|
|
2008-11-02 01:02:11 来自: lightpie(上次登录还是1.5年前.....)
6 y$ R$ `. j* a比尔·盖茨在哈佛大学毕业典礼上的演讲
6 M+ q0 a; Z5 I2 C0 C$ u" `8 ?2 {& g `. B* f
2007年6月7日
% |# p# Z" Q( \+ y8 ^. y5 z
. p- t4 f/ j( r阮一峰 译
6 C& [0 K0 q) K% u" n" p# K* W9 N5 \: e' G( S( f8 E
. ^5 F0 I2 F/ T% k! i+ x9 H$ H# Q0 y/ @6 ]0 d4 a
President Bok, former President Rudenstine, incoming President Faust, members 5 j/ }6 k3 X) H2 w$ a+ U+ P# u
of the Harvard Corporation and the Board of Overseers, members of the faculty,
9 a0 N$ E# h; J' r3 Eparents, and especially, the graduates:
5 }' w6 \* y! U
) @( S. K( N3 i" y, \尊敬的Bok校长,Rudenstine前校长,即将上任的Faust校长,哈佛集团的各位成员,监管 2 T' L' ^0 j( A4 e2 A0 v9 ^0 ]
理事会的各位理事,各位老师,各位家长,各位同学:
% Z& Y+ q3 y: g: H! ~
5 L' j# G: Q+ d+ LI've been waiting more than 30 years to say this: "Dad, I always told you I'd 5 A! x2 O, m/ |$ L% T {6 L
come back and get my degree." + B) F' L: l. V* [' i1 K' ?) D f1 m
- A8 G9 Y& V7 f" v+ B) ^" P* S+ b有一句话我等了三十年,现在终于可以说了:“老爸,我总是跟你说,我会回来拿到我的 8 }7 D4 a) I4 M: s; J+ i1 V% l
学位的!”
F- t4 h9 E+ D- q9 Q3 I' q% h$ {( Q! j5 v* @. h3 r2 f
I want to thank Harvard for this timely honor. I'll be changing my job next ye
0 R/ E- M' R! D, [4 Kar … and it will be nice to finally have a college degree on my resume. 3 C z W1 P/ u; }
5 e$ e Z, X. H8 [9 u4 }
我要感谢哈佛大学在这个时候给我这个荣誉。明年,我就要换工作了(注:指从微软公司 4 \2 @0 ^) c2 c% u( U3 u+ x% ^8 Z6 b3 }
退休)……我终于可以在简历上写我有一个本科学位,这真是不错啊。
! G7 z9 D7 M( s
, l" Q: Z7 H! I5 \, J/ FI applaud the graduates today for taking a much more direct route to your degr
/ [. R4 @* [1 j& _7 z) d1 iees. For my part, I'm just happy that the Crimson has called me "Harvard's mos
# K8 \3 Z' L! A Kt successful dropout." I guess that makes me valedictorian of my own special c
) C' v; ~4 Y" {4 d5 q. \# |9 f2 e: Alass … I did the best of everyone who failed. # i$ w& U7 Q u9 U0 z
9 q. `4 P9 P! B& ]) y) [我为今天在座的各位同学感到高兴,你们拿到学位可比我简单多了。哈佛的校报称我是“ 0 v) O& a6 s; t
哈佛大学历史上最成功的辍学生”。我想这大概使我有资格代表我这一类学生发言……在
3 F) B7 u% L, b% [, x$ U* w所有的失败者里,我做得最好。
: `; m1 m7 a& Z6 U3 d( ^; W$ m9 i8 l) l( ~, |) n
But I also want to be recognized as the guy who got Steve Ballmer to drop out T) K1 t9 }/ |/ e! [% j k
of business school. I'm a bad influence. That's why I was invited to speak at
, l' _9 V* R9 {4 Ayour graduation. If I had spoken at your orientation, fewer of you might be he , C F) j" e+ E3 i% s# X$ L# l* w" F
re today.
. I' p- N9 T/ K, s- v/ y/ L1 t: x* U6 h$ h5 z4 C
但是,我还要提醒大家,我使得Steve Ballmer(注:微软总经理)也从哈佛商学院退学了
6 W" k' S/ ^$ C. w( \+ k。因此,我是个有着恶劣影响力的人。这就是为什么我被邀请来在你们的毕业典礼上演讲
, e! Q0 \" ] q( Y D. f) u+ r。如果我在你们入学欢迎仪式上演讲,那么能够坚持到今天在这里毕业的人也许会少得多 8 g. N: S2 z0 N* H
吧。
4 _: R: g s& i) {9 B( R, x6 u2 W; B0 F
Harvard was just a phenomenal experience for me. Academic life was fascinating # \& ^- o' J0 t; U* t! ?
. I used to sit in on lots of classes I hadn't even signed up for. And dorm li ( P( m0 ~& F9 X8 G: I# f- k
fe was terrific. I lived up at Radcliffe, in Currier House. There were always
. y" R, s' Z6 @4 r4 w( X' p7 qlots of people in my dorm room late at night discussing things, because everyo
* F8 f2 ]* c1 N- k# ?. D1 one knew I didn't worry about getting up in the morning. That's how I came to b
5 T6 X7 d1 T* v4 ]6 S( je the leader of the anti-social group. We clung to each other as a way of vali " }3 ~% G# {2 j+ M: D2 `2 b3 Y
dating our rejection of all those social people. ; i w( y s e/ O8 d
0 a: O+ @: M1 H/ S2 S& }+ D对我来说,哈佛的求学经历是一段非凡的经历。校园生活很有趣,我常去旁听我没选修的 4 h( `/ M: `" `& I+ U1 C/ G
课。哈佛的课外生活也很棒,我在Radcliffe过着逍遥自在的日子。每天我的寝室里总有很 : U; Z! t. m$ @- a' i& z- d1 b1 k
多人一直待到半夜,讨论着各种事情。因为每个人都知道我从不考虑第二天早起。这使得 B8 ]0 L ]3 C" W# F7 c, X2 _
我变成了校园里那些不安分学生的头头,我们互相粘在一起,做出一种拒绝所有正常学生
5 E% O3 T: v0 G, Y! R4 `2 o的姿态。 9 {4 j: A. U5 K! k9 R; N' d
+ ^. i0 E" d, m5 U
Radcliffe was a great place to live. There were more women up there, and most Y) v; @3 B/ Z% y9 n, [
of the guys were science-math types. That combination offered me the best odds 6 M5 e4 ?$ f5 ?
, if you know what I mean. This is where I learned the sad lesson that improvi
' E* |$ b" ^: }' o% _; ]8 Ung your odds doesn't guarantee success.
/ W' C' K6 D2 a P3 s w6 K: M1 z- w
Radcliffe是个过日子的好地方。那里的女生比男生多,而且大多数男生都是理工科的。这
2 K9 Z4 I8 |+ {4 p& G( `种状况为我创造了最好的机会,如果你们明白我的意思。可惜的是,我正是在这里学到了 / K, _2 m. Q% x6 V2 S! A% W! m
人生中悲伤的一课:机会大,并不等于你就会成功。 & p" f: T& _ }" V. _* f7 a: P
0 n2 j: X7 N3 G4 a: u r: wOne of my biggest memories of Harvard came in January 1975, when I made a call
6 w3 g& F3 r9 j; G) z6 Xfrom Currier House to a company in Albuquerque that had begun making the worl " ~: F- O( H$ b
d's first personal computers. I offered to sell them software.
