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2008-11-02 01:02:11 来自: lightpie(上次登录还是1.5年前.....)
9 ]7 a, F1 b$ B2 l# T比尔·盖茨在哈佛大学毕业典礼上的演讲 2 Z$ G0 o6 A, A% s
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2007年6月7日 ^# F$ Y8 M% X7 _* `" a) \
; E, d/ o& u' x+ Q2 Z阮一峰 译
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0 m: h( R* K$ D# Z) _& CPresident Bok, former President Rudenstine, incoming President Faust, members
: i2 b2 M+ j0 l+ H. H" l; K4 hof the Harvard Corporation and the Board of Overseers, members of the faculty, & b5 O% b$ a' H
parents, and especially, the graduates:
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2 y# S9 |" T5 t8 K: @& c7 H( D尊敬的Bok校长,Rudenstine前校长,即将上任的Faust校长,哈佛集团的各位成员,监管 G8 O, C- p1 N0 f) J1 u
理事会的各位理事,各位老师,各位家长,各位同学:
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+ V/ d- y/ E u. mI've been waiting more than 30 years to say this: "Dad, I always told you I'd ' u6 J5 R m, u2 ?0 i+ r
come back and get my degree." 5 J* Z9 }9 V9 Q3 `) ~$ D
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有一句话我等了三十年,现在终于可以说了:“老爸,我总是跟你说,我会回来拿到我的 + |0 P: c; Y2 T/ s2 f
学位的!”
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I want to thank Harvard for this timely honor. I'll be changing my job next ye
s8 r: K- T, x" l- k k" Gar … and it will be nice to finally have a college degree on my resume. , g3 d9 Y, `0 }& Y" D% r1 [
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我要感谢哈佛大学在这个时候给我这个荣誉。明年,我就要换工作了(注:指从微软公司 4 Y, |( g6 Y7 ^2 X" F/ F/ t+ {
退休)……我终于可以在简历上写我有一个本科学位,这真是不错啊。 1 l+ d$ p8 O! X/ Y
% X/ @, G( l6 }. l" W$ PI applaud the graduates today for taking a much more direct route to your degr
3 J, c2 l2 @ ~' J/ Nees. For my part, I'm just happy that the Crimson has called me "Harvard's mos
6 A$ V+ G x. B6 P; It successful dropout." I guess that makes me valedictorian of my own special c
4 Q0 f7 N" R. X- ?# `8 R! D" ilass … I did the best of everyone who failed. - M% i( v* b4 Z/ _/ L4 Y
7 j5 M( y, b, `# j% @$ S4 x3 m我为今天在座的各位同学感到高兴,你们拿到学位可比我简单多了。哈佛的校报称我是“ + X& A$ K9 O3 Z* M" ?
哈佛大学历史上最成功的辍学生”。我想这大概使我有资格代表我这一类学生发言……在 # n8 S% u9 n1 ]: W8 o% z3 }% _% B
所有的失败者里,我做得最好。
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But I also want to be recognized as the guy who got Steve Ballmer to drop out
. g, b6 k/ u/ d* l# zof business school. I'm a bad influence. That's why I was invited to speak at * M' \" c# B% h9 d
your graduation. If I had spoken at your orientation, fewer of you might be he
j, G8 B, T; ]' W$ Kre today.
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但是,我还要提醒大家,我使得Steve Ballmer(注:微软总经理)也从哈佛商学院退学了
N) R. S/ v" A3 G( x。因此,我是个有着恶劣影响力的人。这就是为什么我被邀请来在你们的毕业典礼上演讲 1 Q/ q: P( b! X) }4 c
。如果我在你们入学欢迎仪式上演讲,那么能够坚持到今天在这里毕业的人也许会少得多 2 k4 I/ |9 U6 A, i M# F9 ]
吧。 6 X/ y2 E, E/ H7 [+ V
( i* s* a8 i8 e3 OHarvard was just a phenomenal experience for me. Academic life was fascinating
* s9 q) w' t/ O: K2 n3 _2 Z. I used to sit in on lots of classes I hadn't even signed up for. And dorm li # Z, o$ K4 r$ Q) R! K
fe was terrific. I lived up at Radcliffe, in Currier House. There were always
3 Z/ e& [ c& s5 Olots of people in my dorm room late at night discussing things, because everyo 0 N& F) g% W( `
ne knew I didn't worry about getting up in the morning. That's how I came to b & h; w0 O* _8 x! V" A+ J
e the leader of the anti-social group. We clung to each other as a way of vali ' u$ |/ c) X& z1 w8 b$ H/ V' Y
dating our rejection of all those social people.
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; f& e( ^. |# X9 I* k, n K7 x对我来说,哈佛的求学经历是一段非凡的经历。校园生活很有趣,我常去旁听我没选修的
. S. S8 C1 ]! a( e9 r课。哈佛的课外生活也很棒,我在Radcliffe过着逍遥自在的日子。每天我的寝室里总有很 + K7 @" { g9 H7 v; F
多人一直待到半夜,讨论着各种事情。因为每个人都知道我从不考虑第二天早起。这使得
8 h$ d1 Y% c' o我变成了校园里那些不安分学生的头头,我们互相粘在一起,做出一种拒绝所有正常学生 & B' H7 ]: q y5 d/ A4 E2 ^1 c
的姿态。
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, X+ W5 V2 O1 Z& ^: ]0 ~; PRadcliffe was a great place to live. There were more women up there, and most 0 o# F( f# s) i8 u6 ~6 O1 D2 L7 V
of the guys were science-math types. That combination offered me the best odds 2 ]6 H& A. U) c# Z4 A
, if you know what I mean. This is where I learned the sad lesson that improvi
$ e( c8 q" |% O z1 o4 n! Vng your odds doesn't guarantee success. $ e Q; p* V4 V. x! W# b
6 p( j2 p* p( G2 VRadcliffe是个过日子的好地方。那里的女生比男生多,而且大多数男生都是理工科的。这 6 O" E5 q$ F4 h0 h
种状况为我创造了最好的机会,如果你们明白我的意思。可惜的是,我正是在这里学到了 ! k% X4 z; @ Y) U. p
人生中悲伤的一课:机会大,并不等于你就会成功。 ) g3 s( }9 t2 k6 C
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One of my biggest memories of Harvard came in January 1975, when I made a call
' U- H$ m0 I8 c2 xfrom Currier House to a company in Albuquerque that had begun making the worl
+ Z/ V% }) e# W, A6 T {' Z3 ]/ wd's first personal computers. I offered to sell them software. ; o* `- W. `7 l! R3 _, k. a3 I
* N3 s1 {+ \( g$ S# c我在哈佛最难忘的回忆之一,发生在1975年1月。那时,我从宿舍楼里给位于Albuquerque 0 s/ k) o) [+ O* z$ [# Q
的一家公司打了一个电话,那家公司已经在着手制造世界上第一台个人电脑。我提出想向
" R" e# P: _: z1 s# W' [5 D9 @他们出售软件。
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I worried that they would realize I was just a student in a dorm and hang up o ' Y. A7 z( m; i$ w, T7 k: T# I
n me. Instead they said: "We're not quite ready, come see us in a month," whic 4 e: }0 c/ p1 S1 L9 `
h was a good thing, because we hadn't written the software yet. From that mome
5 }# A1 p$ i) I( S' W! t* v. tnt, I worked day and night on this little extra credit project that marked the
+ m$ F# s$ n! u+ \0 `$ O- Hend of my college education and the beginning of a remarkable journey with Mi
% [, E9 R7 }) G/ c+ i& Y* H8 {' Scrosoft.
