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2008-11-02 01:02:11 来自: lightpie(上次登录还是1.5年前.....) 9 C' I! ?8 \8 r$ a
比尔·盖茨在哈佛大学毕业典礼上的演讲 8 v+ w$ M$ X- E5 x8 w7 B5 R3 z1 a
/ x _( l, x8 {% O/ l" Z' G9 x2007年6月7日
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5 T) k; w- a3 s8 V+ i阮一峰 译
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President Bok, former President Rudenstine, incoming President Faust, members
$ n/ T# C3 v4 u8 h! Wof the Harvard Corporation and the Board of Overseers, members of the faculty, 2 L# h' {1 h! ]. L$ A& I/ q. ` w
parents, and especially, the graduates: / |& b- k" h1 q: O
9 L* Y9 Z+ C3 j6 d7 G尊敬的Bok校长,Rudenstine前校长,即将上任的Faust校长,哈佛集团的各位成员,监管 1 w( j6 S6 s5 h' m
理事会的各位理事,各位老师,各位家长,各位同学:
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I've been waiting more than 30 years to say this: "Dad, I always told you I'd
4 G" _* X# K& E& v/ e! I* n4 Dcome back and get my degree."
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有一句话我等了三十年,现在终于可以说了:“老爸,我总是跟你说,我会回来拿到我的
* l2 Q' p) |* g9 N: F1 o6 ?: ?3 Y( [学位的!”
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I want to thank Harvard for this timely honor. I'll be changing my job next ye 3 \; G+ W1 C3 L3 ~1 W/ U* `+ g' ~- |
ar … and it will be nice to finally have a college degree on my resume.
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8 X+ j1 ] t3 f5 P我要感谢哈佛大学在这个时候给我这个荣誉。明年,我就要换工作了(注:指从微软公司 6 r" [! N: q0 H5 p
退休)……我终于可以在简历上写我有一个本科学位,这真是不错啊。 ( l6 i3 {* P) L3 t, G! R8 j
5 [: b+ _% T. j% r, ^5 j @I applaud the graduates today for taking a much more direct route to your degr , p1 W( C. l! U8 ?( g
ees. For my part, I'm just happy that the Crimson has called me "Harvard's mos
7 q! O$ t& g, Z. |0 D( I3 {3 tt successful dropout." I guess that makes me valedictorian of my own special c
$ R$ o2 V9 F8 p2 ]1 u- {lass … I did the best of everyone who failed. " S2 y! E0 V( M* M
8 a' M! ~5 D" Y4 h: C7 y$ }. v我为今天在座的各位同学感到高兴,你们拿到学位可比我简单多了。哈佛的校报称我是“
# G" C# C/ Q; S. l哈佛大学历史上最成功的辍学生”。我想这大概使我有资格代表我这一类学生发言……在 - ~+ P: ~. Q) o; _$ }
所有的失败者里,我做得最好。 4 g- A* j1 p) ?% q
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But I also want to be recognized as the guy who got Steve Ballmer to drop out : B$ d6 \0 D" n5 w6 ?3 X# ~" p
of business school. I'm a bad influence. That's why I was invited to speak at 3 Z8 f' _- z( H$ T& v y- a9 C
your graduation. If I had spoken at your orientation, fewer of you might be he
" s; p+ `" A; lre today. 6 H5 \0 D5 Q8 s# ?9 x8 Q
% N$ D6 k5 |" }6 u& m2 W但是,我还要提醒大家,我使得Steve Ballmer(注:微软总经理)也从哈佛商学院退学了
9 r/ T5 e: Y& B, z; g4 m。因此,我是个有着恶劣影响力的人。这就是为什么我被邀请来在你们的毕业典礼上演讲 2 O5 W8 n' P; K+ y2 S, B: j
。如果我在你们入学欢迎仪式上演讲,那么能够坚持到今天在这里毕业的人也许会少得多
( V% i$ x& H2 T, Q$ Z) e吧。 ! P! i8 |5 c# v& X0 W' \2 L9 q
# f8 F9 p% _) z y d& d' j5 ~9 wHarvard was just a phenomenal experience for me. Academic life was fascinating
5 m- K5 w! U& d6 T% Y$ Q. I used to sit in on lots of classes I hadn't even signed up for. And dorm li
" s; L; @8 w% j; \, x6 L7 bfe was terrific. I lived up at Radcliffe, in Currier House. There were always ; {. @& J) y+ T
lots of people in my dorm room late at night discussing things, because everyo & q% e2 Q' b; A
ne knew I didn't worry about getting up in the morning. That's how I came to b
) A& r5 R3 c/ f. f) oe the leader of the anti-social group. We clung to each other as a way of vali - t; M; B9 k* Z4 J
dating our rejection of all those social people.
