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2008-11-02 01:02:11 来自: lightpie(上次登录还是1.5年前.....) # Y1 J' ]" ]5 D5 d) H6 N
比尔·盖茨在哈佛大学毕业典礼上的演讲 9 n* i5 Q# Q; ~+ A
$ q, k, s7 I7 k! T0 M2007年6月7日
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- A* H! s' H: C. @+ ~阮一峰 译 3 \% S' g) V' J
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President Bok, former President Rudenstine, incoming President Faust, members
, |/ S5 Q4 b" ~, l4 l% wof the Harvard Corporation and the Board of Overseers, members of the faculty,
. p, \( P% B' M0 _9 w+ R h( qparents, and especially, the graduates:
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尊敬的Bok校长,Rudenstine前校长,即将上任的Faust校长,哈佛集团的各位成员,监管
; p& ^, }: O0 b7 z6 y, J理事会的各位理事,各位老师,各位家长,各位同学: * v* x' c" i l
p) U' M7 @1 Z5 J& J, E$ yI've been waiting more than 30 years to say this: "Dad, I always told you I'd
2 p N9 O8 R# ccome back and get my degree."
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有一句话我等了三十年,现在终于可以说了:“老爸,我总是跟你说,我会回来拿到我的
! W; O7 N* p2 D y. F* I' T学位的!”
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# ?: m+ z# U g1 a, eI want to thank Harvard for this timely honor. I'll be changing my job next ye / Y1 C6 p7 Q2 D( V8 ?7 h1 Y
ar … and it will be nice to finally have a college degree on my resume. 4 N# V+ o& t9 V1 D& o1 u! O) q/ C6 Q
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我要感谢哈佛大学在这个时候给我这个荣誉。明年,我就要换工作了(注:指从微软公司 . v7 ?* P3 S. E6 M$ w! x7 }& {% q
退休)……我终于可以在简历上写我有一个本科学位,这真是不错啊。 3 G) M6 X; T" S
" p2 n: m$ |4 Z( R% b4 aI applaud the graduates today for taking a much more direct route to your degr
4 k6 {0 C7 m4 v# H. ]ees. For my part, I'm just happy that the Crimson has called me "Harvard's mos
' G, D, b' H, d# E& B) ?9 O$ [t successful dropout." I guess that makes me valedictorian of my own special c ! s+ P$ M1 z$ Z }; C
lass … I did the best of everyone who failed. & \- ~ _ E: m0 h8 l
& e$ w9 r/ |7 J8 x0 h; [6 I* a$ S我为今天在座的各位同学感到高兴,你们拿到学位可比我简单多了。哈佛的校报称我是“ 1 z' e4 x- t9 K4 l
哈佛大学历史上最成功的辍学生”。我想这大概使我有资格代表我这一类学生发言……在 6 P4 X! h! F- v
所有的失败者里,我做得最好。
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But I also want to be recognized as the guy who got Steve Ballmer to drop out
?2 G; s: s! _of business school. I'm a bad influence. That's why I was invited to speak at
8 t8 l( N$ W* X/ D6 |7 B$ k8 `) cyour graduation. If I had spoken at your orientation, fewer of you might be he ( H/ k! {# c9 L' Q
re today. ( }$ J/ n0 u% u. J
; _# \6 y8 r% |. M( @) `* Q0 l* I9 _但是,我还要提醒大家,我使得Steve Ballmer(注:微软总经理)也从哈佛商学院退学了 3 k* S3 M7 x6 t
。因此,我是个有着恶劣影响力的人。这就是为什么我被邀请来在你们的毕业典礼上演讲
/ ^8 L8 Q# R4 w2 V) @* o。如果我在你们入学欢迎仪式上演讲,那么能够坚持到今天在这里毕业的人也许会少得多 ( J( W P% a: i# s) Y& w E
吧。
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Harvard was just a phenomenal experience for me. Academic life was fascinating
& d0 n; {# b) D0 Q8 N. I used to sit in on lots of classes I hadn't even signed up for. And dorm li 0 P1 t, X. L* _7 a% {$ [
fe was terrific. I lived up at Radcliffe, in Currier House. There were always
+ t8 Q& m! Q4 j+ c' u2 E- plots of people in my dorm room late at night discussing things, because everyo 8 F0 ?: N! ~+ B/ E
ne knew I didn't worry about getting up in the morning. That's how I came to b ! f# c& C6 m1 t
e the leader of the anti-social group. We clung to each other as a way of vali
3 n+ n7 e3 J* H1 K. y b+ jdating our rejection of all those social people. - a' a) b- F/ l2 u) p
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对我来说,哈佛的求学经历是一段非凡的经历。校园生活很有趣,我常去旁听我没选修的 6 J+ S' z" H1 Y
课。哈佛的课外生活也很棒,我在Radcliffe过着逍遥自在的日子。每天我的寝室里总有很
9 S1 t. p% Z% u% }0 G! `多人一直待到半夜,讨论着各种事情。因为每个人都知道我从不考虑第二天早起。这使得 7 g3 u2 l- t9 |$ X: _ K* b
我变成了校园里那些不安分学生的头头,我们互相粘在一起,做出一种拒绝所有正常学生
8 {4 A6 I2 {" n8 X) Y的姿态。 ' [3 a( M) b5 t1 P$ ?* ~. M
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Radcliffe was a great place to live. There were more women up there, and most
+ o7 G& c+ A3 Rof the guys were science-math types. That combination offered me the best odds + o: u7 y& C& u! D
, if you know what I mean. This is where I learned the sad lesson that improvi
! i/ ?$ _5 Y( Z" p+ h# A5 `8 @ng your odds doesn't guarantee success. 3 }; K& f" z8 R
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Radcliffe是个过日子的好地方。那里的女生比男生多,而且大多数男生都是理工科的。这 . `3 O% |8 {4 c& H
种状况为我创造了最好的机会,如果你们明白我的意思。可惜的是,我正是在这里学到了
4 N3 A2 a2 C H5 x3 Q人生中悲伤的一课:机会大,并不等于你就会成功。 ( Y7 ~8 y9 ^' I4 d- `& U' c4 Q" R4 ]
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One of my biggest memories of Harvard came in January 1975, when I made a call 3 j6 C+ n Z/ e& m
from Currier House to a company in Albuquerque that had begun making the worl 0 }* Q# D6 B) M) S0 O
d's first personal computers. I offered to sell them software.
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我在哈佛最难忘的回忆之一,发生在1975年1月。那时,我从宿舍楼里给位于Albuquerque 2 s* r( G. H: B
的一家公司打了一个电话,那家公司已经在着手制造世界上第一台个人电脑。我提出想向 9 H7 l, n; H. }9 ~* S
他们出售软件。 # \8 d, {( c& D- m2 v% P& e
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I worried that they would realize I was just a student in a dorm and hang up o
5 j: i9 a+ ~$ mn me. Instead they said: "We're not quite ready, come see us in a month," whic ( }" ]$ g( k/ E6 k9 {: o3 A
h was a good thing, because we hadn't written the software yet. From that mome 4 I+ n: ^( a/ e" |0 l$ s+ \
nt, I worked day and night on this little extra credit project that marked the
. f2 Q! v' S ?, w% qend of my college education and the beginning of a remarkable journey with Mi
, O* F9 j, C: ~' ?crosoft.
