|
|
2008-11-02 01:02:11 来自: lightpie(上次登录还是1.5年前.....)
: V! q; B4 }$ Q6 [# y7 W比尔·盖茨在哈佛大学毕业典礼上的演讲
0 d- |; P5 M0 m, {% l( e
3 u# t0 ?$ O. U N2007年6月7日
6 p* Q& G0 J- m0 n M5 G4 I. q" q% h, u$ E
阮一峰 译 5 \* r$ k1 r% I$ n: Y0 L: ?: l& d4 e
! m3 y7 }5 z0 S/ x. C7 ?3 U
: I8 r: h/ S; n1 X
% } a7 {) i1 \- ~: `5 ^President Bok, former President Rudenstine, incoming President Faust, members
" W( `! ~ m, wof the Harvard Corporation and the Board of Overseers, members of the faculty, ) z) T7 x: k- w4 T* ]4 n2 ]* U& @
parents, and especially, the graduates:
) g; f9 q8 j6 q% P: d
" q# d+ a5 a; Q尊敬的Bok校长,Rudenstine前校长,即将上任的Faust校长,哈佛集团的各位成员,监管
: T' ?1 L! V2 F/ h理事会的各位理事,各位老师,各位家长,各位同学: 4 f6 [9 u( n8 L1 N( h5 y3 e( R. n
& x. P) x" k* P4 f' k7 y0 Q
I've been waiting more than 30 years to say this: "Dad, I always told you I'd 9 ]( C4 g' D; p% e5 c8 G
come back and get my degree."
( |: `0 A4 x* l' j9 V5 Z) d' E6 p$ T% u5 T9 k
有一句话我等了三十年,现在终于可以说了:“老爸,我总是跟你说,我会回来拿到我的 - c9 P1 g' j, _/ Y1 E
学位的!” 4 d! ]% e7 h+ B4 K4 Q( Y1 Z1 M. e
4 o$ I# t1 [# r% K8 o
I want to thank Harvard for this timely honor. I'll be changing my job next ye ; N: n( `- T) e- M/ r' R( D9 ?
ar … and it will be nice to finally have a college degree on my resume.
# o+ f4 ~$ \$ z3 F1 j+ Y2 m% g+ L% g& J
我要感谢哈佛大学在这个时候给我这个荣誉。明年,我就要换工作了(注:指从微软公司
% B& O9 x/ R6 `退休)……我终于可以在简历上写我有一个本科学位,这真是不错啊。
; y& I K) t% }& L& y [: T# R% d; K; r6 V& U( _- v
I applaud the graduates today for taking a much more direct route to your degr $ f0 L( k$ u) G" G+ v+ O
ees. For my part, I'm just happy that the Crimson has called me "Harvard's mos & A8 Q0 h `" `( V" z
t successful dropout." I guess that makes me valedictorian of my own special c
. q, e3 _7 L. A/ i$ Vlass … I did the best of everyone who failed.
: f p# @0 V: x9 l) ^) n0 K3 g" y, c7 h: T% X: _. x
我为今天在座的各位同学感到高兴,你们拿到学位可比我简单多了。哈佛的校报称我是“
$ f9 m: ]1 w: D+ U* Y: \' n; R1 H哈佛大学历史上最成功的辍学生”。我想这大概使我有资格代表我这一类学生发言……在
4 O2 ]. f2 n& ]! {8 E& x% p) n# R0 a4 ?所有的失败者里,我做得最好。 ! b6 z5 h4 n" s) R: F- Q4 q
: S- p9 w; {$ k: E% f/ h- O+ h% T
But I also want to be recognized as the guy who got Steve Ballmer to drop out
0 e0 W6 F% u/ |+ ~) F6 K2 |of business school. I'm a bad influence. That's why I was invited to speak at 1 U5 ^3 w* K& {* W
your graduation. If I had spoken at your orientation, fewer of you might be he
3 R! N* R6 I6 m. \) c8 ], ^re today.
2 W+ F4 P, E5 Z
- z6 n& o3 x+ `+ [. ?2 Q0 Q6 K% G* n$ e但是,我还要提醒大家,我使得Steve Ballmer(注:微软总经理)也从哈佛商学院退学了
4 x* R. Z& }" j。因此,我是个有着恶劣影响力的人。这就是为什么我被邀请来在你们的毕业典礼上演讲 4 \9 ?5 M" t* g, q/ S
。如果我在你们入学欢迎仪式上演讲,那么能够坚持到今天在这里毕业的人也许会少得多 & t7 j. v- E1 d/ U6 O! x$ L
吧。
, O8 j4 Q V% M7 I9 M0 t- U9 J( D7 ~2 L& I! R5 e
Harvard was just a phenomenal experience for me. Academic life was fascinating
* m5 p# ^: ] x( i$ z. I used to sit in on lots of classes I hadn't even signed up for. And dorm li % |; a/ ^7 U# P2 g2 h4 n5 C
fe was terrific. I lived up at Radcliffe, in Currier House. There were always 7 [: F' k: h& w$ K) v4 O8 ^- m6 |
lots of people in my dorm room late at night discussing things, because everyo
5 U: ?8 v8 U9 q& rne knew I didn't worry about getting up in the morning. That's how I came to b
) z C2 p2 [8 b' v/ be the leader of the anti-social group. We clung to each other as a way of vali
0 s) Q7 b( G. j, M1 Mdating our rejection of all those social people. 6 _ X9 B; l; p
3 n5 f9 w" G! O1 t
对我来说,哈佛的求学经历是一段非凡的经历。校园生活很有趣,我常去旁听我没选修的 + ]9 Z6 d4 z; _5 K4 w9 ]! K
课。哈佛的课外生活也很棒,我在Radcliffe过着逍遥自在的日子。每天我的寝室里总有很 " O* t% \) D- E, A: ?: R
多人一直待到半夜,讨论着各种事情。因为每个人都知道我从不考虑第二天早起。这使得
! s( d$ X' O# E7 _. C; m- O _我变成了校园里那些不安分学生的头头,我们互相粘在一起,做出一种拒绝所有正常学生
; x0 {3 e* n1 F& X的姿态。 + p( V9 j/ \; `/ \
u1 X: M- W9 z9 z* U% q( m3 ^
Radcliffe was a great place to live. There were more women up there, and most
3 O) i2 M# p8 J2 hof the guys were science-math types. That combination offered me the best odds
/ m6 p; ^/ ]% i4 J, f, if you know what I mean. This is where I learned the sad lesson that improvi