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对我来说,哈佛的求学经历是一段非凡的经历。校园生活很有趣,我常去旁听我没选修的
2 T% _% B! Y8 }* } h6 r% v课。哈佛的课外生活也很棒,我在Radcliffe过着逍遥自在的日子。每天我的寝室里总有很
5 q" V" w$ r2 j9 `" n7 O, f多人一直待到半夜,讨论着各种事情。因为每个人都知道我从不考虑第二天早起。这使得
: b$ O& V1 W; m! }' t9 Q( U' C我变成了校园里那些不安分学生的头头,我们互相粘在一起,做出一种拒绝所有正常学生
- |0 P& S7 E# G# \* k! B的姿态。 / R. Z0 d: d( s% T* j q
- N: y2 m, J/ G6 {7 C1 n3 V+ B3 p# |Radcliffe was a great place to live. There were more women up there, and most
8 P H3 P# W. |2 N& B7 Uof the guys were science-math types. That combination offered me the best odds
2 F9 U; m F5 G# P& i+ M, if you know what I mean. This is where I learned the sad lesson that improvi # B* Q6 ]( r( g" q& Q: V$ d
ng your odds doesn't guarantee success.
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! L$ o/ e7 v$ j. R& vRadcliffe是个过日子的好地方。那里的女生比男生多,而且大多数男生都是理工科的。这 5 ~1 N3 Y N3 r {+ {8 T6 @! M
种状况为我创造了最好的机会,如果你们明白我的意思。可惜的是,我正是在这里学到了 3 Z/ q$ `/ D$ Y- G5 v
人生中悲伤的一课:机会大,并不等于你就会成功。
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* @# V/ {# |0 l8 r; C2 u6 m" Y: TOne of my biggest memories of Harvard came in January 1975, when I made a call ) |9 S2 B" o' O
from Currier House to a company in Albuquerque that had begun making the worl 2 x; I0 R9 @. T% D0 A2 I
d's first personal computers. I offered to sell them software.
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我在哈佛最难忘的回忆之一,发生在1975年1月。那时,我从宿舍楼里给位于Albuquerque
$ H' p* B) q T' x, s9 x的一家公司打了一个电话,那家公司已经在着手制造世界上第一台个人电脑。我提出想向 ) _- c) Q: P6 b, I7 M2 D
他们出售软件。 : I2 Y) R# a* ^' r; j6 ~3 s
7 Y" d( F! i: P& Y' J" e6 GI worried that they would realize I was just a student in a dorm and hang up o
" X$ b* s! x' ]! o! H8 R% kn me. Instead they said: "We're not quite ready, come see us in a month," whic i; E a8 M v1 v m; J$ I
h was a good thing, because we hadn't written the software yet. From that mome 1 X, [: X4 z' C& f
nt, I worked day and night on this little extra credit project that marked the ; S1 [3 n) E2 k8 r5 _: {
end of my college education and the beginning of a remarkable journey with Mi ; _( Q( `: w! x5 t
crosoft.