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我很担心,他们会发觉我是一个住在宿舍的学生,从而挂断电话。但是他们却说:“我们
5 ?) `$ C. X% _, h还没准备好,一个月后你再来找我们吧。”这是个好消息,因为那时软件还根本没有写出
. |" I, g& U. i+ `5 N来呢。就是从那个时候起,我日以继夜地在这个小小的课外项目上工作,这导致了我学生
! t/ `8 f2 o+ A: T6 |生活的结束,以及通往微软公司的不平凡的旅程的开始。 ) g( h, z& ^6 |) `/ s% H
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What I remember above all about Harvard was being in the midst of so much ener
% q( K' N$ x* j. Pgy and intelligence. It could be exhilarating, intimidating, sometimes even di ' e! [8 j/ Y b: o- n$ A( C
scouraging, but always challenging. It was an amazing privilege – and though
0 _) a/ g& P$ `$ S0 _I left early, I was transformed by my years at Harvard, the friendships I made
: M; G3 x e2 T# Z2 W, and the ideas I worked on. 4 d6 a' ^; N$ M; J/ j: `
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不管怎样,我对哈佛的回忆主要都与充沛的精力和智力活动有关。哈佛的生活令人愉快,
( H( `! h H) _% z- @也令人感到有压力,有时甚至会感到泄气,但永远充满了挑战性。生活在哈佛是一种吸引
6 _9 W8 c7 y$ A& W5 F# t4 ^1 J# m/ j$ H人的特殊待遇……虽然我离开得比较早,但是我在这里的经历、在这里结识的朋友、在这 % b! G4 c; N6 T% `
里发展起来的一些想法,永远地改变了我。
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0 E& c* l6 [9 F8 z3 w4 XBut taking a serious look back … I do have one big regret.
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但是,如果现在严肃地回忆起来,我确实有一个真正的遗憾。 * G' K. _# Z# I( h7 w K+ b; T( c
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I left Harvard with no real awareness of the awful inequities in the world – 9 z3 v2 i! X9 {4 N
the appalling disparities of health, and wealth, and opportunity that condemn
U( A% o! I/ ~millions of people to lives of despair. 5 h2 M' S. k( M- ]" F: S
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我离开哈佛的时候,根本没有意识到这个世界是多么的不平等。人类在健康、财富和机遇 , C. j( L6 d& f6 [! }
上的不平等大得可怕,它们使得无数的人们被迫生活在绝望之中。 1 c0 I5 s E" a$ Z+ A
2 N; k+ `4 `% v/ Y) tI learned a lot here at Harvard about new ideas in economics and politics. I g
( x' U. F+ q8 K4 R$ Z0 D* Got great exposure to the advances being made in the sciences. - c( X' m* C* ~. z' t9 i
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我在哈佛学到了很多经济学和政治学的新思想。我也了解了很多科学上的新进展。
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3 W% [+ ~+ B/ g! @- A* \* pBut humanity's greatest advances are not in its discoveries – but in how thos
0 ~) g$ @8 ^, a/ h( T6 oe discoveries are applied to reduce inequity. Whether through democracy, stron 5 k$ O- F; O. g/ q) u/ `
g public education, quality health care, or broad economic opportunity – redu 6 k% _$ }6 \8 A( q/ ]
cing inequity is the highest human achievement. % y8 z! ~5 z! ?# ]( j% ^" Y
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但是,人类最大的进步并不来自于这些发现,而是来自于那些有助于减少人类不平等的发 ( m$ D* G0 M4 [" G: N
现。不管通过何种手段——民主制度、健全的公共教育体系、高质量的医疗保健、还是广
1 M2 @3 b. [5 X; o" ~" F泛的经济机会——减少不平等始终是人类最大的成就。
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* \, ^% A% Q6 N, {% A9 u+ j4 zI left campus knowing little about the millions of young people cheated out of
* x1 G5 J( b* S9 H2 O9 @educational opportunities here in this country. And I knew nothing about the
! b) i* d( |$ O3 L. x$ ?millions of people living in unspeakable poverty and disease in developing cou 0 Q) R8 s. c: y* c* v% t9 m& a) {
ntries.
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- o- B6 {. v# _+ v# N i我离开校园的时候,根本不知道在这个国家里,有几百万的年轻人无法获得接受教育的机 4 @( f; A. i; f0 g, q
会。我也不知道,发展中国家里有无数的人们生活在无法形容的贫穷和疾病之中。
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9 F7 x1 R) S1 z4 P: wIt took me decades to find out.
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& L8 g q' {6 \7 i$ @, R我花了几十年才明白了这些事情。
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/ [6 t( h2 Q3 O( c0 @You graduates came to Harvard at a different time. You know more about the wor
9 }' f4 T6 o1 V' c& yld's inequities than the classes that came before. In your years here, I hope " J, y1 S4 p: z9 ~$ \
you've had a chance to think about how – in this age of accelerating technolo
; d: D% H* y x% t* z/ Sgy – we can finally take on these inequities, and we can solve them. " d/ j, O$ e5 P5 }: A4 {* S; \$ u5 b
8 a7 P% K8 r) z% r在座的各位同学,你们是在与我不同的时代来到哈佛的。你们比以前的学生,更多地了解 & X: V; Y! D0 c, A" {1 Q) c
世界是怎样的不平等。在你们的哈佛求学过程中,我希望你们已经思考过一个问题,那就
! O9 n# M. P5 s% C9 i( N6 I' X8 d是在这个新技术加速发展的时代,我们怎样最终应对这种不平等,以及我们怎样来解决这 1 o! N; ?8 J# B; S8 @* O
个问题。 r+ Y$ h! N0 _& n2 \2 k
3 H" [" ?5 h( i; S ^Imagine, just for the sake of discussion, that you had a few hours a week and 2 T1 Z) Z7 A6 g- Z$ L0 i( D, E
a few dollars a month to donate to a cause – and you wanted to spend that tim # D6 K7 s4 J+ a8 s9 K7 D1 r
e and money where it would have the greatest impact in saving and improving li
9 q3 c! J+ x. k4 j* O4 K0 Aves. Where would you spend it?
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为了讨论的方便,请想象一下,假如你每个星期可以捐献一些时间、每个月可以捐献一些
2 N( f8 l. U8 T- Y钱——你希望这些时间和金钱,可以用到对拯救生命和改善人类生活有最大作用的地方。
; y+ m+ V& d# e0 A5 W: d1 s+ J7 X" i你会选择什么地方?
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For Melinda and for me, the challenge is the same: how can we do the most good 8 l" ^# Q1 K' g
for the greatest number with the resources we have.
