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2008-11-02 01:02:11 来自: lightpie(上次登录还是1.5年前.....)
; Y# ]+ }2 ~9 ?4 m5 x6 r比尔·盖茨在哈佛大学毕业典礼上的演讲 ' |* l% [1 ]( O8 }- N& ]2 h
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2007年6月7日
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阮一峰 译 8 N# G0 P8 w1 S9 F
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President Bok, former President Rudenstine, incoming President Faust, members
: J7 g2 m" w! Q$ p, C1 |of the Harvard Corporation and the Board of Overseers, members of the faculty, ) ^$ C: F4 f# s
parents, and especially, the graduates: 8 U6 ]1 {( ~, c
' A5 U1 i& J. D# f$ j尊敬的Bok校长,Rudenstine前校长,即将上任的Faust校长,哈佛集团的各位成员,监管 # S! B" C# n: c2 c$ l' i7 }7 i
理事会的各位理事,各位老师,各位家长,各位同学:
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I've been waiting more than 30 years to say this: "Dad, I always told you I'd : ^% j! @+ ?, n& W
come back and get my degree."
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! x5 i: s) s% A4 S有一句话我等了三十年,现在终于可以说了:“老爸,我总是跟你说,我会回来拿到我的
+ ?$ q( a! Y8 b/ X学位的!” 3 a3 E# g; ]8 F$ M i5 X
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I want to thank Harvard for this timely honor. I'll be changing my job next ye
/ v/ k9 h3 K; @9 Aar … and it will be nice to finally have a college degree on my resume.
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我要感谢哈佛大学在这个时候给我这个荣誉。明年,我就要换工作了(注:指从微软公司 ' s" c( ?8 b& r) A7 l* u
退休)……我终于可以在简历上写我有一个本科学位,这真是不错啊。 8 Y. k& a x5 a; }- Y' @& Z
2 F2 _" y+ f* @8 `2 A8 k( p. zI applaud the graduates today for taking a much more direct route to your degr * g8 x; \. Q; U/ ?/ k) M
ees. For my part, I'm just happy that the Crimson has called me "Harvard's mos ( m" h, N. {0 f* I. R' E0 }
t successful dropout." I guess that makes me valedictorian of my own special c : o2 g6 s7 K( D% k0 K E y# Z! E
lass … I did the best of everyone who failed. + R# w2 ] ~9 d I$ F' @1 t/ x( e
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我为今天在座的各位同学感到高兴,你们拿到学位可比我简单多了。哈佛的校报称我是“ : V) F. f3 ^' j5 [( O1 q
哈佛大学历史上最成功的辍学生”。我想这大概使我有资格代表我这一类学生发言……在 2 @/ t9 v( i6 h/ ~: [
所有的失败者里,我做得最好。 # n( H1 I8 G$ A
0 l: Q: C1 P) J$ e. a1 ^1 C; X, kBut I also want to be recognized as the guy who got Steve Ballmer to drop out $ k, e1 A( s. \4 v
of business school. I'm a bad influence. That's why I was invited to speak at ! S7 P3 @; X$ [0 h' Y+ d! x
your graduation. If I had spoken at your orientation, fewer of you might be he
$ u" k5 O" f% z. w7 B( t4 Zre today. " w8 e4 L$ r+ L( s- w
9 h0 p3 P/ i3 s r' H# b- U- S但是,我还要提醒大家,我使得Steve Ballmer(注:微软总经理)也从哈佛商学院退学了
7 p8 Z2 `8 g; ~3 \) A1 M/ K2 a; A。因此,我是个有着恶劣影响力的人。这就是为什么我被邀请来在你们的毕业典礼上演讲 * `$ E4 w2 w% ?
。如果我在你们入学欢迎仪式上演讲,那么能够坚持到今天在这里毕业的人也许会少得多 # U" T1 l, \3 |
吧。
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9 b6 O/ [) y" i' S8 `3 UHarvard was just a phenomenal experience for me. Academic life was fascinating g/ I/ y7 U# ~& M0 R) p
. I used to sit in on lots of classes I hadn't even signed up for. And dorm li
, q/ I/ O+ Z5 l9 nfe was terrific. I lived up at Radcliffe, in Currier House. There were always
( u3 Y! y1 W- x' v+ Qlots of people in my dorm room late at night discussing things, because everyo
0 R; v: w/ u2 I- ?0 D. [; Dne knew I didn't worry about getting up in the morning. That's how I came to b 2 O( ]) F5 h/ \$ Y3 s2 x; ?" b
e the leader of the anti-social group. We clung to each other as a way of vali 7 d& ? f% \4 f2 `7 s, T- [: N0 J
dating our rejection of all those social people.
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5 i4 q7 W0 V2 V2 \对我来说,哈佛的求学经历是一段非凡的经历。校园生活很有趣,我常去旁听我没选修的 % b% R6 H3 P( C2 t
课。哈佛的课外生活也很棒,我在Radcliffe过着逍遥自在的日子。每天我的寝室里总有很
. O6 F/ N- b8 F2 i5 T9 G' r" q多人一直待到半夜,讨论着各种事情。因为每个人都知道我从不考虑第二天早起。这使得
* r' D- `- ]- Z, u0 `我变成了校园里那些不安分学生的头头,我们互相粘在一起,做出一种拒绝所有正常学生 - A- G: N5 |3 h, z
的姿态。
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$ K9 ]( y( J% D. [5 iRadcliffe was a great place to live. There were more women up there, and most
0 E5 g: q: u n1 c* B! `6 x+ A/ fof the guys were science-math types. That combination offered me the best odds 5 y3 ~$ ]# R6 O0 t
, if you know what I mean. This is where I learned the sad lesson that improvi
7 y& [3 k Z6 n, {% ?5 U+ Ang your odds doesn't guarantee success. h3 f/ q: H! D% s/ v& q1 ~
$ T+ f/ w( V- K$ O% J" a( V# uRadcliffe是个过日子的好地方。那里的女生比男生多,而且大多数男生都是理工科的。这 4 s1 R7 E7 K/ p+ O+ n1 m! x
种状况为我创造了最好的机会,如果你们明白我的意思。可惜的是,我正是在这里学到了 ) ` }8 Q: N" {! z/ l
人生中悲伤的一课:机会大,并不等于你就会成功。
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6 C1 B5 U- N6 n) B. Y* z/ pOne of my biggest memories of Harvard came in January 1975, when I made a call % r- j, s: K0 s1 y& k
from Currier House to a company in Albuquerque that had begun making the worl
8 E# S. Z9 D Ed's first personal computers. I offered to sell them software. ; S4 E" y; m) `' X3 m" A' o% m
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我在哈佛最难忘的回忆之一,发生在1975年1月。那时,我从宿舍楼里给位于Albuquerque . ~& p; r, Y ?7 \4 N7 z
的一家公司打了一个电话,那家公司已经在着手制造世界上第一台个人电脑。我提出想向 ; S3 [$ C" n: s9 s1 r5 i
他们出售软件。 3 f# W0 p0 d2 Y$ x( O7 n' B* P
7 b& ?! g" f+ A7 m9 y7 R7 ~3 EI worried that they would realize I was just a student in a dorm and hang up o . _9 M- B. W, d% t6 H9 ^3 M
n me. Instead they said: "We're not quite ready, come see us in a month," whic / M6 U3 u' Q4 @! {
h was a good thing, because we hadn't written the software yet. From that mome
. S, [, \" Z) I: T8 Ont, I worked day and night on this little extra credit project that marked the
9 }; I) t+ l* B4 J8 s, V% Xend of my college education and the beginning of a remarkable journey with Mi
! O6 f! x5 H0 n2 D0 wcrosoft.
