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2008-11-02 01:02:11 来自: lightpie(上次登录还是1.5年前.....) 7 S9 z" B* ]. _0 B, z) K8 g
比尔·盖茨在哈佛大学毕业典礼上的演讲
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. e4 X$ X S0 m: |5 y& ~2007年6月7日 6 q* c) h: t; j" }* c; z* e
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阮一峰 译
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) K2 y- m( y: ~* P$ n; h' F2 iPresident Bok, former President Rudenstine, incoming President Faust, members
$ _2 r! K( V Aof the Harvard Corporation and the Board of Overseers, members of the faculty,
7 p* j6 E; x* p( `+ o. N8 Tparents, and especially, the graduates: ' }& G5 A& V0 F! F. u1 Z8 d
5 c! Z( G8 w9 U" t! S$ a尊敬的Bok校长,Rudenstine前校长,即将上任的Faust校长,哈佛集团的各位成员,监管
: E9 r/ ^' L6 Y0 v理事会的各位理事,各位老师,各位家长,各位同学: E3 D( ]0 q7 _% B8 i* w
; M9 n$ }) V; @8 R1 f, JI've been waiting more than 30 years to say this: "Dad, I always told you I'd
$ Y1 `: Q. a3 p0 ^/ D1 x* h: ~come back and get my degree." M" D! S/ n& b, T! v
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有一句话我等了三十年,现在终于可以说了:“老爸,我总是跟你说,我会回来拿到我的 ! E# m+ Y% w1 \! y' n2 v
学位的!”
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' F5 k; n' t% W+ x$ \) f1 W: J% qI want to thank Harvard for this timely honor. I'll be changing my job next ye 2 W5 K( y9 Z7 m# m/ }) e" O
ar … and it will be nice to finally have a college degree on my resume.
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我要感谢哈佛大学在这个时候给我这个荣誉。明年,我就要换工作了(注:指从微软公司
$ e6 b" y7 E, y) ~% I4 X退休)……我终于可以在简历上写我有一个本科学位,这真是不错啊。
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I applaud the graduates today for taking a much more direct route to your degr
) ^6 {! U. V8 k2 U* I8 ?ees. For my part, I'm just happy that the Crimson has called me "Harvard's mos - G8 c! l' H& I3 e! T3 G' O
t successful dropout." I guess that makes me valedictorian of my own special c 1 D7 d$ F% w" L
lass … I did the best of everyone who failed. I# ?7 W- h1 v, Z
- ^& R: K& t" g我为今天在座的各位同学感到高兴,你们拿到学位可比我简单多了。哈佛的校报称我是“ 4 ]' k. |+ R! Q2 R1 g, S2 ~
哈佛大学历史上最成功的辍学生”。我想这大概使我有资格代表我这一类学生发言……在 ( K( h0 `" r/ b0 R5 B0 H6 m
所有的失败者里,我做得最好。
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But I also want to be recognized as the guy who got Steve Ballmer to drop out
4 J6 c8 H. J& ]9 q& z P2 k6 Qof business school. I'm a bad influence. That's why I was invited to speak at # v; Q2 ^. `/ w4 C
your graduation. If I had spoken at your orientation, fewer of you might be he - H$ W. a: S% d" V
re today.
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. F+ O+ z- i5 v4 m; W! ?9 S1 Z但是,我还要提醒大家,我使得Steve Ballmer(注:微软总经理)也从哈佛商学院退学了 3 }. O! S) n' g+ W8 f" V
。因此,我是个有着恶劣影响力的人。这就是为什么我被邀请来在你们的毕业典礼上演讲
7 q% f% b! F" m7 ~。如果我在你们入学欢迎仪式上演讲,那么能够坚持到今天在这里毕业的人也许会少得多 : U! ~+ k' J& j* w
吧。
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4 q2 ?( f2 _2 ]" @) D& u/ i, A: @Harvard was just a phenomenal experience for me. Academic life was fascinating
7 V- P5 x4 a) w) _0 h9 k9 q. I used to sit in on lots of classes I hadn't even signed up for. And dorm li
% q! ?1 V3 T, ^4 Pfe was terrific. I lived up at Radcliffe, in Currier House. There were always
2 c4 d0 `8 T( \8 }lots of people in my dorm room late at night discussing things, because everyo " N: A1 T# _5 ?* t; f
ne knew I didn't worry about getting up in the morning. That's how I came to b
. T k* {; Y8 I1 }e the leader of the anti-social group. We clung to each other as a way of vali ) ?2 [! L" a% d$ J2 t8 g2 V
dating our rejection of all those social people.
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# r0 Q: D9 N' R+ u对我来说,哈佛的求学经历是一段非凡的经历。校园生活很有趣,我常去旁听我没选修的
% }6 D% [5 }5 V" I6 @2 U课。哈佛的课外生活也很棒,我在Radcliffe过着逍遥自在的日子。每天我的寝室里总有很 ( j$ `( d# D- f% U1 T: @. A
多人一直待到半夜,讨论着各种事情。因为每个人都知道我从不考虑第二天早起。这使得 3 p: h& B' n! D" O7 ~% d: u
我变成了校园里那些不安分学生的头头,我们互相粘在一起,做出一种拒绝所有正常学生
2 `. i- ?" b" _2 q y4 R! x的姿态。
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Radcliffe was a great place to live. There were more women up there, and most
. C/ y. b& Q0 p1 G2 R* a6 ^of the guys were science-math types. That combination offered me the best odds 7 D0 S9 s. a& T' M5 Y
, if you know what I mean. This is where I learned the sad lesson that improvi
, ~3 {" L8 ? z1 Q+ |8 yng your odds doesn't guarantee success. & Y) N& Y) f* u& |5 y* L8 I: v; G
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Radcliffe是个过日子的好地方。那里的女生比男生多,而且大多数男生都是理工科的。这
+ l, n0 Q2 s; A3 f* e9 S' T种状况为我创造了最好的机会,如果你们明白我的意思。可惜的是,我正是在这里学到了
1 Q# X/ b5 h _ [人生中悲伤的一课:机会大,并不等于你就会成功。
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One of my biggest memories of Harvard came in January 1975, when I made a call
$ W$ c3 O& n+ S3 K6 U1 e+ w5 J- sfrom Currier House to a company in Albuquerque that had begun making the worl
2 E4 J4 n3 Z9 c) ~0 qd's first personal computers. I offered to sell them software. , T+ Q) X d4 Y! Y
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我在哈佛最难忘的回忆之一,发生在1975年1月。那时,我从宿舍楼里给位于Albuquerque ; B* g! u. D) O. c' T; [- @2 h
的一家公司打了一个电话,那家公司已经在着手制造世界上第一台个人电脑。我提出想向 : S( d' H6 s8 A7 ^
他们出售软件。 3 t, j# d5 E0 X
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I worried that they would realize I was just a student in a dorm and hang up o 8 l% q; k1 G1 C
n me. Instead they said: "We're not quite ready, come see us in a month," whic y9 E. R4 B+ G( i: Y8 l
h was a good thing, because we hadn't written the software yet. From that mome
7 a& N# _! D+ w4 |% b3 }* a! D" Int, I worked day and night on this little extra credit project that marked the
) m5 e% |4 {# ?+ x4 g7 j ~+ oend of my college education and the beginning of a remarkable journey with Mi