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对Melinda(注:盖茨的妻子)和我来说,这也是我们面临的问题:我们如何能将我们拥有
8 \0 s5 B- v: d" V的资源发挥出最大的作用。
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7 s9 |5 t5 j, NDuring our discussions on this question, Melinda and I read an article about t
3 |9 y- C# S# `$ e# n7 Vhe millions of children who were dying every year in poor countries from disea . b& c! i% `; J) ^+ ^4 _
ses that we had long ago made harmless in this country. Measles, malaria, pneu
$ X3 T' J6 d- g2 h9 ]7 Umonia, hepatitis B, yellow fever. One disease I had never even heard of, rotav 4 I [, T! E+ ^* L( ]; S! _
irus, was killing half a million kids each year – none of them in the United
7 b9 V6 N; |$ ?4 Q- cStates.
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在讨论过程中,Melinda和我读到了一篇文章,里面说在那些贫穷的国家,每年有数百万的 % ^1 j. o* s# k" h* C& b
儿童死于那些在美国早已不成问题的疾病。麻疹、疟疾、肺炎、乙型肝炎、黄热病、还有 3 Q% Y2 i% n/ T
一种以前我从未听说过的轮状病毒,这些疾病每年导致50万儿童死亡,但是在美国一例死 4 C/ Q0 {9 H. f( Q+ e2 A E, F# T8 }
亡病例也没有。 * @3 x; R( r# s+ ^
0 n/ \9 i' ~! @! v/ o4 D, w) aWe were shocked. We had just assumed that if millions of children were dying a
1 N( x/ W& S1 y/ p" wnd they could be saved, the world would make it a priority to discover and del 7 ` }. I( A8 ?* g
iver the medicines to save them. But it did not. For under a dollar, there wer 1 v. { ]9 m: @" y$ O
e interventions that could save lives that just weren't being delivered. / T- M0 b1 K8 V+ V/ ?1 v
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我们被震惊了。我们想,如果几百万儿童正在死亡线上挣扎,而且他们是可以被挽救的, 7 h0 u# V! h1 g
那么世界理应将用药物拯救他们作为头等大事。但是事实并非如此。那些价格还不到一美
2 E2 G* J9 F* ^) t: y3 F元的救命的药剂,并没有送到他们的手中。
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If you believe that every life has equal value, it's revolting to learn that s ! |8 t, `8 @, R7 |% x
ome lives are seen as worth saving and others are not. We said to ourselves: "
0 F# j( }. j! S2 T! B% p" iThis can't be true. But if it is true, it deserves to be the priority of our g
0 O5 C( i8 M0 J, }; wiving."
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- q0 T3 T. V" V' M' r! S7 O如果你相信每个生命都是平等的,那么当你发现某些生命被挽救了,而另一些生命被放弃
! [, h" l& r9 s3 R' H- k了,你会感到无法接受。我们对自己说:“事情不可能如此。如果这是真的,那么它理应 $ h( X* g! B: N+ ^
是我们努力的头等大事。” * z* p+ b) ~* K; |/ L
$ G g/ z/ }5 P; T3 `* gSo we began our work in the same way anyone here would begin it. We asked: "Ho
& W, }/ U+ g& ?' E) j$ cw could the world let these children die?" . p- D V+ `" W% K1 A) y4 o* q
7 z, J" Z: K: d' Y3 a所以,我们用任何人都会想到的方式开始工作。我们问:“这个世界怎么可以眼睁睁看着
9 y% S7 p7 [% q5 `! A这些孩子死去?”
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4 E" q8 `; G* K. yThe answer is simple, and harsh. The market did not reward saving the lives of / O$ ]7 |6 k0 u: P: H( \
these children, and governments did not subsidize it. So the children died be
; i' b7 s' b& d# bcause their mothers and their fathers had no power in the market and no voice
; Q% W4 }: {7 w: M( @% bin the system.
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$ t* D2 c* `& s2 @/ B0 t6 }+ n答案很简单,也很令人难堪。在市场经济中,拯救儿童是一项没有利润的工作,政府也不 " x! w e. F! P* n! [
会提供补助。这些儿童之所以会死亡,是因为他们的父母在经济上没有实力,在政治上没
3 m6 c7 V* M9 [* _' l6 q有能力发出声音。
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But you and I have both.
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但是,你们和我在经济上有实力,在政治上能够发出声音。
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We can make market forces work better for the poor if we can develop a more cr
" r0 r( ^: J' e( Meative capitalism – if we can stretch the reach of market forces so that more - `6 V! e# h- R$ k2 S/ R
people can make a profit, or at least make a living, serving people who are s
' P0 Y6 J1 Z. Yuffering from the worst inequities. We also can press governments around the w / L( l' {, z0 r$ C4 \# v( z
orld to spend taxpayer money in ways that better reflect the values of the peo
5 B2 T5 M5 z# _, @+ m& Zple who pay the taxes.
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我们可以让市场更好地为穷人服务,如果我们能够设计出一种更有创新性的资本主义制度
* ^/ V" e Z+ k( a+ z5 c6 R* B——如果我们可以改变市场,让更多的人可以获得利润,或者至少可以维持生活——那么 9 W ]1 H( H/ s3 @/ G
,这就可以帮到那些正在极端不平等的状况中受苦的人们。我们还可以向全世界的政府施
5 K9 [/ ]* L3 _. ]7 \! S6 m压,要求他们将纳税人的钱,花到更符合纳税人价值观的地方。
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+ c3 k: S( t; F; X. o* u3 fIf we can find approaches that meet the needs of the poor in ways that generat
: }0 {6 l- u$ V0 G- @8 We profits for business and votes for politicians, we will have found a sustain
( Z0 I; [/ b+ W" R7 B: yable way to reduce inequity in the world. This task is open-ended. It can neve 1 y% z; y# J2 z X+ k. a
r be finished. But a conscious effort to answer this challenge will change the 5 K( y7 P$ x, y: t; V! z7 ~) ~/ q) Y
world. % R3 G- r9 K6 D. a$ l: n
( l( M% s. h; k R1 h" x, Y如果我们能够找到这样一种方法,既可以帮到穷人,又可以为商人带来利润,为政治家带
- \$ h6 q9 ~% _! U$ {$ O. J& x来选票,那么我们就找到了一种减少世界性不平等的可持续的发展道路。这个任务是无限
! T& q9 j1 [2 N) q的。它不可能被完全完成,但是任何自觉地解决这个问题的尝试,都将会改变这个世界。
7 q7 f3 b }- B( i' w+ f& U, B4 x ~/ I7 G
" O& i* I3 e" |* ^. uI am optimistic that we can do this, but I talk to skeptics who claim there is
0 ]9 F6 c I# L3 X6 `5 Nno hope. They say: "Inequity has been with us since the beginning, and will b 6 O2 [# S- s: ]9 _9 O, |; S
e with us till the end – because people just … don't … care." I completely ! \& Q5 W2 k) [: B2 b
disagree. ^& _9 k, h+ [! d1 c# k! j2 l
5 M Z" a3 [7 y f* ]$ u/ V$ V在这个问题上,我是乐观的。但是,我也遇到过那些感到绝望的怀疑主义者。他们说:“
2 t0 F* n& Q! W6 z+ v不平等从人类诞生的第一天就存在,到人类灭亡的最后一天也将存在。——因为人类对这 5 b7 X7 A. B7 p3 Y/ z
个问题根本不在乎。”我完全不能同意这种观点。
- O7 F1 `6 p; U$ g5 W" d
& n: }* F+ j( q3 |5 [5 V% K! h" gI believe we have more caring than we know what to do with. ( H S4 q( I% r! v
/ c7 p/ R3 I' U& E# E4 N$ R/ e
我相信,问题不是我们不在乎,而是我们不知道怎么做。 % p" B# _6 D+ _3 S+ t
- y- ]6 P8 W, ]4 |0 a# {/ k) qAll of us here in this Yard, at one time or another, have seen human tragedies
0 ^' S& Y" s: a) R& V. R" J, g1 Zthat broke our hearts, and yet we did nothing – not because we didn't care, * r6 F/ e- A0 e) _. x$ F4 u
but because we didn't know what to do. If we had known how to help, we would h 0 ?6 T9 q! y. }+ s; p! B
ave acted.
