个人发出疑问“如何我能提供帮助”的时候,我们就能采取行动
D( A9 L9 n. E* m% I。我们就能够保证不浪费一丁点全世界人类对他人的关心。但是,世界的复杂性使得很难 8 ]9 u3 g* h3 y @2 B
找到对全世界每一个有爱心的人都有效的行动方法,因此人类对他人的关心往往很难产生
* R9 R% j/ k5 @实际效果。
* m+ y" N7 ?- f, \1 M# y0 t- O( o+ o; I" [) x, A
Cutting through complexity to find a solution runs through four predictable st : `5 Z" ^( Z. t+ u; E1 _8 ~5 [
ages: determine a goal, find the highest-leverage approach, discover the ideal / E( S2 C! H7 x! J0 _$ P1 ~! o% s
technology for that approach, and in the meantime, make the smartest applicat
: k4 w& A/ W9 Z5 m# g6 k! H" zion of the technology that you already have — whether it's something sophisti
: A& a. ]4 p- e/ ccated, like a drug, or something simpler, like a bednet.
! {. h/ C8 ^6 H" w
" ^' H% E. [8 l( E% X从这个复杂的世界中找到解决办法,可以分为四个步骤:确定目标,找到最高效的方法,
% @8 L/ J6 O2 Y) O. h; t! m发现适用于这个方法的新技术,同时最聪明地利用现有的技术,不管它是复杂的药物,还 6 R: p. E% |5 p$ `+ d
是最简单的蚊帐。
+ E* q+ k: V: J, V' ~
- z+ C7 \& ]- g7 D/ e! K0 _- mThe AIDS epidemic offers an example. The broad goal, of course, is to end the
# ^: H- d% Z+ p2 N. T3 bdisease. The highest-leverage approach is prevention. The ideal technology wou
% L; d' s+ C7 [9 Z1 I$ y; r5 A; Dld be a vaccine that gives lifetime immunity with a single dose. So government & p& e7 a [* b
s, drug companies, and foundations fund vaccine research. But their work is li + H: B$ P! _+ J' C. r
kely to take more than a decade, so in the meantime, we have to work with what
: G6 j+ ?( G8 V0 T! d& K7 d: @$ Qwe have in hand – and the best prevention approach we have now is getting pe
; l& w) {. U# n& r% n+ ], u& Jople to avoid risky behavior. # W+ v# H+ n; k0 m% [
' V6 _& i4 d# o; U
艾滋病就是一个例子。总的目标,毫无疑问是消灭这种疾病。最高效的方法是预防。最理 5 p% K) u9 M7 |' r: }. @
想的技术是发明一种疫苗,只要注射一次,就可以终生免疫。所以,政府、制药公司、基
' A% X+ c6 @! b3 t3 [1 [( @9 s6 E, o6 n金会应该资助疫苗研究。但是,这样研究工作很可能十年之内都无法完成。因此,与此同 6 {' W9 ?( V3 B( ^: O+ _- b
时,我们必须使用现有的技术,目前最有效的预防方法就是设法让人们避免那些危险的行
o# n: n; S6 ^/ W5 W3 a6 W为。
3 ~1 C4 X/ @1 z0 Z1 W5 ?( j, u, Z; ?