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7 ]( U% K$ y! e我很担心,他们会发觉我是一个住在宿舍的学生,从而挂断电话。但是他们却说:“我们
^2 i6 x s) o! t* z0 i4 S还没准备好,一个月后你再来找我们吧。”这是个好消息,因为那时软件还根本没有写出 , Q! G- \! `/ ~6 B
来呢。就是从那个时候起,我日以继夜地在这个小小的课外项目上工作,这导致了我学生 , u. g9 D$ s, d& x
生活的结束,以及通往微软公司的不平凡的旅程的开始。 ; r4 [- {( Y* B: i7 c4 }0 K5 p
# `3 O8 I0 Z; V; O" m% T3 ^3 J. N" \What I remember above all about Harvard was being in the midst of so much ener r. g. o# H7 z/ { q# O5 l0 Y
gy and intelligence. It could be exhilarating, intimidating, sometimes even di
+ T; W1 y* b# V, g% Xscouraging, but always challenging. It was an amazing privilege – and though
% U4 c( W8 }) [$ j AI left early, I was transformed by my years at Harvard, the friendships I made
( q7 ~/ r. l! `" e3 F+ {, and the ideas I worked on. , H8 d8 }3 y/ \3 O! m
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不管怎样,我对哈佛的回忆主要都与充沛的精力和智力活动有关。哈佛的生活令人愉快,
5 A' o" r2 `* \; s% g5 g8 c- N也令人感到有压力,有时甚至会感到泄气,但永远充满了挑战性。生活在哈佛是一种吸引
" K, s) P. s( f6 |8 Q7 o人的特殊待遇……虽然我离开得比较早,但是我在这里的经历、在这里结识的朋友、在这
! {4 r4 t8 N" r+ X9 \: d! t里发展起来的一些想法,永远地改变了我。
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But taking a serious look back … I do have one big regret. * |# N2 ` \( [/ W5 R1 D
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但是,如果现在严肃地回忆起来,我确实有一个真正的遗憾。 5 k" `8 E" k8 k" C; q6 F
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I left Harvard with no real awareness of the awful inequities in the world – , F! D/ E4 L1 S+ D* b$ U8 h1 ?
the appalling disparities of health, and wealth, and opportunity that condemn 8 G7 Y- h( x1 P( g7 q% x2 Y$ w
millions of people to lives of despair.
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7 g5 A" I$ B( W% ?* ~0 V我离开哈佛的时候,根本没有意识到这个世界是多么的不平等。人类在健康、财富和机遇
5 H$ U; w- o: ]* I: R) N; K上的不平等大得可怕,它们使得无数的人们被迫生活在绝望之中。 0 m4 c K" o9 q$ E: \- B2 Z- }! ?
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I learned a lot here at Harvard about new ideas in economics and politics. I g
8 Q( y# M8 x9 P" B: wot great exposure to the advances being made in the sciences. % i, `( Z' a0 q+ E! o+ O1 {
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我在哈佛学到了很多经济学和政治学的新思想。我也了解了很多科学上的新进展。
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, [3 T4 m" e& [ l5 W, e' l9 VBut humanity's greatest advances are not in its discoveries – but in how thos + [0 }; J1 }9 U6 x4 e) h" I0 V; T
e discoveries are applied to reduce inequity. Whether through democracy, stron
# h! W( @) o4 b" D) Yg public education, quality health care, or broad economic opportunity – redu
! g: J5 \ {, w8 j$ k6 |; ]cing inequity is the highest human achievement. & k& X ~1 h/ e$ y
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但是,人类最大的进步并不来自于这些发现,而是来自于那些有助于减少人类不平等的发
( z! o9 z. O, L; U现。不管通过何种手段——民主制度、健全的公共教育体系、高质量的医疗保健、还是广 * s1 s3 T5 W" P1 c3 x
泛的经济机会——减少不平等始终是人类最大的成就。 9 ]5 L# J5 a/ t5 }
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I left campus knowing little about the millions of young people cheated out of I5 w/ @. j3 _2 y
educational opportunities here in this country. And I knew nothing about the
: i: ?' A6 c* B/ d& @- Lmillions of people living in unspeakable poverty and disease in developing cou : Q8 ?& _/ U& g. A% v
ntries.
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; t2 P4 h" D3 Y% g+ ?8 ]我离开校园的时候,根本不知道在这个国家里,有几百万的年轻人无法获得接受教育的机
8 u; h1 ]* g. t5 k2 R& ^$ d会。我也不知道,发展中国家里有无数的人们生活在无法形容的贫穷和疾病之中。
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' ?# h. ?/ q+ G! f! I. D1 l+ vIt took me decades to find out.