3 G' x% a6 s; ~6 ]# u% H; ccrosoft.
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我很担心,他们会发觉我是一个住在宿舍的学生,从而挂断电话。但是他们却说:“我们 9 ?% ]8 K% [1 _9 D
还没准备好,一个月后你再来找我们吧。”这是个好消息,因为那时软件还根本没有写出 $ D5 O2 _* b! l" g0 z! F3 L
来呢。就是从那个时候起,我日以继夜地在这个小小的课外项目上工作,这导致了我学生
. ^& S; f8 v6 n! p生活的结束,以及通往微软公司的不平凡的旅程的开始。 # p3 q/ L; f$ g1 v
) a: S5 ?- G/ G- p! N- M. AWhat I remember above all about Harvard was being in the midst of so much ener
v4 e+ P( _6 @gy and intelligence. It could be exhilarating, intimidating, sometimes even di
1 ^! ?' ]7 s Z: i$ Rscouraging, but always challenging. It was an amazing privilege – and though
! }* p! y( L2 b- ?9 wI left early, I was transformed by my years at Harvard, the friendships I made ! \/ P8 `2 ?* Q& c n/ h7 c
, and the ideas I worked on. 4 q/ \% t' J. D3 b0 e$ g! H
: @; \. m" r) o& l \2 x6 N不管怎样,我对哈佛的回忆主要都与充沛的精力和智力活动有关。哈佛的生活令人愉快, + N5 E. }9 Y, w% K0 L
也令人感到有压力,有时甚至会感到泄气,但永远充满了挑战性。生活在哈佛是一种吸引
" T# p8 q8 r9 T人的特殊待遇……虽然我离开得比较早,但是我在这里的经历、在这里结识的朋友、在这
$ v5 k8 M9 ?; X' @. `& \1 c里发展起来的一些想法,永远地改变了我。
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But taking a serious look back … I do have one big regret.
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( R' L/ z" w! o但是,如果现在严肃地回忆起来,我确实有一个真正的遗憾。
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4 N, w% L. @) h7 Q) d6 j- yI left Harvard with no real awareness of the awful inequities in the world –
5 J( R5 b. k+ L; K# ~& _1 e9 gthe appalling disparities of health, and wealth, and opportunity that condemn
7 |5 G& W( U! j3 h4 Z8 Cmillions of people to lives of despair.
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; i- M% u3 H% h6 Q, _我离开哈佛的时候,根本没有意识到这个世界是多么的不平等。人类在健康、财富和机遇 9 ]; ^' D/ {: e* J) K5 g$ m0 F
上的不平等大得可怕,它们使得无数的人们被迫生活在绝望之中。
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m3 o3 l" d) X/ Z, zI learned a lot here at Harvard about new ideas in economics and politics. I g
& e, A6 A. e! H1 _, L$ j: M. J1 ~ot great exposure to the advances being made in the sciences. ) B+ d2 W! p3 Q
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我在哈佛学到了很多经济学和政治学的新思想。我也了解了很多科学上的新进展。
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' Z1 r5 P+ _* f2 u; b5 q( f, CBut humanity's greatest advances are not in its discoveries – but in how thos
, W% z4 @2 \- l) q8 n0 B6 x N9 Ve discoveries are applied to reduce inequity. Whether through democracy, stron
& U R: Q3 r( g$ h$ O8 Rg public education, quality health care, or broad economic opportunity – redu
! N/ N. {7 [- K- W) c$ fcing inequity is the highest human achievement. : l6 W& V9 k- f) e' \# y
$ \# B% }5 T$ k( v J: n. l但是,人类最大的进步并不来自于这些发现,而是来自于那些有助于减少人类不平等的发
B. z' [, H2 L, Y* Z/ `) w1 H现。不管通过何种手段——民主制度、健全的公共教育体系、高质量的医疗保健、还是广 & y" F& V, E$ I/ n1 ^, K' |) `. A
泛的经济机会——减少不平等始终是人类最大的成就。
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; B% F' o' T" @/ \I left campus knowing little about the millions of young people cheated out of # s! G8 z. d: \4 T
educational opportunities here in this country. And I knew nothing about the
2 S: e5 B% \8 u1 h4 h- z8 Fmillions of people living in unspeakable poverty and disease in developing cou
* j9 S- J a: `" d0 K$ V, N! Nntries. 6 Z' `. [8 m2 b( m) D6 l
9 y2 C% q& V) [我离开校园的时候,根本不知道在这个国家里,有几百万的年轻人无法获得接受教育的机
5 O3 x& d @3 }# j1 d. H' M9 G会。我也不知道,发展中国家里有无数的人们生活在无法形容的贫穷和疾病之中。
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It took me decades to find out. 1 a( _0 @+ b* R* b o0 w
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我花了几十年才明白了这些事情。
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You graduates came to Harvard at a different time. You know more about the wor 6 s3 A6 T* M, y: v* c1 A
ld's inequities than the classes that came before. In your years here, I hope
" j( l8 r0 n7 i; s! {$ Ayou've had a chance to think about how – in this age of accelerating technolo $ ^, W( X6 H& L( `
gy – we can finally take on these inequities, and we can solve them.
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在座的各位同学,你们是在与我不同的时代来到哈佛的。你们比以前的学生,更多地了解 1 t: D5 B; S, H5 v0 Z& c: n! O
世界是怎样的不平等。在你们的哈佛求学过程中,我希望你们已经思考过一个问题,那就 ! X* u) w7 ]0 }* T' n" G
是在这个新技术加速发展的时代,我们怎样最终应对这种不平等,以及我们怎样来解决这 1 M: I6 c0 Q9 v" q0 b5 o
个问题。
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8 L. _: O2 E8 A7 XImagine, just for the sake of discussion, that you had a few hours a week and * Q) i( K5 ?/ X( i
a few dollars a month to donate to a cause – and you wanted to spend that tim
( V5 U' D3 g% C0 Pe and money where it would have the greatest impact in saving and improving li
& o6 M& ^% U" x9 ?ves. Where would you spend it? 9 h: |9 @0 @8 R& N: b
! _% q! v- H1 ~- i为了讨论的方便,请想象一下,假如你每个星期可以捐献一些时间、每个月可以捐献一些 3 p8 O* W) k: o
钱——你希望这些时间和金钱,可以用到对拯救生命和改善人类生活有最大作用的地方。
% b: C: R6 z+ P* \7 U# [/ p你会选择什么地方?
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For Melinda and for me, the challenge is the same: how can we do the most good 7 j1 j+ m5 k' V+ [
for the greatest number with the resources we have.