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我很担心,他们会发觉我是一个住在宿舍的学生,从而挂断电话。但是他们却说:“我们
0 Q8 U; }# |, c% V% f还没准备好,一个月后你再来找我们吧。”这是个好消息,因为那时软件还根本没有写出
- d2 L% v, o. a5 M) y2 w来呢。就是从那个时候起,我日以继夜地在这个小小的课外项目上工作,这导致了我学生
9 ~% t& h7 |2 G4 |生活的结束,以及通往微软公司的不平凡的旅程的开始。
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0 f/ y6 A+ e% G+ O$ i4 ^- pWhat I remember above all about Harvard was being in the midst of so much ener - b' z n# K/ \' d
gy and intelligence. It could be exhilarating, intimidating, sometimes even di
! Q# L6 e3 c5 a; R t! V6 g* Pscouraging, but always challenging. It was an amazing privilege – and though 9 z1 }- |; l& ]
I left early, I was transformed by my years at Harvard, the friendships I made 5 s5 z- e# S" S& j( m) }
, and the ideas I worked on. ! ] t( b. s o
}! }0 t7 a7 I0 G# Z$ O' H# Q- H6 k不管怎样,我对哈佛的回忆主要都与充沛的精力和智力活动有关。哈佛的生活令人愉快, D3 {+ O( S# ` U" c' P
也令人感到有压力,有时甚至会感到泄气,但永远充满了挑战性。生活在哈佛是一种吸引
! ~: {! M0 u# e" n# Z3 Q6 s人的特殊待遇……虽然我离开得比较早,但是我在这里的经历、在这里结识的朋友、在这
6 |; f. _) ]& k F里发展起来的一些想法,永远地改变了我。
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But taking a serious look back … I do have one big regret. 7 b. H" x* u+ T7 q5 \
: S# y; s+ r7 t) [但是,如果现在严肃地回忆起来,我确实有一个真正的遗憾。
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9 W9 z3 y. Y4 X% ^. O jI left Harvard with no real awareness of the awful inequities in the world – * j& N7 P3 i; z' w" a
the appalling disparities of health, and wealth, and opportunity that condemn
5 M! Z" }% w! l" rmillions of people to lives of despair. % }5 I# w( E8 { Y
! s2 E5 }- c6 U6 {6 a2 ?6 j我离开哈佛的时候,根本没有意识到这个世界是多么的不平等。人类在健康、财富和机遇
Y$ M' V9 u+ x上的不平等大得可怕,它们使得无数的人们被迫生活在绝望之中。 ! z* S" S. v* O6 k2 c- b
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I learned a lot here at Harvard about new ideas in economics and politics. I g ; t$ |1 X v. |: i: e
ot great exposure to the advances being made in the sciences. & H% k* j. m- L$ ] g; u5 E. H
) Z# A+ O0 p0 ]9 K. }- Q0 G我在哈佛学到了很多经济学和政治学的新思想。我也了解了很多科学上的新进展。 * I" k4 ?' F- x# g; T- s2 V
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But humanity's greatest advances are not in its discoveries – but in how thos , e" L( W5 q0 }9 Q6 q; D
e discoveries are applied to reduce inequity. Whether through democracy, stron ) s3 l! k, s8 v' E% k
g public education, quality health care, or broad economic opportunity – redu $ b0 S3 g' f! V7 \
cing inequity is the highest human achievement. . ]5 q& h' O' X( e7 K" L
[7 m. o" I" [& [8 Z: [, M但是,人类最大的进步并不来自于这些发现,而是来自于那些有助于减少人类不平等的发
0 \/ d3 J2 K+ A; P8 @现。不管通过何种手段——民主制度、健全的公共教育体系、高质量的医疗保健、还是广
7 r% \& s, N4 i0 d+ L0 Z, v `泛的经济机会——减少不平等始终是人类最大的成就。
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& d5 X0 _# T' p# jI left campus knowing little about the millions of young people cheated out of - `) A7 _8 J {3 z8 v
educational opportunities here in this country. And I knew nothing about the
. L3 _7 G: {; D6 h4 Y) hmillions of people living in unspeakable poverty and disease in developing cou
' Z' n3 w* L* t9 zntries. + _6 ]0 r1 B# g: d0 F: N/ C
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我离开校园的时候,根本不知道在这个国家里,有几百万的年轻人无法获得接受教育的机 * E- ^# f- O: j6 F3 s7 Y
会。我也不知道,发展中国家里有无数的人们生活在无法形容的贫穷和疾病之中。 7 {* R- o/ Q3 S
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It took me decades to find out.
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; l0 z ?2 G; d5 ^我花了几十年才明白了这些事情。 4 z7 K/ |. U: |* e7 g- D
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You graduates came to Harvard at a different time. You know more about the wor $ t! N3 W6 g s! j' P) m$ X
ld's inequities than the classes that came before. In your years here, I hope
1 K$ ?+ P7 q/ Y9 h' ?/ [2 syou've had a chance to think about how – in this age of accelerating technolo
$ J4 e, O4 {5 l$ o! ygy – we can finally take on these inequities, and we can solve them.
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. N* ^8 x. ?1 N8 _8 F) a' u+ A在座的各位同学,你们是在与我不同的时代来到哈佛的。你们比以前的学生,更多地了解 . g; k9 p9 C6 g# v+ |9 ]! Z
世界是怎样的不平等。在你们的哈佛求学过程中,我希望你们已经思考过一个问题,那就 ' O# Z4 V' n* g
是在这个新技术加速发展的时代,我们怎样最终应对这种不平等,以及我们怎样来解决这 & z8 @/ G3 C O
个问题。 9 a; A( C2 K% W; e% n& O
3 z/ C$ ^* m; q- J, zImagine, just for the sake of discussion, that you had a few hours a week and 3 g0 s8 t( i: l8 ]
a few dollars a month to donate to a cause – and you wanted to spend that tim
& m# T* x- }: ~e and money where it would have the greatest impact in saving and improving li 8 N/ h4 K, n4 }+ t
ves. Where would you spend it? 8 ~4 [& B& U# _& g1 T- }8 _. r
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为了讨论的方便,请想象一下,假如你每个星期可以捐献一些时间、每个月可以捐献一些 7 f. B& q k& a ~4 M4 K* I, |
钱——你希望这些时间和金钱,可以用到对拯救生命和改善人类生活有最大作用的地方。 % S: S1 e. m& f0 ~
你会选择什么地方?
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For Melinda and for me, the challenge is the same: how can we do the most good ) `/ v. n3 h9 `& T# b6 y$ r
for the greatest number with the resources we have.