# ?4 Q- f* x) {1 f* { ^) `ng your odds doesn't guarantee success.
0 f( T$ v% z5 w3 |( H) k7 G) S# N* A% q; l b' v& Y, H2 Y" f5 X k
Radcliffe是个过日子的好地方。那里的女生比男生多,而且大多数男生都是理工科的。这 5 E0 e- H( s( S2 O
种状况为我创造了最好的机会,如果你们明白我的意思。可惜的是,我正是在这里学到了 ( e9 c+ m: W& y( ~9 M1 j
人生中悲伤的一课:机会大,并不等于你就会成功。
% R V; q3 Z6 S
2 w9 { y0 b+ o% d6 d: Z# p' tOne of my biggest memories of Harvard came in January 1975, when I made a call
+ o: M) a' N9 m. H+ r9 Y% Ifrom Currier House to a company in Albuquerque that had begun making the worl ' z5 n! B4 L, O, e1 N6 M+ k
d's first personal computers. I offered to sell them software. ; x( V- Q7 n2 {5 Z
R, f. l/ e6 C5 k$ B y
我在哈佛最难忘的回忆之一,发生在1975年1月。那时,我从宿舍楼里给位于Albuquerque
7 S" P* v1 z, d1 C3 l! p的一家公司打了一个电话,那家公司已经在着手制造世界上第一台个人电脑。我提出想向 , m% P+ v* C$ Q; [- r4 T
他们出售软件。 4 M7 l% T; B( A. D4 o
1 J1 ~& K6 _# `. h
I worried that they would realize I was just a student in a dorm and hang up o
" A8 c0 @1 m, En me. Instead they said: "We're not quite ready, come see us in a month," whic
2 |7 H: B) A* _5 |+ v$ ]3 Ph was a good thing, because we hadn't written the software yet. From that mome
2 U, V$ [- P9 }nt, I worked day and night on this little extra credit project that marked the
& L" @- n" k) X. p* B' |. s! dend of my college education and the beginning of a remarkable journey with Mi
$ I: `- ]# Q0 C4 r$ Lcrosoft. * L2 m8 z3 u! R1 I9 ]7 p9 P
' I. n: {" S% t, D/ w
我很担心,他们会发觉我是一个住在宿舍的学生,从而挂断电话。但是他们却说:“我们 7 {5 K% n; x; _2 S- G
还没准备好,一个月后你再来找我们吧。”这是个好消息,因为那时软件还根本没有写出
7 k' x: g! y! Z4 e# B+ [6 [来呢。就是从那个时候起,我日以继夜地在这个小小的课外项目上工作,这导致了我学生
# L2 ~+ s O$ u; b" G# L生活的结束,以及通往微软公司的不平凡的旅程的开始。 ' M1 X6 @) G/ E2 T' r* ]* k
/ x: N! `, y2 W* q9 S2 c
What I remember above all about Harvard was being in the midst of so much ener
S! N% O% F( B; I* egy and intelligence. It could be exhilarating, intimidating, sometimes even di + d. P* a' i3 S8 h
scouraging, but always challenging. It was an amazing privilege – and though
. ?- |( t# I: q. D& ~$ m. O1 g) pI left early, I was transformed by my years at Harvard, the friendships I made
: ^& @0 f9 k3 f* W( W- T, and the ideas I worked on.
, N/ `" Y& o9 O) U: @
, C u/ A3 K% t2 F" V不管怎样,我对哈佛的回忆主要都与充沛的精力和智力活动有关。哈佛的生活令人愉快,
4 _; c& d/ Y& {' u% j也令人感到有压力,有时甚至会感到泄气,但永远充满了挑战性。生活在哈佛是一种吸引
- ?9 f! `0 _$ K: g4 [' i: s- }9 Y人的特殊待遇……虽然我离开得比较早,但是我在这里的经历、在这里结识的朋友、在这 3 k) ^) i8 C+ @4 W$ Y
里发展起来的一些想法,永远地改变了我。 ) \7 K, p+ O: R4 c
1 k+ Y- T+ A# C# }# @. D( VBut taking a serious look back … I do have one big regret. 4 d+ ?0 W2 C3 K' A
- u: L% ]* Q1 D8 x4 ~8 w但是,如果现在严肃地回忆起来,我确实有一个真正的遗憾。 ' f$ o& ?6 s$ U3 e, Y; j7 l
9 g+ Q- P6 A7 |- C j
I left Harvard with no real awareness of the awful inequities in the world – i5 J1 I) t; F
the appalling disparities of health, and wealth, and opportunity that condemn
6 b6 u& }* S3 W7 `8 \+ Rmillions of people to lives of despair.
# I( m: T/ q. d4 N+ w; @3 d+ A a4 r. |5 E
我离开哈佛的时候,根本没有意识到这个世界是多么的不平等。人类在健康、财富和机遇 8 D# h; [4 q5 `( E4 e, C
上的不平等大得可怕,它们使得无数的人们被迫生活在绝望之中。 ) G# F2 p; j7 I# S" r
. a6 A9 g( Z# c/ GI learned a lot here at Harvard about new ideas in economics and politics. I g
3 P+ C# K$ [! l. K7 s' Q5 L2 }ot great exposure to the advances being made in the sciences.
$ n" j* r# N! h( z. {" n7 W% K$ ?% I) x
我在哈佛学到了很多经济学和政治学的新思想。我也了解了很多科学上的新进展。 - ^; ?& F1 p. ~( F, ~
4 A% F0 O/ b/ `" @1 i8 ^
But humanity's greatest advances are not in its discoveries – but in how thos
4 s4 u- d, @; B) z7 ee discoveries are applied to reduce inequity. Whether through democracy, stron
$ `5 S' E7 j! d. a. O* B& J5 ~, }1 @g public education, quality health care, or broad economic opportunity – redu
2 C& O' M. g' l/ pcing inequity is the highest human achievement.
1 {* x- y) K& R! L( r# _2 `5 `/ M' I \. ^- Q1 q- w2 a: _, z
但是,人类最大的进步并不来自于这些发现,而是来自于那些有助于减少人类不平等的发
4 y8 D( y& ?0 P$ J4 O现。不管通过何种手段——民主制度、健全的公共教育体系、高质量的医疗保健、还是广
4 n) T' U) ^4 C3 q6 h) |+ _! s泛的经济机会——减少不平等始终是人类最大的成就。 7 T+ N9 T B7 c4 W5 _: K1 l: [2 H
: i, ~2 K6 l0 J- `% l- g6 e" p
I left campus knowing little about the millions of young people cheated out of
2 z9 b7 c+ V/ F( P. Teducational opportunities here in this country. And I knew nothing about the , E, u3 l% Q& F
millions of people living in unspeakable poverty and disease in developing cou * D" |! T* X- i6 o' ~
ntries.
8 @7 y8 K/ d) t& O
; T5 A. w* ^& [% q8 B/ ^我离开校园的时候,根本不知道在这个国家里,有几百万的年轻人无法获得接受教育的机
* G# d4 {" B* m) c5 A会。我也不知道,发展中国家里有无数的人们生活在无法形容的贫穷和疾病之中。 ) Y* z( A2 R( J! } \
: U' H, L+ o7 e) O$ i% ] |
It took me decades to find out. , { z Y0 D8 H/ q0 _' b$ b9 E
& L: P9 K; T/ k) |5 Z; _- d我花了几十年才明白了这些事情。 $ s) U: ^% G$ K. M) v' D
# k# _# { b; |/ O5 ]; W
You graduates came to Harvard at a different time. You know more about the wor 5 z8 B( t' }5 |: O" t% Z
ld's inequities than the classes that came before. In your years here, I hope
! _" C: }! [& T S) Hyou've had a chance to think about how – in this age of accelerating technolo
1 |! w' K: p5 F: f% Rgy – we can finally take on these inequities, and we can solve them. . G- Q5 O6 h% K7 F" v( R9 n! }
' ]1 {$ {4 f& p# J1 t, P) D$ K在座的各位同学,你们是在与我不同的时代来到哈佛的。你们比以前的学生,更多地了解
6 l9 V4 Q9 N! e) W/ K世界是怎样的不平等。在你们的哈佛求学过程中,我希望你们已经思考过一个问题,那就
}+ P2 H% |4 a" h3 l+ E% O% i是在这个新技术加速发展的时代,我们怎样最终应对这种不平等,以及我们怎样来解决这 ( k7 A; V ?* b3 `; z% T
个问题。
$ f# V$ X, s! t5 N4 d; x# c0 `- ^' |# t; q) F/ g) \7 s: E
Imagine, just for the sake of discussion, that you had a few hours a week and
0 o4 e5 e, X; |( Na few dollars a month to donate to a cause – and you wanted to spend that tim
, W# X( h! }$ {, U" ?e and money where it would have the greatest impact in saving and improving li
' B; n, A0 {/ K1 t0 ^ves. Where would you spend it? 8 I0 W- y# {0 J# a
$ ~3 O! }/ A3 Z0 g7 @; d9 B* A2 j为了讨论的方便,请想象一下,假如你每个星期可以捐献一些时间、每个月可以捐献一些
) l' A1 |% }/ ~5 Y钱——你希望这些时间和金钱,可以用到对拯救生命和改善人类生活有最大作用的地方。 : [" Y; b# U* ~% y0 O$ B
你会选择什么地方?