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我很担心,他们会发觉我是一个住在宿舍的学生,从而挂断电话。但是他们却说:“我们
* a: Z% d5 z. B, O还没准备好,一个月后你再来找我们吧。”这是个好消息,因为那时软件还根本没有写出
- ^2 H @& c N5 I" z来呢。就是从那个时候起,我日以继夜地在这个小小的课外项目上工作,这导致了我学生 9 E1 E0 q2 x# D* h" b) O
生活的结束,以及通往微软公司的不平凡的旅程的开始。
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: p. ^) ]) `5 tWhat I remember above all about Harvard was being in the midst of so much ener 9 T# k5 @3 _5 T B( u( ~5 e
gy and intelligence. It could be exhilarating, intimidating, sometimes even di 9 O- ?# L/ X& x. u: V4 `
scouraging, but always challenging. It was an amazing privilege – and though 9 ^; J& z) I2 c7 A8 w9 W
I left early, I was transformed by my years at Harvard, the friendships I made . h, a) l- X, O3 C' M
, and the ideas I worked on.
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不管怎样,我对哈佛的回忆主要都与充沛的精力和智力活动有关。哈佛的生活令人愉快, " {/ ?+ |5 H" X# j% J! j
也令人感到有压力,有时甚至会感到泄气,但永远充满了挑战性。生活在哈佛是一种吸引
# H& B7 s' Z' K人的特殊待遇……虽然我离开得比较早,但是我在这里的经历、在这里结识的朋友、在这 ) |3 F4 }5 I) j$ m
里发展起来的一些想法,永远地改变了我。 ; f" B" w8 `9 Q$ ]7 r: z
q/ d, G: A$ J7 Y. l4 bBut taking a serious look back … I do have one big regret. + J+ m5 M a G* a1 X
7 G! w9 o+ L1 P- m$ x2 e3 ^$ \但是,如果现在严肃地回忆起来,我确实有一个真正的遗憾。 - H" ]9 @/ f9 ?! v$ L
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I left Harvard with no real awareness of the awful inequities in the world – % p( m* _: ?7 @( H9 e e) V9 w
the appalling disparities of health, and wealth, and opportunity that condemn
# {4 T; o/ X; G% d1 o9 ?$ W5 I* j, jmillions of people to lives of despair. $ v& F1 Y7 |5 x5 D7 B! e1 r
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我离开哈佛的时候,根本没有意识到这个世界是多么的不平等。人类在健康、财富和机遇
8 t! A. S6 Z/ C5 E" o9 \上的不平等大得可怕,它们使得无数的人们被迫生活在绝望之中。 5 U( O! a! p/ Q2 u
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I learned a lot here at Harvard about new ideas in economics and politics. I g
' f9 V$ a2 J. X c& t6 k8 q& wot great exposure to the advances being made in the sciences.
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: ]$ E5 ?7 L1 F5 f/ Q/ b我在哈佛学到了很多经济学和政治学的新思想。我也了解了很多科学上的新进展。 3 V9 f9 [/ s" E' n4 F
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But humanity's greatest advances are not in its discoveries – but in how thos
, m% [$ ?& q2 Y& y s" u( Be discoveries are applied to reduce inequity. Whether through democracy, stron ! U3 W) w+ t3 r5 G
g public education, quality health care, or broad economic opportunity – redu
$ h2 u K2 b6 `; x8 Ucing inequity is the highest human achievement.
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但是,人类最大的进步并不来自于这些发现,而是来自于那些有助于减少人类不平等的发 6 K5 ^) z5 s: y1 p( ^! U& Q/ N5 U- D
现。不管通过何种手段——民主制度、健全的公共教育体系、高质量的医疗保健、还是广
$ R' O f4 h5 S3 e! I x& ?, I泛的经济机会——减少不平等始终是人类最大的成就。 3 W! g# D' |/ H7 {
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I left campus knowing little about the millions of young people cheated out of # M" O. G P k$ V
educational opportunities here in this country. And I knew nothing about the
' w& V3 r G7 x4 b- xmillions of people living in unspeakable poverty and disease in developing cou 2 |8 r1 \0 ~ x w3 E( b
ntries. . C7 P/ ^0 j8 \0 f; n& O. P0 q
1 V) F2 l, I* Z, M1 Y% q我离开校园的时候,根本不知道在这个国家里,有几百万的年轻人无法获得接受教育的机
a8 @0 n. h! l" D0 f9 B1 u: J. O2 K会。我也不知道,发展中国家里有无数的人们生活在无法形容的贫穷和疾病之中。
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3 n, H7 a& A4 ?It took me decades to find out.
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我花了几十年才明白了这些事情。
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# T5 H* N2 n! H4 D8 G; \1 nYou graduates came to Harvard at a different time. You know more about the wor
6 _; P4 k: c R4 J( t# c3 W1 Yld's inequities than the classes that came before. In your years here, I hope
1 M6 S6 }- c, n% I+ L3 {; q" p1 ]you've had a chance to think about how – in this age of accelerating technolo # Z8 O* D! K' z/ f- W
gy – we can finally take on these inequities, and we can solve them. $ \- e a+ D9 H& k0 A& U
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在座的各位同学,你们是在与我不同的时代来到哈佛的。你们比以前的学生,更多地了解
) h/ P( ]5 E, i/ U( R1 S世界是怎样的不平等。在你们的哈佛求学过程中,我希望你们已经思考过一个问题,那就
& m9 N3 _3 M& ~是在这个新技术加速发展的时代,我们怎样最终应对这种不平等,以及我们怎样来解决这 2 [( W9 E7 S. `& ]2 N, n2 l: u' ]
个问题。
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Imagine, just for the sake of discussion, that you had a few hours a week and 5 C1 j4 K5 N- [; E9 z: o2 J2 I0 l
a few dollars a month to donate to a cause – and you wanted to spend that tim
. B. J. \$ g3 j# {! u2 |0 _e and money where it would have the greatest impact in saving and improving li 9 }: `% i2 l$ R- x/ o4 d
ves. Where would you spend it? 2 H" c/ M$ c* L( E! N
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为了讨论的方便,请想象一下,假如你每个星期可以捐献一些时间、每个月可以捐献一些
7 O* ]+ E6 T1 G) F% t; _+ s钱——你希望这些时间和金钱,可以用到对拯救生命和改善人类生活有最大作用的地方。
1 q4 d k6 T4 \你会选择什么地方? 2 ^- F# f. w+ }0 \+ K
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For Melinda and for me, the challenge is the same: how can we do the most good
: T0 T5 @" j! A! l# G6 k0 Y4 _% yfor the greatest number with the resources we have.