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* T# u* l m7 {对Melinda(注:盖茨的妻子)和我来说,这也是我们面临的问题:我们如何能将我们拥有
" ~. }+ {7 n* P! F1 X. ^/ }$ ~' R的资源发挥出最大的作用。
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During our discussions on this question, Melinda and I read an article about t
/ i3 c/ ?) w- l' Ihe millions of children who were dying every year in poor countries from disea
5 @5 D& C$ x) u& y6 h: bses that we had long ago made harmless in this country. Measles, malaria, pneu ' L: |5 m6 C1 D
monia, hepatitis B, yellow fever. One disease I had never even heard of, rotav M8 U8 @" i1 }8 B
irus, was killing half a million kids each year – none of them in the United
6 d3 q9 e( d; H. v: q1 b. E/ RStates.
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# B: c9 i9 X, G8 [在讨论过程中,Melinda和我读到了一篇文章,里面说在那些贫穷的国家,每年有数百万的 / V# k8 V1 L* E1 l" z
儿童死于那些在美国早已不成问题的疾病。麻疹、疟疾、肺炎、乙型肝炎、黄热病、还有 ) a7 k2 h( t; [8 i( d5 g2 s; h
一种以前我从未听说过的轮状病毒,这些疾病每年导致50万儿童死亡,但是在美国一例死
: G0 M0 K9 S9 o& a亡病例也没有。 $ }0 {% _6 ?& N" L6 p
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We were shocked. We had just assumed that if millions of children were dying a 8 v& a+ |+ `3 B2 j+ |) o! W
nd they could be saved, the world would make it a priority to discover and del 7 u$ ^# m( T8 `$ q
iver the medicines to save them. But it did not. For under a dollar, there wer 0 b8 n1 ?! ~4 w! o: Y
e interventions that could save lives that just weren't being delivered.
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我们被震惊了。我们想,如果几百万儿童正在死亡线上挣扎,而且他们是可以被挽救的,
# f' d1 p: t: ]; N3 C6 k# n* b4 P那么世界理应将用药物拯救他们作为头等大事。但是事实并非如此。那些价格还不到一美
$ F1 Z% u, q* ~9 U V: O元的救命的药剂,并没有送到他们的手中。 7 {! d0 l' C8 N0 }' p c
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If you believe that every life has equal value, it's revolting to learn that s
/ S) ]0 m$ J; i7 F9 }ome lives are seen as worth saving and others are not. We said to ourselves: " ( S [, ?1 m, x
This can't be true. But if it is true, it deserves to be the priority of our g
4 V* J8 R: P" J) xiving." 1 F8 V& G8 q. z7 s# Q
0 R' F2 Q. [* e5 y& W. A5 u* U3 E如果你相信每个生命都是平等的,那么当你发现某些生命被挽救了,而另一些生命被放弃 4 E' w( @" R7 S. P6 [ K
了,你会感到无法接受。我们对自己说:“事情不可能如此。如果这是真的,那么它理应
! R/ D9 Z0 x! Q+ G7 ` W是我们努力的头等大事。” / ~ L! v6 J8 u+ {6 p6 W
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So we began our work in the same way anyone here would begin it. We asked: "Ho
* o. q/ I0 n8 e: Nw could the world let these children die?"
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0 X' D* o( T/ x所以,我们用任何人都会想到的方式开始工作。我们问:“这个世界怎么可以眼睁睁看着 5 Z! w M7 a# y5 ?
这些孩子死去?”
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The answer is simple, and harsh. The market did not reward saving the lives of + I6 V7 k( E* D% O
these children, and governments did not subsidize it. So the children died be , C- W$ Q3 a- {' }# ]* w
cause their mothers and their fathers had no power in the market and no voice
$ T& N" C* R7 C+ y% Q! ein the system. / z3 N7 i$ [3 |% E3 k
" g( [4 x! \ p' I T1 d; v答案很简单,也很令人难堪。在市场经济中,拯救儿童是一项没有利润的工作,政府也不 ! W/ o0 E; n- R! V1 _
会提供补助。这些儿童之所以会死亡,是因为他们的父母在经济上没有实力,在政治上没
5 [7 I) C1 F! ]: ^' L+ T有能力发出声音。
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$ [+ \3 Y! v- EBut you and I have both. ) g+ P* V; e# m* C
9 n/ T7 t. z* v2 d \8 u但是,你们和我在经济上有实力,在政治上能够发出声音。
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We can make market forces work better for the poor if we can develop a more cr {) ^ x# ~- E' i
eative capitalism – if we can stretch the reach of market forces so that more
2 L5 }: `" u" L1 ?people can make a profit, or at least make a living, serving people who are s " L s3 b- a: ]% G' W
uffering from the worst inequities. We also can press governments around the w % V& h9 B% E/ G& \
orld to spend taxpayer money in ways that better reflect the values of the peo 6 l3 C6 v4 Y% d! G& `* n
ple who pay the taxes. ! \" {5 O8 V6 |" X+ l+ G( r
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我们可以让市场更好地为穷人服务,如果我们能够设计出一种更有创新性的资本主义制度 ! u4 d7 [# q& J& ]! K3 [1 Z
——如果我们可以改变市场,让更多的人可以获得利润,或者至少可以维持生活——那么 . P, s+ g% G: x% K6 r }9 ?& ~! \
,这就可以帮到那些正在极端不平等的状况中受苦的人们。我们还可以向全世界的政府施 # z( s$ ]0 K7 ?, U3 ^: I1 e! ~. L. q- C
压,要求他们将纳税人的钱,花到更符合纳税人价值观的地方。
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6 L8 O/ e- W% ?' B( U+ v L: MIf we can find approaches that meet the needs of the poor in ways that generat ; U. i/ x6 H4 l4 _5 ^' ]
e profits for business and votes for politicians, we will have found a sustain
% ^6 E3 b* Z# ^able way to reduce inequity in the world. This task is open-ended. It can neve
# O) Q, }6 a5 N3 j- u) c. mr be finished. But a conscious effort to answer this challenge will change the
) i5 y2 v3 f* J, z( @3 ?! Gworld.
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! A8 K4 {4 Q/ K- m& W如果我们能够找到这样一种方法,既可以帮到穷人,又可以为商人带来利润,为政治家带
; [4 {" {0 T* p9 L. Z- a/ r0 M+ r( U来选票,那么我们就找到了一种减少世界性不平等的可持续的发展道路。这个任务是无限
! ?2 z: s) s: q( a/ F的。它不可能被完全完成,但是任何自觉地解决这个问题的尝试,都将会改变这个世界。
: n* p5 f( g% w: s8 X
( ]; T3 ^/ {' y9 u$ R: w* [
3 v4 g/ Y/ z; ]4 k5 b+ qI am optimistic that we can do this, but I talk to skeptics who claim there is & n2 s1 |! g) [ X
no hope. They say: "Inequity has been with us since the beginning, and will b " i3 X+ q9 C/ o4 q; C
e with us till the end – because people just … don't … care." I completely ' s2 C( h/ d1 U: l+ L
disagree.