_8 J. ^+ K! r9 [- Q7 e6 s) @4 ^7 f9 t
此刻在这个院子里的所有人,生命中总有这样或那样的时刻,目睹人类的悲剧,感到万分 ( {6 b, m; M& U' ]
伤心。但是我们什么也没做,并非我们无动于衷,而是因为我们不知道做什么和怎么做。 . u# O$ T2 ^3 o* r3 ?
如果我们知道如何做是有效的,那么我们就会采取行动。
/ d, r+ \: W' w' E1 T- S3 ~/ E" @; n: x& M+ A: t
The barrier to change is not too little caring; it is too much complexity.
6 e& u2 K7 u+ B/ R# ~
/ c. Y5 ~3 x5 P; Z5 r改变世界的阻碍,并非人类的冷漠,而是世界实在太复杂。
% W$ j# m& G u# ^8 S' R0 x; G! u3 ]
To turn caring into action, we need to see a problem, see a solution, and see ; ]9 M7 j8 M/ }# U
the impact. But complexity blocks all three steps. 5 Z/ k& Q2 J; Z @/ P; d p( |+ {- h
1 Q. ^2 Z# }$ L2 E: K7 y% E
为了将关心转变为行动,我们需要找到问题,发现解决办法的方法,评估后果。但是世界 9 D8 `- `0 H1 A% ^( ^$ N3 l
的复杂性使得所有这些步骤都难于做到。
; w8 G, ?! P W3 ^* ^$ o
) Z$ _/ z \ {& { K. FEven with the advent of the Internet and 24-hour news, it is still a complex e 6 ~7 Y' H' |4 J( ]0 N; C
nterprise to get people to truly see the problems. When an airplane crashes, o
7 D9 x% T9 y' Ffficials immediately call a press conference. They promise to investigate, det 0 `9 h3 n$ x3 O% m- a! y/ d5 s& m
ermine the cause, and prevent similar crashes in the future. / m7 o i& |" Z0 |! D/ E
: @% [$ I$ |& ?$ o* r- X
即使有了互联网和24小时直播的新闻台,让人们真正发现问题所在,仍然十分困难。当一
5 U( A3 E; J; ?9 \) v3 d% C2 \! i架飞机坠毁了,官员们会立刻召开新闻发布会,他们承诺进行调查、找到原因、防止将来 * N( D! d6 j7 b# f+ U7 Y
再次发生类似事故。
$ ?+ e5 ]& v# S, M7 y- P2 s0 B+ ]$ G+ m
But if the officials were brutally honest, they would say: "Of all the people 2 r; V% K* {9 \+ O
in the world who died today from preventable causes, one half of one percent o
8 \2 P: y) Y. K6 Df them were on this plane. We're determined to do everything possible to solve ) ] h* y' _7 M7 `& f2 Z
the problem that took the lives of the one half of one percent."
; ^5 y O: U: Z2 n, R/ G
) w3 q: |: g" ^; a0 E" R但是如果那些官员敢说真话,他们就会说:“在今天这一天,全世界所有可以避免的死亡 8 y% d& m9 z9 x% H0 F
之中,只有0.5%的死者来自于这次空难。我们决心尽一切努力,调查这个0.5%的死亡原因 + r$ Q7 p9 V* S& s5 y H
。” 9 k5 V0 f6 f$ T1 q4 y; z8 k7 X
* S* x' ^+ x3 I. x* u/ OThe bigger problem is not the plane crash, but the millions of preventable dea . y/ ^ A& h& s3 p/ |
ths.
1 w1 `, c. Z' X3 }& D5 [" K1 }/ O6 F
: `$ K) r/ ?% {5 P0 x显然,更重要的问题不是这次空难,而是其他几百万可以预防的死亡事件。
" ? J! [, y9 t/ I) p" h8 {; ?& B( k3 W- O, ]8 }
We don't read much about these deaths. The media covers what's new – and mill 8 n8 D+ Y! L, |: I9 i- a
ions of people dying is nothing new. So it stays in the background, where it's & Y# i6 G5 ~# o8 ]# h, [
easier to ignore. But even when we do see it or read about it, it's difficult 8 ~$ Z. w% X& c5 H2 k! h* I
to keep our eyes on the problem. It's hard to look at suffering if the situat
1 s, a( T4 T: J/ x+ n; }ion is so complex that we don't know how to help. And so we look away. ) u( p" I( g6 ?# v2 W5 ^. q# l' w
$ d' t+ X' Q$ \, t' | [8 o g
我们并没有很多机会了解那些死亡事件。媒体总是报告新闻,几百万人将要死去并非新闻 # j* f$ q, E' v& j: c
。如果没有人报道,那么这些事件就很容易被忽视。另一方面,即使我们确实目睹了事件
& \0 p( C( ], Q. E! A% k本身或者看到了相关报道,我们也很难持续关注这些事件。看着他人受苦是令人痛苦的,
7 B* ^+ R/ r, p* @. R( X何况问题又如此复杂,我们根本不知道如何去帮助他人。所以我们会将脸转过去。
% ~$ l0 F. O6 Y) b- V* C0 p: w7 i
7 x a/ ]4 A0 x6 N% i$ K$ ~ mIf we can really see a problem, which is the first step, we come to the second
- F" r" b r/ m ~/ R- e3 Kstep: cutting through the complexity to find a solution. 6 N8 Z% @, G7 q) _& `1 G
4 w% j$ L# W! l" H+ ?3 C就算我们真正发现了问题所在,也不过是迈出了第一步,接着还有第二步:那就是从复杂
+ V( f& Z1 ^9 h# _的事件中找到解决办法。
; s8 L9 G1 W6 ^+ m2 T# h2 K5 R
- r" Q# c9 I- d: u* w7 fFinding solutions is essential if we want to make the most of our caring. If w 6 c$ I+ }8 E9 b/ L/ p: G# F, n
e have clear and proven answers anytime an organization or individual asks "Ho
8 g! ~1 }$ b+ z, Vw can I help?," then we can get action – and we can make sure that none of th
z' i& p; v j* D& we caring in the world is wasted. But complexity makes it hard to mark a path o 9 _ e. |( h5 i* }+ O
f action for everyone who cares — and that makes it hard for their caring to ) o8 S) Y2 {0 J& e$ V
matter.