Pursuing that goal starts the four-step cycle again. This is the pattern. The # {" Y" n, w$ y! x
crucial thing is to never stop thinking and working – and never do what we di 1 U/ Y6 ^. O! r; @* v) ^
d with malaria and tuberculosis in the 20th century – which is to surrender t
4 H9 M: _% s6 Vo complexity and quit. 0 G- D$ g; h) ^ S ?, ]. \
! A5 X) J/ g6 E( T' B" f
要实现这个新的目标,又可以采用新的四步循环。这是一种模式。关键的东西是永远不要
5 S5 @( B1 I. e8 g8 d停止思考和行动。我们千万不能再犯上个世纪在疟疾和肺结核上犯过的错误,那时我们因 " b0 u$ w/ \* Z# A0 R
为它们太复杂,而放弃了采取行动。 * {- W" v! K5 Y. r: p6 P0 ]
( U7 a6 N6 Q6 i3 R- W5 K: N
The final step – after seeing the problem and finding an approach – is to me
+ C; i8 A3 k# E+ {3 l casure the impact of your work and share your successes and failures so that ot ' }4 V, D# K* f
hers learn from your efforts. + ~' A! I; n! j
" n" F' i/ r5 i/ E/ z在发现问题和找到解决方法之后,就是最后一步——评估工作结果,将你的成功经验或者 2 H- d; e8 J$ z3 ~* ?2 H% B6 }3 ~
失败经验传播出去,这样其他人就可以从你的努力中有所收获。
5 H/ A2 ]% R8 Q* W7 t% z
/ t6 X- G& r! X( w2 OYou have to have the statistics, of course. You have to be able to show that a , a5 R8 h2 @/ l$ }7 V0 R9 A' w
program is vaccinating millions more children. You have to be able to show a ( [& R; G. C/ g, Z/ @/ H
decline in the number of children dying from these diseases. This is essential
7 x! |2 J t, m; Onot just to improve the program, but also to help draw more investment from b
. x }# E9 Z' A! B( K7 V6 U/ \3 ^usiness and government.
* L2 [! y. p3 o- _: u# d! N& ]4 v: X* x: M. Q/ \: s- c5 c
当然,你必须有一些统计数字。你必须让他人知道,你的项目为几百万儿童新接种了疫苗
1 j" M. O9 L" B8 }6 R。你也必须让他人知道,儿童死亡人数下降了多少。这些都是很关键的,不仅有利于改善 7 N, _; K% y: R+ V7 n+ _2 k# D
项目效果,也有利于从商界和政府得到更多的帮助。
+ p8 H# r# k# Z( Z$ }( s' p, n6 e& M9 ?, R' N( M
But if you want to inspire people to participate, you have to show more than n
5 K! `. l$ v$ f* t* ]7 f% Dumbers; you have to convey the human impact of the work – so people can feel
1 c! w& h8 w4 G9 ?7 a% q! pwhat saving a life means to the families affected.
# F4 O0 ?2 w$ x; f) v. _; G! {6 r/ d4 o
但是,这些还不够,如果你想激励其他人参加你的项目,你就必须拿出更多的统计数字;
+ Z# w/ }1 G9 u) ~" p& S& @你必须展示你的项目的人性因素,这样其他人就会感到拯救一个生命,对那些处在困境中
# p h9 @& t1 O& K的家庭到底意味着什么。
; n/ E" I" t8 i$ }. b1 L1 X2 O/ m: ]+ h" t
I remember going to Davos some years back and sitting on a global health panel " \% |) o1 \" \2 E1 t$ ~3 v
that was discussing ways to save millions of lives. Millions! Think of the th
+ D" q& \$ P3 Z( ?( D% F2 x3 }rill of saving just one person's life – then multiply that by millions. … Ye 9 a* B" O3 U% T# ]( W
t this was the most boring panel I've ever been on – ever. So boring even I c
, W. }* t! K5 l" i( ]3 v, j R' k8 Uouldn't bear it.
$ ^- h% s' }; ^8 [* J+ B! x2 D5 O2 I' t" t' e+ Q
几年前,我去瑞士达沃斯旁听一个全球健康问题论坛,会议的内容有关于如何拯救几百万 9 D! D) l& Q# I) t5 m
条生命。天哪,是几百万!想一想吧,拯救一个人的生命已经让人何等激动,现在你要把 ! C" |- r" U; l5 _; D
这种激动再乘上几百万倍……但是,不幸的是,这是我参加过的最最乏味的论坛,乏味到
: l- ^7 U) F1 a/ `4 e我无法强迫自己听下去。 3 `$ z. R2 t% f" u8 P
) j1 E; K4 v& \0 g3 L7 Z8 p2 y3 F3 q% JWhat made that experience especially striking was that I had just come from an
& D a6 q8 u9 n3 C( t3 t* s9 T+ A& revent where we were introducing version 13 of some piece of software, and we
( E: K4 ]" r- ]) dhad people jumping and shouting with excitement. I love getting people excited
! |+ \- i0 h1 x8 tabout software – but why can't we generate even more excitement for saving l & k6 Y7 k) j7 r1 m+ b$ e9 D
ives? $ K5 z- B% z6 u! Z$ F
6 P7 B1 [; ~5 j那次经历之所以让我难忘,是因为之前我们刚刚发布了一个软件的第13个版本,我们让观
0 K& `" Z5 o8 a0 L7 Q/ U& ?众激动得跳了起来,喊出了声。我喜欢人们因为软件而感到激动,那么我们为什么不能够 " u: s) K6 `5 `4 M3 P
让人们因为能够拯救生命而感到更加激动呢? + S4 Z" x p, J# O' k
6 Z: Y' z/ E% i" r; N
You can't get people excited unless you can help them see and feel the impact.