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对Melinda(注:盖茨的妻子)和我来说,这也是我们面临的问题:我们如何能将我们拥有
) ~: l+ v, k4 p! B$ m的资源发挥出最大的作用。
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During our discussions on this question, Melinda and I read an article about t
2 m' \! u$ k& s r: b& U' Nhe millions of children who were dying every year in poor countries from disea 6 ?0 Y& l2 F1 f$ I- A( N2 l. E+ C; b0 Y, r
ses that we had long ago made harmless in this country. Measles, malaria, pneu
8 w+ h3 i: \3 t* B* y* L$ T6 bmonia, hepatitis B, yellow fever. One disease I had never even heard of, rotav
, S4 F- V: |6 q; C& Yirus, was killing half a million kids each year – none of them in the United
0 H3 A7 c+ ~, {; U O" v4 \States.
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在讨论过程中,Melinda和我读到了一篇文章,里面说在那些贫穷的国家,每年有数百万的
1 f0 v( J+ v4 `5 ~; w儿童死于那些在美国早已不成问题的疾病。麻疹、疟疾、肺炎、乙型肝炎、黄热病、还有 * @2 F3 k$ Q$ M+ ?2 Q
一种以前我从未听说过的轮状病毒,这些疾病每年导致50万儿童死亡,但是在美国一例死 ; u4 n# C; _, p9 u
亡病例也没有。 5 F& p, ^4 K2 N. U) S
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We were shocked. We had just assumed that if millions of children were dying a
" w% Q3 Z+ j, F, P' M- u/ A8 Ynd they could be saved, the world would make it a priority to discover and del % }. x# o" ]4 q3 k: I$ |
iver the medicines to save them. But it did not. For under a dollar, there wer
6 k5 ^- |3 j6 Q, ce interventions that could save lives that just weren't being delivered. . H R& K. L v
- f3 D& {% J% `我们被震惊了。我们想,如果几百万儿童正在死亡线上挣扎,而且他们是可以被挽救的,
; K8 P$ w+ D3 y0 S# t那么世界理应将用药物拯救他们作为头等大事。但是事实并非如此。那些价格还不到一美 8 Q8 P- |/ Q# Y! y7 r. K% S
元的救命的药剂,并没有送到他们的手中。 6 v$ Q6 o- \: P# | W3 Y, \
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If you believe that every life has equal value, it's revolting to learn that s
D! B) t) r' `* x3 ]) Kome lives are seen as worth saving and others are not. We said to ourselves: " * Q* o% I# T$ e" C
This can't be true. But if it is true, it deserves to be the priority of our g / M" w/ x) M" e7 r
iving." 9 R9 z+ Y: q( B8 o
" g; U9 R5 E8 Y8 A; f如果你相信每个生命都是平等的,那么当你发现某些生命被挽救了,而另一些生命被放弃
% _0 z3 @, K' R3 x了,你会感到无法接受。我们对自己说:“事情不可能如此。如果这是真的,那么它理应 m( f* r* ^5 {7 A! o5 ]
是我们努力的头等大事。” ) M5 M; s/ }' J$ u
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So we began our work in the same way anyone here would begin it. We asked: "Ho ; }3 s- f9 a/ l6 Y2 F7 S& d" H
w could the world let these children die?" ; z0 G/ v2 p4 G8 o
. }# e( d! v- V, @0 m% k所以,我们用任何人都会想到的方式开始工作。我们问:“这个世界怎么可以眼睁睁看着
/ V L2 G; k: Y# t这些孩子死去?” " X j6 |! }0 D6 P; x
; v" Z/ v6 P' U0 V. u/ uThe answer is simple, and harsh. The market did not reward saving the lives of - |1 L$ z: |) ?$ S! c
these children, and governments did not subsidize it. So the children died be
' P* B" t$ s4 }6 j8 L; |0 _5 \cause their mothers and their fathers had no power in the market and no voice
/ y1 a! j; K! }/ j, \in the system. 9 s% V8 J4 i: v. Q( _
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答案很简单,也很令人难堪。在市场经济中,拯救儿童是一项没有利润的工作,政府也不
# @4 x# Z, K2 D. Z: c+ E; N会提供补助。这些儿童之所以会死亡,是因为他们的父母在经济上没有实力,在政治上没 * ]/ {2 F/ q# B, z# {
有能力发出声音。
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3 c0 |3 U# n% B0 vBut you and I have both. $ {+ Q* B0 {4 W- I, Q7 D7 S2 k
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但是,你们和我在经济上有实力,在政治上能够发出声音。
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We can make market forces work better for the poor if we can develop a more cr 0 Q$ i6 Q+ y- J0 S# P, S
eative capitalism – if we can stretch the reach of market forces so that more ) H, f8 S2 \! L2 U L
people can make a profit, or at least make a living, serving people who are s
& y7 b/ g2 I7 g. C6 ~/ e9 T0 Quffering from the worst inequities. We also can press governments around the w
, ]: p* G2 _2 dorld to spend taxpayer money in ways that better reflect the values of the peo + L* m1 ~$ Y6 k" f6 k. a
ple who pay the taxes. % N& J: I; h3 c6 z0 d! n2 K
+ d$ s6 E& b9 D9 t$ \4 Q+ g5 }: ?
我们可以让市场更好地为穷人服务,如果我们能够设计出一种更有创新性的资本主义制度 4 l, d8 [, {1 `, G
——如果我们可以改变市场,让更多的人可以获得利润,或者至少可以维持生活——那么
) y$ [6 S8 Y5 u8 l3 T) P+ u,这就可以帮到那些正在极端不平等的状况中受苦的人们。我们还可以向全世界的政府施 # Q' L+ `( t+ Q8 v! `6 s; W! Z
压,要求他们将纳税人的钱,花到更符合纳税人价值观的地方。 : {0 @2 P4 n/ x2 W9 y( x/ L
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If we can find approaches that meet the needs of the poor in ways that generat
& O+ X3 }3 U$ Z5 W7 w( v0 Q3 Ee profits for business and votes for politicians, we will have found a sustain
8 J0 N3 Q7 I* `1 l; Aable way to reduce inequity in the world. This task is open-ended. It can neve
y2 \3 \. k( u" Q, qr be finished. But a conscious effort to answer this challenge will change the + _$ z/ x: {: w/ t t! M
world. 1 Q1 B D5 v8 L. D6 n
1 N3 T: T& Y0 L0 v
如果我们能够找到这样一种方法,既可以帮到穷人,又可以为商人带来利润,为政治家带
( X4 q! {+ B2 @2 u3 m来选票,那么我们就找到了一种减少世界性不平等的可持续的发展道路。这个任务是无限 . |% F& |+ `1 `$ V6 a, n
的。它不可能被完全完成,但是任何自觉地解决这个问题的尝试,都将会改变这个世界。
$ }: j! r, l/ ^* \3 x+ _
/ r% E" b' S0 l5 l5 \, o7 y! L* k4 z1 i! `; S. g( V
I am optimistic that we can do this, but I talk to skeptics who claim there is 2 c9 H; z! _% ~5 ^3 O9 f
no hope. They say: "Inequity has been with us since the beginning, and will b
5 J6 s1 \* ?& @2 Y Y3 Qe with us till the end – because people just … don't … care." I completely 0 }( R6 p+ f, ]" s5 g2 c3 z
disagree. ) ~2 {; Q" }9 Q9 h4 R! \
6 v( l2 ~/ j* X7 Q在这个问题上,我是乐观的。但是,我也遇到过那些感到绝望的怀疑主义者。他们说:“
6 E% h4 t. f% v+ m不平等从人类诞生的第一天就存在,到人类灭亡的最后一天也将存在。——因为人类对这 ( x0 ~# k$ `- p8 ~
个问题根本不在乎。”我完全不能同意这种观点。
y* h+ g! U0 m' b6 S' Z, |1 T, ^
# Q8 f7 a% }7 a) f) FI believe we have more caring than we know what to do with. ( t9 Z4 g- [ a- u% {
" @4 C* O( }1 x
我相信,问题不是我们不在乎,而是我们不知道怎么做。
" E1 ]/ ?; I* X& o4 a- l g, N) @8 o
All of us here in this Yard, at one time or another, have seen human tragedies 6 J$ v) b0 R; N. r, h
that broke our hearts, and yet we did nothing – not because we didn't care,
0 y5 l% p7 |& H7 ]but because we didn't know what to do. If we had known how to help, we would h
$ K; c- k) d2 @3 Vave acted.