- V2 r6 q, C2 {4 ]4 U2 @: V! [: u$ ^; W" ~8 g; T, Q
如果我们要让关心落到实处,我们就必须找到解决办法。如果我们有一个清晰的和可靠的 ! @7 L* t3 H, }; r6 }
答案,那么当任何组织和个人发出疑问“如何我能提供帮助”的时候,我们就能采取行动
0 r9 S+ C) Z. g5 ?5 I/ F- p8 v。我们就能够保证不浪费一丁点全世界人类对他人的关心。但是,世界的复杂性使得很难 % h8 G& H2 M( w. I
找到对全世界每一个有爱心的人都有效的行动方法,因此人类对他人的关心往往很难产生
% |1 L" J4 v( ^4 V6 Q" ]( Q" `实际效果。
8 @7 y/ f9 L0 e6 E
9 I! S! D$ f! G# o# c* M/ ACutting through complexity to find a solution runs through four predictable st $ T% \7 ~6 b' C* G4 F
ages: determine a goal, find the highest-leverage approach, discover the ideal 5 ]3 b7 n( Z' ?; B' G" I
technology for that approach, and in the meantime, make the smartest applicat # C& m; @3 z9 t5 y( v
ion of the technology that you already have — whether it's something sophisti ! \: @6 x7 N( T: f
cated, like a drug, or something simpler, like a bednet. ! Z1 T6 Y+ s# N2 C, h
+ f( l% m6 _ F
从这个复杂的世界中找到解决办法,可以分为四个步骤:确定目标,找到最高效的方法,
$ E0 e& I9 t) F' |* x发现适用于这个方法的新技术,同时最聪明地利用现有的技术,不管它是复杂的药物,还
, |$ _% ~: w: r6 i1 t |. o是最简单的蚊帐。 ) q% A( H" J; Z3 N& ?/ M0 K9 C
* b, M5 Z4 X& LThe AIDS epidemic offers an example. The broad goal, of course, is to end the
& H; s+ {. t# O2 _4 l _disease. The highest-leverage approach is prevention. The ideal technology wou 3 e2 \1 p: k2 q; k. ]
ld be a vaccine that gives lifetime immunity with a single dose. So government ! j4 U1 O! a" Z1 J
s, drug companies, and foundations fund vaccine research. But their work is li 5 c: k# Z; N( f# K$ S& N5 g
kely to take more than a decade, so in the meantime, we have to work with what ' Q0 U b L. [1 e$ ~
we have in hand – and the best prevention approach we have now is getting pe
1 P) d3 w2 m2 |# o+ uople to avoid risky behavior.
# x# W% w5 c8 W6 W4 L
, l n$ C m" H艾滋病就是一个例子。总的目标,毫无疑问是消灭这种疾病。最高效的方法是预防。最理 6 B4 O( v& P% @* [ A
想的技术是发明一种疫苗,只要注射一次,就可以终生免疫。所以,政府、制药公司、基
! n( M: d$ p) t1 T1 ~8 R金会应该资助疫苗研究。但是,这样研究工作很可能十年之内都无法完成。因此,与此同
, Y8 J0 ~' q) l7 J2 Q0 o时,我们必须使用现有的技术,目前最有效的预防方法就是设法让人们避免那些危险的行 # k4 x( [7 g. Z0 |1 B5 l
为。 : N+ a- r5 N8 }& q; R9 ^# G8 e
0 m0 W. \5 O1 t4 X6 yPursuing that goal starts the four-step cycle again. This is the pattern. The
, p# X. p& { F) y. }8 Z5 Y" scrucial thing is to never stop thinking and working – and never do what we di
/ O d$ o) a, {4 Ld with malaria and tuberculosis in the 20th century – which is to surrender t & J% g/ |& {- z; |) o
o complexity and quit.
) a# J% z7 o& f5 v7 T( |! B% D5 T
+ I* T& P5 C2 M) _9 [要实现这个新的目标,又可以采用新的四步循环。这是一种模式。关键的东西是永远不要
: M8 o& q2 ~; v2 B/ U停止思考和行动。我们千万不能再犯上个世纪在疟疾和肺结核上犯过的错误,那时我们因 1 p/ p! E W- ]9 {& D7 ?5 X, F- K% b
为它们太复杂,而放弃了采取行动。 3 }$ X. S7 ^! y4 d% T+ O4 s) E
2 |! ?6 y2 K: x; @6 q' L
The final step – after seeing the problem and finding an approach – is to me
9 n, l+ l9 V# s. wasure the impact of your work and share your successes and failures so that ot
. L+ {6 e6 O3 {+ thers learn from your efforts.
: t& \: h" {9 g* a( N5 K7 N% [7 U1 w- ]8 O' ]- {9 z
在发现问题和找到解决方法之后,就是最后一步——评估工作结果,将你的成功经验或者
k- i( ^% W' d' e0 t+ v失败经验传播出去,这样其他人就可以从你的努力中有所收获。 8 s0 e% I- q" k. F
. x; x9 i' m/ G4 y2 K, x8 C2 T
You have to have the statistics, of course. You have to be able to show that a
( Y. [* B3 k3 S, A( o3 R) f. jprogram is vaccinating millions more children. You have to be able to show a 9 q5 U. ` i; n, I% [* }! c* }. c
decline in the number of children dying from these diseases. This is essential
% w9 v4 O: \' ^/ hnot just to improve the program, but also to help draw more investment from b
3 q4 d! N4 \- H3 L3 r5 c" D8 Q8 wusiness and government. " ^% g9 O3 n! @8 ?- y( v* h1 M. ^
r8 \! r' z2 Q& E8 Z2 A当然,你必须有一些统计数字。你必须让他人知道,你的项目为几百万儿童新接种了疫苗 ( S* K! g/ S2 a
。你也必须让他人知道,儿童死亡人数下降了多少。这些都是很关键的,不仅有利于改善 ' K1 R) i# N* @% e0 p: ~
项目效果,也有利于从商界和政府得到更多的帮助。
6 \5 G! y2 ], M+ ~! O* A$ c6 s* G
But if you want to inspire people to participate, you have to show more than n 1 J4 H+ X, S; `0 Q* A! M+ H
umbers; you have to convey the human impact of the work – so people can feel
0 q3 j$ y% u7 g) `7 xwhat saving a life means to the families affected. ) ^2 p9 A7 k& ]% x: F+ D
! P |) R. U ~: L# E但是,这些还不够,如果你想激励其他人参加你的项目,你就必须拿出更多的统计数字; ! p( r) h+ D# b9 A8 m' r! g
你必须展示你的项目的人性因素,这样其他人就会感到拯救一个生命,对那些处在困境中 ' B- Q( p; I$ h
的家庭到底意味着什么。
; r& D8 k- J; O+ q
( S: h3 h) j' ]# EI remember going to Davos some years back and sitting on a global health panel ' _1 }0 s+ K# J% N3 w0 l