% o' e: c4 G7 E' g- AAnd how you do that – is a complex question. * n6 a8 D2 U# C0 g! t# C9 ~; k) |: n
/ [( J5 C- n V5 G& o
除非你能够让人们看到或者感受到行动的影响力,否则你无法让人们激动。如何做到这一
' d4 _; O- { d, `) a$ S z7 H" k点,并不是一件简单的事。
' t1 b- Z. j8 _+ C: A7 f. p, R* |2 a( D8 S% f& t- k/ C
Still, I'm optimistic. Yes, inequity has been with us forever, but the new too " d% y' W7 `5 E: G* ^/ p0 m$ q
ls we have to cut through complexity have not been with us forever. They are n 1 l: m0 k- m0 X9 ~& A* J$ |- Z
ew – they can help us make the most of our caring – and that's why the futur
+ L0 v9 h- U/ o& S% x4 Z9 je can be different from the past.
" e% T G; P4 @+ D& ~- d5 U7 O
C/ P3 Q9 n2 T2 n6 ]1 ]" J同前面一样,在这个问题上,我依然是乐观的。不错,人类的不平等有史以来一直存在, % [+ i. W' H) u3 h
但是那些能够化繁为简的新工具,却是最近才出现的。这些新工具可以帮助我们,将人类
8 o( T5 w3 H0 J+ H- q. l3 W$ @的同情心发挥最大的作用,这就是为什么将来同过去是不一样的。 6 v$ ^" a0 s1 j- k) I# f
: Q4 y1 x% b4 ]1 Y/ z, N3 L
The defining and ongoing innovations of this age – biotechnology, the compute 6 E( m" o6 g- ]" k
r, the Internet – give us a chance we've never had before to end extreme pove
6 |9 P, ]# ~+ C) Irty and end death from preventable disease. 8 P, f) Q! k/ q% _$ Q# z
- M4 j! Z9 E v3 e这个时代无时无刻不在涌现出新的革新——生物技术,计算机,互联网——它们给了我们 * {8 R. S/ o# Q9 I: k
一个从未有过的机会,去终结那些极端的贫穷和非恶性疾病的死亡。
. d& B* C) Z0 b' i& M. E' T
& O: ?: a# E! Q( OSixty years ago, George Marshall came to this commencement and announced a pla + U' m ?4 s. ~# h! k! B
n to assist the nations of post-war Europe. He said: "I think one difficulty i ' O; ~$ h& P0 o+ j# O
s that the problem is one of such enormous complexity that the very mass of fa
3 \3 M( b0 p. ]0 S# `cts presented to the public by press and radio make it exceedingly difficult f
4 D' j Y9 o" I# T) p& b0 t3 R! nor the man in the street to reach a clear appraisement of the situation. It is 3 R% J0 p! k; V( [
virtually impossible at this distance to grasp at all the real significance o `1 `) |7 s$ k7 v7 E: L6 L5 ]9 s
f the situation."