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对Melinda(注:盖茨的妻子)和我来说,这也是我们面临的问题:我们如何能将我们拥有
+ e" G4 Y7 ]2 q: E" Q0 k的资源发挥出最大的作用。 ! h0 k" ^* k/ W) a( r: ^
; X) B$ n& T% \! b$ Z3 E. }. WDuring our discussions on this question, Melinda and I read an article about t " E( @# A7 }( h- c+ h* a. K2 i4 r
he millions of children who were dying every year in poor countries from disea * S/ S, t$ X* a
ses that we had long ago made harmless in this country. Measles, malaria, pneu
- ?( L6 k1 t) B" e4 zmonia, hepatitis B, yellow fever. One disease I had never even heard of, rotav $ d/ a* ^- f& a& b4 A
irus, was killing half a million kids each year – none of them in the United . A- a& Z+ f5 L# V0 ~
States.
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在讨论过程中,Melinda和我读到了一篇文章,里面说在那些贫穷的国家,每年有数百万的 # K! v p# k: a& N
儿童死于那些在美国早已不成问题的疾病。麻疹、疟疾、肺炎、乙型肝炎、黄热病、还有
, z- ~0 |* l5 p3 v3 F& @一种以前我从未听说过的轮状病毒,这些疾病每年导致50万儿童死亡,但是在美国一例死
4 Q9 x4 ?( J( H" S. I亡病例也没有。 , W1 t% U8 ]* f
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We were shocked. We had just assumed that if millions of children were dying a
" o- a3 S$ a0 K1 Dnd they could be saved, the world would make it a priority to discover and del 8 E6 O5 @* f$ X1 M
iver the medicines to save them. But it did not. For under a dollar, there wer 0 U) g- M/ L( q; R: _1 X
e interventions that could save lives that just weren't being delivered.
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& n2 @$ d0 k( J* j" w( M我们被震惊了。我们想,如果几百万儿童正在死亡线上挣扎,而且他们是可以被挽救的,
+ k9 q1 W9 K) a; x: h: ?那么世界理应将用药物拯救他们作为头等大事。但是事实并非如此。那些价格还不到一美 ( M8 n" L8 M$ l0 a
元的救命的药剂,并没有送到他们的手中。 : N& ^% W9 C+ n
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If you believe that every life has equal value, it's revolting to learn that s - l' l8 _/ p0 W* ~7 _# V. W8 u
ome lives are seen as worth saving and others are not. We said to ourselves: " $ ?* \: {* _; u' f
This can't be true. But if it is true, it deserves to be the priority of our g
' E! e$ v- w2 V: Y, Giving."
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如果你相信每个生命都是平等的,那么当你发现某些生命被挽救了,而另一些生命被放弃
5 A: z ^0 z/ Q, P5 y) \3 ?( U了,你会感到无法接受。我们对自己说:“事情不可能如此。如果这是真的,那么它理应
$ ~) y$ f1 n4 B" S是我们努力的头等大事。”
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! y- c( j6 ~' |6 ISo we began our work in the same way anyone here would begin it. We asked: "Ho S7 s) g; ~, c9 Y8 y
w could the world let these children die?" 0 X2 u3 t i: I: x' o
, S6 q) ?; q& Q6 n4 d2 g所以,我们用任何人都会想到的方式开始工作。我们问:“这个世界怎么可以眼睁睁看着
( G$ P9 ]) Y5 y/ \5 O j这些孩子死去?”
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6 U0 ~( p/ D4 `, a0 GThe answer is simple, and harsh. The market did not reward saving the lives of
4 q Z" q; v$ O7 J; _# xthese children, and governments did not subsidize it. So the children died be
! ~2 S# W, v$ y/ J7 Y! U1 o) Xcause their mothers and their fathers had no power in the market and no voice
( o {& Y) N; d$ h) r5 lin the system. % o, |& r* K% t' ~
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答案很简单,也很令人难堪。在市场经济中,拯救儿童是一项没有利润的工作,政府也不 ) ]. p: w5 M) D( G# [/ [
会提供补助。这些儿童之所以会死亡,是因为他们的父母在经济上没有实力,在政治上没 $ c/ S( P# R- m4 \9 ^9 m/ B3 m; M
有能力发出声音。
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$ f0 `! ~2 B& e3 K, MBut you and I have both.
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但是,你们和我在经济上有实力,在政治上能够发出声音。 , g( j) [* V1 J; s( q* q
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We can make market forces work better for the poor if we can develop a more cr 6 x: @/ G) O" G8 U
eative capitalism – if we can stretch the reach of market forces so that more
7 n: g5 f; t3 {; Dpeople can make a profit, or at least make a living, serving people who are s z( j0 F* D i* y7 ? W* r$ l8 i" e
uffering from the worst inequities. We also can press governments around the w 9 S% {2 [$ w+ ^4 f9 D: {
orld to spend taxpayer money in ways that better reflect the values of the peo ; I/ _7 d2 n& F l" G4 C% W. Z4 @
ple who pay the taxes.
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# U0 p% I# V/ [ S我们可以让市场更好地为穷人服务,如果我们能够设计出一种更有创新性的资本主义制度 & R. T4 _6 D9 e! M! c% H
——如果我们可以改变市场,让更多的人可以获得利润,或者至少可以维持生活——那么
( N% G( T& X1 z; E( J,这就可以帮到那些正在极端不平等的状况中受苦的人们。我们还可以向全世界的政府施
, ? B5 v) A& o2 W) P7 Z, B压,要求他们将纳税人的钱,花到更符合纳税人价值观的地方。 8 I. c' o2 x5 m% A4 n
. e4 H% ?$ y3 k' G1 i5 VIf we can find approaches that meet the needs of the poor in ways that generat / j, h* y9 q D* m2 H
e profits for business and votes for politicians, we will have found a sustain ( g4 c5 w) [$ ~4 W! _# c
able way to reduce inequity in the world. This task is open-ended. It can neve 9 R2 N3 Q9 A8 `! O N5 T$ x; w
r be finished. But a conscious effort to answer this challenge will change the
1 A! Z {6 u$ @1 @! y/ Jworld. : u' B5 f) l- O8 y
* j8 z4 j2 X' r E' y! A9 p& Q
如果我们能够找到这样一种方法,既可以帮到穷人,又可以为商人带来利润,为政治家带 3 w3 v8 c7 y) P( z. d- c8 ~0 {- L! Y$ L
来选票,那么我们就找到了一种减少世界性不平等的可持续的发展道路。这个任务是无限
' E: L/ V# {) @6 ?- X' L的。它不可能被完全完成,但是任何自觉地解决这个问题的尝试,都将会改变这个世界。 ) b% {$ Y4 ^1 `4 b2 G$ l3 L( f6 m0 }
: D! \+ n* M( a
! u: V2 Q8 b; }! `. N) nI am optimistic that we can do this, but I talk to skeptics who claim there is
3 h( e/ {9 s; `1 `$ }! u5 ?8 Wno hope. They say: "Inequity has been with us since the beginning, and will b
1 a# u! D+ }" ?e with us till the end – because people just … don't … care." I completely
' b, j. a+ G: \! Hdisagree.
* O# }$ t! e% C
& q' Z, K& e" }/ z& a1 j. W在这个问题上,我是乐观的。但是,我也遇到过那些感到绝望的怀疑主义者。他们说:“ 1 n# j$ y3 }2 X
不平等从人类诞生的第一天就存在,到人类灭亡的最后一天也将存在。——因为人类对这
+ n# e& C& @. \6 }+ D个问题根本不在乎。”我完全不能同意这种观点。
5 e5 W: y6 o |/ G) e! Q1 s% y. D! f: R% C
I believe we have more caring than we know what to do with.