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我花了几十年才明白了这些事情。
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You graduates came to Harvard at a different time. You know more about the wor 8 x+ t( l- M: B8 Z
ld's inequities than the classes that came before. In your years here, I hope ( u5 v6 X3 u, U0 I& E6 |' }
you've had a chance to think about how – in this age of accelerating technolo $ s9 J& ~& y2 A! X7 ?# ?4 Q; ^
gy – we can finally take on these inequities, and we can solve them.
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+ ^' Y/ {2 |4 v在座的各位同学,你们是在与我不同的时代来到哈佛的。你们比以前的学生,更多地了解
) R0 d; [2 v) R+ x* J2 ?& Y9 r2 D世界是怎样的不平等。在你们的哈佛求学过程中,我希望你们已经思考过一个问题,那就
7 Q2 I, T8 d, f0 p9 L是在这个新技术加速发展的时代,我们怎样最终应对这种不平等,以及我们怎样来解决这 - c: ^8 i0 m: R3 D
个问题。
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Imagine, just for the sake of discussion, that you had a few hours a week and
0 p# E) D J/ e8 C1 p& \, h/ va few dollars a month to donate to a cause – and you wanted to spend that tim
1 a. C( {4 c6 \2 p! F' }) ge and money where it would have the greatest impact in saving and improving li
: e6 r& n/ O! X% Y: `0 G, O' Qves. Where would you spend it?
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为了讨论的方便,请想象一下,假如你每个星期可以捐献一些时间、每个月可以捐献一些
" R+ }$ O: T: p+ k2 C0 }& @钱——你希望这些时间和金钱,可以用到对拯救生命和改善人类生活有最大作用的地方。
! \# c) M) X& f) Q0 l5 H& k2 g你会选择什么地方?
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3 M7 F1 J3 w5 X' r& {For Melinda and for me, the challenge is the same: how can we do the most good 1 O% F7 U) T" l f5 E) p
for the greatest number with the resources we have. ; R; b2 o( ~$ i7 ]/ |/ E: o
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对Melinda(注:盖茨的妻子)和我来说,这也是我们面临的问题:我们如何能将我们拥有 1 r6 d& F& b1 P$ M# e3 ]
的资源发挥出最大的作用。 " \5 E/ i, `# j% D- E: N" m
) x9 v1 G% i; n! [5 y2 e* mDuring our discussions on this question, Melinda and I read an article about t & Y; r u. y/ T% c' x
he millions of children who were dying every year in poor countries from disea
( V* Z1 t+ h5 p( d+ Rses that we had long ago made harmless in this country. Measles, malaria, pneu . j( w& }$ X* B$ I6 k/ S# A1 O7 C
monia, hepatitis B, yellow fever. One disease I had never even heard of, rotav & F9 L3 K3 h% s9 q- ~: b
irus, was killing half a million kids each year – none of them in the United 4 G7 @+ T( U5 z& Y6 d
States.
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5 [) Z1 e7 C6 p2 D2 Q, e, H在讨论过程中,Melinda和我读到了一篇文章,里面说在那些贫穷的国家,每年有数百万的 , C# ]8 `7 m. }1 [, |
儿童死于那些在美国早已不成问题的疾病。麻疹、疟疾、肺炎、乙型肝炎、黄热病、还有 9 D, N& `" T) O5 e
一种以前我从未听说过的轮状病毒,这些疾病每年导致50万儿童死亡,但是在美国一例死
; U: m0 Z8 H& d% @! A: g, B4 h6 i亡病例也没有。
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: T g/ Y! n0 L7 q% R T s# vWe were shocked. We had just assumed that if millions of children were dying a & w( E7 O, i; R) U" q. x
nd they could be saved, the world would make it a priority to discover and del
0 S9 ^. Y9 P3 S2 Eiver the medicines to save them. But it did not. For under a dollar, there wer 3 ?9 r5 c& J. f9 k
e interventions that could save lives that just weren't being delivered.