! r! @9 o& G; |9 o8 m
S+ V2 d4 t; Q( C UFor Melinda and for me, the challenge is the same: how can we do the most good ! ^2 n+ e' l2 S" l) L* s
for the greatest number with the resources we have.
$ U, ]2 S) Z* s: Z
0 |) j# l3 [; ?: K! F! v* o对Melinda(注:盖茨的妻子)和我来说,这也是我们面临的问题:我们如何能将我们拥有
% Q" |' ?8 M9 d/ [' u8 U1 p的资源发挥出最大的作用。
3 G; X0 a, ~, k+ K9 Z' d
* w& S- q7 b! k& a ^1 t7 x9 @During our discussions on this question, Melinda and I read an article about t 9 ?) ?4 J# `6 J9 \- c
he millions of children who were dying every year in poor countries from disea 9 n2 ]/ G r: y4 x0 |) m& w
ses that we had long ago made harmless in this country. Measles, malaria, pneu
" B: J! x! p( p0 smonia, hepatitis B, yellow fever. One disease I had never even heard of, rotav : L: I8 P5 i- P2 S
irus, was killing half a million kids each year – none of them in the United " @# ~% D, w/ Y: i' c
States.
# T( \: [" F2 D h1 ?: ^: e4 b) V, C, P* R3 o4 [/ P8 ?
在讨论过程中,Melinda和我读到了一篇文章,里面说在那些贫穷的国家,每年有数百万的 ! b M6 x7 V$ q* A+ i& H! o
儿童死于那些在美国早已不成问题的疾病。麻疹、疟疾、肺炎、乙型肝炎、黄热病、还有
5 z+ N& D3 B- d/ O5 P( |% w# W一种以前我从未听说过的轮状病毒,这些疾病每年导致50万儿童死亡,但是在美国一例死 o/ m; [. m* [7 r0 K# W' R- k* V
亡病例也没有。 4 r: \' d. n3 N. i) j5 Z7 ~$ e: ?
/ A; F6 T; g& M3 F0 U6 o
We were shocked. We had just assumed that if millions of children were dying a + g! Q/ }5 A% F- w; y
nd they could be saved, the world would make it a priority to discover and del
' q) Q9 e" @( t0 g- b# yiver the medicines to save them. But it did not. For under a dollar, there wer
" m0 {7 h K, l1 `, Je interventions that could save lives that just weren't being delivered. - s, i) L2 N2 P6 ^
' `! |+ R( Q/ k9 K, B _我们被震惊了。我们想,如果几百万儿童正在死亡线上挣扎,而且他们是可以被挽救的,
4 D7 O _; I. Z' A- A" P那么世界理应将用药物拯救他们作为头等大事。但是事实并非如此。那些价格还不到一美
( I1 v3 T( x$ W; S0 o; s' M元的救命的药剂,并没有送到他们的手中。
* o) Y4 e" K2 @7 d: H1 D+ _' }+ m) k& q% H6 U) X# h
If you believe that every life has equal value, it's revolting to learn that s
, T% C% S; R( n: Z$ s- ]' b+ zome lives are seen as worth saving and others are not. We said to ourselves: " 4 n6 P2 c4 { c6 M+ M
This can't be true. But if it is true, it deserves to be the priority of our g - c% O: S, b0 }
iving."
2 j$ Z& A2 e* |
% d( } e2 r: Q0 G) Z, g0 [5 u如果你相信每个生命都是平等的,那么当你发现某些生命被挽救了,而另一些生命被放弃
; g& M- S' \$ |6 b4 [! N7 ?了,你会感到无法接受。我们对自己说:“事情不可能如此。如果这是真的,那么它理应 " ^5 I7 J. @7 J: E
是我们努力的头等大事。”
5 x# R* r2 u) {% p" u& R/ T; y
. D) Q3 X5 c# T% qSo we began our work in the same way anyone here would begin it. We asked: "Ho 6 {8 H3 M$ v' n. [8 X
w could the world let these children die?"
* d4 G( ]7 Y1 Z6 l6 f, ~" a' v# @7 i. T
所以,我们用任何人都会想到的方式开始工作。我们问:“这个世界怎么可以眼睁睁看着
/ i: ]- v; F1 Y) B. P6 y0 x5 |& I, g这些孩子死去?” 5 D5 \! H! L" [ w: c
4 x# L& e9 X$ D; {( S% d
The answer is simple, and harsh. The market did not reward saving the lives of
; Z6 U6 v. V5 R; e& X# o* Vthese children, and governments did not subsidize it. So the children died be
8 o; C v1 e7 W' O( H+ X1 ?cause their mothers and their fathers had no power in the market and no voice , X' E6 q6 J% j5 [! T7 x
in the system.
% t$ g% E4 T2 C# E1 }) {" m$ B
! F5 O- J* [ k7 }% [3 J答案很简单,也很令人难堪。在市场经济中,拯救儿童是一项没有利润的工作,政府也不
' q* Q. N* e- Q+ p会提供补助。这些儿童之所以会死亡,是因为他们的父母在经济上没有实力,在政治上没
) M8 T0 W+ N0 H/ J% A0 Z0 s; x2 }有能力发出声音。 ; j0 k- I: O. ?
& b* S; n4 [' A3 \
But you and I have both.
. p/ T3 u3 `1 w# Y- a, F b/ p# [1 t! f0 D
但是,你们和我在经济上有实力,在政治上能够发出声音。 : A2 u$ ?8 h# l) A9 `; @& ^" ~
. F3 K( {5 P* C" {1 B1 ^We can make market forces work better for the poor if we can develop a more cr " Y% Z5 a7 M, E) _ N( O. u$ {
eative capitalism – if we can stretch the reach of market forces so that more ( p6 u; V$ ?; J9 `
people can make a profit, or at least make a living, serving people who are s
( ]. \, ?' ?' [' Guffering from the worst inequities. We also can press governments around the w 6 ~* V. k8 C1 K2 y; L) A
orld to spend taxpayer money in ways that better reflect the values of the peo . y' y: y1 \( d
ple who pay the taxes. 5 H2 K( H; @4 f- I4 q) R& K
7 D9 w$ Z$ t4 i4 V% v. ^* ~4 d6 }
我们可以让市场更好地为穷人服务,如果我们能够设计出一种更有创新性的资本主义制度
4 @' X6 g+ U4 B1 ?% K7 B——如果我们可以改变市场,让更多的人可以获得利润,或者至少可以维持生活——那么
- l; z2 a; R0 E+ N6 H,这就可以帮到那些正在极端不平等的状况中受苦的人们。我们还可以向全世界的政府施 4 @% E1 R0 L3 q5 K3 q
压,要求他们将纳税人的钱,花到更符合纳税人价值观的地方。 6 ^9 |" W) t; E( h6 c6 |8 t Y |0 B0 E
& P Z; I3 ^' d/ yIf we can find approaches that meet the needs of the poor in ways that generat ) |) u+ ~& Q; U" d/ q
e profits for business and votes for politicians, we will have found a sustain
8 T( S i3 w. N8 v: u; pable way to reduce inequity in the world. This task is open-ended. It can neve
5 o4 H5 P' [% X6 g3 U9 sr be finished. But a conscious effort to answer this challenge will change the
& T8 q1 ]; p" R" U. H1 s6 gworld.