, ]6 e4 N! {+ p
' B+ L$ f0 m+ \- F7 R w) j; e我相信,问题不是我们不在乎,而是我们不知道怎么做。 % Z9 Z- V. ^0 I, p' Z* x# g' W/ V
# K7 D& P4 @) q$ F( O ?
All of us here in this Yard, at one time or another, have seen human tragedies . Q- A+ v+ e I" N% _
that broke our hearts, and yet we did nothing – not because we didn't care,
, ^8 Y" A: ^* p7 Lbut because we didn't know what to do. If we had known how to help, we would h
4 }. b+ b- @/ W) |5 h r) Vave acted.
8 b+ I0 B$ y3 U0 E0 S
' w8 c9 r3 ]1 x* m8 `* ~8 v6 M3 R此刻在这个院子里的所有人,生命中总有这样或那样的时刻,目睹人类的悲剧,感到万分
0 ^* I+ E7 F4 ?0 K伤心。但是我们什么也没做,并非我们无动于衷,而是因为我们不知道做什么和怎么做。
/ E( G6 g3 w1 K% J% [4 ^& h如果我们知道如何做是有效的,那么我们就会采取行动。 2 p2 S t0 d: {; V
" m7 l5 E+ C3 B% e, I: z! e% {
The barrier to change is not too little caring; it is too much complexity.
# Q8 L0 M1 Q% l" }
/ j& `: b! V! E改变世界的阻碍,并非人类的冷漠,而是世界实在太复杂。
3 ?7 [) n @) v, o5 w" n6 ?3 I/ K5 X3 S& g" ?' i9 h
To turn caring into action, we need to see a problem, see a solution, and see 5 d0 @. B! t- T( \
the impact. But complexity blocks all three steps.
3 B, ?4 C' p" s& w7 O' g
/ p4 T& _3 m, i; T* f6 \% s* R7 F( C为了将关心转变为行动,我们需要找到问题,发现解决办法的方法,评估后果。但是世界 7 E' ?" O' m6 g5 L9 z H
的复杂性使得所有这些步骤都难于做到。 9 q5 p V0 G( T: c3 n
0 d2 A' Y$ {8 I% W tEven with the advent of the Internet and 24-hour news, it is still a complex e
* a7 G2 q( `- Q( H: L. {nterprise to get people to truly see the problems. When an airplane crashes, o
6 P9 t( ^5 V7 h: \fficials immediately call a press conference. They promise to investigate, det 7 T7 e ~6 O7 _+ r# Z8 m5 A
ermine the cause, and prevent similar crashes in the future.
8 [- w* p' ~+ A2 X( E+ X! O# \8 `* C+ k/ C' }/ u: V$ p$ v
即使有了互联网和24小时直播的新闻台,让人们真正发现问题所在,仍然十分困难。当一
/ E6 ~' M0 A$ m5 O; s7 T+ D架飞机坠毁了,官员们会立刻召开新闻发布会,他们承诺进行调查、找到原因、防止将来 - q1 _0 i5 d3 P Q
再次发生类似事故。
' `, Z' ]7 p" Z% z4 w
. T3 A1 t- a6 u: V- V9 t0 IBut if the officials were brutally honest, they would say: "Of all the people
% u+ P# V2 `9 b1 T" |in the world who died today from preventable causes, one half of one percent o
9 B1 {( \! l/ s+ X2 Uf them were on this plane. We're determined to do everything possible to solve 0 u+ r7 o( s' O5 y5 l" }) u
the problem that took the lives of the one half of one percent."
$ I; ?" E4 S# @- i8 u- _
% ~( ` M6 S% ?' S9 d) C6 T' P但是如果那些官员敢说真话,他们就会说:“在今天这一天,全世界所有可以避免的死亡
c O* S% K+ ]之中,只有0.5%的死者来自于这次空难。我们决心尽一切努力,调查这个0.5%的死亡原因 ' j6 N1 J5 A0 N. i: H6 T
。” 0 U9 f" p/ u' U. `9 w. b
B/ f% ~% v* D" o \* A
The bigger problem is not the plane crash, but the millions of preventable dea 7 E4 o0 ]6 S3 C: W+ c1 W7 w* X3 \5 V
ths. 9 D! [* l, {% X/ Z) I" E5 I
4 B, y% B4 E, U3 G
显然,更重要的问题不是这次空难,而是其他几百万可以预防的死亡事件。
% M) `8 m1 R1 s" R: A
! W2 ?/ s' c$ \" t _0 HWe don't read much about these deaths. The media covers what's new – and mill , M4 E# H2 e* _; e5 D5 ?
ions of people dying is nothing new. So it stays in the background, where it's # M7 H% U$ k- y: O; m
easier to ignore. But even when we do see it or read about it, it's difficult
' r) k% w n7 ?" Z" H+ Mto keep our eyes on the problem. It's hard to look at suffering if the situat
1 j- ]" @2 {, m1 cion is so complex that we don't know how to help. And so we look away. * I- A9 {0 A0 H" j! V
% i- f+ D. ?) k2 {+ R我们并没有很多机会了解那些死亡事件。媒体总是报告新闻,几百万人将要死去并非新闻 . f& f) y/ z* x
。如果没有人报道,那么这些事件就很容易被忽视。另一方面,即使我们确实目睹了事件 ) x l0 b& ^. x6 d& w. a/ y
本身或者看到了相关报道,我们也很难持续关注这些事件。看着他人受苦是令人痛苦的, 5 y- ~, @8 }* k# J0 }, d
何况问题又如此复杂,我们根本不知道如何去帮助他人。所以我们会将脸转过去。 * o6 Y* p6 U' Z N# C
* Y: \# V; W# y! ]7 @& C/ MIf we can really see a problem, which is the first step, we come to the second 3 C' X# T$ a# m l# K, i. o5 A
step: cutting through the complexity to find a solution.
! y7 c% Z; X5 z2 V
, Z1 b0 C! g/ Y! B就算我们真正发现了问题所在,也不过是迈出了第一步,接着还有第二步:那就是从复杂 $ c- { h7 g3 ]' @4 M1 \
的事件中找到解决办法。 6 Z7 `" j, q# h* `. y
' c% a( H5 W1 l* d" |, E2 |5 R
Finding solutions is essential if we want to make the most of our caring. If w
* [) A- z# | H5 R+ ke have clear and proven answers anytime an organization or individual asks "Ho / Z3 n. p, ^, h: `+ |. Z
w can I help?," then we can get action – and we can make sure that none of th 5 _1 U2 |; F9 B4 }( m$ D
e caring in the world is wasted. But complexity makes it hard to mark a path o
, g4 y, r! m8 r/ {f action for everyone who cares — and that makes it hard for their caring to ; J% L1 @8 e& c- x* N3 M7 H2 J0 o
matter. 8 _! p. h% s( D7 e, S
. @& U3 y" [ W, P% O. a
如果我们要让关心落到实处,我们就必须找到解决办法。如果我们有一个清晰的和可靠的 ) `7 {! C6 ^7 o" ?8 d
答案,那么当任何组织和个人发出疑问“如何我能提供帮助”的时候,我们就能采取行动 3 Q0 K! {. h) p" d( A/ d
。我们就能够保证不浪费一丁点全世界人类对他人的关心。但是,世界的复杂性使得很难
" l9 J" J5 @- d# M% d7 P找到对全世界每一个有爱心的人都有效的行动方法,因此人类对他人的关心往往很难产生 ! i% j% t5 w6 Q& t: B1 ~
实际效果。
: T! e2 i; Q. L. P7 K( a3 D6 e2 W
* M2 a) c# `- T" PCutting through complexity to find a solution runs through four predictable st
8 f! p5 C- \- Gages: determine a goal, find the highest-leverage approach, discover the ideal
& k6 A9 @- {7 p Itechnology for that approach, and in the meantime, make the smartest applicat
: w6 b+ A: g9 w% @* `- Xion of the technology that you already have — whether it's something sophisti
c. U4 p3 i2 e/ Rcated, like a drug, or something simpler, like a bednet.