$ y( S; O6 q2 ^4 f" b+ I2 n$ b# n# F" v/ p" H6 A) C( p
此刻在这个院子里的所有人,生命中总有这样或那样的时刻,目睹人类的悲剧,感到万分 3 b* j v3 x% w3 D0 }# H) a
伤心。但是我们什么也没做,并非我们无动于衷,而是因为我们不知道做什么和怎么做。 8 t6 @0 h7 J( i
如果我们知道如何做是有效的,那么我们就会采取行动。
! Z! {, M+ r1 M4 u6 l1 G% S8 c; z# ?( b! R# t
The barrier to change is not too little caring; it is too much complexity. D- M) Z7 o3 r7 i% C. `
^) z2 a, q/ n改变世界的阻碍,并非人类的冷漠,而是世界实在太复杂。
8 e0 i" T5 r: B1 D, |9 F/ |8 w+ |
4 E9 P8 v0 q5 B( D5 q# G/ ETo turn caring into action, we need to see a problem, see a solution, and see 7 `" |, p8 k9 L! X# d. y' u
the impact. But complexity blocks all three steps. - v& _- b8 K4 f
1 B- R) [' b: K* M" P$ g
为了将关心转变为行动,我们需要找到问题,发现解决办法的方法,评估后果。但是世界
; H. \0 z3 l4 P$ Q的复杂性使得所有这些步骤都难于做到。
& J/ ?# T" V0 S* O
4 V+ m D7 ]2 |% h& X. x' zEven with the advent of the Internet and 24-hour news, it is still a complex e
& s0 \( p1 v0 ^; y2 interprise to get people to truly see the problems. When an airplane crashes, o
# t4 x% a+ Z2 _# K" F* officials immediately call a press conference. They promise to investigate, det
0 T! Q4 I4 |( \8 Oermine the cause, and prevent similar crashes in the future.
O% S, e2 a& N6 \: R
3 m) s, ]" o. O7 i8 P# G4 u2 q即使有了互联网和24小时直播的新闻台,让人们真正发现问题所在,仍然十分困难。当一 $ j8 G+ g: I, ~1 C
架飞机坠毁了,官员们会立刻召开新闻发布会,他们承诺进行调查、找到原因、防止将来 0 [8 G5 s4 h: Z" @4 q' S* i2 F; w# z' o
再次发生类似事故。 . R. }' l, }6 q) c$ \$ N
* @; _! _9 p1 F2 |" s6 G; i; b+ DBut if the officials were brutally honest, they would say: "Of all the people
, }7 Q( r( M/ w+ t' B) Z# f3 O, vin the world who died today from preventable causes, one half of one percent o
6 W4 I9 i( q0 l. U& k3 j9 a' {- A0 ef them were on this plane. We're determined to do everything possible to solve * r! `# k; v6 R l3 m5 g
the problem that took the lives of the one half of one percent."
" X* s" p: l% {1 ?' g# P
& F I' _8 L$ c" ~/ p A. y但是如果那些官员敢说真话,他们就会说:“在今天这一天,全世界所有可以避免的死亡 4 R7 h) a W% n" M
之中,只有0.5%的死者来自于这次空难。我们决心尽一切努力,调查这个0.5%的死亡原因 . Z2 c% X4 m7 L4 T3 c' b8 H( w, P
。” 3 Y5 G3 K. k) Z0 m/ _' x/ t% k3 Z
- i2 X" r& z4 v& q9 GThe bigger problem is not the plane crash, but the millions of preventable dea
. C: |" j: ]6 T7 {: \- N* t& l" Lths. & Z/ ?9 y# \9 Y: r9 @4 b" q
" z6 A0 j7 y8 N; ?* m8 C; C7 O显然,更重要的问题不是这次空难,而是其他几百万可以预防的死亡事件。 " F$ K& R4 V& R5 o; [: @
?8 W; P( _- j" B( S! _We don't read much about these deaths. The media covers what's new – and mill & h" T2 S9 P- G8 z/ a- c" F
ions of people dying is nothing new. So it stays in the background, where it's
6 I0 M# t; x$ N/ L3 oeasier to ignore. But even when we do see it or read about it, it's difficult
5 f1 {& r/ \/ o1 y8 f d# Eto keep our eyes on the problem. It's hard to look at suffering if the situat
' ~: e* g: i% uion is so complex that we don't know how to help. And so we look away.
- k2 h, t* E5 D3 V% v/ H: G# U
3 L4 t' o$ {7 L; ]我们并没有很多机会了解那些死亡事件。媒体总是报告新闻,几百万人将要死去并非新闻
, O: x6 w9 \ l3 s。如果没有人报道,那么这些事件就很容易被忽视。另一方面,即使我们确实目睹了事件
1 S" W* n. K2 B$ r5 A* B本身或者看到了相关报道,我们也很难持续关注这些事件。看着他人受苦是令人痛苦的, : s5 [" c! w5 @0 p: ^% }. `# p4 D
何况问题又如此复杂,我们根本不知道如何去帮助他人。所以我们会将脸转过去。 1 j2 S5 {/ i1 W( Y
6 |! c! E. S6 q/ J5 x: l0 a. W4 r+ v5 ~' CIf we can really see a problem, which is the first step, we come to the second % X7 \8 d% ~; y/ e
step: cutting through the complexity to find a solution.
8 ^' @8 a8 I7 [* q8 V3 i2 F- K- m/ K* I2 h! s# N' \
就算我们真正发现了问题所在,也不过是迈出了第一步,接着还有第二步:那就是从复杂 # H( g9 _, l( C# k
的事件中找到解决办法。
) |2 P1 ]3 u0 J- o2 H0 p- V4 V/ I
Finding solutions is essential if we want to make the most of our caring. If w
( z0 B! [, L) V5 C& Z8 z! re have clear and proven answers anytime an organization or individual asks "Ho $ O+ ` z6 e/ s/ D' L
w can I help?," then we can get action – and we can make sure that none of th
* w6 o* I! K6 U; U' g, ~- Qe caring in the world is wasted. But complexity makes it hard to mark a path o + j) V4 |% x9 ?0 }: ~) D
f action for everyone who cares — and that makes it hard for their caring to
) g5 o" G4 |/ U! V9 j5 H0 r) Kmatter.