* |* h) ^: s M" {: {/ L5 _# t' C6 V1 o+ @" x) b r. | U& N% n" P
在这个问题上,我是乐观的。但是,我也遇到过那些感到绝望的怀疑主义者。他们说:“ , E! |- v9 q+ V2 s) a8 W. k
不平等从人类诞生的第一天就存在,到人类灭亡的最后一天也将存在。——因为人类对这 ' r' S( C0 F1 J' L
个问题根本不在乎。”我完全不能同意这种观点。
6 ~- ]0 R7 a% y: z- I5 Z" t! B" @ p, A) x: H& q% c" v3 N
I believe we have more caring than we know what to do with. , i: t# r- e2 O7 h
) m. ?5 ?$ L, } t: g& p我相信,问题不是我们不在乎,而是我们不知道怎么做。 # C" p5 k. G) R" f, c, G
1 `: V8 }. W7 q* kAll of us here in this Yard, at one time or another, have seen human tragedies
/ S1 G# N0 R: w. k2 g3 N& H! rthat broke our hearts, and yet we did nothing – not because we didn't care,
, J) v+ Q7 ?5 ~but because we didn't know what to do. If we had known how to help, we would h
: C, k+ D: M( }; E% {7 u) lave acted. 2 Q' \' V" c% ^5 o6 L! g
* `2 O. K. _: x6 l! s: {此刻在这个院子里的所有人,生命中总有这样或那样的时刻,目睹人类的悲剧,感到万分
% f7 j* n7 ?) j+ f0 e伤心。但是我们什么也没做,并非我们无动于衷,而是因为我们不知道做什么和怎么做。
! U# c" q4 B; q* a' J; a如果我们知道如何做是有效的,那么我们就会采取行动。 : F$ v A; h% G& `( `# a6 S$ x
/ m* a- A; N/ Y/ q- `The barrier to change is not too little caring; it is too much complexity. J! S6 ]+ n' i; M l( e B
7 g! w0 P3 o- p5 ^
改变世界的阻碍,并非人类的冷漠,而是世界实在太复杂。
O' F/ h# P3 a/ G' T- X$ W) L# Z e6 Y( h# s6 Y
To turn caring into action, we need to see a problem, see a solution, and see
' z- y) J d; x1 L4 t7 }the impact. But complexity blocks all three steps.
- g- K$ d7 w; d, H3 c! |- ~7 N# Z
: c* E$ @' y( L6 h5 P% y- ~$ S8 S6 ^为了将关心转变为行动,我们需要找到问题,发现解决办法的方法,评估后果。但是世界 $ |2 Q& B: m1 @2 b" D) e
的复杂性使得所有这些步骤都难于做到。
, v& Q8 D6 t; }% f" ?- [; o" f3 L1 v" A4 n8 E6 `' n
Even with the advent of the Internet and 24-hour news, it is still a complex e
$ [. z* |5 S; vnterprise to get people to truly see the problems. When an airplane crashes, o ) c5 r* A0 S @9 N4 y; I
fficials immediately call a press conference. They promise to investigate, det
8 h L; ?$ R6 X2 ?" h1 K8 qermine the cause, and prevent similar crashes in the future. 7 E. l+ o# W1 s
$ j( G' u. E1 b即使有了互联网和24小时直播的新闻台,让人们真正发现问题所在,仍然十分困难。当一
9 ^8 C! ]7 R% U- N1 B架飞机坠毁了,官员们会立刻召开新闻发布会,他们承诺进行调查、找到原因、防止将来 & R$ _0 F9 f$ ~
再次发生类似事故。 * n4 w9 U9 d. ]2 L, h
$ J2 I; w+ K1 @ E- _7 R: G B
But if the officials were brutally honest, they would say: "Of all the people 0 T: i P7 S4 f; i1 G" P( W( H _8 O
in the world who died today from preventable causes, one half of one percent o # V; o: s# ^( ^( ]( i; v5 T
f them were on this plane. We're determined to do everything possible to solve
& v4 H' O% o/ {2 }. Ythe problem that took the lives of the one half of one percent." # Y/ F3 d w" ^# W' [6 {. N
3 I) i9 y/ E; }: G( k% g7 m4 |
但是如果那些官员敢说真话,他们就会说:“在今天这一天,全世界所有可以避免的死亡 ; `( v7 L1 ?. `- q$ F
之中,只有0.5%的死者来自于这次空难。我们决心尽一切努力,调查这个0.5%的死亡原因 7 g# l" T; R& ^
。”
2 V1 ]6 L! t- s+ i
/ \! j! D1 }# C; g$ D1 R. RThe bigger problem is not the plane crash, but the millions of preventable dea " B# j; _9 M! F& Q( k7 `
ths. * A2 B; l0 t# f7 A: M9 d
, {% r9 y/ w+ |显然,更重要的问题不是这次空难,而是其他几百万可以预防的死亡事件。 4 x* O/ S X V
, Y6 Q; @7 N7 B/ X) H4 e+ R$ i7 sWe don't read much about these deaths. The media covers what's new – and mill
8 @' F% }- j7 Y% G+ ~! K( Aions of people dying is nothing new. So it stays in the background, where it's 6 ?: K, D ~* K- U# M1 L
easier to ignore. But even when we do see it or read about it, it's difficult
' L7 b5 d, W# B$ {to keep our eyes on the problem. It's hard to look at suffering if the situat
# D" M8 @* d0 M4 o+ ? c) `ion is so complex that we don't know how to help. And so we look away. 4 o: A: E- \1 ]+ S
, G# L6 G8 `& i5 ]) Z3 ^, ]7 O9 Z( n9 |我们并没有很多机会了解那些死亡事件。媒体总是报告新闻,几百万人将要死去并非新闻 : H4 a+ ]8 x$ _
。如果没有人报道,那么这些事件就很容易被忽视。另一方面,即使我们确实目睹了事件
7 A" h. g6 _/ {2 ], X$ f本身或者看到了相关报道,我们也很难持续关注这些事件。看着他人受苦是令人痛苦的,
3 j$ l, n' H$ R+ ?: [何况问题又如此复杂,我们根本不知道如何去帮助他人。所以我们会将脸转过去。 ( Z4 y4 ~1 t- k1 y x
. N4 J& V* K7 f* ?4 y9 f. S3 Z/ JIf we can really see a problem, which is the first step, we come to the second
3 d7 I8 R, ^! zstep: cutting through the complexity to find a solution. 1 q0 b2 \& [6 b: ^, g0 b; o ?