! G0 D |1 L4 Z9 r
' M$ \) G& D1 |$ G' U9 K如果我们能够找到这样一种方法,既可以帮到穷人,又可以为商人带来利润,为政治家带
; A' h8 v( `" B$ z' K+ _6 Q来选票,那么我们就找到了一种减少世界性不平等的可持续的发展道路。这个任务是无限 6 r0 [$ i. X# h7 ^: r% R: _+ q
的。它不可能被完全完成,但是任何自觉地解决这个问题的尝试,都将会改变这个世界。
) W) O. C9 |! @ o3 A- k5 o4 Y& f6 `1 s! h2 j3 H5 |8 i
( H& O7 }: Z; D6 V+ {. mI am optimistic that we can do this, but I talk to skeptics who claim there is P. W! v d. N6 B- e' I' O
no hope. They say: "Inequity has been with us since the beginning, and will b
9 F) G5 D* N; s! |e with us till the end – because people just … don't … care." I completely 2 i' i* C& P- I C( _0 ~& y+ H, @: }! p
disagree. 4 u* b' }3 x/ [ g+ @% }3 G
" P) S% g; L* ^ C% F
在这个问题上,我是乐观的。但是,我也遇到过那些感到绝望的怀疑主义者。他们说:“
U* W8 @$ p. w, s- i' h/ z( k不平等从人类诞生的第一天就存在,到人类灭亡的最后一天也将存在。——因为人类对这 / f) }/ f8 _* Q! y3 X+ m: L# ^, {
个问题根本不在乎。”我完全不能同意这种观点。
) P7 N1 |# n2 f) d5 o
7 w1 W8 Q! f3 e' p0 uI believe we have more caring than we know what to do with.
. s; \6 ~" Q) o z3 W6 ~/ g% e2 K+ r
我相信,问题不是我们不在乎,而是我们不知道怎么做。 " @6 R. E2 q& |
" r' o/ N7 U& @7 ?" m) dAll of us here in this Yard, at one time or another, have seen human tragedies . b2 f1 T: }- f
that broke our hearts, and yet we did nothing – not because we didn't care, 7 j v2 {; o$ d' P2 c( J
but because we didn't know what to do. If we had known how to help, we would h
1 Y- `' L5 A: ] p1 }3 Qave acted.
: X7 k/ l0 w9 i* T( r/ t3 i/ N8 Y9 l/ b( v1 W8 u( E! ]1 `+ K' [ V2 f& \: m
此刻在这个院子里的所有人,生命中总有这样或那样的时刻,目睹人类的悲剧,感到万分 / u6 z: z" v9 w6 y& ?
伤心。但是我们什么也没做,并非我们无动于衷,而是因为我们不知道做什么和怎么做。
6 T% K3 q* `% i( v" v如果我们知道如何做是有效的,那么我们就会采取行动。 7 k, I9 c( T4 L# K
% ?( a4 U4 l$ c5 bThe barrier to change is not too little caring; it is too much complexity. * G( K# c* |. q$ c) t
" ~0 O/ M' C" `0 k1 _& u4 ?
改变世界的阻碍,并非人类的冷漠,而是世界实在太复杂。
" c/ O% R; d9 y* N0 Q$ g' j, s# E
/ Y: p+ O' u1 R' NTo turn caring into action, we need to see a problem, see a solution, and see 4 D6 B7 G- u- [& G- _1 `* e
the impact. But complexity blocks all three steps.
+ z B: H, o- U- q2 f( `- f) D! A- F5 O/ I, u3 j! K
为了将关心转变为行动,我们需要找到问题,发现解决办法的方法,评估后果。但是世界
' j Z# _/ C8 B2 s的复杂性使得所有这些步骤都难于做到。
: V# W& w$ m$ z) A( h/ Q$ m: |
Even with the advent of the Internet and 24-hour news, it is still a complex e / Z% K$ q+ R3 a* O0 v. _
nterprise to get people to truly see the problems. When an airplane crashes, o
3 V" K- r' f0 d9 d L& N7 ]fficials immediately call a press conference. They promise to investigate, det * Z J+ F+ t0 k# e. W! c
ermine the cause, and prevent similar crashes in the future.
2 d) P) [. d$ p# A+ P6 W6 f/ C$ f, w* D4 a% U, H3 L- E( F
即使有了互联网和24小时直播的新闻台,让人们真正发现问题所在,仍然十分困难。当一 ( I; L, J5 V f9 k2 E' } v+ Y* M7 E
架飞机坠毁了,官员们会立刻召开新闻发布会,他们承诺进行调查、找到原因、防止将来 1 x1 T* V$ `5 u) r) S
再次发生类似事故。 ! k. Q) |; T# h1 v2 G
( f' ?5 V. G3 J* p) K3 X# L% NBut if the officials were brutally honest, they would say: "Of all the people
! T3 I* w1 Q3 A2 Lin the world who died today from preventable causes, one half of one percent o + ~; }* |' T9 I7 ?) o2 ?: Y
f them were on this plane. We're determined to do everything possible to solve
( ?' u5 T5 Q5 T0 wthe problem that took the lives of the one half of one percent."
" X" Q; j/ `. v/ B% U; i0 p7 _2 b' f
但是如果那些官员敢说真话,他们就会说:“在今天这一天,全世界所有可以避免的死亡 : ^& T( K- S& e
之中,只有0.5%的死者来自于这次空难。我们决心尽一切努力,调查这个0.5%的死亡原因
- n7 Q% J% _! _: X% B" V9 Q7 F。” " M: b* p" y1 Q" F( h' m
( ?0 ?) b. ~8 C! n
The bigger problem is not the plane crash, but the millions of preventable dea : j5 U; |3 W: _* h3 R
ths. 1 h$ L# A: A, m4 }! h
* D* |' i/ i4 f/ g/ x
显然,更重要的问题不是这次空难,而是其他几百万可以预防的死亡事件。 6 v8 s l% r- j& y
9 U. A! u4 k5 @. A" O0 J7 F. `
We don't read much about these deaths. The media covers what's new – and mill
& t1 h# D% ?8 J' R( Gions of people dying is nothing new. So it stays in the background, where it's ( W5 D/ s& w) I" b
easier to ignore. But even when we do see it or read about it, it's difficult ) G6 `7 H, ^, N/ X# G5 \