that was discussing ways to save millions of lives. Millions! Think of the th 6 a( k3 Z0 a7 u/ G+ R- K5 N
rill of saving just one person's life – then multiply that by millions. … Ye
& ?4 j" G: ^ m( |& Mt this was the most boring panel I've ever been on – ever. So boring even I c % K" G2 @6 ^$ s0 {( F8 f3 Y- d9 m
ouldn't bear it. 7 f) k6 e$ P7 y0 h
4 Z6 p" h" H! k! S* I
几年前,我去瑞士达沃斯旁听一个全球健康问题论坛,会议的内容有关于如何拯救几百万
4 l5 l) D1 ]6 I" N( v# e条生命。天哪,是几百万!想一想吧,拯救一个人的生命已经让人何等激动,现在你要把 2 X) G. r/ V& [, r' A
这种激动再乘上几百万倍……但是,不幸的是,这是我参加过的最最乏味的论坛,乏味到
9 k% }4 M. F! y) g6 l我无法强迫自己听下去。 # [3 q; [8 J) X5 A/ j9 }0 }. b
3 f/ K9 i2 Z5 a
What made that experience especially striking was that I had just come from an
4 [4 {2 |0 `* z. tevent where we were introducing version 13 of some piece of software, and we
- ?/ a8 b$ M$ S7 q+ g. [had people jumping and shouting with excitement. I love getting people excited ! e# z! a/ j! x* s0 h$ `/ Y
about software – but why can't we generate even more excitement for saving l
) [# z9 I& l- nives? ( s- h' F! K$ d1 I% v, R
9 ~* h8 j: J2 X9 A6 o# q8 J
那次经历之所以让我难忘,是因为之前我们刚刚发布了一个软件的第13个版本,我们让观
, O9 c/ v; d, O' ~众激动得跳了起来,喊出了声。我喜欢人们因为软件而感到激动,那么我们为什么不能够
1 V6 H0 |- Z- X让人们因为能够拯救生命而感到更加激动呢? . S$ B8 ^2 f& a6 I& }! R" ?6 c% d- z
4 ?+ |. @3 J; n9 y* {# f! ~
You can't get people excited unless you can help them see and feel the impact.
9 ]1 T+ `: a, O+ f; _And how you do that – is a complex question. & |! S3 W6 b" e5 L, y$ ~5 e
: M P2 x& j9 t+ P0 R除非你能够让人们看到或者感受到行动的影响力,否则你无法让人们激动。如何做到这一
: R/ n9 F; U6 K8 v4 j' ~点,并不是一件简单的事。
3 @( ?4 a/ d0 }( t( L, B7 L' h: W0 R% G3 m
Still, I'm optimistic. Yes, inequity has been with us forever, but the new too
; s* P! O+ Z8 {4 w) q* Lls we have to cut through complexity have not been with us forever. They are n
9 Y* H+ K) f* ]ew – they can help us make the most of our caring – and that's why the futur " n2 Z9 Y, A; J8 ^
e can be different from the past.
; C* R0 I- ^' n5 ]9 g/ \
$ |# z7 v% K7 I9 v! t' h同前面一样,在这个问题上,我依然是乐观的。不错,人类的不平等有史以来一直存在,
. W: i* `) G! B- _ w! l; M C但是那些能够化繁为简的新工具,却是最近才出现的。这些新工具可以帮助我们,将人类 / `( ]7 W! Z+ N+ s3 |
的同情心发挥最大的作用,这就是为什么将来同过去是不一样的。 2 [6 e! Y* z7 r- Z
1 d0 }: |/ t, n* }
The defining and ongoing innovations of this age – biotechnology, the compute 7 t% M5 {$ M% U; C
r, the Internet – give us a chance we've never had before to end extreme pove
' f5 e* ]7 F8 Q6 W- `* [0 y) Q* j7 ?rty and end death from preventable disease.
. z. h5 {/ C/ D% h' G3 ]8 N& A. x$ a$ m
这个时代无时无刻不在涌现出新的革新——生物技术,计算机,互联网——它们给了我们
- p4 v' h5 I+ G: M* D' u一个从未有过的机会,去终结那些极端的贫穷和非恶性疾病的死亡。 ! J! ^1 I& k" K# Y$ U
' w; ^% t1 c/ z% K6 G) q' |; oSixty years ago, George Marshall came to this commencement and announced a pla
' s4 l$ Z# a8 ?& @# r# }4 {n to assist the nations of post-war Europe. He said: "I think one difficulty i 7 r* N( u9 E3 ?3 ]" z6 {+ C" b
s that the problem is one of such enormous complexity that the very mass of fa
* d& g& {( d! D3 D& Q8 l5 x7 j _% kcts presented to the public by press and radio make it exceedingly difficult f
, Q. Y. `( L% S# W3 Por the man in the street to reach a clear appraisement of the situation. It is 6 |- Y" k9 w7 H
virtually impossible at this distance to grasp at all the real significance o
* [- R P" p: M" W! tf the situation."
- A; s0 k& n+ k! t0 C
( G4 [" ]$ ]5 u+ u六十年前,乔治·马歇尔也是在这个地方的毕业典礼上,宣布了一个计划,帮助那些欧洲 # x6 r5 G0 p# [) W
国家的战后建设。他说:“我认为,困难的一点是这个问题太复杂,报纸和电台向公众源
, e" W. ?0 U- G, d3 d+ F' N源不断地提供各种事实,使得大街上的普通人极端难于清晰地判断形势。事实上,经过层
$ Z `$ K; |. M0 s; g0 t6 [! C层传播,想要真正地把握形势,是根本不可能的。”
" p5 \+ s) I i1 W
, P$ @* @2 ^2 OThirty years after Marshall made his address, as my class graduated without me
: s# Q! e6 s2 v+ T/ i, technology was emerging that would make the world smaller, more open, more v - H7 ?0 L5 l) O& y/ j2 [- c
isible, less distant. 0 L* i$ P$ |* P$ y- z
% f( _$ E+ D: d: F' R马歇尔发表这个演讲之后的三十年,我那一届学生毕业,当然我不在其中。那时,新技术 + A) `8 f. f& a7 Q* {6 i4 C- s+ l
刚刚开始萌芽,它们将使得这个世界变得更小、更开放、更容易看到、距离更近。 5 i: ?" f8 R5 T8 X! x4 c
& C( d1 e: R/ _9 V
The emergence of low-cost personal computers gave rise to a powerful network t " u% w, C: m; M0 \; b
hat has transformed opportunities for learning and communicating. + i( ^" @5 E! p
/ o3 [: W! M8 C
低成本的个人电脑的出现,使得一个强大的互联网有机会诞生,它为学习和交流提供了巨 1 P s1 i: a7 }# D* ?