1 v# A# w% Z& h0 z* e: N! y; D1 s8 q2 v
我在哈佛最难忘的回忆之一,发生在1975年1月。那时,我从宿舍楼里给位于Albuquerque
" O3 t) d9 l# h7 W( t7 Z" b的一家公司打了一个电话,那家公司已经在着手制造世界上第一台个人电脑。我提出想向 2 Q+ N" u, x" i+ d+ A. }
他们出售软件。 9 [) f& c6 I9 u8 {6 N$ q
& h h" U9 d6 I! u# z3 fI worried that they would realize I was just a student in a dorm and hang up o
2 k. h3 }- I5 w: `1 X) \" C7 Q% En me. Instead they said: "We're not quite ready, come see us in a month," whic 5 L1 X# r8 b0 L1 I# A
h was a good thing, because we hadn't written the software yet. From that mome ! w% H" x- m7 M) l( U/ s, _- D
nt, I worked day and night on this little extra credit project that marked the
# c5 V3 ?$ b2 v" q6 d0 Jend of my college education and the beginning of a remarkable journey with Mi
! Q, j# z% t, c0 l: H& acrosoft.
7 F" R* O/ z1 N9 x
7 G {1 a. P3 z& M n我很担心,他们会发觉我是一个住在宿舍的学生,从而挂断电话。但是他们却说:“我们
5 g/ ]) Y$ i+ `; D6 n9 E还没准备好,一个月后你再来找我们吧。”这是个好消息,因为那时软件还根本没有写出 # h4 e* a x9 m
来呢。就是从那个时候起,我日以继夜地在这个小小的课外项目上工作,这导致了我学生 4 {- H9 [; E/ J# b; D3 o' r
生活的结束,以及通往微软公司的不平凡的旅程的开始。 " @" S- C' U5 B9 G# j
' w* b0 x% Q8 Z# u3 @; ?" ?
What I remember above all about Harvard was being in the midst of so much ener - X6 d( D. z; H$ ], N$ j
gy and intelligence. It could be exhilarating, intimidating, sometimes even di
, I9 _2 ~; u. a! \5 O* V. kscouraging, but always challenging. It was an amazing privilege – and though
: A* `8 s( v0 wI left early, I was transformed by my years at Harvard, the friendships I made
7 D# ]# P6 u1 }3 z3 T1 L2 k, and the ideas I worked on. ( `$ b( _6 [1 A2 j, U6 B2 c$ A
- K' i; O# N4 z6 ?, F" c不管怎样,我对哈佛的回忆主要都与充沛的精力和智力活动有关。哈佛的生活令人愉快, ; M# \2 m) M3 Q0 c
也令人感到有压力,有时甚至会感到泄气,但永远充满了挑战性。生活在哈佛是一种吸引
& n. P7 F, O4 t& O7 b人的特殊待遇……虽然我离开得比较早,但是我在这里的经历、在这里结识的朋友、在这
) k3 P( `+ s, z1 {. Q( C里发展起来的一些想法,永远地改变了我。 & j# {6 `. X/ g; a {
! D, d, V( V) O, [
But taking a serious look back … I do have one big regret. 3 v1 s4 a! s$ R
4 T: V! X3 b6 r# `$ ^/ l但是,如果现在严肃地回忆起来,我确实有一个真正的遗憾。 0 }7 b- {4 Y) O6 p8 ^8 O( R
" r$ w$ B! X3 D( d5 ^4 xI left Harvard with no real awareness of the awful inequities in the world – 8 `3 e! H7 H% r ?" A
the appalling disparities of health, and wealth, and opportunity that condemn
( t3 _; V5 l0 o p) v" H( a/ b+ m0 ?millions of people to lives of despair.
9 k: T+ ~! E2 R$ g' ?0 f! e' X1 o7 B8 y7 A _2 D
我离开哈佛的时候,根本没有意识到这个世界是多么的不平等。人类在健康、财富和机遇 , e) M* Y$ m* C; Q
上的不平等大得可怕,它们使得无数的人们被迫生活在绝望之中。
& I( Z- J9 m9 [7 E; M3 V v, z4 O! c; ]* m
I learned a lot here at Harvard about new ideas in economics and politics. I g
! p2 O- P: Q+ I2 `- j/ Sot great exposure to the advances being made in the sciences.
, z. B- l4 @9 n) v! M& f
+ T# C4 y: a" B' K+ {我在哈佛学到了很多经济学和政治学的新思想。我也了解了很多科学上的新进展。
3 k4 d2 \8 D( s2 A
- @6 j/ L3 u& S7 WBut humanity's greatest advances are not in its discoveries – but in how thos 9 X+ A7 I$ J9 ?& w y# X6 r
e discoveries are applied to reduce inequity. Whether through democracy, stron $ K4 v# W# z4 }* z. k4 Q
g public education, quality health care, or broad economic opportunity – redu
. p9 t4 L6 p) w, d+ x9 u: hcing inequity is the highest human achievement. * p1 N5 K9 H: e2 W) o+ r- V% ]4 \
* Z9 \. y$ @& N: m' E' z+ x
但是,人类最大的进步并不来自于这些发现,而是来自于那些有助于减少人类不平等的发 ' o y' i' I* L6 w' b' L
现。不管通过何种手段——民主制度、健全的公共教育体系、高质量的医疗保健、还是广 4 M4 O/ R5 z* ^2 O
泛的经济机会——减少不平等始终是人类最大的成就。 $ R* P& P3 W$ i4 a, C \
& K8 D# ^% |3 ?* ?1 t* iI left campus knowing little about the millions of young people cheated out of # K' \/ s# T8 j, S
educational opportunities here in this country. And I knew nothing about the 1 f$ c4 J: U/ B) R
millions of people living in unspeakable poverty and disease in developing cou
- h. }: I8 ]; S. |6 Q8 L( L! lntries. / J! ~' n8 F" \% _8 m
6 I7 r1 _/ i/ q# x) ]我离开校园的时候,根本不知道在这个国家里,有几百万的年轻人无法获得接受教育的机 - c4 ]7 R* f! W% y9 \) K; S
会。我也不知道,发展中国家里有无数的人们生活在无法形容的贫穷和疾病之中。 . v; F& G0 j. w0 O
6 Y4 k& e# w' j, tIt took me decades to find out. 8 j- ^% O3 e0 {5 _+ q- v4 t( a* U
$ F/ a9 x# e7 t* F; c3 d% Q我花了几十年才明白了这些事情。
; S- d* v' b$ z" h3 R! n; C5 c& N( H" w, a9 P4 ]
You graduates came to Harvard at a different time. You know more about the wor 1 J$ Y) p3 [6 ?+ p5 r
ld's inequities than the classes that came before. In your years here, I hope
) `0 Z: |0 v# myou've had a chance to think about how – in this age of accelerating technolo
8 A% g3 I$ e0 T' f/ ^! j) |gy – we can finally take on these inequities, and we can solve them.
1 I6 G7 B. r0 w1 z8 x& Q, i
6 J' ~4 h/ `2 W# P! e X# s' |( Y7 ?在座的各位同学,你们是在与我不同的时代来到哈佛的。你们比以前的学生,更多地了解 " w2 [, [, y s! x
世界是怎样的不平等。在你们的哈佛求学过程中,我希望你们已经思考过一个问题,那就
, ?) e1 m |9 L* c; k. N5 B是在这个新技术加速发展的时代,我们怎样最终应对这种不平等,以及我们怎样来解决这
: c0 z, [' G7 l6 ?+ G4 D个问题。
4 O3 y0 v5 v9 x( d' c2 E1 X- x* {# Q5 ]
Imagine, just for the sake of discussion, that you had a few hours a week and
7 C: f' }: g5 f5 Ta few dollars a month to donate to a cause – and you wanted to spend that tim
9 _5 n: J+ F+ v3 me and money where it would have the greatest impact in saving and improving li 1 X% z+ D4 a8 J) l4 a8 f* c
ves. Where would you spend it? 9 P6 o* w. O" @8 ?" Q H
* D' \* \& Q. ]$ j% z
为了讨论的方便,请想象一下,假如你每个星期可以捐献一些时间、每个月可以捐献一些 5 A7 A* y1 n, l% j+ `* U+ }
钱——你希望这些时间和金钱,可以用到对拯救生命和改善人类生活有最大作用的地方。 * Z0 I3 Q& E4 T2 k
你会选择什么地方?