/ x& ]$ }8 N) z/ P7 a6 s
# `1 j- `, Z# n6 `+ w六十年前,乔治·马歇尔也是在这个地方的毕业典礼上,宣布了一个计划,帮助那些欧洲
5 W+ }) N( k$ J- g/ |国家的战后建设。他说:“我认为,困难的一点是这个问题太复杂,报纸和电台向公众源 w0 w+ U& C& A7 L4 w- S
源不断地提供各种事实,使得大街上的普通人极端难于清晰地判断形势。事实上,经过层
( P% f# R0 E+ F6 X* j层传播,想要真正地把握形势,是根本不可能的。”
9 }: B+ Y( H; D& a$ Z m8 [
$ A7 ?+ I' S: W A# gThirty years after Marshall made his address, as my class graduated without me
2 e% g0 @1 }* t5 H0 ^8 ~, technology was emerging that would make the world smaller, more open, more v 2 F2 \5 u9 X2 ~3 ]1 @
isible, less distant.
% v/ _ G7 A/ H1 L* d5 n* @8 D. T; F* o9 O( z3 Q4 j
马歇尔发表这个演讲之后的三十年,我那一届学生毕业,当然我不在其中。那时,新技术
' m7 J/ q: F- E6 U- l9 y* t刚刚开始萌芽,它们将使得这个世界变得更小、更开放、更容易看到、距离更近。 2 a V. \! @# e7 Q: @/ }
7 i0 q* K1 H- h5 y8 x& t9 m
The emergence of low-cost personal computers gave rise to a powerful network t , @+ y6 o# E+ `2 ]! i u" I
hat has transformed opportunities for learning and communicating. 5 y7 O, B5 E5 Y$ @- a8 ?& ~" C1 g# E
- x0 r' `: @/ r2 P/ ^0 U低成本的个人电脑的出现,使得一个强大的互联网有机会诞生,它为学习和交流提供了巨 . d, u2 J$ k: |: N3 u8 N" m2 K
大的机会。 , ^8 o# |8 r$ C! ~
/ N. q: ]$ H. [- ]
The magical thing about this network is not just that it collapses distance an
3 H/ C7 w" O# R9 Q- c# `+ Dd makes everyone your neighbor. It also dramatically increases the number of b . h. o( E' V( B* V! B' O: l
rilliant minds we can have working together on the same problem – and that sc
6 y$ E7 b6 U4 Dales up the rate of innovation to a staggering degree.
9 R5 a0 W( j6 ]% n# R$ S; ~0 M4 i: Y, @. Y2 z% P9 p
网络的神奇之处,不仅仅是它缩短了物理距离,使得天涯若比邻。它还极大地增加了怀有
' l8 @ n$ b/ `共同想法的人们聚集在一起的机会,我们可以为了解决同一个问题,一起共同工作。这就 $ X* w% B- g" L+ ]* z6 p" Z
大大加快了革新的进程,发展速度简直快得让人震惊。
2 Y" J: F4 E, P* t, Z5 M9 t o& x3 [: o L, N' ^; a, x
At the same time, for every person in the world who has access to this technol
" d6 g2 b# e$ C& V/ D* a1 Jogy, five people don't. That means many creative minds are left out of this di
. b2 @! U0 `0 i! ^7 b8 z1 j4 Cscussion -- smart people with practical intelligence and relevant experience w
( d: l( D1 Z' o8 j+ z% ?: k! K( \ho don't have the technology to hone their talents or contribute their ideas t
: R/ c B8 h% wo the world. , H$ P t% N6 }, R$ e9 G6 W* u0 t
$ _' i! Q4 |& R0 K8 q& z
与此同时,世界上有条件上网的人,只是全部人口的六分之一。这意味着,还有许多具有
9 w" D6 q* d2 n" c创造性的人们,没有加入到我们的讨论中来。那些有着实际的操作经验和相关经历的聪明 7 y/ p( L, o' v' X0 v8 |* R W7 I
人,却没有技术来帮助他们,将他们的天赋或者想法与全世界分享。 ; }5 g3 D8 [9 r+ {( {0 `
8 w( a! S- z6 F) k; N+ K
We need as many people as possible to have access to this technology, because
1 T* |7 m/ ]3 u, Xthese advances are triggering a revolution in what human beings can do for one . }# b' @6 [, O( k9 i
another. They are making it possible not just for national governments, but f ! `, d l/ q8 Y% J
or universities, corporations, smaller organizations, and even individuals to
9 g! e3 u8 N% {* e2 nsee problems, see approaches, and measure the impact of their efforts to addre
R( |' u: [; u* Kss the hunger, poverty, and desperation George Marshall spoke of 60 years ago.