3 V# `, }/ t8 t a; h1 T. O3 a
4 r h: u: @ x! U如果我们要让关心落到实处,我们就必须找到解决办法。如果我们有一个清晰的和可靠的 % F3 E* C0 U! g$ I: U% u% G
答案,那么当任何组织和个人发出疑问“如何我能提供帮助”的时候,我们就能采取行动 ( C7 H' }& V+ O& ~2 a
。我们就能够保证不浪费一丁点全世界人类对他人的关心。但是,世界的复杂性使得很难
( b9 {$ @4 T/ C1 C' Q) ?找到对全世界每一个有爱心的人都有效的行动方法,因此人类对他人的关心往往很难产生
7 g/ q; V0 B+ m9 F6 j实际效果。
! [+ J' H# r( n! h1 N; i9 K' b" |; M3 S0 k0 k. `
Cutting through complexity to find a solution runs through four predictable st ' M8 W Y8 ?2 U* j. w
ages: determine a goal, find the highest-leverage approach, discover the ideal ' y3 }- E9 l% a
technology for that approach, and in the meantime, make the smartest applicat
: o% n+ N2 D" f4 Aion of the technology that you already have — whether it's something sophisti ; z3 m& r: P8 o) z; E" s
cated, like a drug, or something simpler, like a bednet.
/ }' F$ _1 m* J# r1 @1 x
5 f! E. j. f7 D! o从这个复杂的世界中找到解决办法,可以分为四个步骤:确定目标,找到最高效的方法, - g# z! j; w% u( T& W+ A
发现适用于这个方法的新技术,同时最聪明地利用现有的技术,不管它是复杂的药物,还
2 ?$ i: ~- n% e! A6 ]是最简单的蚊帐。
% `8 m; X* q1 Z- u4 k7 q+ A! X3 I. J& J8 R* Y* v
The AIDS epidemic offers an example. The broad goal, of course, is to end the : p/ u4 D8 ]- c
disease. The highest-leverage approach is prevention. The ideal technology wou
8 O: H ]& R% O# Bld be a vaccine that gives lifetime immunity with a single dose. So government
7 B/ w$ A" p3 k% G: s0 `3 v+ ts, drug companies, and foundations fund vaccine research. But their work is li ! X% R/ }6 @% b+ W; J( c' G
kely to take more than a decade, so in the meantime, we have to work with what 7 b$ J8 B! c9 V
we have in hand – and the best prevention approach we have now is getting pe 3 N# w. b; z- O# y
ople to avoid risky behavior.
& I2 V, Z. J0 r( o c! f. R( Z- t4 |- r
艾滋病就是一个例子。总的目标,毫无疑问是消灭这种疾病。最高效的方法是预防。最理
4 E; C: A$ L8 |6 ^想的技术是发明一种疫苗,只要注射一次,就可以终生免疫。所以,政府、制药公司、基 - H( r0 I8 w9 ?
金会应该资助疫苗研究。但是,这样研究工作很可能十年之内都无法完成。因此,与此同
0 ] z" _4 ?- T! K- w' w时,我们必须使用现有的技术,目前最有效的预防方法就是设法让人们避免那些危险的行
7 @5 u' S' G. l4 X7 w% p为。 ' X, p4 C- `; p; _3 \, s
! ?* C5 T" l. u: S+ s0 p5 H9 X: `! M7 nPursuing that goal starts the four-step cycle again. This is the pattern. The
3 G1 u4 } i+ ?8 Z) W2 p% Gcrucial thing is to never stop thinking and working – and never do what we di
" q: x% K& U% |6 |& L8 Y' T9 R" o" Ld with malaria and tuberculosis in the 20th century – which is to surrender t , h* e$ k! ]' {! R, d, r3 N
o complexity and quit.
. w8 Y) m( e6 n/ X, u E
2 B/ ~8 E6 x. q要实现这个新的目标,又可以采用新的四步循环。这是一种模式。关键的东西是永远不要
' }. |: l6 o' H3 L+ T0 c2 r0 [; U8 J4 g停止思考和行动。我们千万不能再犯上个世纪在疟疾和肺结核上犯过的错误,那时我们因 6 ^5 L- \4 x( { F( Z
为它们太复杂,而放弃了采取行动。 $ G X0 F: `7 K9 K
, L' o9 }% ?4 _3 E
The final step – after seeing the problem and finding an approach – is to me
' `( P C6 H2 k+ Easure the impact of your work and share your successes and failures so that ot ! h$ u* _# r/ J5 C( K
hers learn from your efforts.
) K, w/ C z9 S" F' i5 U% I4 m3 w6 G" o& N# c7 M
在发现问题和找到解决方法之后,就是最后一步——评估工作结果,将你的成功经验或者
. s5 Y7 r ?) _# K& y% M( t失败经验传播出去,这样其他人就可以从你的努力中有所收获。
* m9 Q% ?$ R3 c1 o* F6 Y$ l7 T4 k( Y% R, p; R3 H
You have to have the statistics, of course. You have to be able to show that a / y% W& a! X r' A! c$ s0 e
program is vaccinating millions more children. You have to be able to show a , j8 t# F) a. f
decline in the number of children dying from these diseases. This is essential
" L3 l( e- O# ^ C. _not just to improve the program, but also to help draw more investment from b
/ f; _- ^. r1 A+ |) s& b( Jusiness and government.
M/ J3 k% \. ~
$ O+ m, |! m' e当然,你必须有一些统计数字。你必须让他人知道,你的项目为几百万儿童新接种了疫苗 " K3 n# @ E( Q3 |, H8 O, t
。你也必须让他人知道,儿童死亡人数下降了多少。这些都是很关键的,不仅有利于改善 7 L r2 n! B/ E6 q) n2 H& x2 ~
项目效果,也有利于从商界和政府得到更多的帮助。 4 r/ t* H: _' o" Z7 N7 ?
: }- H* p" P: s- D# EBut if you want to inspire people to participate, you have to show more than n
: ^! y# A7 V/ Q7 t2 L% Wumbers; you have to convey the human impact of the work – so people can feel 7 p& ~1 z; n; ^# t9 T. l; A
what saving a life means to the families affected. 0 D1 k2 e4 ~) u% V- l1 U" E
: m$ x4 S- U) z1 q& z' d
但是,这些还不够,如果你想激励其他人参加你的项目,你就必须拿出更多的统计数字;
5 t' O. J% D4 \0 l8 z你必须展示你的项目的人性因素,这样其他人就会感到拯救一个生命,对那些处在困境中 4 o, Q( \5 i+ Z$ F# p8 e
的家庭到底意味着什么。
4 r( M# l# ` u& x7 o' Z0 I( x2 N$ |3 }! Y# x8 h
I remember going to Davos some years back and sitting on a global health panel
, ~0 F. A# h$ T; b3 N- ?) qthat was discussing ways to save millions of lives. Millions! Think of the th
0 ?! j1 u j( e8 g8 N. j6 nrill of saving just one person's life – then multiply that by millions. … Ye
1 y' ^; L3 j9 V- [! \0 j% a' Et this was the most boring panel I've ever been on – ever. So boring even I c 1 @% E7 B* F7 S
ouldn't bear it.