: X1 M! J7 X& w! _/ C0 ^0 p$ r3 l# u8 t0 v+ c
For Melinda and for me, the challenge is the same: how can we do the most good
v: s/ ~% H* b ~' s/ s1 T2 ?for the greatest number with the resources we have.
2 O$ h+ K6 a1 i; n+ L0 {. [$ n% v1 X
对Melinda(注:盖茨的妻子)和我来说,这也是我们面临的问题:我们如何能将我们拥有 6 N. i* W- U& C; j, X; P* }
的资源发挥出最大的作用。 7 x" D% o, h) z8 w
7 e& ?( K$ g9 k1 G# y
During our discussions on this question, Melinda and I read an article about t . s% k$ f7 |5 d+ V/ X- N& e9 ]% F
he millions of children who were dying every year in poor countries from disea & [8 ?% V7 ~# ~! J P& X2 G
ses that we had long ago made harmless in this country. Measles, malaria, pneu / s/ f( C8 _3 A5 s
monia, hepatitis B, yellow fever. One disease I had never even heard of, rotav ) y0 V: k p w( d+ e1 B
irus, was killing half a million kids each year – none of them in the United
8 ]! o4 M: b, r# uStates.
* R. z$ F+ e8 S5 O2 \; c
2 {+ S& ~4 s; m+ b0 i# ? z9 k在讨论过程中,Melinda和我读到了一篇文章,里面说在那些贫穷的国家,每年有数百万的 v) t3 R T* V9 x; n3 T5 [: J
儿童死于那些在美国早已不成问题的疾病。麻疹、疟疾、肺炎、乙型肝炎、黄热病、还有 $ `! ]3 i0 E3 n: s, Y/ w/ t
一种以前我从未听说过的轮状病毒,这些疾病每年导致50万儿童死亡,但是在美国一例死
; U1 b s2 m N* e' z" T$ T, q亡病例也没有。 4 y" e, h% i0 a
: x9 S1 u& }2 M- W3 EWe were shocked. We had just assumed that if millions of children were dying a ; I! b( L! n. f | c# a
nd they could be saved, the world would make it a priority to discover and del $ m# [' ]9 [; \1 L
iver the medicines to save them. But it did not. For under a dollar, there wer
. h9 ^6 @2 Y: F! Ge interventions that could save lives that just weren't being delivered. 6 T1 R' A+ ?. e0 Z
5 t) {# _; _5 y, d
我们被震惊了。我们想,如果几百万儿童正在死亡线上挣扎,而且他们是可以被挽救的,
# g- b. P; w5 f: g" h那么世界理应将用药物拯救他们作为头等大事。但是事实并非如此。那些价格还不到一美 5 d8 H* Z# l7 a% s. l
元的救命的药剂,并没有送到他们的手中。
3 m; ?6 U! b9 N
' _* u8 f9 l- [5 P* \( r" GIf you believe that every life has equal value, it's revolting to learn that s
* k. ?7 y9 c$ W- q! T+ |: S; nome lives are seen as worth saving and others are not. We said to ourselves: " , ^- r/ s- z! Q* h5 S: C- p
This can't be true. But if it is true, it deserves to be the priority of our g
: T% W0 Y8 O+ d, B2 wiving."
2 E' \2 J3 F1 h! [9 C7 P X3 }8 y# V) G2 `
如果你相信每个生命都是平等的,那么当你发现某些生命被挽救了,而另一些生命被放弃
% @3 a, K; V# Q+ m- v3 v了,你会感到无法接受。我们对自己说:“事情不可能如此。如果这是真的,那么它理应 / ]/ n6 G. m/ d; [
是我们努力的头等大事。” ) h6 X( w' @# y, [0 j! P% H- m: D
+ P! }: {7 r2 p7 o; w3 ^0 A
So we began our work in the same way anyone here would begin it. We asked: "Ho
+ ^5 Y% D. j* f& n0 M Z3 Mw could the world let these children die?"
! w' B1 l) j/ \& \; P" V
+ j% g" N& M& ?$ y' ^ G所以,我们用任何人都会想到的方式开始工作。我们问:“这个世界怎么可以眼睁睁看着
' g4 {1 d+ Y4 K# A) y J x这些孩子死去?”
5 F. C( W4 `( j7 k
( _9 l! D+ N) m, l$ b( GThe answer is simple, and harsh. The market did not reward saving the lives of 6 G' ^$ |3 h7 b. U4 X% p$ a
these children, and governments did not subsidize it. So the children died be
6 |* s8 t3 f# g$ t" Pcause their mothers and their fathers had no power in the market and no voice ! @, E3 B2 ?3 T, p9 Z+ }
in the system.
, v0 O9 t* U7 W* ]+ }4 K$ t4 s9 ]" L+ q g3 F7 f: \
答案很简单,也很令人难堪。在市场经济中,拯救儿童是一项没有利润的工作,政府也不 7 W1 D3 x0 t5 ^" n0 T
会提供补助。这些儿童之所以会死亡,是因为他们的父母在经济上没有实力,在政治上没 ! r5 |1 M' c) X. x& _# D5 b, @
有能力发出声音。
+ m0 E X, m; G) f9 f0 k, E) ?/ e0 ]
But you and I have both. 4 D7 h2 ?- ~ c$ B/ n# t: ^$ A# L+ r
G1 N t1 `4 U+ S; j& Z! l但是,你们和我在经济上有实力,在政治上能够发出声音。
# H: r' D8 Y* U0 S/ Q0 E# y! H( Q9 H0 G+ Q2 r: ]
We can make market forces work better for the poor if we can develop a more cr
% i6 J) G2 z; j) P3 weative capitalism – if we can stretch the reach of market forces so that more
+ {( d& ?/ |. b! Fpeople can make a profit, or at least make a living, serving people who are s
9 F- Z* T! w6 O" Kuffering from the worst inequities. We also can press governments around the w
$ s6 ? |, ]! P9 j5 Korld to spend taxpayer money in ways that better reflect the values of the peo
: {/ U3 f$ [" f9 qple who pay the taxes. S/ z6 N' X" u& j/ m
' \8 ?3 k6 \( x* \# o. n
我们可以让市场更好地为穷人服务,如果我们能够设计出一种更有创新性的资本主义制度 & B! c v( h) A* O, Z
——如果我们可以改变市场,让更多的人可以获得利润,或者至少可以维持生活——那么
5 ^# w7 U9 p) f, o8 e,这就可以帮到那些正在极端不平等的状况中受苦的人们。我们还可以向全世界的政府施 5 M$ P8 h& [& k5 J
压,要求他们将纳税人的钱,花到更符合纳税人价值观的地方。 ) G( ], j [ J7 h: o2 d
; p; O0 A( h; e1 C8 u
If we can find approaches that meet the needs of the poor in ways that generat
7 V v5 R2 N, H& I9 {$ |* ee profits for business and votes for politicians, we will have found a sustain
/ V% C' n$ J6 e9 K( y( gable way to reduce inequity in the world. This task is open-ended. It can neve 5 n+ w0 ~3 i/ f% l6 ]
r be finished. But a conscious effort to answer this challenge will change the
1 K/ l B& t% T5 y+ `4 u/ xworld. " n: H$ ?2 `* ?
5 A* `/ F- I! ~: T
如果我们能够找到这样一种方法,既可以帮到穷人,又可以为商人带来利润,为政治家带 + z/ `) p/ g' }$ K. ]9 E
来选票,那么我们就找到了一种减少世界性不平等的可持续的发展道路。这个任务是无限
) u- j0 Z+ G1 k& K4 c. j1 S4 i+ r的。它不可能被完全完成,但是任何自觉地解决这个问题的尝试,都将会改变这个世界。 + \! S( u+ o! E J# p% U+ \
5 U0 z4 v- X3 C- W# M
& @! o5 ^: I" s2 \: H4 fI am optimistic that we can do this, but I talk to skeptics who claim there is $ r4 P- j4 h- `% ?
no hope. They say: "Inequity has been with us since the beginning, and will b
2 q% u4 y! B. ze with us till the end – because people just … don't … care." I completely
2 ` W; o6 n: S7 Z+ B% @disagree.