0 C6 v: w* ?3 c6 }5 Z
8 e* Y7 a9 F2 H2 r( _/ T+ p从这个复杂的世界中找到解决办法,可以分为四个步骤:确定目标,找到最高效的方法, & |* G$ \! A* b; v) U* n1 {4 z
发现适用于这个方法的新技术,同时最聪明地利用现有的技术,不管它是复杂的药物,还 4 m, U( y, X, @4 S4 V. z
是最简单的蚊帐。 , j* R9 [$ S+ J$ I4 H2 f9 P
: Y, [" W. I* a8 R( N) z2 XThe AIDS epidemic offers an example. The broad goal, of course, is to end the
* D. J6 D- e! G/ I4 @; H; ydisease. The highest-leverage approach is prevention. The ideal technology wou
d. |+ w. }! X a4 P- H% I; Nld be a vaccine that gives lifetime immunity with a single dose. So government
6 `$ I* i, c- z) e6 Qs, drug companies, and foundations fund vaccine research. But their work is li
) s6 }( n$ l: U8 U4 u0 Pkely to take more than a decade, so in the meantime, we have to work with what & \5 k( Q: X' d7 R% C6 X0 |
we have in hand – and the best prevention approach we have now is getting pe # {/ C; l, u, S6 A; i% d
ople to avoid risky behavior. / x3 r1 u# A- y
9 ]/ D: }( U$ K8 J/ T: {
艾滋病就是一个例子。总的目标,毫无疑问是消灭这种疾病。最高效的方法是预防。最理 1 a" L" L0 E' }3 C
想的技术是发明一种疫苗,只要注射一次,就可以终生免疫。所以,政府、制药公司、基
& b! J6 d ?6 u( T: E. C金会应该资助疫苗研究。但是,这样研究工作很可能十年之内都无法完成。因此,与此同 # w) [. p9 u- y) n
时,我们必须使用现有的技术,目前最有效的预防方法就是设法让人们避免那些危险的行 8 V5 f( L! k2 S# S9 z- m5 I3 V3 e
为。 4 n$ |8 G8 z. v% Y* H8 u- w
* O% c" e( V' _
Pursuing that goal starts the four-step cycle again. This is the pattern. The 8 f& ]& Y( _, G2 d0 |0 x! R
crucial thing is to never stop thinking and working – and never do what we di ' O B! h. g. V) C+ @
d with malaria and tuberculosis in the 20th century – which is to surrender t 3 j; z% U5 _/ s$ {
o complexity and quit.
) {4 b7 s5 j+ M; k7 D' k" l. M! N* Q3 T2 g; A7 Q
要实现这个新的目标,又可以采用新的四步循环。这是一种模式。关键的东西是永远不要 - k% e ~( p0 F5 J. I {
停止思考和行动。我们千万不能再犯上个世纪在疟疾和肺结核上犯过的错误,那时我们因 : C2 T& N" M% \0 n5 z2 a
为它们太复杂,而放弃了采取行动。
2 z, B& o1 X9 K7 N% E" _0 w
, C. r4 I& c3 DThe final step – after seeing the problem and finding an approach – is to me 7 ^' L1 B, q6 [4 B6 A; o
asure the impact of your work and share your successes and failures so that ot - U3 c$ V% M( s
hers learn from your efforts. 6 ^% q1 J' B F; I% D r' Y
0 C* A$ X( h8 J1 _+ ~6 t8 `
在发现问题和找到解决方法之后,就是最后一步——评估工作结果,将你的成功经验或者 ' R6 m7 j; m# j% L0 B3 \4 Q! {- g
失败经验传播出去,这样其他人就可以从你的努力中有所收获。 U2 W! S, @- N. B! t
/ a2 v. a* s4 i- k* c% |" R$ X- lYou have to have the statistics, of course. You have to be able to show that a ! q) `/ ]6 s. l+ S; P' Q
program is vaccinating millions more children. You have to be able to show a 0 f$ ^3 n' t, G) u% O
decline in the number of children dying from these diseases. This is essential + p: C% X. J6 o- Q' E2 a( X
not just to improve the program, but also to help draw more investment from b 5 }5 X4 b" J% c+ O: A& V, @
usiness and government. ! ^1 j5 s' }1 r4 q
/ p" Y' K3 P6 B8 s
当然,你必须有一些统计数字。你必须让他人知道,你的项目为几百万儿童新接种了疫苗
' P) z- R/ t+ f+ W; S。你也必须让他人知道,儿童死亡人数下降了多少。这些都是很关键的,不仅有利于改善
. x# D! f1 E D5 C( w, r! [项目效果,也有利于从商界和政府得到更多的帮助。 * w% f- g; y: i, Q$ b
0 [7 E$ e: f4 X- @
But if you want to inspire people to participate, you have to show more than n
+ X: K: M2 e& N# i4 J% Zumbers; you have to convey the human impact of the work – so people can feel
' C0 M8 W4 G' j/ K. R- h- `what saving a life means to the families affected. f I+ i9 k/ G6 ?, b6 O! n- p4 Z
5 R7 L( R& ?+ o j# B, A
但是,这些还不够,如果你想激励其他人参加你的项目,你就必须拿出更多的统计数字;
3 \8 ]/ Q7 f" i. l* [2 Z3 ^7 S* T7 C你必须展示你的项目的人性因素,这样其他人就会感到拯救一个生命,对那些处在困境中
- ~. J* M2 W2 s的家庭到底意味着什么。
4 f' [1 J& X, u$ Y7 C0 u( o# B$ L9 f: A
I remember going to Davos some years back and sitting on a global health panel 1 i/ }5 h6 R# h* k8 d3 |
that was discussing ways to save millions of lives. Millions! Think of the th / ]1 C& |& E+ }& _' C
rill of saving just one person's life – then multiply that by millions. … Ye
8 J' Q/ m2 v) G6 V/ a/ ft this was the most boring panel I've ever been on – ever. So boring even I c
6 w5 L) v9 K. X. r/ ]+ W- i: douldn't bear it. 2 R2 M( C q6 e0 R0 ]. A8 ~
' S" q0 w) \. t
几年前,我去瑞士达沃斯旁听一个全球健康问题论坛,会议的内容有关于如何拯救几百万 3 Z8 P$ D3 X( L
条生命。天哪,是几百万!想一想吧,拯救一个人的生命已经让人何等激动,现在你要把 % s' J* \9 s; H% m5 q
这种激动再乘上几百万倍……但是,不幸的是,这是我参加过的最最乏味的论坛,乏味到 ! m6 H9 z$ q0 {) m. p
我无法强迫自己听下去。
# l6 ^. @& E; \* A; w. U
, e: x0 f9 ?. P! q( V ]What made that experience especially striking was that I had just come from an
3 ^1 K+ }/ M* C; Sevent where we were introducing version 13 of some piece of software, and we 0 R% C: P) v$ e3 X
had people jumping and shouting with excitement. I love getting people excited 0 t/ G% o$ h! {- l4 |' I
about software – but why can't we generate even more excitement for saving l 6 z0 G; E" K6 a) `4 W! o
ives?