' N. g: t* X0 v( g$ |; X+ [% G& I就算我们真正发现了问题所在,也不过是迈出了第一步,接着还有第二步:那就是从复杂 ' Q3 |9 W* f# z$ i
的事件中找到解决办法。 4 O+ Z, S- i( k! z
! v# N* Q0 L" i }" e8 t
Finding solutions is essential if we want to make the most of our caring. If w
1 x- k! w) e8 n, K! P+ ^e have clear and proven answers anytime an organization or individual asks "Ho
( A- O: U% u3 `$ d' \$ ~% m, a- S. Yw can I help?," then we can get action – and we can make sure that none of th
8 A8 q9 Z* j5 E3 Le caring in the world is wasted. But complexity makes it hard to mark a path o 7 c* L, Q) ~6 [! D; p! g5 I6 i
f action for everyone who cares — and that makes it hard for their caring to O0 Z6 }' `, }7 S
matter. / p4 m: [7 _- B3 D. b
, V) l# q" W! U
如果我们要让关心落到实处,我们就必须找到解决办法。如果我们有一个清晰的和可靠的 ?$ i1 F7 o& E* o
答案,那么当任何组织和个人发出疑问“如何我能提供帮助”的时候,我们就能采取行动 , m' f8 l, @% `7 C: P) p
。我们就能够保证不浪费一丁点全世界人类对他人的关心。但是,世界的复杂性使得很难 " N) J( B8 i( U/ _. E; f
找到对全世界每一个有爱心的人都有效的行动方法,因此人类对他人的关心往往很难产生 3 R; a* V5 f9 V b& \. U8 \ m; n
实际效果。
+ p# Z/ ?! t5 E# A3 _7 Q9 @: H, K" ~) }6 x& z5 A
Cutting through complexity to find a solution runs through four predictable st 2 t2 p/ a0 o, k2 v+ Q4 }
ages: determine a goal, find the highest-leverage approach, discover the ideal % E6 ?! J' p4 M
technology for that approach, and in the meantime, make the smartest applicat , Z/ M0 t9 g, ^
ion of the technology that you already have — whether it's something sophisti ( I" M; @( [, I9 Z- A
cated, like a drug, or something simpler, like a bednet.
6 ^8 |0 z" H- e3 ~' l Z l* l7 d, H+ }8 {1 z* w5 ~
从这个复杂的世界中找到解决办法,可以分为四个步骤:确定目标,找到最高效的方法, " \$ w$ J9 g4 Z j, P2 z
发现适用于这个方法的新技术,同时最聪明地利用现有的技术,不管它是复杂的药物,还 : W) C/ q2 r1 t3 M4 i, {
是最简单的蚊帐。
5 `1 w( Q8 p" q- S' k
9 L" g$ T2 A- t% n1 U6 x& ~The AIDS epidemic offers an example. The broad goal, of course, is to end the 3 W4 m9 n0 H9 K2 k: |; A7 |
disease. The highest-leverage approach is prevention. The ideal technology wou * [ t. I1 v$ l
ld be a vaccine that gives lifetime immunity with a single dose. So government 3 d% a1 e0 D V& k$ q
s, drug companies, and foundations fund vaccine research. But their work is li + ]2 |" e0 ^; @) d# h
kely to take more than a decade, so in the meantime, we have to work with what : D8 P5 y' ~2 S
we have in hand – and the best prevention approach we have now is getting pe
' v# }! `) E: E! G! n7 {ople to avoid risky behavior.
0 p9 Z& O; _' ?7 R+ O6 f# L7 P! y8 N3 ]% q4 M
艾滋病就是一个例子。总的目标,毫无疑问是消灭这种疾病。最高效的方法是预防。最理
% G% Q/ a# j; I' e想的技术是发明一种疫苗,只要注射一次,就可以终生免疫。所以,政府、制药公司、基 8 ^8 b3 C' e# x6 l
金会应该资助疫苗研究。但是,这样研究工作很可能十年之内都无法完成。因此,与此同
5 E6 e9 D K# Q4 e8 B$ \时,我们必须使用现有的技术,目前最有效的预防方法就是设法让人们避免那些危险的行 " j. {4 p7 M- ?; J8 h; g* J- i7 @
为。 ^- x0 Y. l1 D
! b& V( V/ p2 b3 f' R2 {Pursuing that goal starts the four-step cycle again. This is the pattern. The
% k# V, O/ b4 ]) C9 Icrucial thing is to never stop thinking and working – and never do what we di
# t' K. _1 o) g6 | e' }d with malaria and tuberculosis in the 20th century – which is to surrender t , S% X5 g5 `8 c/ h6 m
o complexity and quit. 3 O2 p+ n# N( T3 l# F9 w1 _; r
1 B3 q5 |# x% L% `
要实现这个新的目标,又可以采用新的四步循环。这是一种模式。关键的东西是永远不要
+ l( B) R( F! }停止思考和行动。我们千万不能再犯上个世纪在疟疾和肺结核上犯过的错误,那时我们因 5 M$ V$ y9 G7 S! I/ T2 S" d
为它们太复杂,而放弃了采取行动。
% S9 Y1 ?9 i& ]- o) L* J' v* f& `& W- u+ H$ B
The final step – after seeing the problem and finding an approach – is to me
) S3 [; a2 o) k' d( j& p# Easure the impact of your work and share your successes and failures so that ot
' s, H* b' w# e" R3 g( t; g5 Jhers learn from your efforts. 5 z5 o% s5 q/ A; C
6 H* a& Q) W1 j0 t1 h) E
在发现问题和找到解决方法之后,就是最后一步——评估工作结果,将你的成功经验或者
( V9 J8 v7 H1 x4 v失败经验传播出去,这样其他人就可以从你的努力中有所收获。 ; T1 _8 g) T! D9 O8 e2 o
1 R3 z" A( U1 [2 ^7 ~ m9 \2 HYou have to have the statistics, of course. You have to be able to show that a # J, \# l6 F2 ^, b
program is vaccinating millions more children. You have to be able to show a 0 S8 u" l, e9 E! T Y
decline in the number of children dying from these diseases. This is essential
( t5 ^( n$ g' t& |: G) y6 Xnot just to improve the program, but also to help draw more investment from b ; `3 B/ o( S( T& ?0 k! \
usiness and government.
$ d, Y) E h7 N- p
) i; M! Y* P9 U. Z0 m当然,你必须有一些统计数字。你必须让他人知道,你的项目为几百万儿童新接种了疫苗
4 Z0 U. ~) r) o @( |6 y3 e8 T: Q5 Z。你也必须让他人知道,儿童死亡人数下降了多少。这些都是很关键的,不仅有利于改善 ( T/ W @% y2 y8 H3 H
项目效果,也有利于从商界和政府得到更多的帮助。
! z T0 T+ m9 D8 a& z$ ^ H& Z4 N# u! L6 R
But if you want to inspire people to participate, you have to show more than n 2 m+ W; }7 |$ K- D% Y4 T* G. B
umbers; you have to convey the human impact of the work – so people can feel ( Q$ ?, {) H6 Q
what saving a life means to the families affected.