# a" W3 S& Q( S' B9 D% y) ?8 z2 Y
' N9 W' }4 x3 [* g4 O+ o在这个问题上,我是乐观的。但是,我也遇到过那些感到绝望的怀疑主义者。他们说:“
* x, s) {3 j* d+ A# q不平等从人类诞生的第一天就存在,到人类灭亡的最后一天也将存在。——因为人类对这 * K* i( z* M% s) ?* K# Z8 P
个问题根本不在乎。”我完全不能同意这种观点。
6 R u9 D; A' a9 c# k7 r, ^5 g4 z: e* x( R% C: e, O3 K' ?$ ^/ A# a, i. z
I believe we have more caring than we know what to do with. : Y- H8 F0 t' f$ y* [
# K) a' g7 L. i' Z8 V我相信,问题不是我们不在乎,而是我们不知道怎么做。 4 _0 G* I) K6 ]: u
* |7 m. ?, A: u: k6 l# q5 o) vAll of us here in this Yard, at one time or another, have seen human tragedies
; X) U3 h. f% _; \# z) d3 _, D& dthat broke our hearts, and yet we did nothing – not because we didn't care,
+ X, \& G- }0 ^" Z* ~# |but because we didn't know what to do. If we had known how to help, we would h ( A! L: h4 B3 {# U9 Z6 E
ave acted.
, O! x9 f, W( |: f. Y; N
# q$ P0 u) r& t2 d% l此刻在这个院子里的所有人,生命中总有这样或那样的时刻,目睹人类的悲剧,感到万分 7 Q$ w5 g, R4 F6 B7 i* l
伤心。但是我们什么也没做,并非我们无动于衷,而是因为我们不知道做什么和怎么做。
; L% ]) a# N1 z如果我们知道如何做是有效的,那么我们就会采取行动。 ; s2 `& p. X3 c, U% q, x& z" b, m
9 g, C% `: F7 h9 _. d: p& _The barrier to change is not too little caring; it is too much complexity. & c/ V8 F# X& a) ~% ?9 `5 e6 R
2 Z0 G6 k# e9 {0 q
改变世界的阻碍,并非人类的冷漠,而是世界实在太复杂。 / v4 p8 J2 f. y# }8 f3 c% f! H: {! o
5 Y1 t* l# j7 W5 Y! B/ G/ L, |4 qTo turn caring into action, we need to see a problem, see a solution, and see " C5 Z& ?# u! M0 I* l# B: @* F
the impact. But complexity blocks all three steps.
6 D* ?6 g. t" @/ B
k/ {" l) |# C为了将关心转变为行动,我们需要找到问题,发现解决办法的方法,评估后果。但是世界
/ Q; j3 j' A4 n! f3 T6 C3 m的复杂性使得所有这些步骤都难于做到。
' ~1 w! |& I0 X6 d- s
9 ~$ N1 Z( \5 D* |Even with the advent of the Internet and 24-hour news, it is still a complex e ' M. S( Q0 _: N
nterprise to get people to truly see the problems. When an airplane crashes, o 7 S. }+ ?3 |( J6 U; M% o
fficials immediately call a press conference. They promise to investigate, det
: I5 A- O1 O$ ~9 yermine the cause, and prevent similar crashes in the future.
+ k: y& a# u& N) H7 a' r% D
6 f3 ^, q0 D" P$ F3 E* q' g2 F即使有了互联网和24小时直播的新闻台,让人们真正发现问题所在,仍然十分困难。当一 ! j) H+ z! a a" @ c- ~) S& q7 L f
架飞机坠毁了,官员们会立刻召开新闻发布会,他们承诺进行调查、找到原因、防止将来 5 P/ Z+ j0 T0 K6 A9 k- l
再次发生类似事故。
2 Z0 v% o- z" H1 Y; F
x3 n8 v1 U3 N1 n. s$ yBut if the officials were brutally honest, they would say: "Of all the people
9 Z% e9 G. ]' j6 `1 G" ein the world who died today from preventable causes, one half of one percent o ' z, `! y% g- @: k. P
f them were on this plane. We're determined to do everything possible to solve ) V; _1 u' X2 D' N
the problem that took the lives of the one half of one percent."
e5 J& f4 z0 U5 `( a c% N% F- V7 Y/ }% D0 l: h- O
但是如果那些官员敢说真话,他们就会说:“在今天这一天,全世界所有可以避免的死亡 , H7 K$ E' t6 x, {( P8 @) G
之中,只有0.5%的死者来自于这次空难。我们决心尽一切努力,调查这个0.5%的死亡原因 1 n/ e ^& p1 r; Y* f
。”
2 u' a4 F# D' w* i% ~2 m+ |1 y: I2 ~3 Z1 Y: d; `2 [0 V
The bigger problem is not the plane crash, but the millions of preventable dea . H+ R7 E5 b5 C% }; B7 t( w2 {. D
ths.
7 F5 y0 _+ e5 n
4 [2 Z' R v* T7 X8 C9 j7 |显然,更重要的问题不是这次空难,而是其他几百万可以预防的死亡事件。
* [0 k* s* w: U% n$ }4 z
8 [' p9 L8 }( qWe don't read much about these deaths. The media covers what's new – and mill 0 Z$ Q, G5 }- g0 ]
ions of people dying is nothing new. So it stays in the background, where it's ( z8 s6 d" @- [6 M
easier to ignore. But even when we do see it or read about it, it's difficult
! f1 c( D$ y5 a# R# u4 Eto keep our eyes on the problem. It's hard to look at suffering if the situat 1 Q5 t( {1 G* }( [) `
ion is so complex that we don't know how to help. And so we look away. 9 m/ O+ z0 \* F: F) ?! \) x( ?; e
. _" q% _$ P1 ?
我们并没有很多机会了解那些死亡事件。媒体总是报告新闻,几百万人将要死去并非新闻
4 Y' I; \+ t E1 r" Q' L8 X4 }。如果没有人报道,那么这些事件就很容易被忽视。另一方面,即使我们确实目睹了事件 ) q2 M% V$ r2 o: [1 f
本身或者看到了相关报道,我们也很难持续关注这些事件。看着他人受苦是令人痛苦的,
N% ]* Q, N% `" D# a0 s何况问题又如此复杂,我们根本不知道如何去帮助他人。所以我们会将脸转过去。
% |& \! _- e" d+ H8 i1 l& S2 d" J. W- }, s. D/ s8 n/ C
If we can really see a problem, which is the first step, we come to the second
: r1 b- ^2 P b: Vstep: cutting through the complexity to find a solution. 6 ]& U1 h6 L: p; K s& q. b/ }
$ H8 G0 q- h0 B. c
就算我们真正发现了问题所在,也不过是迈出了第一步,接着还有第二步:那就是从复杂 @$ U) [( u; S' h
的事件中找到解决办法。 * d# s- R) B+ [$ Q( I: {( R8 Z' b
/ a/ t+ X# `( h3 O0 W0 M
Finding solutions is essential if we want to make the most of our caring. If w ; j7 T+ c0 m: V9 L
e have clear and proven answers anytime an organization or individual asks "Ho
; p1 j9 P% c& E6 `w can I help?," then we can get action – and we can make sure that none of th
9 d6 R# g" I, a6 U! oe caring in the world is wasted. But complexity makes it hard to mark a path o & X3 t+ P) ^5 P O
f action for everyone who cares — and that makes it hard for their caring to
' h0 w7 i* a1 n; K" K" V2 Tmatter.