/ A( @$ V' M# R ^- N& X: {" v& B; d1 O' w) a
那次经历之所以让我难忘,是因为之前我们刚刚发布了一个软件的第13个版本,我们让观
5 p8 ~4 e, {% _( W& A$ X2 A9 p众激动得跳了起来,喊出了声。我喜欢人们因为软件而感到激动,那么我们为什么不能够
9 Y0 {- F2 T+ P) N让人们因为能够拯救生命而感到更加激动呢? 0 ]# x8 x' j$ X L) c8 o$ ~
# ?' _! h7 \5 d- f! e2 L8 ?You can't get people excited unless you can help them see and feel the impact. 7 D8 Y* u3 e% n$ P/ c
And how you do that – is a complex question.
+ b* x. n$ O7 b% z3 W( U$ S( m: g# F i& C) E$ k- [' ?8 Q6 q
除非你能够让人们看到或者感受到行动的影响力,否则你无法让人们激动。如何做到这一
0 q& A* d( b2 C0 W9 u点,并不是一件简单的事。 x5 M7 E& N, M& [+ e
. |2 x4 F' {+ a! B3 s# l
Still, I'm optimistic. Yes, inequity has been with us forever, but the new too
; u0 c' V g! G. ~3 {: u7 X/ \ls we have to cut through complexity have not been with us forever. They are n
$ N: T" l; }5 b, p9 K6 Uew – they can help us make the most of our caring – and that's why the futur # p" N4 T! _! u* k! P0 H
e can be different from the past.
0 I7 ~* k. W0 j
- {. I3 H: H3 y4 m; t# _同前面一样,在这个问题上,我依然是乐观的。不错,人类的不平等有史以来一直存在, 1 E& ?' O. y; Q& ?; {4 d
但是那些能够化繁为简的新工具,却是最近才出现的。这些新工具可以帮助我们,将人类 , B4 A0 D, t9 g
的同情心发挥最大的作用,这就是为什么将来同过去是不一样的。 ) n. f+ T1 e+ `. \
2 d$ H. v5 @8 r0 t' S; }2 m/ xThe defining and ongoing innovations of this age – biotechnology, the compute $ Z' y$ u1 T) x( R# q5 e
r, the Internet – give us a chance we've never had before to end extreme pove
1 p" {; Y6 y) x ]" h7 D$ }rty and end death from preventable disease.
$ b# F" @+ f* s! R/ i3 N; M
- B5 y) e1 j7 u9 f( L这个时代无时无刻不在涌现出新的革新——生物技术,计算机,互联网——它们给了我们 1 g O3 _6 d i0 m6 _' N; {9 g
一个从未有过的机会,去终结那些极端的贫穷和非恶性疾病的死亡。
! k( F) E+ \, e) ~* f% E
; g2 X9 r4 X/ ~1 hSixty years ago, George Marshall came to this commencement and announced a pla
8 |( S. @ z5 d; J% q' ~) B' zn to assist the nations of post-war Europe. He said: "I think one difficulty i , A5 Y6 j" u N; S
s that the problem is one of such enormous complexity that the very mass of fa
' ~) p% A) o0 {/ ^6 N" octs presented to the public by press and radio make it exceedingly difficult f
( H4 y: u- u: Y7 m/ @! Hor the man in the street to reach a clear appraisement of the situation. It is 3 U# a h- w! M" R
virtually impossible at this distance to grasp at all the real significance o 9 \0 n2 H, w. x- s9 ^. e6 ]
f the situation."
. o# C$ R( p% n8 ~# U# O5 x$ Z/ q9 W! n$ I. E" `6 O5 U, y
六十年前,乔治·马歇尔也是在这个地方的毕业典礼上,宣布了一个计划,帮助那些欧洲 ; A, x3 t* D, t: j6 M! w: C/ {
国家的战后建设。他说:“我认为,困难的一点是这个问题太复杂,报纸和电台向公众源
+ j, L# k9 M; Q% Q2 b# F5 [" G源不断地提供各种事实,使得大街上的普通人极端难于清晰地判断形势。事实上,经过层 " `2 m: T4 B; ^ [: [& W9 c
层传播,想要真正地把握形势,是根本不可能的。”
3 L% V+ b! x! J- h* m i! m6 @% s( X" a' a* C' r
Thirty years after Marshall made his address, as my class graduated without me
: P! B4 U3 z; N( Q' W, technology was emerging that would make the world smaller, more open, more v
6 b" ~" S& }. w+ l5 Iisible, less distant. + J6 X) c5 i6 f& M0 u9 g9 w
O! W- U9 Q" _/ p8 Y
马歇尔发表这个演讲之后的三十年,我那一届学生毕业,当然我不在其中。那时,新技术 6 A2 e; w1 A( k* k* Z
刚刚开始萌芽,它们将使得这个世界变得更小、更开放、更容易看到、距离更近。 7 ?+ S& T8 E& Z- E
% N5 h! |- J. H) H
The emergence of low-cost personal computers gave rise to a powerful network t
2 \3 F& F0 F5 h6 L3 Phat has transformed opportunities for learning and communicating.
U0 S% j5 m2 ~# ]% Q
+ A. N# s, a9 G! t& @低成本的个人电脑的出现,使得一个强大的互联网有机会诞生,它为学习和交流提供了巨
' ~- {. o0 u$ J5 j: n大的机会。 " X$ [9 o5 V, g( s/ h
/ R8 L6 L: j% X" o! a& t6 F( Y/ NThe magical thing about this network is not just that it collapses distance an 7 F8 m @9 @8 H5 b5 D
d makes everyone your neighbor. It also dramatically increases the number of b
. ^& e4 i: [& @" r% \) k: _, p& prilliant minds we can have working together on the same problem – and that sc 7 A+ u3 v$ I9 n% `. l+ X) `# O& i
ales up the rate of innovation to a staggering degree.