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$ ]' b- s1 b: U0 x9 Y. J& ~我们被震惊了。我们想,如果几百万儿童正在死亡线上挣扎,而且他们是可以被挽救的,
( u% y2 D3 h& s7 ~' u. H- m那么世界理应将用药物拯救他们作为头等大事。但是事实并非如此。那些价格还不到一美
8 i! K4 P! i, \# k9 G$ r元的救命的药剂,并没有送到他们的手中。
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; _: i( D% r4 Y. C' w3 VIf you believe that every life has equal value, it's revolting to learn that s
6 W1 P" I+ r4 n! i1 Zome lives are seen as worth saving and others are not. We said to ourselves: " . a# U. G) d V6 q
This can't be true. But if it is true, it deserves to be the priority of our g
4 [& F" e- C9 X& [2 k7 fiving." ( @3 z# g( V1 `8 x# c2 y
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如果你相信每个生命都是平等的,那么当你发现某些生命被挽救了,而另一些生命被放弃
) L* F: K P4 ]8 X1 E' H3 G了,你会感到无法接受。我们对自己说:“事情不可能如此。如果这是真的,那么它理应 , L7 D' t% A- n5 E
是我们努力的头等大事。” ' s" Q' w. _- _( H0 I3 B
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So we began our work in the same way anyone here would begin it. We asked: "Ho & q* }3 c m+ g* x5 x; ]
w could the world let these children die?"
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所以,我们用任何人都会想到的方式开始工作。我们问:“这个世界怎么可以眼睁睁看着
" S& c- R# B. D0 l这些孩子死去?”
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The answer is simple, and harsh. The market did not reward saving the lives of
; M+ o( d; C5 _$ H5 {# |5 ~these children, and governments did not subsidize it. So the children died be - Z3 b% U" `! J/ h. g
cause their mothers and their fathers had no power in the market and no voice
( j# h$ h8 f& J; m# xin the system. $ M8 R2 |0 K F
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答案很简单,也很令人难堪。在市场经济中,拯救儿童是一项没有利润的工作,政府也不 - c* x1 }( `3 x I3 @: e# x
会提供补助。这些儿童之所以会死亡,是因为他们的父母在经济上没有实力,在政治上没 8 S2 D# ?! F" C) J% s" O
有能力发出声音。 . n, y8 o% I3 M+ _
# _- T& g6 k" M; D& Y8 tBut you and I have both. " M7 b" Y! l1 ~0 v3 p. ^
5 j9 P6 y8 h; Q# ^但是,你们和我在经济上有实力,在政治上能够发出声音。
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We can make market forces work better for the poor if we can develop a more cr 2 s |6 A2 P& m) |1 d0 g
eative capitalism – if we can stretch the reach of market forces so that more % U! h6 G6 i2 V& }8 v
people can make a profit, or at least make a living, serving people who are s
/ K' Y; Z( G2 ~1 B% I$ n tuffering from the worst inequities. We also can press governments around the w
& v4 S" W! P+ X" a( n' e" }* B% Q5 {1 porld to spend taxpayer money in ways that better reflect the values of the peo
9 l$ }! I% e; n& @3 |& Z' Zple who pay the taxes. ; P1 z" ?4 ~: N7 R' M; K
/ S, h% b) e, f3 u我们可以让市场更好地为穷人服务,如果我们能够设计出一种更有创新性的资本主义制度 # `) y' |7 P8 J$ q$ O) `* Z* F
——如果我们可以改变市场,让更多的人可以获得利润,或者至少可以维持生活——那么
* _7 v d+ r: Q" ?) b5 C,这就可以帮到那些正在极端不平等的状况中受苦的人们。我们还可以向全世界的政府施
; u$ h- o6 M9 d( I$ s9 G压,要求他们将纳税人的钱,花到更符合纳税人价值观的地方。 3 |5 t& p7 ]( I4 z3 D! t
6 {4 _8 L5 m( h; [If we can find approaches that meet the needs of the poor in ways that generat
6 R1 ~( u4 ^# b" m5 i9 ?& oe profits for business and votes for politicians, we will have found a sustain 0 p f8 b/ @4 R* k9 U& }$ X
able way to reduce inequity in the world. This task is open-ended. It can neve
- o! U% w$ R7 | q; qr be finished. But a conscious effort to answer this challenge will change the
! X- [0 |. y- {2 u3 Pworld.