; T, O: H6 a/ ?' u5 @* K4 Q, P2 m' {! K7 Z) |" o4 |
如果我们要让关心落到实处,我们就必须找到解决办法。如果我们有一个清晰的和可靠的
! o# |% I1 X& Y答案,那么当任何组织和个人发出疑问“如何我能提供帮助”的时候,我们就能采取行动
6 ]1 U6 u7 _6 _2 y" b。我们就能够保证不浪费一丁点全世界人类对他人的关心。但是,世界的复杂性使得很难 - J! f5 d) V% P% B) K
找到对全世界每一个有爱心的人都有效的行动方法,因此人类对他人的关心往往很难产生
8 n+ x& K0 m. I+ ]2 B实际效果。 1 X) r7 ~6 l( C Y2 k! \
8 C. }9 D4 j9 m; M
Cutting through complexity to find a solution runs through four predictable st
+ Z& k4 E. U# r$ w) h6 H5 W) |ages: determine a goal, find the highest-leverage approach, discover the ideal
& R8 O* l. e" x! x$ w7 Atechnology for that approach, and in the meantime, make the smartest applicat
* |- S8 N: w! U; z1 Qion of the technology that you already have — whether it's something sophisti
5 x- z9 }# s T" Qcated, like a drug, or something simpler, like a bednet.
% ^! }7 J' X- t7 U2 |6 D( x# g* H8 J$ Y# g/ o/ A3 @' @* f
从这个复杂的世界中找到解决办法,可以分为四个步骤:确定目标,找到最高效的方法, $ j) X1 H) m& r6 L) j* L
发现适用于这个方法的新技术,同时最聪明地利用现有的技术,不管它是复杂的药物,还 O7 g/ m# K) K+ }3 i4 |
是最简单的蚊帐。
6 `2 ~; N8 q$ W1 T4 j& X3 `
) H$ H3 F6 |# \* W2 ^; e" @( sThe AIDS epidemic offers an example. The broad goal, of course, is to end the
. l$ [* m8 N( ^5 t* h/ edisease. The highest-leverage approach is prevention. The ideal technology wou
3 `! v" }2 S p/ h% H4 Fld be a vaccine that gives lifetime immunity with a single dose. So government
& H" [6 l! d3 Z# Ds, drug companies, and foundations fund vaccine research. But their work is li 9 Z3 }% C9 w1 F. |
kely to take more than a decade, so in the meantime, we have to work with what
9 J; ?! y) [7 z: L; @5 r7 Mwe have in hand – and the best prevention approach we have now is getting pe 3 S: f; q% r9 s, C) G1 c! y s
ople to avoid risky behavior.
. o# u9 t7 R. j6 v K5 V# J) e
3 M7 j( h% y4 X: B' a艾滋病就是一个例子。总的目标,毫无疑问是消灭这种疾病。最高效的方法是预防。最理 + ]8 r2 D" i* L& s
想的技术是发明一种疫苗,只要注射一次,就可以终生免疫。所以,政府、制药公司、基
6 S- w8 P; {5 T1 \& p! m! `4 q金会应该资助疫苗研究。但是,这样研究工作很可能十年之内都无法完成。因此,与此同
2 P- a I2 \) s# I5 c( W时,我们必须使用现有的技术,目前最有效的预防方法就是设法让人们避免那些危险的行 ' U2 L0 X4 Y! r# v5 Q
为。
0 z1 X* J' ^; d) K
' K( I7 P/ b2 rPursuing that goal starts the four-step cycle again. This is the pattern. The + R; }5 A# _8 j% I6 `/ |
crucial thing is to never stop thinking and working – and never do what we di * i2 ?6 K; W$ `. {. t8 l7 ^" `& O
d with malaria and tuberculosis in the 20th century – which is to surrender t
6 T+ h* n* ^- J9 z) Fo complexity and quit. $ j* M2 F! D6 x0 n: O' e" a7 l
% }) V) y0 r% a. e0 G4 t
要实现这个新的目标,又可以采用新的四步循环。这是一种模式。关键的东西是永远不要 , E4 y/ t, [9 P/ e- c8 U! k$ K
停止思考和行动。我们千万不能再犯上个世纪在疟疾和肺结核上犯过的错误,那时我们因 $ @0 k4 ?3 m6 e, l
为它们太复杂,而放弃了采取行动。 3 {3 i3 w! A- T4 S9 O1 k
, }: [7 K/ |9 ^# d, k. LThe final step – after seeing the problem and finding an approach – is to me 5 X* e) h+ W" p$ V' D& I
asure the impact of your work and share your successes and failures so that ot
% q" @% x1 s9 H. m0 }6 k0 ^4 `7 }hers learn from your efforts. 1 e N4 {/ ~! ~2 B, Y }0 l
t! f: C, S n! A
在发现问题和找到解决方法之后,就是最后一步——评估工作结果,将你的成功经验或者 . }* \5 Q/ M) X/ U7 U+ r
失败经验传播出去,这样其他人就可以从你的努力中有所收获。
% O% [& u0 F: J* x& q. U6 x4 l8 T6 r* ?2 f f
You have to have the statistics, of course. You have to be able to show that a . ~9 o& z# w7 @) Y$ O9 m/ T
program is vaccinating millions more children. You have to be able to show a $ b% t" ]( _# A+ Y- k! Z1 T. I
decline in the number of children dying from these diseases. This is essential
[! N5 J6 \7 A3 k Fnot just to improve the program, but also to help draw more investment from b
2 e9 |" u$ P2 J/ [: [; A Vusiness and government. , m3 r7 U0 J+ e
# w! A( k* s7 j% ^
当然,你必须有一些统计数字。你必须让他人知道,你的项目为几百万儿童新接种了疫苗 : [. m0 ^+ ~4 b7 L' \
。你也必须让他人知道,儿童死亡人数下降了多少。这些都是很关键的,不仅有利于改善
+ ?: J6 y; K& i, T# a+ p项目效果,也有利于从商界和政府得到更多的帮助。 5 h" G8 g1 f) D2 Y
8 L5 X1 ~$ j1 o: p8 C
But if you want to inspire people to participate, you have to show more than n
) ^7 }) L+ s% {8 w. K# Eumbers; you have to convey the human impact of the work – so people can feel
4 ~, Y4 t, o7 Y8 X6 F7 C5 xwhat saving a life means to the families affected. 2 A, a4 M3 n& s2 c0 G
( ]' ]2 r; L# z8 d, v3 f) q3 y但是,这些还不够,如果你想激励其他人参加你的项目,你就必须拿出更多的统计数字; ' \8 z5 E. v$ w
你必须展示你的项目的人性因素,这样其他人就会感到拯救一个生命,对那些处在困境中 5 T- E0 A9 }) ~# q' o& S) @
的家庭到底意味着什么。 * M* h- L0 S, S( I1 {1 j
/ {8 g" W7 [" o! t3 C% XI remember going to Davos some years back and sitting on a global health panel m- ^2 g$ r; Y2 {
that was discussing ways to save millions of lives. Millions! Think of the th
: x# C0 y( q3 L) j8 B* ]rill of saving just one person's life – then multiply that by millions. … Ye Y P3 l. m' I6 n" Y, Y