2 d" C0 M/ E( q+ o: P5 l! [# S
4 m! n* M( ~8 q8 p& ^, U4 n& U网络的神奇之处,不仅仅是它缩短了物理距离,使得天涯若比邻。它还极大地增加了怀有
3 Y/ j- P" p3 h4 G共同想法的人们聚集在一起的机会,我们可以为了解决同一个问题,一起共同工作。这就
1 W# g* Z# K3 O5 j) i6 f3 m" W大大加快了革新的进程,发展速度简直快得让人震惊。
# g$ d" s- ? w
" g# ` l. K) V7 a( y, n' j0 qAt the same time, for every person in the world who has access to this technol ' q+ J# E; K0 H" E2 ^7 o8 s" n V
ogy, five people don't. That means many creative minds are left out of this di
; ?! g$ _1 F# T7 Rscussion -- smart people with practical intelligence and relevant experience w 1 U! Z. j s% o3 U8 r
ho don't have the technology to hone their talents or contribute their ideas t
9 G9 _! f' O0 p9 Oo the world. $ Z7 Q$ K+ `" _, r, u% j7 W, T1 k
Z4 j: o8 H3 H: @6 a& @' U9 ?' z
与此同时,世界上有条件上网的人,只是全部人口的六分之一。这意味着,还有许多具有 ( \! M) Q# M) m" H7 @# r. N
创造性的人们,没有加入到我们的讨论中来。那些有着实际的操作经验和相关经历的聪明
+ `$ m9 s( ]6 e3 ?9 }' Y5 h1 |. [2 s人,却没有技术来帮助他们,将他们的天赋或者想法与全世界分享。 5 d8 b. Z6 k( v* i
! a4 H' u! G7 Z) Q: cWe need as many people as possible to have access to this technology, because 3 E" A9 {3 i" }5 m- l9 T7 R
these advances are triggering a revolution in what human beings can do for one R% V) ~+ D+ @# i* U
another. They are making it possible not just for national governments, but f # K7 o3 w0 U7 A
or universities, corporations, smaller organizations, and even individuals to 8 T0 q) g1 ?1 ^# e% k6 D
see problems, see approaches, and measure the impact of their efforts to addre
% s) E" r' ^! K4 L! A* R7 `% \1 css the hunger, poverty, and desperation George Marshall spoke of 60 years ago.
: h; q; `' l; x) ?0 m' s: x" r, i1 Z7 X1 ^
$ m; i9 D' O# o4 D L我们需要尽可能地让更多的人有机会使用新技术,因为这些新技术正在引发一场革命,人
?* M, O: Y! J: T3 l类将因此可以互相帮助。新技术正在创造一种可能,不仅是政府,还包括大学、公司、小
; n6 t5 C5 c1 _$ e! |机构、甚至个人,能够发现问题所在、能够找到解决办法、能够评估他们努力的效果,去 1 a' `2 n' T0 D+ e+ `
改变那些马歇尔六十年前就说到过的问题——饥饿、贫穷和绝望。
& l8 G# |7 i4 Z7 s3 |' p
2 P" o" M' i. BMembers of the Harvard Family: Here in the Yard is one of the great collection
W, n5 i$ r/ n8 @s of intellectual talent in the world. 0 [$ G* \8 w! V1 D. v; v5 b
8 S" [! P6 N# _. G7 F% T哈佛是一个大家庭。这个院子里在场的人们,是全世界最有智力的人类群体之一。 8 s& ^- l$ W! Q% M; S/ T' ^9 u
4 r7 O4 f+ B% H: \* c* l+ ?What for?
/ }* S% e. ]3 D* D0 Y
A: r1 U# O2 n+ p9 B& ~5 @" ]我们可以做些什么?
* R$ J' _. B9 ?9 l- Y; w
' ], u5 P( f! J+ i8 K% ~There is no question that the faculty, the alumni, the students, and the benef
% W3 m' O6 Y5 N. @' e! Hactors of Harvard have used their power to improve the lives of people here an 8 R2 D5 `, ^2 Y1 R; i( T+ G/ p
d around the world. But can we do more? Can Harvard dedicate its intellect to 4 a ]3 i$ H$ H3 J y: E: M/ A6 `* v* U
improving the lives of people who will never even hear its name? # ?1 u- S5 H+ i
+ M" u9 ?# u3 D2 K9 F毫无疑问,哈佛的老师、校友、学生和资助者,已经用他们的能力改善了全世界各地人们 4 `+ H, d8 c, F. ?
的生活。但是,我们还能够再做什么呢?有没有可能,哈佛的人们可以将他们的智慧,用
5 o) O+ u4 [1 f' W& x# _来帮助那些甚至从来没有听到过“哈佛”这个名字的人?
6 z4 I& [+ B5 T# b. L) j8 P5 ^& A! }- O1 w; d2 Y/ ~ v
Let me make a request of the deans and the professors – the intellectual lead . ]) s2 H: s- C0 _$ y: W3 C& q
ers here at Harvard: As you hire new faculty, award tenure, review curriculum,
9 [. `: c3 l# V& o( N7 r; Mand determine degree requirements, please ask yourselves:
4 C9 K! s' I$ q+ b D9 x1 {- i" W+ z0 U. m- Z/ V+ p
请允许我向各位院长和教授,提出一个请求——你们是哈佛的智力领袖,当你们雇用新的
: l! n1 _' {. U8 ^4 O4 X+ [& _! b老师、授予终身教职、评估课程、决定学位颁发标准的时候,请问你们自己如下的问题:
3 F$ S) m, y8 M) k a6 }& K4 G% f2 H# r b3 H
6 K( w0 H9 K" O
Should our best minds be dedicated to solving our biggest problems?
$ M+ f( j) r7 B4 e
$ T# R) O% R- s. c' J) A4 r2 Z我们最优秀的人才是否在致力于解决我们最大的问题? + O3 M( z5 f* h( |6 s* X1 E
$ v% r" g7 R" U7 t6 \1 eShould Harvard encourage its faculty to take on the world's worst inequities?
+ A' W: |3 [" [/ l1 j6 B8 T6 TShould Harvard students learn about the depth of global poverty … the prevale
: U) q4 v& f$ Z% x* Y ince of world hunger … the scarcity of clean water …the girls kept out of sch
; Z/ b2 s7 k% }2 Aool … the children who die from diseases we can cure? % _/ Z9 a& M1 _
9 _7 \( ]' f7 S O哈佛是否鼓励她的老师去研究解决世界上最严重的不平等?哈佛的学生是否从全球那些极 - ]2 q( z4 Z/ k
端的贫穷中学到了什么……世界性的饥荒……清洁的水资源的缺乏……无法上学的女童…
$ ?4 A |8 V& J) H/ Y/ _…死于非恶性疾病的儿童……哈佛的学生有没有从中学到东西? $ p) S! B# J8 t$ z
" Y# n3 J8 f" {: p4 }! e" P
Should the world's most privileged people learn about the lives of the world's
% n9 u9 T, b) G0 I/ Hleast privileged? ! ~) n) U2 Z( j, n
, w$ T4 |* I* g; v; m
那些世界上过着最优越生活的人们,有没有从那些最困难的人们身上学到东西?
6 x( X* H+ |; [8 G" }: c+ q
3 Z, S! \6 b* [# r2 AThese are not rhetorical questions – you will answer with your policies.
# A4 x* u! I; N% G9 x( Y9 x) n) K; _* x# A9 N; Q. S9 \3 J
这些问题并非语言上的修辞。你必须用自己的行动来回答它们。 # o) k5 C, I2 E1 I# C9 I5 L4 W
3 U" v; u2 B6 x
My mother, who was filled with pride the day I was admitted here – never stop " ^4 ]8 a3 z$ O/ U, C2 o1 g8 |
ped pressing me to do more for others. A few days before my wedding, she hoste
- Y& w1 J# p1 i- E2 N/ ?' \. J5 ud a bridal event, at which she read aloud a letter about marriage that she had
; |* N5 e: ^3 ?3 ]written to Melinda. My mother was very ill with cancer at the time, but she s
/ x$ d- N( j: \, F0 U$ W% aaw one more opportunity to deliver her message, and at the close of the letter " g' }& ?+ Q& B4 h1 G# A5 J
she said: "From those to whom much is given, much is expected."