+ r4 I3 q9 d0 t/ o" v# q% p& ~' o* O# |3 O. S
如果我们能够找到这样一种方法,既可以帮到穷人,又可以为商人带来利润,为政治家带 T# v: l* w7 X* h6 h
来选票,那么我们就找到了一种减少世界性不平等的可持续的发展道路。这个任务是无限 7 M$ b! N! K0 x# i
的。它不可能被完全完成,但是任何自觉地解决这个问题的尝试,都将会改变这个世界。 / j7 u f' K1 u& ]/ O& K w3 F" G$ ~. f
9 N# [$ L8 _6 R2 t
, w) }3 i+ z4 hI am optimistic that we can do this, but I talk to skeptics who claim there is
' d5 }" N. C D3 tno hope. They say: "Inequity has been with us since the beginning, and will b $ ^1 c$ ?6 Z# n+ w2 r( X, F6 |- W
e with us till the end – because people just … don't … care." I completely # p' f ?2 j0 M0 D/ d
disagree. % w0 W+ X2 W. w! @$ i& Q
: k2 f1 R0 E7 W
在这个问题上,我是乐观的。但是,我也遇到过那些感到绝望的怀疑主义者。他们说:“ ; q8 I# j0 g5 O+ j W' K
不平等从人类诞生的第一天就存在,到人类灭亡的最后一天也将存在。——因为人类对这 $ O8 ^/ Y8 ]. l9 X
个问题根本不在乎。”我完全不能同意这种观点。 & X- u' S+ l" O" @1 x2 d, Q
- p# n/ h) S! K6 b0 V: d' VI believe we have more caring than we know what to do with.
& [2 N% ^# T/ ~! x
. z! K5 a; |5 b3 z0 h- Z- m我相信,问题不是我们不在乎,而是我们不知道怎么做。
( A# {6 f# v5 G) d4 b! y0 A8 |6 A! G+ G* q. S8 O& R" _7 Z
All of us here in this Yard, at one time or another, have seen human tragedies
- M' w# q8 d2 O7 A. y1 C* a$ ^that broke our hearts, and yet we did nothing – not because we didn't care, 9 ~5 u! W' s/ ]
but because we didn't know what to do. If we had known how to help, we would h
) l" H0 C$ ?. Have acted.
' w: x: z; n9 \6 i8 \
* [: o/ i5 D: n* P/ f/ Y此刻在这个院子里的所有人,生命中总有这样或那样的时刻,目睹人类的悲剧,感到万分
, ]! k$ i! u8 D伤心。但是我们什么也没做,并非我们无动于衷,而是因为我们不知道做什么和怎么做。
. b, z/ F( N- X+ P O9 A如果我们知道如何做是有效的,那么我们就会采取行动。 + J# y" \2 x6 h5 u7 d2 Y- @$ S
# N- p. K. b( w+ ~" \9 KThe barrier to change is not too little caring; it is too much complexity.
# m) M1 L# g0 m& d2 E$ S
+ u! Q* d3 T# p h7 r4 P3 P改变世界的阻碍,并非人类的冷漠,而是世界实在太复杂。
4 \" _$ c/ S! y1 V( Z: l$ x4 p/ J2 V
& S6 p: _* \4 @ Q F3 xTo turn caring into action, we need to see a problem, see a solution, and see
, g- ]% o9 Z# Q9 C) w$ O, Ithe impact. But complexity blocks all three steps.
: q1 {1 ~- }$ N9 K5 I; {( d n' w+ A
为了将关心转变为行动,我们需要找到问题,发现解决办法的方法,评估后果。但是世界
- ^0 L1 W$ ^0 M: C$ e的复杂性使得所有这些步骤都难于做到。
8 `& i$ [7 K# H2 L/ ^* Q0 K+ o
N5 G( d9 n B( \Even with the advent of the Internet and 24-hour news, it is still a complex e
% I2 e0 T/ Y# `nterprise to get people to truly see the problems. When an airplane crashes, o
+ Y7 S1 y2 X* Q# Z% \' e$ [fficials immediately call a press conference. They promise to investigate, det 3 O6 a; X! O) n. U2 K+ ?
ermine the cause, and prevent similar crashes in the future.