t this was the most boring panel I've ever been on – ever. So boring even I c
2 B2 j6 h4 P9 L' {% l/ ~4 [ouldn't bear it.
) J. h8 B2 t9 \% T3 m1 X) x4 I/ o: G1 P9 W# a
几年前,我去瑞士达沃斯旁听一个全球健康问题论坛,会议的内容有关于如何拯救几百万 2 _7 m2 B) i Y5 R$ m
条生命。天哪,是几百万!想一想吧,拯救一个人的生命已经让人何等激动,现在你要把 ( Y, X! |7 Z! V. A" Z' d8 H& s, p3 C, t
这种激动再乘上几百万倍……但是,不幸的是,这是我参加过的最最乏味的论坛,乏味到 7 o9 r8 u# X( E* T# k) k( i: A$ t
我无法强迫自己听下去。
8 K2 X5 |( G( D' P, h8 ]( `' L4 Z
+ s i# U% o" t$ }6 lWhat made that experience especially striking was that I had just come from an 7 v2 k& n7 F/ M" u2 p( }* x8 p
event where we were introducing version 13 of some piece of software, and we
& n! O" i: z& o3 \5 `8 T. bhad people jumping and shouting with excitement. I love getting people excited 9 W/ i5 R0 }: i6 t! c/ w
about software – but why can't we generate even more excitement for saving l ) Q# c! C& Z" g- s& o+ z5 n
ives? 4 _. z5 i H0 @$ _$ o! k5 t& z
& M6 H" i5 l8 Y7 z那次经历之所以让我难忘,是因为之前我们刚刚发布了一个软件的第13个版本,我们让观
& ] i0 W: ~! G9 o' C8 }众激动得跳了起来,喊出了声。我喜欢人们因为软件而感到激动,那么我们为什么不能够
; g- F- n* y3 ^' B" k2 s0 h! U让人们因为能够拯救生命而感到更加激动呢?
9 Y. Q! J# p* }5 g9 x W5 q+ t. R( e. b7 z- e2 f" j* d( G
You can't get people excited unless you can help them see and feel the impact.
# y5 I3 F: U5 G! c% e" jAnd how you do that – is a complex question.
5 a; Q! G' \ j2 L
! A! s5 W. t/ ~: A( n9 k除非你能够让人们看到或者感受到行动的影响力,否则你无法让人们激动。如何做到这一
( ?& J, [# i8 }) M4 \3 c' t点,并不是一件简单的事。 ( m ]+ D) ~7 q. `. O
0 \- C; O/ M2 u1 d% ?$ H8 RStill, I'm optimistic. Yes, inequity has been with us forever, but the new too
]0 p+ c' F- B" S1 c. O# hls we have to cut through complexity have not been with us forever. They are n $ h: m8 c4 W5 ^# p
ew – they can help us make the most of our caring – and that's why the futur
5 U, I$ N9 `& W: b0 Ae can be different from the past. , k; U' c x# t8 P' g7 O" {
q, K' J& M: _% q+ h' c
同前面一样,在这个问题上,我依然是乐观的。不错,人类的不平等有史以来一直存在,
6 `4 |9 C3 w @! `5 v但是那些能够化繁为简的新工具,却是最近才出现的。这些新工具可以帮助我们,将人类
" h0 l' W% c) A" W/ {的同情心发挥最大的作用,这就是为什么将来同过去是不一样的。 3 x2 q: x, k, t" e: V4 L
1 j) ^+ R4 A+ w0 r# V" v
The defining and ongoing innovations of this age – biotechnology, the compute
# ]) T7 u8 F2 v% ?0 Sr, the Internet – give us a chance we've never had before to end extreme pove
2 p o+ N( Z0 @* i" vrty and end death from preventable disease.
' e* r+ y6 y* e2 r0 ]1 f; M* T0 Y+ L6 j7 \% _
这个时代无时无刻不在涌现出新的革新——生物技术,计算机,互联网——它们给了我们
$ j* G2 E0 }- V3 ~3 B3 f/ ~/ L/ @一个从未有过的机会,去终结那些极端的贫穷和非恶性疾病的死亡。
' z7 H# S) f- M; r3 P# J# T# [2 k1 w) P5 `3 [0 e1 |3 u# Z& C+ k
Sixty years ago, George Marshall came to this commencement and announced a pla 8 k3 Z! @, i4 @0 ^* ^2 y
n to assist the nations of post-war Europe. He said: "I think one difficulty i
$ w0 @$ c7 P9 Fs that the problem is one of such enormous complexity that the very mass of fa 9 O- J# K' j, V7 X; k
cts presented to the public by press and radio make it exceedingly difficult f / Q, c% x, f$ @: M" S
or the man in the street to reach a clear appraisement of the situation. It is " j- z; D* P$ @! `# F
virtually impossible at this distance to grasp at all the real significance o
+ G2 L9 [: ~2 x6 [. u% A9 ~f the situation."
9 `4 t/ k- | v! p1 f5 {3 d3 [0 A5 _% i' r% n/ a l& a, G+ b# ~
六十年前,乔治·马歇尔也是在这个地方的毕业典礼上,宣布了一个计划,帮助那些欧洲 2 I; F4 z7 t( ` J0 Q
国家的战后建设。他说:“我认为,困难的一点是这个问题太复杂,报纸和电台向公众源 1 k% q6 P6 W- D4 z% T
源不断地提供各种事实,使得大街上的普通人极端难于清晰地判断形势。事实上,经过层 s! @) I. l( m3 h Z8 g
层传播,想要真正地把握形势,是根本不可能的。”
: P# Y8 U) e$ s7 ]! o2 i$ q
" \. p! j, _# Y) I. e4 D8 P& }2 A' ~Thirty years after Marshall made his address, as my class graduated without me / }# G/ q9 Q8 f S/ K- B7 D8 b
, technology was emerging that would make the world smaller, more open, more v
4 a1 l l8 H* T3 t0 X* cisible, less distant.
; u/ f, j: q. S7 r, _) K7 x) I0 M: @6 ~
马歇尔发表这个演讲之后的三十年,我那一届学生毕业,当然我不在其中。那时,新技术 6 R% k$ A% k: ?. `9 g
刚刚开始萌芽,它们将使得这个世界变得更小、更开放、更容易看到、距离更近。 2 Y) z0 I! h4 _, |2 q7 U: X% r
2 e, ~' r# `4 ]( B
The emergence of low-cost personal computers gave rise to a powerful network t
& p& g- @1 a- Uhat has transformed opportunities for learning and communicating. ) B V4 B8 ?! C: J, h! t2 V( @# F
' Z2 s4 Z/ a( R: b, a: G( x) Z& A
低成本的个人电脑的出现,使得一个强大的互联网有机会诞生,它为学习和交流提供了巨
% `0 B7 J' j6 {# |大的机会。 ( |" P' ?- G4 j7 o0 I
0 u! f- k7 q# A O2 B8 QThe magical thing about this network is not just that it collapses distance an 6 C- w& ?& q8 H" @% O$ U9 \" O
d makes everyone your neighbor. It also dramatically increases the number of b 0 R1 Z k5 L2 d/ W
rilliant minds we can have working together on the same problem – and that sc 4 f/ @( J1 O. J3 C
ales up the rate of innovation to a staggering degree.