* |7 f0 I& L; k; f" F- g; a2 q& q
* m* N% ~) p4 N; K' _2 m3 n" o几年前,我去瑞士达沃斯旁听一个全球健康问题论坛,会议的内容有关于如何拯救几百万
/ v3 E) d1 |4 t条生命。天哪,是几百万!想一想吧,拯救一个人的生命已经让人何等激动,现在你要把 7 ]8 ^0 f6 {2 t8 W& U
这种激动再乘上几百万倍……但是,不幸的是,这是我参加过的最最乏味的论坛,乏味到
. I) A, l7 h& ?& h0 Z. Y/ e我无法强迫自己听下去。 # Y/ b! h# k9 v
* V+ k& p. ~( q; m$ r- e4 bWhat made that experience especially striking was that I had just come from an # m$ m& O* e0 R& g
event where we were introducing version 13 of some piece of software, and we
- T% T4 n6 o3 I( Thad people jumping and shouting with excitement. I love getting people excited
. j# L) v$ |9 L& k7 E' z& oabout software – but why can't we generate even more excitement for saving l / I/ J! O5 Q/ q+ f5 Q" v) `( m0 J9 Z7 W
ives? # w- l- ?' P3 |
% X' }) E6 m" f( Q$ V那次经历之所以让我难忘,是因为之前我们刚刚发布了一个软件的第13个版本,我们让观
, h3 ` M8 n) [众激动得跳了起来,喊出了声。我喜欢人们因为软件而感到激动,那么我们为什么不能够
2 s: |1 `$ I8 z$ `让人们因为能够拯救生命而感到更加激动呢?
9 [$ s) M$ y; K, E/ H3 L$ @- r
/ l5 ^6 j" q3 x d% J! WYou can't get people excited unless you can help them see and feel the impact. 2 ]4 W" o. }% Z/ d
And how you do that – is a complex question. * E) _# _; t* J0 n* ~. L, k0 j2 t
4 O4 Z& V/ b4 A6 o3 |6 h5 F8 A
除非你能够让人们看到或者感受到行动的影响力,否则你无法让人们激动。如何做到这一
% y8 D$ x4 ]: X点,并不是一件简单的事。
% m8 T0 g6 M% m( V! |+ ~" K: [; q' ?5 S0 C) F
Still, I'm optimistic. Yes, inequity has been with us forever, but the new too - p0 Q6 M6 l& Q8 R" Y% p$ M+ u
ls we have to cut through complexity have not been with us forever. They are n 1 I( T$ E4 J3 n, D. j4 ~
ew – they can help us make the most of our caring – and that's why the futur 0 N' ?5 Q+ o; K+ H. X
e can be different from the past. : D ~# f! C' H. N) R5 s
% ^( F ^) ]1 t. O0 Y
同前面一样,在这个问题上,我依然是乐观的。不错,人类的不平等有史以来一直存在,
# r3 @: Q) s1 M+ r+ c% W但是那些能够化繁为简的新工具,却是最近才出现的。这些新工具可以帮助我们,将人类
Q: p, y9 r1 y! z S7 g& K6 n的同情心发挥最大的作用,这就是为什么将来同过去是不一样的。 * G% ^; n. R4 b- t) P; ~
. R7 y" |1 q# J9 mThe defining and ongoing innovations of this age – biotechnology, the compute
1 b/ ^5 O0 W9 B9 @. Sr, the Internet – give us a chance we've never had before to end extreme pove
6 G; l' x& a, Y3 J, ~( \7 V1 rrty and end death from preventable disease.
; h# {3 V3 n* E0 w
+ w9 P; ?- D6 V' l这个时代无时无刻不在涌现出新的革新——生物技术,计算机,互联网——它们给了我们 8 I8 }+ f3 q$ k) N8 u, j6 H
一个从未有过的机会,去终结那些极端的贫穷和非恶性疾病的死亡。 * v4 A1 Y5 {' c+ \
7 a( A1 |( J. G2 ]% H4 N% [
Sixty years ago, George Marshall came to this commencement and announced a pla
5 \6 |0 g0 ?3 \7 I2 A. y$ g' V8 nn to assist the nations of post-war Europe. He said: "I think one difficulty i
& l9 v. g9 H& I, N4 Ws that the problem is one of such enormous complexity that the very mass of fa
( \1 |. f+ Q- ^. x4 Acts presented to the public by press and radio make it exceedingly difficult f
/ `0 p# v# W: {or the man in the street to reach a clear appraisement of the situation. It is
6 p% J9 J) s" B! { avirtually impossible at this distance to grasp at all the real significance o # _2 ^" I1 G4 m# [- E
f the situation."
" o2 x5 R* q) R4 w; K0 U' X; o; j r j6 o' h
六十年前,乔治·马歇尔也是在这个地方的毕业典礼上,宣布了一个计划,帮助那些欧洲 2 `8 H( n7 ]; e! n0 F, u/ U2 Z
国家的战后建设。他说:“我认为,困难的一点是这个问题太复杂,报纸和电台向公众源 + `# f/ B& ~) B; \' w
源不断地提供各种事实,使得大街上的普通人极端难于清晰地判断形势。事实上,经过层
; |4 F- g6 y/ f% }层传播,想要真正地把握形势,是根本不可能的。” : a7 `; `! Q: `! e8 w
2 E2 g4 f' I9 w) a
Thirty years after Marshall made his address, as my class graduated without me . x2 I& e: j2 T+ s' y) ]7 h& W# ~
, technology was emerging that would make the world smaller, more open, more v
1 V* ?# r4 R8 v w& X) c6 Yisible, less distant. - J0 N5 U4 h2 t! |8 _
$ D7 G# }6 B/ x0 F
马歇尔发表这个演讲之后的三十年,我那一届学生毕业,当然我不在其中。那时,新技术 ) Z1 @& f( y; b1 I3 |; P, j# O
刚刚开始萌芽,它们将使得这个世界变得更小、更开放、更容易看到、距离更近。 x( q' C! p$ o1 U6 P
+ K! `5 A: B+ i
The emergence of low-cost personal computers gave rise to a powerful network t
5 P- h$ o6 ~! D# Ihat has transformed opportunities for learning and communicating.
$ ?. U+ O6 k. N9 p" Q( Y' @1 K! A0 ~9 w% v
低成本的个人电脑的出现,使得一个强大的互联网有机会诞生,它为学习和交流提供了巨
+ e! [/ S9 r* \/ z2 l大的机会。
, i$ r6 g' i1 ?, b! L
0 `0 x. v( K( ?: rThe magical thing about this network is not just that it collapses distance an
3 c( k& W5 s% ^+ B3 |* N6 }9 Ld makes everyone your neighbor. It also dramatically increases the number of b
3 Z: d; c& q8 q8 |% y! }% Zrilliant minds we can have working together on the same problem – and that sc , N" ?3 v; k7 O
ales up the rate of innovation to a staggering degree.
c7 l$ a7 C5 }2 s( E' t+ C7 F3 }3 I% v* D* w) R/ Y7 m
网络的神奇之处,不仅仅是它缩短了物理距离,使得天涯若比邻。它还极大地增加了怀有
6 ^& ]" u/ A5 h% ~共同想法的人们聚集在一起的机会,我们可以为了解决同一个问题,一起共同工作。这就
5 \& P/ L( s1 G大大加快了革新的进程,发展速度简直快得让人震惊。 ' G& e1 @* Z* D/ X
2 j" Z7 ^& ]! v7 c5 q" `
At the same time, for every person in the world who has access to this technol
% M F/ U7 D& v' L' |ogy, five people don't. That means many creative minds are left out of this di + r c" L4 t% V
scussion -- smart people with practical intelligence and relevant experience w
% R' D# h( a+ W& U; q1 e" R; m. gho don't have the technology to hone their talents or contribute their ideas t 4 M% p9 ^3 Z- N7 x
o the world.