) t j! r- g6 s5 V5 |# O9 i
( K5 e. X0 P9 |. e4 i9 a即使有了互联网和24小时直播的新闻台,让人们真正发现问题所在,仍然十分困难。当一 ) R3 w+ d% a# ~5 K& Y. }" G
架飞机坠毁了,官员们会立刻召开新闻发布会,他们承诺进行调查、找到原因、防止将来 , C! W( v' a, J- c
再次发生类似事故。 . z; l7 Q; w1 a( A9 p9 E! C0 u
- i- ^- r" |! c( gBut if the officials were brutally honest, they would say: "Of all the people 4 W) p5 K) e* Z+ e9 d
in the world who died today from preventable causes, one half of one percent o
+ j4 Z6 K. D4 ]. Z: ^6 u/ [; ]" ?f them were on this plane. We're determined to do everything possible to solve
+ `5 n3 Z, N8 N! pthe problem that took the lives of the one half of one percent."
+ p2 @* \7 B7 `& n9 U8 O4 e# }$ K1 z' F1 N1 ]
但是如果那些官员敢说真话,他们就会说:“在今天这一天,全世界所有可以避免的死亡 " ]! ?( ~7 ~7 [$ j; p9 q7 k
之中,只有0.5%的死者来自于这次空难。我们决心尽一切努力,调查这个0.5%的死亡原因 " m+ r$ V# S0 P. [' p
。” ! s) S1 A% r3 P0 o+ n! C
; x: m& E0 F9 |" V% MThe bigger problem is not the plane crash, but the millions of preventable dea
+ S4 ^9 g/ {* I7 `' }9 _) dths.
( }# Z# g, J9 e. k" H5 ?. i4 o4 W7 |: W3 d: G. _
显然,更重要的问题不是这次空难,而是其他几百万可以预防的死亡事件。
* c3 R; g, L* ?7 U3 P1 ~9 {6 v& A7 y% F: K# K8 K
We don't read much about these deaths. The media covers what's new – and mill
' _( p. `8 r$ q" \4 e4 R0 x. Qions of people dying is nothing new. So it stays in the background, where it's
) M& T$ a4 t& G0 e1 ^easier to ignore. But even when we do see it or read about it, it's difficult
) ~% F5 I& q: v3 i% Dto keep our eyes on the problem. It's hard to look at suffering if the situat
Q6 H% ~; ^; H8 @* i nion is so complex that we don't know how to help. And so we look away.
" x+ [3 O% B2 R6 |2 ?, F( ^* o+ Q* ~1 {4 y+ A, V& Z
我们并没有很多机会了解那些死亡事件。媒体总是报告新闻,几百万人将要死去并非新闻 * ~. B. }+ R7 j: w
。如果没有人报道,那么这些事件就很容易被忽视。另一方面,即使我们确实目睹了事件
- P7 Z. M1 W f* r: V& N( ~本身或者看到了相关报道,我们也很难持续关注这些事件。看着他人受苦是令人痛苦的, 6 e2 R3 N' m2 F* Y) E! N: z
何况问题又如此复杂,我们根本不知道如何去帮助他人。所以我们会将脸转过去。 + G4 E+ F3 f0 s: P2 h" f) o. f' u
- [$ [# V% \' N3 R9 B& V# PIf we can really see a problem, which is the first step, we come to the second
* _, I. p+ a0 q4 o& }. W' T2 cstep: cutting through the complexity to find a solution. ! M8 V& Q; K- e$ I: y# s3 w/ {4 i) ~3 W
; i; z# H0 D* c& N O3 E% g% y就算我们真正发现了问题所在,也不过是迈出了第一步,接着还有第二步:那就是从复杂
) h6 p4 M+ H# q; V3 ~5 M) m8 y的事件中找到解决办法。 ( p: K7 I3 z }' ], a
) {2 K: ]% U' a7 P; vFinding solutions is essential if we want to make the most of our caring. If w
1 \6 d6 O! c0 }1 V- c' m+ re have clear and proven answers anytime an organization or individual asks "Ho
& ^; k/ k& _9 j: Y; ?5 i! H9 _w can I help?," then we can get action – and we can make sure that none of th ( P4 M) b/ r! A! E2 f