, e1 f8 p4 I) Q6 B3 \; ~- |- @8 A8 y6 G: m, N- t
但是,这些还不够,如果你想激励其他人参加你的项目,你就必须拿出更多的统计数字;
( R4 ~) D4 A: m5 S( @你必须展示你的项目的人性因素,这样其他人就会感到拯救一个生命,对那些处在困境中 - A0 ^8 X! e' m' R
的家庭到底意味着什么。
( Z% |) Y5 e0 B2 ^/ M4 v( n) j0 C
1 \+ Y5 J( m' @6 P+ a/ lI remember going to Davos some years back and sitting on a global health panel " t/ Z @. S+ ?
that was discussing ways to save millions of lives. Millions! Think of the th
% p1 A# B, s6 ]2 R% a" zrill of saving just one person's life – then multiply that by millions. … Ye
* g# r& }! k+ H6 Dt this was the most boring panel I've ever been on – ever. So boring even I c
9 W4 e, j$ @1 R5 c" S J2 Qouldn't bear it. 1 P- D( H P1 g
# M! I- h/ `: P- e1 r9 v& I5 x
几年前,我去瑞士达沃斯旁听一个全球健康问题论坛,会议的内容有关于如何拯救几百万 1 \" C' t: K* ]% p% N
条生命。天哪,是几百万!想一想吧,拯救一个人的生命已经让人何等激动,现在你要把 " d% m6 e2 B8 @. r. ]( c; I/ `
这种激动再乘上几百万倍……但是,不幸的是,这是我参加过的最最乏味的论坛,乏味到
9 v2 e0 K* |$ I6 c8 m我无法强迫自己听下去。
9 g, l7 k$ r9 h5 Z R/ i( |+ p* c, Y* n. j& C7 J% J
What made that experience especially striking was that I had just come from an 6 h: l0 h; c+ U6 Q$ k! I
event where we were introducing version 13 of some piece of software, and we
2 n& ]' {# V9 y/ Q; F. c& u2 N. Hhad people jumping and shouting with excitement. I love getting people excited
) @9 O c5 }0 N9 b3 K8 Yabout software – but why can't we generate even more excitement for saving l * ]1 }1 h0 ]( i6 i
ives? / ~: ]! L9 i! ], b& s v5 D, b7 p1 y8 O
9 \" i2 Q) R( x8 ]那次经历之所以让我难忘,是因为之前我们刚刚发布了一个软件的第13个版本,我们让观 ! w# U! m2 L( [ E
众激动得跳了起来,喊出了声。我喜欢人们因为软件而感到激动,那么我们为什么不能够
) A- [. L9 X/ Y u让人们因为能够拯救生命而感到更加激动呢?
7 r3 [- D" b/ n9 C: l7 X0 q ^+ D7 A+ k
You can't get people excited unless you can help them see and feel the impact.
$ o- i0 k6 z3 vAnd how you do that – is a complex question. ' @5 k7 G8 v* j- q( N- ]( b6 M6 G
4 r( V/ P6 b5 `/ h! \除非你能够让人们看到或者感受到行动的影响力,否则你无法让人们激动。如何做到这一
& |% W4 A; i' f% X o1 D$ `+ G点,并不是一件简单的事。 # s# f, e, P" g7 K, R# Y' w
3 x4 g' d; X% R
Still, I'm optimistic. Yes, inequity has been with us forever, but the new too
! p; Y/ m7 D. {5 |ls we have to cut through complexity have not been with us forever. They are n 8 x4 W1 X2 ?' N y
ew – they can help us make the most of our caring – and that's why the futur 0 C/ @, l6 e5 S
e can be different from the past.
B, r- ^/ u3 `3 {( S* J6 l1 A
. u' v- C/ U% j# T同前面一样,在这个问题上,我依然是乐观的。不错,人类的不平等有史以来一直存在, " W, w# ]. H& i0 K5 E1 E
但是那些能够化繁为简的新工具,却是最近才出现的。这些新工具可以帮助我们,将人类 ) O N- h5 r& ^1 k. J$ j: I, ]5 J c
的同情心发挥最大的作用,这就是为什么将来同过去是不一样的。
' _* v3 W) t3 h
3 l* e9 c% b' a1 iThe defining and ongoing innovations of this age – biotechnology, the compute ( F0 f; l. U# r3 X, n3 p" ]- w
r, the Internet – give us a chance we've never had before to end extreme pove
( j6 x' a& `" a, n3 ~5 p7 H4 Mrty and end death from preventable disease.
" k+ a4 F' f8 Y1 O7 N* H5 |) Q% Z/ D
! K) g/ | w& ~6 V, ~, { o. f这个时代无时无刻不在涌现出新的革新——生物技术,计算机,互联网——它们给了我们
4 r2 q# R V5 H& Z一个从未有过的机会,去终结那些极端的贫穷和非恶性疾病的死亡。
. F/ d6 }9 y0 t5 X+ U. a7 C7 a5 B7 I: `
Sixty years ago, George Marshall came to this commencement and announced a pla ; b( d# }( x. S" s
n to assist the nations of post-war Europe. He said: "I think one difficulty i , ^! C, A, s4 L# E8 N; |
s that the problem is one of such enormous complexity that the very mass of fa ( B* ~4 W; B/ X) x
cts presented to the public by press and radio make it exceedingly difficult f 1 W. H% l& S; z: t# C. ^7 [
or the man in the street to reach a clear appraisement of the situation. It is 1 e- E1 |8 K/ Z4 |9 |# d; @ x; \" h: o
virtually impossible at this distance to grasp at all the real significance o ( U' _6 E9 h Z
f the situation."
# {+ t$ B3 s0 s3 `. M& a6 s3 N( ^& ~ y V
六十年前,乔治·马歇尔也是在这个地方的毕业典礼上,宣布了一个计划,帮助那些欧洲
, s9 j' }# H u' o国家的战后建设。他说:“我认为,困难的一点是这个问题太复杂,报纸和电台向公众源
- W1 f6 n. i6 {& L源不断地提供各种事实,使得大街上的普通人极端难于清晰地判断形势。事实上,经过层 3 e, q$ S7 k s% T- v0 K- b
层传播,想要真正地把握形势,是根本不可能的。” l: G2 Z; r- K5 t* t( M* a
- E; \) Q' q9 w m9 DThirty years after Marshall made his address, as my class graduated without me + y4 s! X$ h, a9 \* J3 y( g
, technology was emerging that would make the world smaller, more open, more v
+ n) M! E( y. l2 _! B0 q' C: Risible, less distant. * h* c9 U$ W5 v* m( G; g/ V
! L: M$ R4 j* F8 E+ v3 k
马歇尔发表这个演讲之后的三十年,我那一届学生毕业,当然我不在其中。那时,新技术
- B5 T( F- u- s% Z0 J! E; _刚刚开始萌芽,它们将使得这个世界变得更小、更开放、更容易看到、距离更近。 ' E( N2 t3 C, C& |
5 L+ X- j2 d) N2 Y. bThe emergence of low-cost personal computers gave rise to a powerful network t ) X# u8 v6 f; n7 J
hat has transformed opportunities for learning and communicating.
1 e: S! m- }0 w3 {0 }$ l V5 E" y9 ?5 I* z
低成本的个人电脑的出现,使得一个强大的互联网有机会诞生,它为学习和交流提供了巨
+ B* U, ~" d3 e8 U5 M) U大的机会。
5 }% P9 l+ _7 a% c$ [' S& [' H7 ]5 }1 O
The magical thing about this network is not just that it collapses distance an & h0 {2 K4 T' \2 G8 ~, @4 S' Q6 |
d makes everyone your neighbor. It also dramatically increases the number of b ! O8 ^- t: t6 D. ^/ c
rilliant minds we can have working together on the same problem – and that sc 0 Z" x% C# o# c0 P% ]
ales up the rate of innovation to a staggering degree.