to keep our eyes on the problem. It's hard to look at suffering if the situat
0 Y) {' C& E9 {. N# s1 N/ Q! iion is so complex that we don't know how to help. And so we look away.
& Q9 t- E. }+ ~) c
: `6 ?& [6 A/ K# _0 k5 ?; t* r/ r我们并没有很多机会了解那些死亡事件。媒体总是报告新闻,几百万人将要死去并非新闻 - S" d$ H* q3 I
。如果没有人报道,那么这些事件就很容易被忽视。另一方面,即使我们确实目睹了事件
6 w9 ^0 H- q& e* z( u本身或者看到了相关报道,我们也很难持续关注这些事件。看着他人受苦是令人痛苦的,
, k) t) m( i, m3 x0 z: ^5 e) }何况问题又如此复杂,我们根本不知道如何去帮助他人。所以我们会将脸转过去。 - e A4 d3 o6 X0 L6 U
% T2 _+ R, H; } m3 ~" x0 s8 p/ yIf we can really see a problem, which is the first step, we come to the second " l( T7 \1 i0 {, F! a. ?* `
step: cutting through the complexity to find a solution. ! J- M* E1 z7 K
, S0 r, T) z, p+ N; O! s就算我们真正发现了问题所在,也不过是迈出了第一步,接着还有第二步:那就是从复杂
6 [0 u7 C5 X M% v, L2 _8 i; F1 B; O的事件中找到解决办法。 / ~8 s8 A. j% G% F( S, u; o
* P) K, s: S# o
Finding solutions is essential if we want to make the most of our caring. If w 0 f, @8 B: W5 J1 q$ g
e have clear and proven answers anytime an organization or individual asks "Ho # s5 b( U; k+ B$ X0 q7 ~: x
w can I help?," then we can get action – and we can make sure that none of th ( l: m7 P6 u+ D
e caring in the world is wasted. But complexity makes it hard to mark a path o . z# y& h1 J) F/ _! S
f action for everyone who cares — and that makes it hard for their caring to
9 I( K/ C8 d, q1 W9 b4 \$ m( xmatter. ; h) F4 P4 A" x+ I; e" x
1 C" z; O( t& X. v$ e5 }
如果我们要让关心落到实处,我们就必须找到解决办法。如果我们有一个清晰的和可靠的 - s5 b$ }5 [+ n) }5 w/ k
答案,那么当任何组织和个人发出疑问“如何我能提供帮助”的时候,我们就能采取行动 ( c3 w/ i! T( O5 G4 e
。我们就能够保证不浪费一丁点全世界人类对他人的关心。但是,世界的复杂性使得很难 + P& ~" x' k: |% \+ o ] d- N- w
找到对全世界每一个有爱心的人都有效的行动方法,因此人类对他人的关心往往很难产生 3 }+ G/ g2 @' t( A) D! k8 j
实际效果。 2 e; N* D9 b* w+ g
; `2 n! x9 m& l& {& Z7 Z
Cutting through complexity to find a solution runs through four predictable st
. m8 F+ C/ c6 u% g4 Jages: determine a goal, find the highest-leverage approach, discover the ideal # Y6 Z6 F" _! c5 ~7 D) S$ `" }+ U8 g
technology for that approach, and in the meantime, make the smartest applicat # \7 _" n0 ?: J% f( {/ G9 W
ion of the technology that you already have — whether it's something sophisti . I. _2 N; d4 ?
cated, like a drug, or something simpler, like a bednet.
: T; a; E* z5 |+ o
0 k/ V+ v7 J( I, y0 b! q% `# {从这个复杂的世界中找到解决办法,可以分为四个步骤:确定目标,找到最高效的方法,
" g8 b/ N0 c' R9 }: b发现适用于这个方法的新技术,同时最聪明地利用现有的技术,不管它是复杂的药物,还
% x* i3 Q& }9 G是最简单的蚊帐。 * ]4 E% T& `/ N
" n! X$ m, C1 ~, l- ^0 a+ ^
The AIDS epidemic offers an example. The broad goal, of course, is to end the . M6 {9 I3 j; _. Y( Y" V
disease. The highest-leverage approach is prevention. The ideal technology wou
- Y# b! r9 ~6 {/ p9 r* Zld be a vaccine that gives lifetime immunity with a single dose. So government
# {6 ?& ~# v9 u* O. Ss, drug companies, and foundations fund vaccine research. But their work is li ; u0 k# X! N G8 O: ? R
kely to take more than a decade, so in the meantime, we have to work with what
+ D( S) H' g, @- v3 o$ |0 Bwe have in hand – and the best prevention approach we have now is getting pe ) t8 z9 D/ N# p0 [+ n# k; U
ople to avoid risky behavior. 2 d( Y1 g1 g6 ` W
& w9 a5 H2 U; m$ S- y7 J! U
艾滋病就是一个例子。总的目标,毫无疑问是消灭这种疾病。最高效的方法是预防。最理 $ ~ K9 U! s. F# i
想的技术是发明一种疫苗,只要注射一次,就可以终生免疫。所以,政府、制药公司、基
5 }6 j# C; b, U; ^金会应该资助疫苗研究。但是,这样研究工作很可能十年之内都无法完成。因此,与此同 % c2 x- y% j6 v% `, |$ f+ i5 X
时,我们必须使用现有的技术,目前最有效的预防方法就是设法让人们避免那些危险的行
9 w7 E; o4 k6 w# H6 h2 d为。
2 [0 X- |" J1 D; H
7 x0 i* b9 e" ~9 a% o, X; b# xPursuing that goal starts the four-step cycle again. This is the pattern. The 8 b, o' `+ m8 I# b5 a' V1 V
crucial thing is to never stop thinking and working – and never do what we di
2 M& F! R6 V, Cd with malaria and tuberculosis in the 20th century – which is to surrender t $ d% C9 Q" V* n2 a: C+ r
o complexity and quit. + ]; c5 n/ V& M7 ?! y0 S6 p4 r! O
5 o4 N) f/ e2 i, k5 S0 }
要实现这个新的目标,又可以采用新的四步循环。这是一种模式。关键的东西是永远不要
3 M# @9 A# m- C" x* O停止思考和行动。我们千万不能再犯上个世纪在疟疾和肺结核上犯过的错误,那时我们因
$ y; I- T1 d: J: p2 ~% E; z7 Z为它们太复杂,而放弃了采取行动。
, @7 ^) O: T- o+ P5 Y% N& ]9 m l- f$ R* x/ l
The final step – after seeing the problem and finding an approach – is to me
- k8 Z$ u5 l/ ^+ n/ z' W2 v( Gasure the impact of your work and share your successes and failures so that ot
9 R# s" @& t/ C4 R7 uhers learn from your efforts.
# W& L( E7 K( P, _+ }
" v1 |( F, L _$ g( s在发现问题和找到解决方法之后,就是最后一步——评估工作结果,将你的成功经验或者
5 L5 p$ }7 l d! }失败经验传播出去,这样其他人就可以从你的努力中有所收获。 : m4 ]- d& {* S t# }
( b. H. n/ k ~5 R, ]+ K+ H( V# C
You have to have the statistics, of course. You have to be able to show that a
; A/ s. S+ |0 f$ Eprogram is vaccinating millions more children. You have to be able to show a
/ D* [1 a% \4 z* h- d$ y7 z' H* \decline in the number of children dying from these diseases. This is essential
7 N+ T& D8 t% q5 _ Anot just to improve the program, but also to help draw more investment from b
# I% ^* M, F" }$ O1 Zusiness and government. 5 I: U! ^! r+ g4 t& V
' |8 x* b; ~; c2 }* Q当然,你必须有一些统计数字。你必须让他人知道,你的项目为几百万儿童新接种了疫苗
. e j6 l9 u. d1 [# Q0 n9 H3 S# z6 d。你也必须让他人知道,儿童死亡人数下降了多少。这些都是很关键的,不仅有利于改善 6 M5 Q) F* I8 _( K6 ?