5 i0 ~' j9 t! x" Y+ X
5 W" E7 ?5 Q0 s7 n! E6 z- X1 r; h; I+ R" F2 R r7 N
我们需要尽可能地让更多的人有机会使用新技术,因为这些新技术正在引发一场革命,人
, P7 [' E w( T" x类将因此可以互相帮助。新技术正在创造一种可能,不仅是政府,还包括大学、公司、小
6 O+ \% Q$ x$ R8 N. d" f机构、甚至个人,能够发现问题所在、能够找到解决办法、能够评估他们努力的效果,去 3 K8 h3 f! p& `8 M
改变那些马歇尔六十年前就说到过的问题——饥饿、贫穷和绝望。
3 {6 U- Z% }* l7 L
8 _# F- k* d# N- s/ ]Members of the Harvard Family: Here in the Yard is one of the great collection
" O" l+ B' Q% l. y" ks of intellectual talent in the world. f0 l% ~; X6 p$ g
/ L$ E( ~# k7 d, b+ ~/ `哈佛是一个大家庭。这个院子里在场的人们,是全世界最有智力的人类群体之一。
. B5 f3 I% L$ e) Z, D6 t6 y% d
( q4 Z$ I- |) ^, eWhat for?
1 I9 ~: V+ T; C
9 e0 T( D! }+ J- L8 n我们可以做些什么? 1 b( F- l% E s9 D6 b" b. W* C* ]# s
- F d \ _$ X' Y5 T LThere is no question that the faculty, the alumni, the students, and the benef
+ q* [: }. i% P5 T/ Ractors of Harvard have used their power to improve the lives of people here an
& n% s# I9 N nd around the world. But can we do more? Can Harvard dedicate its intellect to 7 F9 X* q5 {$ L, L
improving the lives of people who will never even hear its name?
& r5 j7 T+ T. ]7 [5 ]9 y0 T
l5 b# C0 ~, Z# b9 H% [毫无疑问,哈佛的老师、校友、学生和资助者,已经用他们的能力改善了全世界各地人们 - y+ Z4 Q# s+ F# B, ~3 C
的生活。但是,我们还能够再做什么呢?有没有可能,哈佛的人们可以将他们的智慧,用 8 _) d6 y0 d, @: I1 o0 ^* k5 \, }
来帮助那些甚至从来没有听到过“哈佛”这个名字的人?
$ G8 t3 T+ o7 K$ u" f. L6 {6 G8 D3 N5 \) d# }$ ?3 b
Let me make a request of the deans and the professors – the intellectual lead . ^7 T' [% B2 B" r. W
ers here at Harvard: As you hire new faculty, award tenure, review curriculum, & u, a& k% c! U5 W- e2 T: z* R6 f) k
and determine degree requirements, please ask yourselves: . g6 Y! D( i8 P. F* ~
( _2 u5 K9 G. U, C0 v8 B. B1 l3 [) L4 d请允许我向各位院长和教授,提出一个请求——你们是哈佛的智力领袖,当你们雇用新的
7 s& b5 |2 `6 a% c. v老师、授予终身教职、评估课程、决定学位颁发标准的时候,请问你们自己如下的问题:
+ y k* p. u7 E: t9 W& s# C) W2 m" l3 E
( l+ E( S& ^/ v
Should our best minds be dedicated to solving our biggest problems?
+ ^7 a% b. }, k1 ^; P
* R0 d' }/ M1 q% j7 s9 l$ A/ j我们最优秀的人才是否在致力于解决我们最大的问题?
# _: s6 I' b! V& E- X
8 @3 g- p' ], m! aShould Harvard encourage its faculty to take on the world's worst inequities?
' B% g1 C2 H0 } X. zShould Harvard students learn about the depth of global poverty … the prevale
$ d3 h5 Y- ~! _5 k8 q* jnce of world hunger … the scarcity of clean water …the girls kept out of sch 3 q: R& D) I$ P5 o9 D
ool … the children who die from diseases we can cure?