大的机会。 ) h9 z% L( D- Z4 ]- L8 k$ j
6 ^! c3 j6 g1 w: q& u" q: r k& @
The magical thing about this network is not just that it collapses distance an
( _2 ]* R, R7 }( T% r5 md makes everyone your neighbor. It also dramatically increases the number of b
' \ b4 L$ F9 {% ?% ~- e6 q3 Nrilliant minds we can have working together on the same problem – and that sc
" {6 B. E& f/ xales up the rate of innovation to a staggering degree. " Z. `5 t1 j! J8 {2 D
" z$ v7 }' K+ p6 W! h" ?5 _网络的神奇之处,不仅仅是它缩短了物理距离,使得天涯若比邻。它还极大地增加了怀有
) i# `. d( f, p0 I* J# p3 I3 I6 B共同想法的人们聚集在一起的机会,我们可以为了解决同一个问题,一起共同工作。这就
; m2 O& z% Y3 ?' c' G2 F大大加快了革新的进程,发展速度简直快得让人震惊。 . C% K6 \$ x% O) H. V
, c) Y" H+ ` `/ B- kAt the same time, for every person in the world who has access to this technol
9 m* [; X4 Y8 j0 u/ h* Eogy, five people don't. That means many creative minds are left out of this di + c; Z$ k6 S+ D% Y4 o6 }7 q
scussion -- smart people with practical intelligence and relevant experience w
4 P- y8 N4 B) K% m4 O/ w9 jho don't have the technology to hone their talents or contribute their ideas t
. f9 j U i- C8 X6 H, }! qo the world. & L$ ]3 I- F _+ ~( W1 k
\: D4 H+ l0 Z! P3 l
与此同时,世界上有条件上网的人,只是全部人口的六分之一。这意味着,还有许多具有 & ^5 f/ }. u. N8 N+ e# z X, J
创造性的人们,没有加入到我们的讨论中来。那些有着实际的操作经验和相关经历的聪明 3 t! N8 B: i! E% T7 r5 Y s4 c
人,却没有技术来帮助他们,将他们的天赋或者想法与全世界分享。
3 u4 I$ q% l# K" C7 R* H% A" ~* y$ [, N. G/ s/ d
We need as many people as possible to have access to this technology, because ( m7 `& @# O9 H4 q
these advances are triggering a revolution in what human beings can do for one ( Q, z' S( S4 `
another. They are making it possible not just for national governments, but f 2 V. B/ O8 K2 f+ T0 d" z$ u
or universities, corporations, smaller organizations, and even individuals to $ _& s2 U: f9 @9 M* w& ]4 z' f
see problems, see approaches, and measure the impact of their efforts to addre
, @' G! f; k, {% `( ~! B* kss the hunger, poverty, and desperation George Marshall spoke of 60 years ago.
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% f2 z9 x. d/ H/ T6 j0 W
我们需要尽可能地让更多的人有机会使用新技术,因为这些新技术正在引发一场革命,人 P/ G1 S1 E" I! q5 X$ i6 u" h
类将因此可以互相帮助。新技术正在创造一种可能,不仅是政府,还包括大学、公司、小 7 b& z' {. s$ J& N9 \
机构、甚至个人,能够发现问题所在、能够找到解决办法、能够评估他们努力的效果,去 , Q u/ {! X+ a+ l8 _) r
改变那些马歇尔六十年前就说到过的问题——饥饿、贫穷和绝望。 9 y5 q4 V; B3 E4 D
7 ]# U/ F- y6 ~$ F1 S* D
Members of the Harvard Family: Here in the Yard is one of the great collection + l& }( I3 i2 H( c
s of intellectual talent in the world. / _4 I- {. ~$ t! c3 V% n* r2 |, j
$ v% Y; o6 V1 n( w; F* a( v. P哈佛是一个大家庭。这个院子里在场的人们,是全世界最有智力的人类群体之一。 % G7 G, v' H5 Q* U/ q K6 L
% c) v& Z7 n: J1 a9 k3 bWhat for? 2 c g* K) s) z* C1 y
- C9 p/ `5 R4 N# S7 a) {1 H, p
我们可以做些什么? 9 H" u" Z) }4 {4 L' D1 ~ \' S
( F8 j' Q9 p S* N/ e
There is no question that the faculty, the alumni, the students, and the benef
/ h9 N, @" y7 {& dactors of Harvard have used their power to improve the lives of people here an
( G& L$ @; o9 }+ {d around the world. But can we do more? Can Harvard dedicate its intellect to ) }' A2 _- z4 n; L7 o2 D# ~
improving the lives of people who will never even hear its name?
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2 J' g( L3 G* J7 T4 i毫无疑问,哈佛的老师、校友、学生和资助者,已经用他们的能力改善了全世界各地人们 . s) p' e1 \( d! Y2 H7 O
的生活。但是,我们还能够再做什么呢?有没有可能,哈佛的人们可以将他们的智慧,用 9 t2 M, y0 }; |, Q9 G& n
来帮助那些甚至从来没有听到过“哈佛”这个名字的人?
U7 U# z. b3 V, w. ?8 K: ~) w* ]0 O
Let me make a request of the deans and the professors – the intellectual lead
6 f- D3 ~! Z9 c6 y7 g$ W+ Eers here at Harvard: As you hire new faculty, award tenure, review curriculum,
, u9 o1 V& _" Q1 V0 K9 ]and determine degree requirements, please ask yourselves: o) B T4 F5 S+ |. c$ W# |
~2 y; U' m- ?+ }! I% I( u请允许我向各位院长和教授,提出一个请求——你们是哈佛的智力领袖,当你们雇用新的
p' U# [/ U0 Y老师、授予终身教职、评估课程、决定学位颁发标准的时候,请问你们自己如下的问题:
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. p2 n2 \% B& ~" F, t
Should our best minds be dedicated to solving our biggest problems?
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我们最优秀的人才是否在致力于解决我们最大的问题? ' c' q; ?2 s7 [3 \
3 P/ j6 c; g) \& ]% U4 n3 M
Should Harvard encourage its faculty to take on the world's worst inequities?
* H! X7 ~# D0 C' b& c" QShould Harvard students learn about the depth of global poverty … the prevale
/ R* m. n% i& ence of world hunger … the scarcity of clean water …the girls kept out of sch & j7 } n! t6 _7 e8 G" b/ F% u
ool … the children who die from diseases we can cure?
8 U; f: c. m/ n. ^7 o9 a9 f9 I, g2 l. ?% v' L t0 _
哈佛是否鼓励她的老师去研究解决世界上最严重的不平等?哈佛的学生是否从全球那些极 . _! [, {" ] x
端的贫穷中学到了什么……世界性的饥荒……清洁的水资源的缺乏……无法上学的女童… 8 }: X% z! S" q3 f6 r
…死于非恶性疾病的儿童……哈佛的学生有没有从中学到东西? 2 y6 v- ^- L9 Y( \% u' c
/ D5 t# x ~* a2 i- C5 J
Should the world's most privileged people learn about the lives of the world's * H1 ?% Y+ v8 F8 J6 {: v
least privileged?
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6 v; Q* T; z+ C* Q那些世界上过着最优越生活的人们,有没有从那些最困难的人们身上学到东西?
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( G4 e6 t5 `1 b6 A' jThese are not rhetorical questions – you will answer with your policies.