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与此同时,世界上有条件上网的人,只是全部人口的六分之一。这意味着,还有许多具有
( C! o' G7 F3 \* X% Q创造性的人们,没有加入到我们的讨论中来。那些有着实际的操作经验和相关经历的聪明
" r) Y/ m" |$ k. N人,却没有技术来帮助他们,将他们的天赋或者想法与全世界分享。 . t3 A7 p) L* R4 D# C) c
- ^( [4 W0 `& a7 L' l4 d
We need as many people as possible to have access to this technology, because
" j; }5 ?8 G# f' r* |' Y, ~) T4 othese advances are triggering a revolution in what human beings can do for one
7 N, T9 h1 K# Uanother. They are making it possible not just for national governments, but f
* f2 \7 `# L- \, z6 `+ D# Dor universities, corporations, smaller organizations, and even individuals to % N1 F+ B, N2 O3 y! W# h
see problems, see approaches, and measure the impact of their efforts to addre
- T* A; ^9 O, O( }) [. S2 _ss the hunger, poverty, and desperation George Marshall spoke of 60 years ago.
4 B5 L& `7 c2 @0 |5 B8 y1 s1 w& I5 t" N
/ C7 J4 |1 J4 L$ W我们需要尽可能地让更多的人有机会使用新技术,因为这些新技术正在引发一场革命,人 + H% l% ^! T7 J% z: j* k
类将因此可以互相帮助。新技术正在创造一种可能,不仅是政府,还包括大学、公司、小
7 | {5 P8 g; b1 b机构、甚至个人,能够发现问题所在、能够找到解决办法、能够评估他们努力的效果,去 ) ~8 X& y2 t- e) B- u
改变那些马歇尔六十年前就说到过的问题——饥饿、贫穷和绝望。 ! n0 j, b1 ?3 L3 p
* Z7 p; u" r h" R/ r
Members of the Harvard Family: Here in the Yard is one of the great collection 8 ^ F+ c6 |: _7 n
s of intellectual talent in the world. , j4 g/ N: h$ L
, i$ i5 i8 Y: F7 `& \' a9 Q哈佛是一个大家庭。这个院子里在场的人们,是全世界最有智力的人类群体之一。
9 q; _: e6 g9 o6 t- ]& d4 s, {4 i- n8 ~" s9 l$ f8 _
What for? ( v6 f' n, F/ E, G
1 g( W: z/ \1 g/ m( r8 N' M+ ~我们可以做些什么? 9 u6 S' j) \+ T9 i7 u
4 q$ f/ z$ A0 _" P2 N3 q1 e
There is no question that the faculty, the alumni, the students, and the benef + A1 x0 K3 H$ o! K4 D Z$ P1 `
actors of Harvard have used their power to improve the lives of people here an " ~' [5 d& M1 P3 e
d around the world. But can we do more? Can Harvard dedicate its intellect to
: s4 R) P# W5 Ximproving the lives of people who will never even hear its name? " @$ g9 ]9 L1 b( |
$ N# F n1 E. H0 Q$ g毫无疑问,哈佛的老师、校友、学生和资助者,已经用他们的能力改善了全世界各地人们 0 l. `7 x4 z4 [ k) V# C+ |
的生活。但是,我们还能够再做什么呢?有没有可能,哈佛的人们可以将他们的智慧,用
/ {! L$ |: w# C. k/ K9 r" }来帮助那些甚至从来没有听到过“哈佛”这个名字的人?
' {2 E1 S ^7 G! y( c5 t$ @5 C: Z$ e$ ` b$ n% e
Let me make a request of the deans and the professors – the intellectual lead
* ]: j/ e8 J6 Y% r5 Zers here at Harvard: As you hire new faculty, award tenure, review curriculum,
4 I# a# B. f# W |and determine degree requirements, please ask yourselves: % v5 M5 e# X. o+ u# I/ W
) u) |7 L" d5 [+ ?) g$ r
请允许我向各位院长和教授,提出一个请求——你们是哈佛的智力领袖,当你们雇用新的
1 s: ], M. L4 u1 Z/ D, V老师、授予终身教职、评估课程、决定学位颁发标准的时候,请问你们自己如下的问题:
! P, z0 |- H6 J2 ^" e* n% P# Q# I/ {$ n4 ^7 |
' C6 w7 d$ S$ x, x. I8 GShould our best minds be dedicated to solving our biggest problems? ; {6 @9 e+ s% M. }
+ ^! R. N' \, \我们最优秀的人才是否在致力于解决我们最大的问题? 0 c' u4 f! t$ \/ w3 G" m+ b
+ d8 h' e( y2 s$ V7 \0 ZShould Harvard encourage its faculty to take on the world's worst inequities? " ]) n0 C& J# E4 C1 n
Should Harvard students learn about the depth of global poverty … the prevale 4 {( a1 u& o% i# e2 @8 f' O9 x
nce of world hunger … the scarcity of clean water …the girls kept out of sch + l: x3 k: {( S' N
ool … the children who die from diseases we can cure?
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哈佛是否鼓励她的老师去研究解决世界上最严重的不平等?哈佛的学生是否从全球那些极
0 P7 l1 m* j8 c, D端的贫穷中学到了什么……世界性的饥荒……清洁的水资源的缺乏……无法上学的女童…
/ Q3 s5 Z: H9 N; t9 a…死于非恶性疾病的儿童……哈佛的学生有没有从中学到东西?
: {; q3 t" @9 G% p- R; A: f$ `. q! P) F5 @& d
Should the world's most privileged people learn about the lives of the world's
: M4 T8 c) x2 c& _5 Yleast privileged? " ]- `0 d; z( h$ N5 A# X2 E
( F9 R3 P- |( m5 f: b那些世界上过着最优越生活的人们,有没有从那些最困难的人们身上学到东西?
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; C+ q) Z1 D9 r- N) G; W6 ^These are not rhetorical questions – you will answer with your policies.