项目效果,也有利于从商界和政府得到更多的帮助。
) q! j1 ]2 [* [% d5 p; J. U1 D
0 t- \% ^( T% z4 } K1 Q, YBut if you want to inspire people to participate, you have to show more than n * S) i9 P( d2 a+ }
umbers; you have to convey the human impact of the work – so people can feel
' V2 w- J- U q) vwhat saving a life means to the families affected. 2 j2 J# O& n4 D/ u" g, u
0 U) x1 E! \, g" i% q5 T2 _但是,这些还不够,如果你想激励其他人参加你的项目,你就必须拿出更多的统计数字; 5 v" Z+ S" u' b# a% o: V8 ^% P
你必须展示你的项目的人性因素,这样其他人就会感到拯救一个生命,对那些处在困境中
& q4 k; Q. [, A( L J. G' f+ a5 q+ f4 c的家庭到底意味着什么。 5 K/ \- N- K2 k
" V C$ z+ _# }! F# N& a2 G: P0 ^7 z; X
I remember going to Davos some years back and sitting on a global health panel
0 S8 L, K* z n' athat was discussing ways to save millions of lives. Millions! Think of the th
& s6 y# V* E& L# h9 Arill of saving just one person's life – then multiply that by millions. … Ye
: G, O& b7 C6 H' ?8 T' ?7 ot this was the most boring panel I've ever been on – ever. So boring even I c ) a M3 c) x, p. H) i, t
ouldn't bear it.
5 f, S, s$ o1 M' t; N: l, T; @! _
2 e7 ]: @5 I( D2 x几年前,我去瑞士达沃斯旁听一个全球健康问题论坛,会议的内容有关于如何拯救几百万
- M! k! e% P ]5 A3 R条生命。天哪,是几百万!想一想吧,拯救一个人的生命已经让人何等激动,现在你要把
# B% I: }$ D. p3 [; k$ [0 a这种激动再乘上几百万倍……但是,不幸的是,这是我参加过的最最乏味的论坛,乏味到 7 a$ N5 u/ q1 Z& H/ E; I, ?8 J, \6 @3 `
我无法强迫自己听下去。 $ S. H/ H: s* S+ ?7 |& W
* N/ r8 ?# M xWhat made that experience especially striking was that I had just come from an
( M, ]* M* x6 q; k3 T: A5 F) oevent where we were introducing version 13 of some piece of software, and we
0 Y: A3 q' ~# |7 r: ]( Shad people jumping and shouting with excitement. I love getting people excited + z2 d' y' S1 d% |3 ^ z) m
about software – but why can't we generate even more excitement for saving l
4 x- A4 ?- h5 A9 f; g) J/ nives?
7 w% V6 \9 ?7 G
, E3 o: ~6 b1 S9 _那次经历之所以让我难忘,是因为之前我们刚刚发布了一个软件的第13个版本,我们让观 5 Q$ A) L# \+ b2 g' K, }
众激动得跳了起来,喊出了声。我喜欢人们因为软件而感到激动,那么我们为什么不能够
! ^% F+ t- h5 z5 E让人们因为能够拯救生命而感到更加激动呢?
! B& C( w3 c( X F0 j. o2 W6 K& i- V
You can't get people excited unless you can help them see and feel the impact. 3 H$ t8 r1 e2 A! d; e! [
And how you do that – is a complex question. : \1 U0 l: k1 C7 V9 {2 |
( }$ K' B+ p0 f. S2 U0 p除非你能够让人们看到或者感受到行动的影响力,否则你无法让人们激动。如何做到这一
# b% ?- n" s7 G0 L点,并不是一件简单的事。
, q7 _. N8 i. ?2 }& Z2 S! F9 d$ d9 o( U0 t, M7 K8 `7 ~
Still, I'm optimistic. Yes, inequity has been with us forever, but the new too " U0 M' h/ v2 ]% ^2 }! u
ls we have to cut through complexity have not been with us forever. They are n
+ Y8 y9 D" ?( c1 N* l1 y, u3 `" Mew – they can help us make the most of our caring – and that's why the futur 0 {* J6 O' w* ~
e can be different from the past.
- w/ M) e# t' v/ O. X6 |) C: R, t# T7 |
同前面一样,在这个问题上,我依然是乐观的。不错,人类的不平等有史以来一直存在, % l! t- I/ \( ]5 X. @
但是那些能够化繁为简的新工具,却是最近才出现的。这些新工具可以帮助我们,将人类
- e' W) |- Z; \% s8 N; F5 b的同情心发挥最大的作用,这就是为什么将来同过去是不一样的。 ! \4 h1 r3 b- a0 [2 H
' f" v/ e/ |% T7 H; m4 h9 MThe defining and ongoing innovations of this age – biotechnology, the compute % u2 i( b# G! `7 w- `' g) M
r, the Internet – give us a chance we've never had before to end extreme pove
& I7 l3 y+ D" A- b" A2 @1 Prty and end death from preventable disease. ) V( ~; C' A; F5 F. H, H
- d' Y2 E6 { d; P
这个时代无时无刻不在涌现出新的革新——生物技术,计算机,互联网——它们给了我们 2 q# e$ V% ?& |
一个从未有过的机会,去终结那些极端的贫穷和非恶性疾病的死亡。
+ O7 Z7 h" w4 ? ^ |6 y+ R! c# M) _3 W- V0 t: J2 J2 ?, d
Sixty years ago, George Marshall came to this commencement and announced a pla
- v% G3 {, g& j& \4 Y% j3 @6 en to assist the nations of post-war Europe. He said: "I think one difficulty i # B% J2 _) s( e4 `
s that the problem is one of such enormous complexity that the very mass of fa
9 h# n: x' p' \8 [& Q4 B! h) Kcts presented to the public by press and radio make it exceedingly difficult f
" ?1 M% i: v0 r3 V: bor the man in the street to reach a clear appraisement of the situation. It is
- T2 j9 g+ r* b1 B& y! ~virtually impossible at this distance to grasp at all the real significance o
3 T( Q/ D. O7 _3 [/ j/ af the situation." 4 G" e3 z( Y/ R1 x
5 m+ a, i! L0 @
六十年前,乔治·马歇尔也是在这个地方的毕业典礼上,宣布了一个计划,帮助那些欧洲
( N* p% v; q2 _国家的战后建设。他说:“我认为,困难的一点是这个问题太复杂,报纸和电台向公众源
5 n( @$ K: g' o& e4 u源不断地提供各种事实,使得大街上的普通人极端难于清晰地判断形势。事实上,经过层 6 l) [& a, D3 A$ `% O* ?* r
层传播,想要真正地把握形势,是根本不可能的。” , o- {2 h3 {. n* R ?' E2 w
( I$ \! i1 r( C# {# F' M- O
Thirty years after Marshall made his address, as my class graduated without me
9 J: d" _& x; H7 x3 t) ?- a, technology was emerging that would make the world smaller, more open, more v : j7 i$ U. N( S8 i1 c
isible, less distant.
( H9 t# [' {: x. m5 A2 K% f% G* q
马歇尔发表这个演讲之后的三十年,我那一届学生毕业,当然我不在其中。那时,新技术
- B& ^3 t9 X8 {9 A. K4 P% w刚刚开始萌芽,它们将使得这个世界变得更小、更开放、更容易看到、距离更近。 1 t: T' y c5 S/ [3 z8 c
& s7 ~% Z9 m3 t* q5 G1 N1 L+ Z
The emergence of low-cost personal computers gave rise to a powerful network t ) h" n8 G6 w- L- X( z$ g1 S7 W. T
hat has transformed opportunities for learning and communicating. . h% w+ P* K0 w. T% i: G
9 ? B7 Q7 m& j, |低成本的个人电脑的出现,使得一个强大的互联网有机会诞生,它为学习和交流提供了巨 # n I1 C. ?- X5 Z4 N
大的机会。
' t7 `8 Y* y6 o& A$ o9 x5 H' L9 m$ j8 D4 Z8 A
The magical thing about this network is not just that it collapses distance an + K+ }' l! w+ P1 G8 o
d makes everyone your neighbor. It also dramatically increases the number of b
; h9 @( Q$ {$ w! srilliant minds we can have working together on the same problem – and that sc c1 d7 l( o, T, X2 L1 u6 F# h* O
ales up the rate of innovation to a staggering degree.