0 p6 }/ g. A4 A* f T
+ Y% ~4 u1 E0 h8 Q3 r% \- x4 S; u5 _网络的神奇之处,不仅仅是它缩短了物理距离,使得天涯若比邻。它还极大地增加了怀有
1 z2 J6 }. T$ Z# M+ I# b共同想法的人们聚集在一起的机会,我们可以为了解决同一个问题,一起共同工作。这就
/ `. s( `* Q. p- L! D7 v- C) U大大加快了革新的进程,发展速度简直快得让人震惊。 - ]1 F7 H- c/ t6 _
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At the same time, for every person in the world who has access to this technol + S1 t) B+ R0 j/ T- d1 y
ogy, five people don't. That means many creative minds are left out of this di 2 l. ?. s0 T0 Y* T
scussion -- smart people with practical intelligence and relevant experience w
4 m8 [* n5 |2 P: J, `, ^ho don't have the technology to hone their talents or contribute their ideas t
9 w+ z& N5 K& To the world. ) B; [( i- d* J% D/ H1 q5 c
" @8 C. w* K d% A* e" c* |8 Z L与此同时,世界上有条件上网的人,只是全部人口的六分之一。这意味着,还有许多具有
! _+ H9 j4 d8 T1 v7 Z. N创造性的人们,没有加入到我们的讨论中来。那些有着实际的操作经验和相关经历的聪明 / |0 G4 S8 ?5 }" K( c. g {
人,却没有技术来帮助他们,将他们的天赋或者想法与全世界分享。 # O" d! o% y k3 C i, X
A! X, J' J( L2 Z
We need as many people as possible to have access to this technology, because - Q+ V1 C, z" P- c3 c2 \
these advances are triggering a revolution in what human beings can do for one L; T; g) M6 C! E/ x3 b+ ]
another. They are making it possible not just for national governments, but f + _; f% p# H. w5 H6 b) j
or universities, corporations, smaller organizations, and even individuals to
/ r4 s4 m J6 \- e/ hsee problems, see approaches, and measure the impact of their efforts to addre $ N' s4 Y$ T5 ^7 w/ u0 v
ss the hunger, poverty, and desperation George Marshall spoke of 60 years ago.
/ |: u- l$ V7 S# g# g; [% [$ M0 n J) Q4 A
+ \& u! _& W! y8 J/ u% p
我们需要尽可能地让更多的人有机会使用新技术,因为这些新技术正在引发一场革命,人 ( ^: O/ p5 n: m; ^" F
类将因此可以互相帮助。新技术正在创造一种可能,不仅是政府,还包括大学、公司、小 / D) Y; w/ B7 A9 s5 Z
机构、甚至个人,能够发现问题所在、能够找到解决办法、能够评估他们努力的效果,去
: e% @/ v- c6 I* k, L6 u" j7 Q改变那些马歇尔六十年前就说到过的问题——饥饿、贫穷和绝望。
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! r, P0 L: f* T E- |9 `( nMembers of the Harvard Family: Here in the Yard is one of the great collection % l" _6 `6 z0 L2 T0 W
s of intellectual talent in the world. . s$ q% i* L/ d& F. D
2 A& c/ w3 C, A0 ^( G2 Y哈佛是一个大家庭。这个院子里在场的人们,是全世界最有智力的人类群体之一。 # P. j: w- v- e, h9 U/ i
0 X k( Z3 j4 p. F$ @What for?
. a. n$ y, t* V& Z0 g! z9 n) w
]9 a* G I3 _我们可以做些什么?
( w5 R, j( a; m6 w; r. {+ v1 e0 M; h' D0 r9 X
There is no question that the faculty, the alumni, the students, and the benef
* P) J3 t& f' R' ^( O( q8 Sactors of Harvard have used their power to improve the lives of people here an / g0 c3 q0 I- y2 J* j
d around the world. But can we do more? Can Harvard dedicate its intellect to
9 w1 C/ Y6 z% uimproving the lives of people who will never even hear its name?
4 I6 u& o, m/ ]) e% v6 V# b, V5 f4 r0 f6 `4 S4 V5 j5 m! a
毫无疑问,哈佛的老师、校友、学生和资助者,已经用他们的能力改善了全世界各地人们 7 h& q5 p" ^3 ?: ^; e( o3 [
的生活。但是,我们还能够再做什么呢?有没有可能,哈佛的人们可以将他们的智慧,用
0 z9 L5 D( K% ^. G) c% x* }" I2 y来帮助那些甚至从来没有听到过“哈佛”这个名字的人? % |( @0 r1 A0 p2 V$ u
* R2 `! l8 e: i4 v2 j3 ELet me make a request of the deans and the professors – the intellectual lead 0 \5 Z; [9 d" Z; | [
ers here at Harvard: As you hire new faculty, award tenure, review curriculum,
, h7 ]2 I* r6 m6 Aand determine degree requirements, please ask yourselves:
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2 _! K4 f" W+ v" W5 I请允许我向各位院长和教授,提出一个请求——你们是哈佛的智力领袖,当你们雇用新的 9 n. ?2 W: a8 F, L8 r
老师、授予终身教职、评估课程、决定学位颁发标准的时候,请问你们自己如下的问题:
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0 t* q6 \; [, }# bShould our best minds be dedicated to solving our biggest problems?
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4 q0 n9 `3 c, ?* \& K# c我们最优秀的人才是否在致力于解决我们最大的问题? " q3 E$ e0 m( C6 B
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Should Harvard encourage its faculty to take on the world's worst inequities?
- u* J, o, f" V" T; L7 B) vShould Harvard students learn about the depth of global poverty … the prevale ; v( A; N8 G8 r6 ~: }
nce of world hunger … the scarcity of clean water …the girls kept out of sch
% {; X' R' |6 V' f( f: }ool … the children who die from diseases we can cure? + O. L. L' K8 R$ S- ^, C3 M* T- @4 Q
0 y. Z; \3 j0 Q$ e0 c5 D6 D
哈佛是否鼓励她的老师去研究解决世界上最严重的不平等?哈佛的学生是否从全球那些极 ) n, \! ?( U# @0 ?, d; z
端的贫穷中学到了什么……世界性的饥荒……清洁的水资源的缺乏……无法上学的女童…
. k6 v9 _; P( V7 ?3 e( \3 j1 p…死于非恶性疾病的儿童……哈佛的学生有没有从中学到东西?
T7 @ W& m0 w2 U+ w2 z @8 @/ `) M4 l
Should the world's most privileged people learn about the lives of the world's 2 ^' l8 `* m2 n& y
least privileged? " J9 R$ A+ Q9 u3 X, Y
8 R) a+ E/ Q9 `
那些世界上过着最优越生活的人们,有没有从那些最困难的人们身上学到东西?
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" T" A' e* e6 a0 _+ x# ^3 sThese are not rhetorical questions – you will answer with your policies.