' x& ]. n6 s* y# F2 h3 n `3 n @3 X, n1 y. E% @
网络的神奇之处,不仅仅是它缩短了物理距离,使得天涯若比邻。它还极大地增加了怀有 8 \5 i7 ]* I$ v
共同想法的人们聚集在一起的机会,我们可以为了解决同一个问题,一起共同工作。这就
/ ^/ }& Q: k# s2 e/ r大大加快了革新的进程,发展速度简直快得让人震惊。
B& X# r8 V% u0 U
5 Q8 w( ]8 ^4 [- I- c/ w; q, BAt the same time, for every person in the world who has access to this technol # [& P- s, x8 ^# W
ogy, five people don't. That means many creative minds are left out of this di ! k2 g( V/ F A1 X$ H
scussion -- smart people with practical intelligence and relevant experience w 4 z- j; l# k0 j" Z! V% y. n
ho don't have the technology to hone their talents or contribute their ideas t 1 [* J5 ~0 A/ D! H# E" e
o the world. , o2 {% X$ c' i- ~$ s2 v3 a% K
$ G/ j$ `# F( g1 L9 P! }* L6 w4 s
与此同时,世界上有条件上网的人,只是全部人口的六分之一。这意味着,还有许多具有
9 Y9 k8 X( S1 d- W6 \1 p+ r创造性的人们,没有加入到我们的讨论中来。那些有着实际的操作经验和相关经历的聪明 2 g( ~# @( C% _. X( D/ \2 ^
人,却没有技术来帮助他们,将他们的天赋或者想法与全世界分享。 / L$ F! ^* L5 I( z# G7 W" J3 J: M% H
* p5 |. o4 U, r: h" k3 u2 v0 XWe need as many people as possible to have access to this technology, because
j) L: \$ t0 X5 _these advances are triggering a revolution in what human beings can do for one ( E$ ~0 k, d: ]9 B
another. They are making it possible not just for national governments, but f - a3 H6 Q6 {6 J
or universities, corporations, smaller organizations, and even individuals to 5 ?$ P% j8 O; u0 {* D. x: E
see problems, see approaches, and measure the impact of their efforts to addre
7 t; O$ B" X6 \% gss the hunger, poverty, and desperation George Marshall spoke of 60 years ago.
3 c+ V b0 F+ r7 ]8 ?' E* C# {2 \
# x+ ?6 u0 A) ?; g+ y7 }% q" x" k2 s* J我们需要尽可能地让更多的人有机会使用新技术,因为这些新技术正在引发一场革命,人
1 n% |! q2 }$ `7 F2 U' Q( x, Y# n类将因此可以互相帮助。新技术正在创造一种可能,不仅是政府,还包括大学、公司、小
0 V6 z2 M- m$ d机构、甚至个人,能够发现问题所在、能够找到解决办法、能够评估他们努力的效果,去
$ \6 |. w, X0 b* t; M; m7 J- @; T改变那些马歇尔六十年前就说到过的问题——饥饿、贫穷和绝望。
2 K9 ?3 N* u$ l5 I( N, G" Y; Z6 A2 b8 u6 V) m" ]
Members of the Harvard Family: Here in the Yard is one of the great collection
3 r8 s/ P7 |6 D; I2 K) P; K0 es of intellectual talent in the world. ) [7 W) j4 G p$ _2 H* _9 u
; |3 @3 E. I. p5 f% `' R
哈佛是一个大家庭。这个院子里在场的人们,是全世界最有智力的人类群体之一。 3 Z) E' k, g* k. k% Q
6 T9 N9 H& P( b+ DWhat for?
# ^, A. N8 Q0 l P2 W) @& h7 z/ t$ M5 }7 S" g) x9 ~. H6 b: O3 b* D5 B) W
我们可以做些什么? $ H) v; t! a; } e% A9 B/ r
& f5 H& c% u: h/ m, q+ t. a& H
There is no question that the faculty, the alumni, the students, and the benef / G: u/ O" n( } j G
actors of Harvard have used their power to improve the lives of people here an
6 c3 U1 l- P5 v; Q! Y' ~- Y/ cd around the world. But can we do more? Can Harvard dedicate its intellect to ; ]" i) z) n8 U: P- W1 p+ |
improving the lives of people who will never even hear its name? ( H b+ D! C. E7 b# G
* G" o! ~/ S- Y1 ^8 `2 {$ b" Q
毫无疑问,哈佛的老师、校友、学生和资助者,已经用他们的能力改善了全世界各地人们 " t+ g& s2 T7 r2 f
的生活。但是,我们还能够再做什么呢?有没有可能,哈佛的人们可以将他们的智慧,用 8 o! q' ]- W0 p2 Z! }+ z5 G) Z9 m. t
来帮助那些甚至从来没有听到过“哈佛”这个名字的人? 7 ^6 ?' n0 q/ `; d5 a
$ ~- z: \1 J8 n$ ULet me make a request of the deans and the professors – the intellectual lead ; ]! C# G9 |/ w
ers here at Harvard: As you hire new faculty, award tenure, review curriculum,
6 A- X+ p" N# t7 M: Mand determine degree requirements, please ask yourselves:
8 y4 C0 n5 N7 W: o9 E$ n$ \
. ]; ^, }6 {: X' i0 S请允许我向各位院长和教授,提出一个请求——你们是哈佛的智力领袖,当你们雇用新的 2 ~) R4 [" ~% n2 [* ~
老师、授予终身教职、评估课程、决定学位颁发标准的时候,请问你们自己如下的问题:
. u( h! {$ n( K0 [6 E" c8 I7 n7 D0 Q3 p, o$ x3 B6 }
9 Q' ?1 z: Z+ ]0 p4 HShould our best minds be dedicated to solving our biggest problems?
% B9 a( Y; Z4 n! B" m: _0 T1 T- b1 T( q4 `& X5 W+ k: X
我们最优秀的人才是否在致力于解决我们最大的问题? . q2 T) P' M2 ]7 O. s7 S
8 r1 w9 ?$ ]% k$ Q* q/ e; ]. G: O4 kShould Harvard encourage its faculty to take on the world's worst inequities? * v5 ^- ~3 \( }* n6 Z9 p7 q" `
Should Harvard students learn about the depth of global poverty … the prevale ) t/ {6 ]2 g1 F" h
nce of world hunger … the scarcity of clean water …the girls kept out of sch
$ g3 D+ Q5 J0 G0 W2 @ool … the children who die from diseases we can cure? # }6 r, t \: F3 o/ a: n
8 ]+ @% d3 W+ ~
哈佛是否鼓励她的老师去研究解决世界上最严重的不平等?哈佛的学生是否从全球那些极
0 A2 j6 j! ? v, f2 w4 `端的贫穷中学到了什么……世界性的饥荒……清洁的水资源的缺乏……无法上学的女童…
+ O$ O5 O8 s" O3 u v6 r$ c…死于非恶性疾病的儿童……哈佛的学生有没有从中学到东西?
. A4 X$ e! k/ q# a
, l# N' a" C/ ]+ k3 @% _/ [Should the world's most privileged people learn about the lives of the world's $ y7 a6 G; M: K5 ~# m3 m0 k* T
least privileged?
6 L/ o% }0 v) G' r% K# n3 ^3 B1 w
% r+ Z" s F7 {4 J: G' K那些世界上过着最优越生活的人们,有没有从那些最困难的人们身上学到东西? 7 ^9 K) {' Z- C- `: |" O$ }
7 P6 w6 P) X c" U4 |9 X! G8 B
These are not rhetorical questions – you will answer with your policies.