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4 u5 J7 G% F% Z6 u& v. p哈佛是否鼓励她的老师去研究解决世界上最严重的不平等?哈佛的学生是否从全球那些极 / \$ L( I+ O5 F; V( V" U
端的贫穷中学到了什么……世界性的饥荒……清洁的水资源的缺乏……无法上学的女童…
/ J0 N0 o3 n4 Z…死于非恶性疾病的儿童……哈佛的学生有没有从中学到东西? 9 v; L0 t& U# ?: h, c4 f" o0 ^
2 J0 x% F5 x* R3 Z) u5 Y
Should the world's most privileged people learn about the lives of the world's : r" A! N7 @ [/ R! K9 ~+ `
least privileged?
: E+ S0 b' p) `( l6 g5 r- w: E2 u a! N- E6 F# _: }! ?$ V
那些世界上过着最优越生活的人们,有没有从那些最困难的人们身上学到东西?
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5 n# }" t+ D7 L8 n+ z, h* [These are not rhetorical questions – you will answer with your policies. * D8 E. F S8 Y& G. @! ?* B9 R+ ~7 C8 l
- C' U; ~/ h, O, O
这些问题并非语言上的修辞。你必须用自己的行动来回答它们。 ) X3 g% u8 e6 A X( @
g: W6 ]. c7 F) l# _
My mother, who was filled with pride the day I was admitted here – never stop
) i l1 Z% [. }ped pressing me to do more for others. A few days before my wedding, she hoste
7 V: H% v1 u, n; z- }7 ad a bridal event, at which she read aloud a letter about marriage that she had
( u S/ _, b& c2 ]6 v$ rwritten to Melinda. My mother was very ill with cancer at the time, but she s
& } I! s: C% R+ M; ~7 P- r5 Gaw one more opportunity to deliver her message, and at the close of the letter
. K1 \8 D( s; G4 g5 a. o' ishe said: "From those to whom much is given, much is expected." 9 a0 x! G, i( l4 g: y
3 L$ Z# j f" ?+ n9 C
我的母亲在我被哈佛大学录取的那一天,曾经感到非常骄傲。她从没有停止督促我,去为 + N0 b% P- O' ^3 v9 t
他人做更多的事情。在我结婚的前几天,她主持了一个新娘进我家的仪式。在这个仪式上
# _0 a( C( M! P0 z; e7 `( ]) R,她高声朗读了一封关于婚姻的信,这是她写给Melinda的。那时,我的母亲已经因为癌症 9 [* x6 p9 J; R' M
病入膏肓,但是她还是认为这是又一个传播她的信念的机会。在那封信的结尾,她写道: ; J! K8 [ Z8 R5 F* j
“对于那些接受了许多帮助的人们,他们还在期待更多的帮助。你的能力越大,人们对你 $ k# f5 U9 R ]
的期望也就越大。”
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When you consider what those of us here in this Yard have been given – in tal
- a9 W; [" }: Y" Eent, privilege, and opportunity – there is almost no limit to what the world
! q. ? {; Y: c* \& @. ~( `, H" u5 chas a right to expect from us. 8 E/ e. u: h4 c7 Z1 J+ s# I
" h+ ^2 S, o2 E4 j: V; u
想一想吧,我们在这个院子里的这些人,被给予过什么——天赋、特权、机遇——那么可
( ?4 a" U. o4 N7 ` E以这样说,全世界的人们几乎有无限的权力,期待我们做出贡献。 . |: W7 z2 A e) L$ ?: C: }/ x5 N
$ l9 j# P* J) g: V) ~& c
In line with the promise of this age, I want to exhort each of the graduates h
) |1 ?" p9 H6 x( {ere to take on an issue – a complex problem, a deep inequity, and become a sp " E& N" ^0 p, o, t) ?- d
ecialist on it. If you make it the focus of your career, that would be phenome % f1 C2 y) ?& P8 q* ~
nal. But you don't have to do that to make an impact. For a few hours every we & k& ?, O/ s, P; c N3 o
ek, you can use the growing power of the Internet to get informed, find others
, I# P! S$ M2 c4 T' A cwith the same interests, see the barriers, and find ways to cut through them. / `9 l$ T1 _2 B* d
" e" V5 |4 u, ?6 X1 ^9 l4 M
1 \* z5 H1 m3 E C同这个时代的期望一样,我也要向今天各位毕业的同学提出一个忠告:你们要选择一个问 , M- s& u# g' T% z7 w1 t) b
题,一个复杂的问题,一个有关于人类深刻的不平等的问题,然后你们要变成这个问题的
, k' J7 k( R. t7 O5 P专家。如果你们能够使得这个问题成为你们职业的核心,那么你们就会非常杰出。但是, . `/ F3 ]: [ [$ ]
你们不必一定要去做那些大事。每个星期只用几个小时,你就可以通过互联网得到信息, , p8 b3 O/ Q9 b! V, ]$ L; u: s
找到志同道合的朋友,发现困难所在,找到解决它们的途径。
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~ k9 u L; a. x0 u8 aDon't let complexity stop you. Be activists. Take on the big inequities. It wi + X9 [/ ?8 X% F! ]& A+ _% }' L- g3 ^! \ j
ll be one of the great experiences of your lives.