+ d' j# w# o* s4 _/ s5 W9 I2 z4 a- C7 Z! }: {9 x" z
网络的神奇之处,不仅仅是它缩短了物理距离,使得天涯若比邻。它还极大地增加了怀有
o0 V! ? G3 Y3 F" e) v+ X( n; s共同想法的人们聚集在一起的机会,我们可以为了解决同一个问题,一起共同工作。这就 3 a" c% j$ s# V/ q* L( j
大大加快了革新的进程,发展速度简直快得让人震惊。 % H3 Q6 [) u4 K) T5 l, a1 b
9 R n9 A0 W: y
At the same time, for every person in the world who has access to this technol
0 ]8 h2 w" s v. K" Logy, five people don't. That means many creative minds are left out of this di
. _$ w1 o$ q( A- i0 Y- n/ G9 }3 V" D5 ^) ]2 Oscussion -- smart people with practical intelligence and relevant experience w
1 h9 N$ I" G, ^: O/ Lho don't have the technology to hone their talents or contribute their ideas t
& _* v/ t) O4 L5 u: J* ]$ so the world. ' |# o, _3 S) S4 S2 Y; c
, n) w& h/ Z9 i- v2 J a8 U
与此同时,世界上有条件上网的人,只是全部人口的六分之一。这意味着,还有许多具有 3 k% p# i% K$ W, K8 j1 Q
创造性的人们,没有加入到我们的讨论中来。那些有着实际的操作经验和相关经历的聪明 1 |, ?% G; s+ K5 G0 A6 U
人,却没有技术来帮助他们,将他们的天赋或者想法与全世界分享。
6 _6 T0 y* @& f/ @
# @" H) Z& e+ mWe need as many people as possible to have access to this technology, because , x. [' \' d- q
these advances are triggering a revolution in what human beings can do for one
0 J% I$ v5 [4 |9 W; C' x$ \another. They are making it possible not just for national governments, but f
7 G& j9 l# @; X: \! {9 ror universities, corporations, smaller organizations, and even individuals to 8 |/ m% T, N5 X$ _- _% g
see problems, see approaches, and measure the impact of their efforts to addre
( O4 s% h- c& X7 l. q0 z7 yss the hunger, poverty, and desperation George Marshall spoke of 60 years ago. ) F4 j+ U" x! H }0 c* D+ R) `
c2 l& {; V+ [0 _! F+ q& _" I+ e9 b7 I3 i0 T. W
我们需要尽可能地让更多的人有机会使用新技术,因为这些新技术正在引发一场革命,人 # ]! g' \* P2 E9 Q' V6 |3 {
类将因此可以互相帮助。新技术正在创造一种可能,不仅是政府,还包括大学、公司、小 - D& z# m- N+ y: Z# b. |9 x" ]
机构、甚至个人,能够发现问题所在、能够找到解决办法、能够评估他们努力的效果,去
: v% y. Y' i) b改变那些马歇尔六十年前就说到过的问题——饥饿、贫穷和绝望。 5 G8 z# y( d' E- n s3 u0 S9 l! R
8 H9 N$ s% }" a1 W" K: Y5 fMembers of the Harvard Family: Here in the Yard is one of the great collection
, u6 S$ x9 B5 Is of intellectual talent in the world.
! f+ e- ]1 t8 ^8 w, F4 K. z1 W& \
哈佛是一个大家庭。这个院子里在场的人们,是全世界最有智力的人类群体之一。
! Z4 z; w1 {6 { H. v$ W9 Q; e& \' `
What for? : m# Z2 d, A ?
* ~6 P& G; y/ E1 U4 |2 S( _我们可以做些什么? - Y( @1 F* ~$ D
" [' l8 M1 H0 A5 l6 ~
There is no question that the faculty, the alumni, the students, and the benef
5 h; {9 _+ }/ H% gactors of Harvard have used their power to improve the lives of people here an
9 v1 r, \* s0 r' A9 Ld around the world. But can we do more? Can Harvard dedicate its intellect to
$ M" j$ U7 @0 m8 p' ~improving the lives of people who will never even hear its name?
: `. }1 M. n+ i7 V+ V3 g7 ] z0 y( l3 b. t v) P8 i+ X4 D8 {$ ^5 R7 `( y
毫无疑问,哈佛的老师、校友、学生和资助者,已经用他们的能力改善了全世界各地人们 ) _( @! r, b$ }- ]# d7 P
的生活。但是,我们还能够再做什么呢?有没有可能,哈佛的人们可以将他们的智慧,用
& m% |9 L$ Q0 M- U% u来帮助那些甚至从来没有听到过“哈佛”这个名字的人? 0 A0 |3 @/ M! F- L6 s; F6 S
4 Z- m2 Y' s2 F% _5 m0 [& Z; f+ @
Let me make a request of the deans and the professors – the intellectual lead
4 g' d) h d: {" t" Bers here at Harvard: As you hire new faculty, award tenure, review curriculum,
3 X I# X. f2 q, Mand determine degree requirements, please ask yourselves:
, I; a. n) z7 J, ]! R4 X% f3 r0 n( R: ~+ S( t. T- S% ^
请允许我向各位院长和教授,提出一个请求——你们是哈佛的智力领袖,当你们雇用新的 s& O* r, }6 K) c' e; {* W
老师、授予终身教职、评估课程、决定学位颁发标准的时候,请问你们自己如下的问题:
5 w( W: v- f+ N. R$ `# J7 W/ \; }. @( E- Y
! e7 p, H1 O5 g
Should our best minds be dedicated to solving our biggest problems? 5 s: d S0 j9 i9 J
7 N' @: u; q+ S" n我们最优秀的人才是否在致力于解决我们最大的问题? 7 f, Z+ F3 _* A: A: o) W
" y0 P( I' ?; U: Y2 ~: j
Should Harvard encourage its faculty to take on the world's worst inequities?
1 t t2 X3 Z3 H8 Q8 VShould Harvard students learn about the depth of global poverty … the prevale " m# B! {& W+ x- J( z' y3 w
nce of world hunger … the scarcity of clean water …the girls kept out of sch $ R/ E; d% n5 d9 F4 D% J
ool … the children who die from diseases we can cure? r8 C* W# L; }" u9 x
" P: {$ L% R4 E6 ]$ ~# l- o
哈佛是否鼓励她的老师去研究解决世界上最严重的不平等?哈佛的学生是否从全球那些极 . l3 |: D, X+ z; P
端的贫穷中学到了什么……世界性的饥荒……清洁的水资源的缺乏……无法上学的女童… 3 `5 ?2 [& ]( l
…死于非恶性疾病的儿童……哈佛的学生有没有从中学到东西? * L6 c) I$ S! Z' ]1 y* ]8 |+ `
5 Q& @; K9 ^. C' DShould the world's most privileged people learn about the lives of the world's
7 _: x9 [) V$ [/ n6 M' |least privileged?
& s4 p. p& {1 n5 V$ ^* d+ V- p. Q+ S' b/ q, @6 i4 A* ~/ G0 z
那些世界上过着最优越生活的人们,有没有从那些最困难的人们身上学到东西?