$ {6 D! e8 f, l' w; ~
, H' R/ a( c" m- D6 M4 G3 q这些问题并非语言上的修辞。你必须用自己的行动来回答它们。 + q+ A4 F6 `6 u% h, o% C; W& P0 K' x
+ H9 C" d, c1 pMy mother, who was filled with pride the day I was admitted here – never stop
$ {- }: G3 c! ?6 Z4 |ped pressing me to do more for others. A few days before my wedding, she hoste 5 x$ I% c" w4 B% k Q$ N4 l) Y
d a bridal event, at which she read aloud a letter about marriage that she had
/ q5 s' c' h* M* `2 B* F4 E7 twritten to Melinda. My mother was very ill with cancer at the time, but she s
6 z- Q/ x7 |" K8 J% w9 ^; baw one more opportunity to deliver her message, and at the close of the letter - ^5 U r+ s: |
she said: "From those to whom much is given, much is expected."
( G" t9 d0 w) c m; ]
g D/ H5 G8 C我的母亲在我被哈佛大学录取的那一天,曾经感到非常骄傲。她从没有停止督促我,去为
. a- ]) l4 t8 b( l" e/ k2 p# {+ G) k他人做更多的事情。在我结婚的前几天,她主持了一个新娘进我家的仪式。在这个仪式上 ' I8 H6 I% j q' M7 `
,她高声朗读了一封关于婚姻的信,这是她写给Melinda的。那时,我的母亲已经因为癌症 1 x# l4 W7 o2 p$ V e. K
病入膏肓,但是她还是认为这是又一个传播她的信念的机会。在那封信的结尾,她写道:
) R9 | ^( J; W( U( i$ |& q“对于那些接受了许多帮助的人们,他们还在期待更多的帮助。你的能力越大,人们对你
0 O& g) C6 N5 ?; q% ?2 L% m1 Q t的期望也就越大。”
" f: [6 g- g S. a3 X/ k; H* j1 F- y$ v& w, w
When you consider what those of us here in this Yard have been given – in tal
' B) c I6 k7 D$ ^/ ?3 H0 ^5 uent, privilege, and opportunity – there is almost no limit to what the world 9 p6 l9 d2 ?, p; B
has a right to expect from us.
, L8 M$ B+ v9 c- M0 E/ ~2 a- T/ X# L k% z. I
想一想吧,我们在这个院子里的这些人,被给予过什么——天赋、特权、机遇——那么可 , X# w2 x# e! U! ~) I o# d
以这样说,全世界的人们几乎有无限的权力,期待我们做出贡献。
$ O- j( v1 I5 d0 E7 Q- N
3 n( R4 ]( `3 S( Q$ l" t, @In line with the promise of this age, I want to exhort each of the graduates h 1 ^& J) `9 C0 G0 Z( U5 G3 P: t
ere to take on an issue – a complex problem, a deep inequity, and become a sp
. G2 k+ R4 e1 @5 ^ecialist on it. If you make it the focus of your career, that would be phenome
4 Y) x! u5 l$ qnal. But you don't have to do that to make an impact. For a few hours every we : I @& X; I2 [: ]
ek, you can use the growing power of the Internet to get informed, find others
$ | X% p6 l# |3 Y2 pwith the same interests, see the barriers, and find ways to cut through them. 7 l7 O( ?. n3 H1 w
9 a4 [) f [8 K8 u( z* {4 u9 S
/ t" X8 ` b% v1 C, ?, s3 c同这个时代的期望一样,我也要向今天各位毕业的同学提出一个忠告:你们要选择一个问 2 G1 d2 L9 z' P. v& P6 f+ P& f
题,一个复杂的问题,一个有关于人类深刻的不平等的问题,然后你们要变成这个问题的
5 d7 f8 i" v0 l+ s3 p专家。如果你们能够使得这个问题成为你们职业的核心,那么你们就会非常杰出。但是, 4 e9 c r' V# F O8 C2 v' Y
你们不必一定要去做那些大事。每个星期只用几个小时,你就可以通过互联网得到信息, / I0 q. S5 j3 H* w0 ~" P ]) Y8 g
找到志同道合的朋友,发现困难所在,找到解决它们的途径。 3 `' l1 F* x7 [! q# o; d) H+ @3 \; v
7 K# l- V4 Z8 e) |: K- b4 s
Don't let complexity stop you. Be activists. Take on the big inequities. It wi 8 b, }6 g7 [* n! E5 n/ [
ll be one of the great experiences of your lives. 7 L* \3 I; R3 i
; {: i! R2 m3 F/ Z' i
不要让这个世界的复杂性阻碍你前进。要成为一个行动主义者。将解决人类的不平等视为 . x/ X/ k- @) Q. ?# ?
己任。它将成为你生命中最重要的经历之一。
/ q* c, c! w8 D5 D
% f& P9 B. F# X; g# FYou graduates are coming of age in an amazing time. As you leave Harvard, you
% ^: ^$ v8 g2 p1 vhave technology that members of my class never had. You have awareness of glob ' W/ g3 z: v2 h j7 S% j
al inequity, which we did not have. And with that awareness, you likely also h % l9 k2 K: A, a& l
ave an informed conscience that will torment you if you abandon these people w ) o' I; h6 R% o; n8 U" ]7 ?5 T" n
hose lives you could change with very little effort. You have more than we had
R6 h4 i! e* m. b' y. j; you must start sooner, and carry on longer.
- J3 b/ F6 u7 C6 f4 K3 w
! A3 m0 g' g1 P在座的各位毕业的同学,你们所处的时代是一个神奇的时代。当你们离开哈佛的时候,你
: ?% b$ E7 l' t( s, d们拥有的技术,是我们那一届学生所没有的。你们已经了解到了世界上的不平等,我们那 2 \2 }6 I: o4 ?, q5 a
时还不知道这些。有了这样的了解之后,要是你再弃那些你可以帮助的人们于不顾,就将
! ~/ _) k" T. X3 o受到良心的谴责,只需一点小小的努力,你就可以改变那些人们的生活。你们比我们拥有
y4 ?8 Q h: u$ g/ v2 }7 n9 d更大的能力;你们必须尽早开始,尽可能长时期坚持下去。
: [! ?8 K5 J# h. x3 f
' I* h: I) v# yKnowing what you know, how could you not? # g$ ^1 b& w: k& Y, ~% z# L9 W
' i& b2 {* {& g! j* ^知道了你们所知道的一切,你们怎么可能不采取行动呢? : t2 m" ]6 \# R& G7 @: O) q
( U& |7 H3 [$ w8 h9 i5 T/ m! L. y- tAnd I hope you will come back here to Harvard 30 years from now and reflect on
$ S; n- G: r5 n* {: ?what you have done with your talent and your energy. I hope you will judge yo , c* x' u% c2 I4 J8 K B; R
urselves not on your professional accomplishments alone, but also on how well ! t* k+ O, z5 B a2 @
you have addressed the world's deepest inequities … on how well you treated p
' T7 h) E1 B; o3 a3 b( F. f3 aeople a world away who have nothing in common with you but their humanity. 7 e$ c( w+ z0 Y* `* g
1 u) V$ ^* M( v5 e! d2 E' [: a
我希望,30年后你们还会再回到哈佛,想起你们用自己的天赋和能力所做出的一切。我希
: [$ Q# {8 R' W9 s! B- f望,在那个时候,你们用来评价自己的标准,不仅仅是你们的专业成就,而包括你们为改 ) J, P3 |2 x( z* [
变这个世界深刻的不平等所做出的努力,以及你们如何善待那些远隔千山万水、与你们毫 4 N% x8 h/ O+ U+ Z/ p1 d" n5 v
不涉及的人们,你们与他们唯一的共同点就是同为人类。 |
|