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' C7 n3 D) b9 L3 `8 k+ I这些问题并非语言上的修辞。你必须用自己的行动来回答它们。 8 j @) m$ R6 ~0 x C2 f
& `9 `4 U6 d; m' ^: J/ V' K* H% XMy mother, who was filled with pride the day I was admitted here – never stop
1 \+ ?; k1 k* o5 a6 nped pressing me to do more for others. A few days before my wedding, she hoste
# S% P" }/ s( O. Y1 {( i qd a bridal event, at which she read aloud a letter about marriage that she had ; h* Q. H$ Y* I; E& q6 n
written to Melinda. My mother was very ill with cancer at the time, but she s ( Y' |+ |* u. p$ m
aw one more opportunity to deliver her message, and at the close of the letter % a$ O" u9 ?* [6 O
she said: "From those to whom much is given, much is expected." ! ]7 G5 [' [" w0 }) Y/ q& ~2 T1 D; c
' h. ]. r! U, U7 t# r我的母亲在我被哈佛大学录取的那一天,曾经感到非常骄傲。她从没有停止督促我,去为
8 M3 ^! ^9 |: Q, m* }. w他人做更多的事情。在我结婚的前几天,她主持了一个新娘进我家的仪式。在这个仪式上 ) `0 b n/ v" u$ [. G
,她高声朗读了一封关于婚姻的信,这是她写给Melinda的。那时,我的母亲已经因为癌症
# y, P: f& ?# U" s病入膏肓,但是她还是认为这是又一个传播她的信念的机会。在那封信的结尾,她写道:
# \! p% L D" Y“对于那些接受了许多帮助的人们,他们还在期待更多的帮助。你的能力越大,人们对你 ) r; ~; Q/ N+ r* ]' n. K ^) D
的期望也就越大。” ( `% }' K8 q9 ` c* G
5 {2 D5 _8 a) I4 a8 H- JWhen you consider what those of us here in this Yard have been given – in tal & C, C) Y. r; V& s( a
ent, privilege, and opportunity – there is almost no limit to what the world 5 y+ @# s X! R* n z2 u' n+ `
has a right to expect from us.
4 h2 y8 O% a. w! F% u4 r A+ T8 q! z* }* H, q
想一想吧,我们在这个院子里的这些人,被给予过什么——天赋、特权、机遇——那么可 . D% Q! E. y& o: U
以这样说,全世界的人们几乎有无限的权力,期待我们做出贡献。
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In line with the promise of this age, I want to exhort each of the graduates h
2 k' `- u: R/ X, b5 l7 b% Yere to take on an issue – a complex problem, a deep inequity, and become a sp ! k5 B: e6 {" |" ~0 F! K3 ~& q
ecialist on it. If you make it the focus of your career, that would be phenome
" ?9 g( o% \! {! _* G4 _0 Lnal. But you don't have to do that to make an impact. For a few hours every we ' Y% N/ }$ P. R( j6 u
ek, you can use the growing power of the Internet to get informed, find others 4 t/ D9 C: j7 e; A$ H' }4 b( t
with the same interests, see the barriers, and find ways to cut through them. ) o, x/ } S' w$ R4 [
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同这个时代的期望一样,我也要向今天各位毕业的同学提出一个忠告:你们要选择一个问 . j) ~ F1 r7 ~& m7 G* M
题,一个复杂的问题,一个有关于人类深刻的不平等的问题,然后你们要变成这个问题的 ) b P% [6 U" [+ r- P9 e5 K
专家。如果你们能够使得这个问题成为你们职业的核心,那么你们就会非常杰出。但是,
% a, s* r; M7 X, d9 k7 U! x) {你们不必一定要去做那些大事。每个星期只用几个小时,你就可以通过互联网得到信息,
' N2 e2 l8 z# Z0 q5 H4 ]% c+ N1 Y0 h找到志同道合的朋友,发现困难所在,找到解决它们的途径。 . Y% {- ~+ E" w5 |2 E6 ]* l! Y3 N
! v9 l9 @4 a& gDon't let complexity stop you. Be activists. Take on the big inequities. It wi % T8 M5 H b( b( C. r8 b! b3 A: u6 T
ll be one of the great experiences of your lives.
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不要让这个世界的复杂性阻碍你前进。要成为一个行动主义者。将解决人类的不平等视为 + E$ i1 U d1 [8 i8 H
己任。它将成为你生命中最重要的经历之一。
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You graduates are coming of age in an amazing time. As you leave Harvard, you ; _8 f" c5 @4 O0 \
have technology that members of my class never had. You have awareness of glob
! b/ B$ r/ n6 g9 X4 |. yal inequity, which we did not have. And with that awareness, you likely also h $ z! m5 Z/ h6 P, P
ave an informed conscience that will torment you if you abandon these people w
0 `2 q( S: S7 |$ n+ Qhose lives you could change with very little effort. You have more than we had
6 X8 P% k9 ~: b8 U' p; you must start sooner, and carry on longer. 4 z- [- o o z! q
4 C0 @- F, @0 Y! W; e/ t在座的各位毕业的同学,你们所处的时代是一个神奇的时代。当你们离开哈佛的时候,你
0 f- o: L$ D, t$ Y _9 z4 j- {们拥有的技术,是我们那一届学生所没有的。你们已经了解到了世界上的不平等,我们那
3 F* @( B1 g- }) T4 ^3 \, X时还不知道这些。有了这样的了解之后,要是你再弃那些你可以帮助的人们于不顾,就将 , ~% ~8 O' _ n f% E) |4 u0 i
受到良心的谴责,只需一点小小的努力,你就可以改变那些人们的生活。你们比我们拥有 8 }9 h$ ]0 w0 T5 G
更大的能力;你们必须尽早开始,尽可能长时期坚持下去。
5 w3 j5 B: @) z1 q& t. I
* [6 |1 d6 x5 oKnowing what you know, how could you not? : q/ @( P S! H' e7 i: T
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知道了你们所知道的一切,你们怎么可能不采取行动呢? # t$ K4 c1 k5 L, `' }
. X+ c, ~2 A4 C' \- S( UAnd I hope you will come back here to Harvard 30 years from now and reflect on
- r+ @' Z ^3 g& |) L. r1 A# I' rwhat you have done with your talent and your energy. I hope you will judge yo
9 G; H" C4 d/ H5 R7 i/ G9 n8 ~- Qurselves not on your professional accomplishments alone, but also on how well 5 |$ D0 h* m$ g. u( n* H9 I
you have addressed the world's deepest inequities … on how well you treated p
3 o) v# h9 F. D& l5 {7 Leople a world away who have nothing in common with you but their humanity. ; Q7 r7 k5 w. T6 M, z6 |
* K0 ]7 W B! K. q! {( V$ Q
我希望,30年后你们还会再回到哈佛,想起你们用自己的天赋和能力所做出的一切。我希
( {$ y, [) W3 K0 j& F望,在那个时候,你们用来评价自己的标准,不仅仅是你们的专业成就,而包括你们为改
2 F4 V: y) V$ C变这个世界深刻的不平等所做出的努力,以及你们如何善待那些远隔千山万水、与你们毫 / z: g7 o" n4 [* ^
不涉及的人们,你们与他们唯一的共同点就是同为人类。 |
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