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不要让这个世界的复杂性阻碍你前进。要成为一个行动主义者。将解决人类的不平等视为
4 w; A* e2 O$ f D1 K, p Z' K己任。它将成为你生命中最重要的经历之一。
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You graduates are coming of age in an amazing time. As you leave Harvard, you
, [# U2 p" v, |, ahave technology that members of my class never had. You have awareness of glob
* m- }! O0 ]! Y8 Q8 S2 jal inequity, which we did not have. And with that awareness, you likely also h
# Z5 X% z2 e& v( z! l$ n5 Pave an informed conscience that will torment you if you abandon these people w 4 P& r5 a+ F. o+ t
hose lives you could change with very little effort. You have more than we had 0 q. b( g @6 ]1 j2 ]
; you must start sooner, and carry on longer.
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+ p$ D0 E; q3 o$ S在座的各位毕业的同学,你们所处的时代是一个神奇的时代。当你们离开哈佛的时候,你
6 E2 G$ l1 f7 T4 }* I- \5 k: N3 E4 V们拥有的技术,是我们那一届学生所没有的。你们已经了解到了世界上的不平等,我们那 7 v: t8 _% D1 x% }
时还不知道这些。有了这样的了解之后,要是你再弃那些你可以帮助的人们于不顾,就将 & f! ?" M$ F, _
受到良心的谴责,只需一点小小的努力,你就可以改变那些人们的生活。你们比我们拥有
3 b4 O+ I' D( |! X ? U4 n( n更大的能力;你们必须尽早开始,尽可能长时期坚持下去。 : @# S* \5 J! E
4 V* y$ B1 S$ [0 y( ^- ^! u9 k
Knowing what you know, how could you not? , M7 W% k! ?# N1 c
3 [. D& o/ ?" Y/ _! h+ Z- w8 e3 |知道了你们所知道的一切,你们怎么可能不采取行动呢? 1 y2 h* X# [# N* Z4 Y; Q% |
0 P. k! W3 ]' \And I hope you will come back here to Harvard 30 years from now and reflect on # e U4 o: q6 K
what you have done with your talent and your energy. I hope you will judge yo 7 h" D- z. t' X" V( S% m5 W0 m1 d
urselves not on your professional accomplishments alone, but also on how well
9 R* }' |" f3 C: m# N1 Ayou have addressed the world's deepest inequities … on how well you treated p 1 e' D0 b1 [7 s; J& r7 k( s, f
eople a world away who have nothing in common with you but their humanity. ) j3 k+ o8 r6 t/ J8 d
0 w8 k: `: W* G0 A: O) B+ Q
我希望,30年后你们还会再回到哈佛,想起你们用自己的天赋和能力所做出的一切。我希
# W' U) X* s0 v望,在那个时候,你们用来评价自己的标准,不仅仅是你们的专业成就,而包括你们为改
( Q( K. l6 T& N/ a1 Z$ B变这个世界深刻的不平等所做出的努力,以及你们如何善待那些远隔千山万水、与你们毫
, ]1 L! e9 K. x5 \4 t- H: l不涉及的人们,你们与他们唯一的共同点就是同为人类。 |
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