. X4 w2 p0 x+ L( Z7 {
' _/ c+ V+ Q6 {我的母亲在我被哈佛大学录取的那一天,曾经感到非常骄傲。她从没有停止督促我,去为
* v0 ^; {9 K9 x9 u9 G5 L9 m他人做更多的事情。在我结婚的前几天,她主持了一个新娘进我家的仪式。在这个仪式上
( f/ q# O0 Z8 ?2 o! e& E,她高声朗读了一封关于婚姻的信,这是她写给Melinda的。那时,我的母亲已经因为癌症 1 v# a) Q2 ?' }$ T% F7 t. ~- S
病入膏肓,但是她还是认为这是又一个传播她的信念的机会。在那封信的结尾,她写道: 9 V. }- R; X0 j0 i0 L
“对于那些接受了许多帮助的人们,他们还在期待更多的帮助。你的能力越大,人们对你 ' a: q& \7 Y' b9 Q: x
的期望也就越大。” - {. {8 H% z Z, u$ v: {
+ i/ ~: O* }1 L+ l% K- g6 x* [When you consider what those of us here in this Yard have been given – in tal 8 U L, f7 Y* u4 }
ent, privilege, and opportunity – there is almost no limit to what the world % f9 t% }) V0 ^( c3 W9 {$ {
has a right to expect from us.
) |3 X# y0 O& n' }( _0 T" d4 J/ I; m% q
想一想吧,我们在这个院子里的这些人,被给予过什么——天赋、特权、机遇——那么可 1 I& R7 u0 ?6 L/ `1 j. y
以这样说,全世界的人们几乎有无限的权力,期待我们做出贡献。
) s3 b4 F2 h' i( O" |$ S% u
) O* T+ {# v' O+ l4 ?) {In line with the promise of this age, I want to exhort each of the graduates h
! d* C d. J( ^7 G* d/ k Rere to take on an issue – a complex problem, a deep inequity, and become a sp # j( X! {! D2 m1 W
ecialist on it. If you make it the focus of your career, that would be phenome ( n* e& Y2 Q Z! R. H+ L6 s* F
nal. But you don't have to do that to make an impact. For a few hours every we + _" n/ B/ W, j5 M( l
ek, you can use the growing power of the Internet to get informed, find others
7 R/ a0 [# M9 X: _with the same interests, see the barriers, and find ways to cut through them. 8 |' e) Z2 ]3 D# e6 Q
9 e! T7 n& O% }) v2 X3 ?1 Z$ O8 ]- m7 G
同这个时代的期望一样,我也要向今天各位毕业的同学提出一个忠告:你们要选择一个问
% f8 I' R. ^* u/ Y0 Y2 b* b* K( ^题,一个复杂的问题,一个有关于人类深刻的不平等的问题,然后你们要变成这个问题的 5 ~$ \& p/ a* E5 H/ x
专家。如果你们能够使得这个问题成为你们职业的核心,那么你们就会非常杰出。但是, * f6 Q; l* w% W- Y9 V
你们不必一定要去做那些大事。每个星期只用几个小时,你就可以通过互联网得到信息, $ M( F0 M( I( W B$ m3 D
找到志同道合的朋友,发现困难所在,找到解决它们的途径。
! e( F$ y( v$ S! E7 J1 `3 i# I# M V. b, j3 z
Don't let complexity stop you. Be activists. Take on the big inequities. It wi
l- g1 W; y4 G& m- s4 F6 V+ cll be one of the great experiences of your lives.
^9 ^5 y9 i4 f% y. U, `2 Q& a' z2 m& a4 ?6 F2 Y7 e" ?
不要让这个世界的复杂性阻碍你前进。要成为一个行动主义者。将解决人类的不平等视为 6 g& L/ s7 W( B Q1 x. F
己任。它将成为你生命中最重要的经历之一。
$ c. x! o- `* x3 W/ R: O5 d" {, X/ V$ J& M
You graduates are coming of age in an amazing time. As you leave Harvard, you ( s$ l5 R" v+ U! Q1 t& J) H* E
have technology that members of my class never had. You have awareness of glob
0 S2 ?$ S; o! w3 Z" Hal inequity, which we did not have. And with that awareness, you likely also h $ |( g" }$ {2 D9 w. F j$ D
ave an informed conscience that will torment you if you abandon these people w ! Z u- R$ j6 ?+ B; ]' i; D. v7 b6 g
hose lives you could change with very little effort. You have more than we had & E; p( k/ ]2 w; J* z
; you must start sooner, and carry on longer.
' f8 |2 U+ A. i- g& u0 [' M) s9 o
* l0 s @0 S$ T6 y5 F( i& L在座的各位毕业的同学,你们所处的时代是一个神奇的时代。当你们离开哈佛的时候,你
# E* X) a( x |. Q6 ]3 a# I们拥有的技术,是我们那一届学生所没有的。你们已经了解到了世界上的不平等,我们那 # `8 O/ q2 a* A5 i+ n; T9 H
时还不知道这些。有了这样的了解之后,要是你再弃那些你可以帮助的人们于不顾,就将 - U) c9 h0 \" Z, Y
受到良心的谴责,只需一点小小的努力,你就可以改变那些人们的生活。你们比我们拥有 : Z/ K$ G# ?1 h* [/ y! U' n
更大的能力;你们必须尽早开始,尽可能长时期坚持下去。
) _' m/ ^' \; o4 V! {8 U4 q
+ d& G U; k% [/ g& HKnowing what you know, how could you not? ' s, P& d, ^% j
: z( I1 N1 w; }; b. p
知道了你们所知道的一切,你们怎么可能不采取行动呢? ' R! e& X7 A" J3 ?; P, y+ X& m
9 t" i3 a+ I& B5 J
And I hope you will come back here to Harvard 30 years from now and reflect on ' R7 R1 d" |, [* E8 U W- Y M
what you have done with your talent and your energy. I hope you will judge yo
& y, s$ G$ z* Kurselves not on your professional accomplishments alone, but also on how well ; d; F$ T$ @: O" f( t; ?) Z
you have addressed the world's deepest inequities … on how well you treated p
# G* y5 n1 x" r4 o; }+ G% @eople a world away who have nothing in common with you but their humanity. 0 F) E8 g( c9 |
) B5 V: }! x& J: W# A6 n我希望,30年后你们还会再回到哈佛,想起你们用自己的天赋和能力所做出的一切。我希 $ V+ ? q( o+ }9 H4 J
望,在那个时候,你们用来评价自己的标准,不仅仅是你们的专业成就,而包括你们为改
5 h5 y3 t5 f& y7 \* U变这个世界深刻的不平等所做出的努力,以及你们如何善待那些远隔千山万水、与你们毫 + [5 D* Y: k+ g) @7 U1 N9 Q
不涉及的人们,你们与他们唯一的共同点就是同为人类。 |
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