2 B. w- C/ z) z- N7 {; i2 N& [7 p p* L o8 P0 B7 B$ D7 E
这些问题并非语言上的修辞。你必须用自己的行动来回答它们。 ( i0 H6 R: ^/ l( p
5 \ ~+ r" ~% |" @% A: vMy mother, who was filled with pride the day I was admitted here – never stop 5 m# M: n8 e. r
ped pressing me to do more for others. A few days before my wedding, she hoste
7 A4 z+ S+ c" A }d a bridal event, at which she read aloud a letter about marriage that she had
4 _* N( e# F$ g. k+ m f9 \+ T8 C) Lwritten to Melinda. My mother was very ill with cancer at the time, but she s , w+ R' Z; Z& {) b; r
aw one more opportunity to deliver her message, and at the close of the letter 1 P _' P- ]9 C7 d6 D- ]
she said: "From those to whom much is given, much is expected."
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# y6 V% X' q v% U% j* |我的母亲在我被哈佛大学录取的那一天,曾经感到非常骄傲。她从没有停止督促我,去为 & Z5 K _. q1 g- Q+ d4 k; j
他人做更多的事情。在我结婚的前几天,她主持了一个新娘进我家的仪式。在这个仪式上 / O3 s% K1 W1 s; I- s: |1 t
,她高声朗读了一封关于婚姻的信,这是她写给Melinda的。那时,我的母亲已经因为癌症 0 }5 z" |7 ^( d4 x3 R7 W
病入膏肓,但是她还是认为这是又一个传播她的信念的机会。在那封信的结尾,她写道: & M, J" I& }% ]
“对于那些接受了许多帮助的人们,他们还在期待更多的帮助。你的能力越大,人们对你 5 n. e- u& ?# O- S" t9 ]$ r4 P
的期望也就越大。” 7 U. C3 n( M8 Q/ \9 S
8 w9 S/ F; Z8 ?9 F- N& jWhen you consider what those of us here in this Yard have been given – in tal
. j; v; X, b! n$ e- @$ Aent, privilege, and opportunity – there is almost no limit to what the world ) o! o! a! H( i6 _, u( w+ h3 V
has a right to expect from us.
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+ S$ B0 l9 \5 k! S7 M! U想一想吧,我们在这个院子里的这些人,被给予过什么——天赋、特权、机遇——那么可
# n$ b8 O' I. G8 ~以这样说,全世界的人们几乎有无限的权力,期待我们做出贡献。 5 {+ c9 B: M8 D/ ?) N. a' f
7 i! G B; U+ U& \
In line with the promise of this age, I want to exhort each of the graduates h
5 t1 T7 P8 a6 R* Cere to take on an issue – a complex problem, a deep inequity, and become a sp . ^- X8 r4 `6 c% D3 c1 H
ecialist on it. If you make it the focus of your career, that would be phenome
5 ?6 |( j, ~% L5 E! Hnal. But you don't have to do that to make an impact. For a few hours every we
1 ]1 v4 p( t0 G9 u } I2 e' t' jek, you can use the growing power of the Internet to get informed, find others
% y# R9 W7 [) ^0 \9 @with the same interests, see the barriers, and find ways to cut through them. ' N1 ^# v9 v& U/ a9 I* |/ d
2 q# |& E0 @5 t, s. G: K( U$ B
7 S) W5 G5 k# K# k' Z同这个时代的期望一样,我也要向今天各位毕业的同学提出一个忠告:你们要选择一个问
$ o4 {4 ~( m8 w0 I题,一个复杂的问题,一个有关于人类深刻的不平等的问题,然后你们要变成这个问题的 ' }: x/ F ]0 b# ~
专家。如果你们能够使得这个问题成为你们职业的核心,那么你们就会非常杰出。但是, 3 H' f1 L7 f* n5 ~
你们不必一定要去做那些大事。每个星期只用几个小时,你就可以通过互联网得到信息,
; d7 q, {; P$ y) e; E找到志同道合的朋友,发现困难所在,找到解决它们的途径。 $ Q2 a/ C ]' V. |# R \; H
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Don't let complexity stop you. Be activists. Take on the big inequities. It wi
f5 ^: Q2 ~8 ?ll be one of the great experiences of your lives. 5 D5 j* k1 Q& H) b( m! z* q
9 X4 @: y0 F& j$ ^7 x! X; E* ^
不要让这个世界的复杂性阻碍你前进。要成为一个行动主义者。将解决人类的不平等视为 4 h4 o6 y4 h; }$ ]
己任。它将成为你生命中最重要的经历之一。 $ t8 L; Y$ _# K
/ e7 T9 d! I7 t; n4 N2 ]9 ?2 a1 c, @& \You graduates are coming of age in an amazing time. As you leave Harvard, you
) n0 C& Y/ C" `have technology that members of my class never had. You have awareness of glob ]$ a" h/ }; V# R1 G, |* {7 z( V# C
al inequity, which we did not have. And with that awareness, you likely also h 5 ]7 B( r( S; o
ave an informed conscience that will torment you if you abandon these people w
7 v7 s3 Y0 N5 n/ c2 I5 g, n( shose lives you could change with very little effort. You have more than we had 8 u' [" H/ F% ?6 k0 @1 z
; you must start sooner, and carry on longer. 7 e# E* y4 N$ p0 d% d
8 u2 Q; B) K F8 @& t4 d9 `5 l) p
在座的各位毕业的同学,你们所处的时代是一个神奇的时代。当你们离开哈佛的时候,你 - V; e7 Z, \0 D+ J' F) h7 }6 K. n
们拥有的技术,是我们那一届学生所没有的。你们已经了解到了世界上的不平等,我们那 - n4 l- p& @6 \9 A7 }- h
时还不知道这些。有了这样的了解之后,要是你再弃那些你可以帮助的人们于不顾,就将
k0 g7 P& t& p2 p" U受到良心的谴责,只需一点小小的努力,你就可以改变那些人们的生活。你们比我们拥有 ; ?! ~, i9 U% U- D- `) g; h) B
更大的能力;你们必须尽早开始,尽可能长时期坚持下去。 + S# |4 V# n7 N
. X: P k# u" [
Knowing what you know, how could you not? , X7 S+ R# J) K* b' [/ \
$ U0 T1 Y; @$ ~: O0 R. _知道了你们所知道的一切,你们怎么可能不采取行动呢? : N/ j; W& V+ t* k& n9 M- s
: M' m, [3 P Q$ ?! \8 {
And I hope you will come back here to Harvard 30 years from now and reflect on 0 t) a) x K" H8 u D; l$ G
what you have done with your talent and your energy. I hope you will judge yo
, b/ X; w5 s$ ?: H. q9 w" ~/ s1 curselves not on your professional accomplishments alone, but also on how well 0 ^- U1 E) P. k& f: \
you have addressed the world's deepest inequities … on how well you treated p
- L8 P! H% t3 W: Deople a world away who have nothing in common with you but their humanity. - k6 o# F* I* C( [
) F0 F; ^) z' S4 P
我希望,30年后你们还会再回到哈佛,想起你们用自己的天赋和能力所做出的一切。我希 + @( R( b9 l, l9 E1 ^
望,在那个时候,你们用来评价自己的标准,不仅仅是你们的专业成就,而包括你们为改 * G( W4 m8 s/ Y/ H6 T# P5 K% F; c
变这个世界深刻的不平等所做出的努力,以及你们如何善待那些远隔千山万水、与你们毫 3 q7 p1 p0 l9 a
不涉及的人们,你们与他们唯一的共同点就是同为人类。 |
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