! U# h- j2 w* m% F1 V
9 Q4 U5 \# ~5 @2 _) u2 I+ UThese are not rhetorical questions – you will answer with your policies.
7 N0 g# k/ @$ a2 B7 ?7 }7 b+ A! U: @
这些问题并非语言上的修辞。你必须用自己的行动来回答它们。 6 c, u# m( v- z+ n3 e% M
: h$ G4 d" T RMy mother, who was filled with pride the day I was admitted here – never stop
. \- K: h4 _6 y) Qped pressing me to do more for others. A few days before my wedding, she hoste 7 {- J: J) O2 [) _, H& e1 E
d a bridal event, at which she read aloud a letter about marriage that she had
$ r0 u9 _5 J. N7 c. H; S- \written to Melinda. My mother was very ill with cancer at the time, but she s " V: D# |$ A8 F* a& b9 R1 v
aw one more opportunity to deliver her message, and at the close of the letter
8 {1 n, E1 I% s5 P5 }! h3 W2 Lshe said: "From those to whom much is given, much is expected." 0 Z1 E. ^" f0 ?) d* o. c# l1 X
0 J/ E, b; ?$ S
我的母亲在我被哈佛大学录取的那一天,曾经感到非常骄傲。她从没有停止督促我,去为
8 z$ @8 ~5 h" P& c' B他人做更多的事情。在我结婚的前几天,她主持了一个新娘进我家的仪式。在这个仪式上 1 [+ J: {7 y7 `' p! i' ?5 k& `
,她高声朗读了一封关于婚姻的信,这是她写给Melinda的。那时,我的母亲已经因为癌症
6 O# V" [0 ?2 H4 f7 d, T5 C病入膏肓,但是她还是认为这是又一个传播她的信念的机会。在那封信的结尾,她写道:
+ }( Z1 A# G& Q" h“对于那些接受了许多帮助的人们,他们还在期待更多的帮助。你的能力越大,人们对你
/ D9 J4 M8 [; j) N) ]: Y2 b的期望也就越大。”
8 u( C" {) M" k! x4 V' y: C4 s% T# }) H- y, V/ `. x; O
When you consider what those of us here in this Yard have been given – in tal
% ?- F' W: C: @/ M9 Bent, privilege, and opportunity – there is almost no limit to what the world
0 Q4 o' o& ?2 i3 ]0 Z; |: K/ ]has a right to expect from us. * G, y1 a! w, r8 A# D- C1 }% g8 c
; q; a2 ?9 y: u5 Q$ l! q想一想吧,我们在这个院子里的这些人,被给予过什么——天赋、特权、机遇——那么可 * [. o& O: R. s) u' w Z
以这样说,全世界的人们几乎有无限的权力,期待我们做出贡献。 / K# i: l g; L
8 b* s+ t( @" R3 T/ }5 D- a% UIn line with the promise of this age, I want to exhort each of the graduates h 0 g. p0 k: I# Y8 ]2 ~
ere to take on an issue – a complex problem, a deep inequity, and become a sp 1 c- E9 {+ g6 P2 s% c' N
ecialist on it. If you make it the focus of your career, that would be phenome
5 Y* e$ O4 P5 z% N8 \nal. But you don't have to do that to make an impact. For a few hours every we
3 u, X! Y4 t) P c; {ek, you can use the growing power of the Internet to get informed, find others
3 N0 T3 ~+ f$ N8 l0 m+ s* fwith the same interests, see the barriers, and find ways to cut through them. 9 w0 j* R% M( T9 ]5 G
7 M+ P# J) ]% w2 P
. V/ @- t) j1 M* v
同这个时代的期望一样,我也要向今天各位毕业的同学提出一个忠告:你们要选择一个问
' x ^$ S+ a. Y7 e* n0 p6 M题,一个复杂的问题,一个有关于人类深刻的不平等的问题,然后你们要变成这个问题的 2 w9 B- r0 n- a% ?4 U9 y; q Y) n
专家。如果你们能够使得这个问题成为你们职业的核心,那么你们就会非常杰出。但是, $ t1 q+ k* H7 K, z% q4 c% |
你们不必一定要去做那些大事。每个星期只用几个小时,你就可以通过互联网得到信息,
: }; I0 r! C1 b; ~2 [9 I找到志同道合的朋友,发现困难所在,找到解决它们的途径。
6 s/ L# K# J1 K4 t1 u9 K1 z% F( T
* W' G* V. b, w' t0 s6 ZDon't let complexity stop you. Be activists. Take on the big inequities. It wi
, B' j0 S; n1 M! U1 E7 S; Vll be one of the great experiences of your lives.
+ m c# h# p& I' u% P
$ X2 |6 W5 K: }( v不要让这个世界的复杂性阻碍你前进。要成为一个行动主义者。将解决人类的不平等视为
4 m" M6 h% W; h" u2 H己任。它将成为你生命中最重要的经历之一。 4 X/ J1 y0 |1 F" s
3 B% X; v6 k1 T( A2 aYou graduates are coming of age in an amazing time. As you leave Harvard, you
" y! s/ J1 B4 s0 V! whave technology that members of my class never had. You have awareness of glob
! H1 D3 _2 J* h9 I( j- pal inequity, which we did not have. And with that awareness, you likely also h , Q Y9 Z. L+ @
ave an informed conscience that will torment you if you abandon these people w & E* \1 F6 F, _& m- D/ N
hose lives you could change with very little effort. You have more than we had
+ E8 P4 O8 O6 Y: S* T; r+ B7 t; you must start sooner, and carry on longer. . C! l" l _' X6 M, s* L! u1 k! W* q
* W$ w# C [! {& o6 m; x" X& L在座的各位毕业的同学,你们所处的时代是一个神奇的时代。当你们离开哈佛的时候,你
' G. I0 N- G# h5 X们拥有的技术,是我们那一届学生所没有的。你们已经了解到了世界上的不平等,我们那 ' N( E, _& J }
时还不知道这些。有了这样的了解之后,要是你再弃那些你可以帮助的人们于不顾,就将 " `' n" Q# a$ N" L9 k2 C1 I9 ?
受到良心的谴责,只需一点小小的努力,你就可以改变那些人们的生活。你们比我们拥有
0 z/ v- Q% J& ?- j# I" r更大的能力;你们必须尽早开始,尽可能长时期坚持下去。
" w- s" H" I" h: B- u( n4 O
5 |, I- w0 ], z5 N7 }3 y3 YKnowing what you know, how could you not? ' |, ~% I5 h. P; m. N& ]2 M, Q
d) E, U y r5 o* r- i知道了你们所知道的一切,你们怎么可能不采取行动呢? . V P' G1 Q; q- I2 N: k
7 I3 j/ U% o* \& D, V
And I hope you will come back here to Harvard 30 years from now and reflect on
- a5 u* }* F2 m! r; O2 ~0 jwhat you have done with your talent and your energy. I hope you will judge yo & H" O$ I* Y* |% y
urselves not on your professional accomplishments alone, but also on how well
4 b$ {1 u6 G& g- Gyou have addressed the world's deepest inequities … on how well you treated p
( z/ G, R" \& J$ ^) W2 \: Yeople a world away who have nothing in common with you but their humanity.
! ]7 [) w$ l% J6 n6 `+ D8 q; K$ o6 V) ^- e, Z- N% l
我希望,30年后你们还会再回到哈佛,想起你们用自己的天赋和能力所做出的一切。我希 / F3 e5 P3 C% \5 \8 t) J1 t$ d+ O
望,在那个时候,你们用来评价自己的标准,不仅仅是你们的专业成就,而包括你们为改 * p8 g$ B% Z- n6 ~- A2 F
变这个世界深刻的不平等所做出的努力,以及你们如何善待那些远隔千山万水、与你们毫 + w% e/ [6 B5 C" u$ ]7 ^
不涉及的人们,你们与他们唯一的共同点就是同为人类。 |
|