0 o R [" U+ p* q) d' Q9 s1 E: @, x# W" A) {% {
这些问题并非语言上的修辞。你必须用自己的行动来回答它们。 " |- C" ]& E) x5 o
* ~. `0 t) H s& _7 fMy mother, who was filled with pride the day I was admitted here – never stop
$ S. m( \' J/ ^. [% u! J; Hped pressing me to do more for others. A few days before my wedding, she hoste 0 {3 A' t% Q8 j3 e- k* ?" G
d a bridal event, at which she read aloud a letter about marriage that she had
1 Y$ o' J$ X7 R l8 i- x" Uwritten to Melinda. My mother was very ill with cancer at the time, but she s 0 ?( o- C. f, ^) J
aw one more opportunity to deliver her message, and at the close of the letter : ^) g* ~( y1 k7 H( @
she said: "From those to whom much is given, much is expected." 5 N: v5 l5 ~6 }" c
! J* j$ s* g: L( h" }我的母亲在我被哈佛大学录取的那一天,曾经感到非常骄傲。她从没有停止督促我,去为 4 O" ~3 f- b* K' O7 R7 O
他人做更多的事情。在我结婚的前几天,她主持了一个新娘进我家的仪式。在这个仪式上 - `- V4 }# d) M7 J: a6 {! v
,她高声朗读了一封关于婚姻的信,这是她写给Melinda的。那时,我的母亲已经因为癌症 + c+ z3 e; e4 A
病入膏肓,但是她还是认为这是又一个传播她的信念的机会。在那封信的结尾,她写道: ; H" v" J5 Z1 X- J( x8 B
“对于那些接受了许多帮助的人们,他们还在期待更多的帮助。你的能力越大,人们对你 ~2 h2 V/ I4 j; q6 G, h8 {- `2 J) {
的期望也就越大。”
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2 `8 r6 K5 e \, w8 ~# gWhen you consider what those of us here in this Yard have been given – in tal ; C- i3 B/ p$ x% t0 t- v' c# a
ent, privilege, and opportunity – there is almost no limit to what the world
a/ `9 I# j5 B* A% Hhas a right to expect from us.
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想一想吧,我们在这个院子里的这些人,被给予过什么——天赋、特权、机遇——那么可
. Y* i( ?, O7 _) W4 U以这样说,全世界的人们几乎有无限的权力,期待我们做出贡献。
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In line with the promise of this age, I want to exhort each of the graduates h
2 X5 K3 y$ |: e% L6 ~ere to take on an issue – a complex problem, a deep inequity, and become a sp
( I; ]0 r( r' v' _' k0 N ~ecialist on it. If you make it the focus of your career, that would be phenome u3 K6 | F- X+ D7 ~
nal. But you don't have to do that to make an impact. For a few hours every we
: W4 J. F% q$ y' C3 Bek, you can use the growing power of the Internet to get informed, find others 8 g- v0 G+ j9 m; ~. D/ ~
with the same interests, see the barriers, and find ways to cut through them.
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* H$ \) j3 ], Z0 }8 j' v
8 W" x0 z7 n4 R同这个时代的期望一样,我也要向今天各位毕业的同学提出一个忠告:你们要选择一个问 $ ?; s* d/ ~+ m1 q$ y2 X8 \
题,一个复杂的问题,一个有关于人类深刻的不平等的问题,然后你们要变成这个问题的
0 e$ A4 q0 S+ p" f% N& v专家。如果你们能够使得这个问题成为你们职业的核心,那么你们就会非常杰出。但是, 8 i4 N k; P% a1 t7 F3 C
你们不必一定要去做那些大事。每个星期只用几个小时,你就可以通过互联网得到信息, % k' n B l1 c9 k: s
找到志同道合的朋友,发现困难所在,找到解决它们的途径。 6 F8 S2 }. S5 A7 V4 {- P
% }: ^: |; x7 ]% N/ s9 x6 X9 QDon't let complexity stop you. Be activists. Take on the big inequities. It wi
1 U+ ~" H4 I; p `+ lll be one of the great experiences of your lives. 6 g/ z5 A4 o+ A
* {) X, H2 A% T+ u0 A1 G不要让这个世界的复杂性阻碍你前进。要成为一个行动主义者。将解决人类的不平等视为 ) e: x, `, A9 A+ g2 u; w$ S3 F
己任。它将成为你生命中最重要的经历之一。
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You graduates are coming of age in an amazing time. As you leave Harvard, you 8 ]2 \, w- Q$ \& i7 d2 V
have technology that members of my class never had. You have awareness of glob ( D. F/ b# _8 E& M
al inequity, which we did not have. And with that awareness, you likely also h 5 r M+ w1 ~- P$ o
ave an informed conscience that will torment you if you abandon these people w * ?1 _6 ?% G5 I0 l
hose lives you could change with very little effort. You have more than we had
) d* H* y+ u7 `0 |9 [$ w$ a; you must start sooner, and carry on longer.
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在座的各位毕业的同学,你们所处的时代是一个神奇的时代。当你们离开哈佛的时候,你
( ]0 w+ [* m2 S9 }4 k) t& [9 p: y& q们拥有的技术,是我们那一届学生所没有的。你们已经了解到了世界上的不平等,我们那 + n9 Q+ L* h% _6 r+ s: L
时还不知道这些。有了这样的了解之后,要是你再弃那些你可以帮助的人们于不顾,就将
* ~& P# X- \; P! A5 R受到良心的谴责,只需一点小小的努力,你就可以改变那些人们的生活。你们比我们拥有
& s/ O& E$ @/ `5 p0 V更大的能力;你们必须尽早开始,尽可能长时期坚持下去。 4 a3 x; K, d" }( O
2 V/ R: B- G' Y# g/ a& S
Knowing what you know, how could you not?
+ t5 i) x) _# T7 x8 _9 X! ]4 A. M5 d/ q3 P
知道了你们所知道的一切,你们怎么可能不采取行动呢? 1 Z1 z/ T) P6 W# |$ V- h
8 b, w" w5 J% b ~
And I hope you will come back here to Harvard 30 years from now and reflect on
, V: @0 U) Y, B' R" z p/ J7 ]what you have done with your talent and your energy. I hope you will judge yo ( P) [4 T8 h6 o( e( R- b) P
urselves not on your professional accomplishments alone, but also on how well * ^7 k% }$ q+ i7 y( V, O
you have addressed the world's deepest inequities … on how well you treated p ' G/ ^$ ]; u3 ?! ^/ ]* z' G
eople a world away who have nothing in common with you but their humanity.
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我希望,30年后你们还会再回到哈佛,想起你们用自己的天赋和能力所做出的一切。我希 & V2 \1 `% ]( x& ^
望,在那个时候,你们用来评价自己的标准,不仅仅是你们的专业成就,而包括你们为改 ( _; \9 ]5 z8 m! ~ p9 _1 `, I
变这个世界深刻的不平等所做出的努力,以及你们如何善待那些远隔千山万水、与你们毫
$ \8 b, C$ J/ H1 O* U d不涉及的人们,你们与他们唯一的共同点就是同为人类。 |
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