e caring in the world is wasted. But complexity makes it hard to mark a path o
# [( V* L6 m0 L9 r5 l9 W5 Hf action for everyone who cares — and that makes it hard for their caring to
8 G" K0 [6 R0 Y& A: ematter. 0 O! l9 P" g; c+ L, @
! k% X" e/ ]5 i1 e; w, y8 I如果我们要让关心落到实处,我们就必须找到解决办法。如果我们有一个清晰的和可靠的
# ^- \$ D" F+ p& ?! t! u& ?) m) m答案,那么当任何组织和个人发出疑问“如何我能提供帮助”的时候,我们就能采取行动 . b2 d* V, E2 o+ h! H; t/ M7 o: m
。我们就能够保证不浪费一丁点全世界人类对他人的关心。但是,世界的复杂性使得很难
6 X. q, K4 l* t9 h4 t5 E( v找到对全世界每一个有爱心的人都有效的行动方法,因此人类对他人的关心往往很难产生 7 O8 s( u% b4 E" U2 {- N5 l0 g
实际效果。
' q% L( G& g7 N) h g
) d, [0 i$ t) X+ Z* eCutting through complexity to find a solution runs through four predictable st * d8 i& h1 x2 X* ?2 L% C9 j
ages: determine a goal, find the highest-leverage approach, discover the ideal 7 b \; x9 D c
technology for that approach, and in the meantime, make the smartest applicat
: E$ \. [0 a3 I2 K0 t3 d; yion of the technology that you already have — whether it's something sophisti
" a7 a+ R% m' b+ \4 o+ H1 G/ Ncated, like a drug, or something simpler, like a bednet. 4 B- I. G3 x, P6 | _, L- \( c
! c t& Y' O' F, }从这个复杂的世界中找到解决办法,可以分为四个步骤:确定目标,找到最高效的方法,
; L3 T; c( B1 Y; D! O发现适用于这个方法的新技术,同时最聪明地利用现有的技术,不管它是复杂的药物,还 & j; |* ^" ]1 Z2 O
是最简单的蚊帐。 7 a# l1 C$ Y# A6 I
8 t( O. p( H+ J- D/ EThe AIDS epidemic offers an example. The broad goal, of course, is to end the j2 ] T* h# | c7 S
disease. The highest-leverage approach is prevention. The ideal technology wou
( v' i# L% o# z4 h: Ald be a vaccine that gives lifetime immunity with a single dose. So government 8 F0 j! o+ M; A
s, drug companies, and foundations fund vaccine research. But their work is li 4 r: _' e* S5 _
kely to take more than a decade, so in the meantime, we have to work with what & x0 y. C8 K- z$ y0 w I
we have in hand – and the best prevention approach we have now is getting pe
0 O I+ Q2 f8 C2 ~/ I, }ople to avoid risky behavior. 1 t% ]8 Z1 U) c
( c( O- r/ H# g# A
艾滋病就是一个例子。总的目标,毫无疑问是消灭这种疾病。最高效的方法是预防。最理 ( ~4 D; [/ V9 D; p) H
想的技术是发明一种疫苗,只要注射一次,就可以终生免疫。所以,政府、制药公司、基 ' {5 t, A1 N* q8 J# G# X
金会应该资助疫苗研究。但是,这样研究工作很可能十年之内都无法完成。因此,与此同 & z; H4 C) J0 X8 a; j/ y! Y ^
时,我们必须使用现有的技术,目前最有效的预防方法就是设法让人们避免那些危险的行 # \+ J5 f9 T1 H( |- ]
为。 ' r* t% J* ?5 D$ o& C9 J3 X; l3 Z
* b6 k4 o& T8 F, e
Pursuing that goal starts the four-step cycle again. This is the pattern. The # R5 o! L0 t) j
crucial thing is to never stop thinking and working – and never do what we di
4 o/ I! g9 @) ~+ f/ ]: Fd with malaria and tuberculosis in the 20th century – which is to surrender t
7 F; x! [8 Z/ o! s; ]3 t: N9 Lo complexity and quit. 2 Z& h! Z) k, O' }- H
$ C& c; A% a$ ^, K0 c: j5 ^. G) U
要实现这个新的目标,又可以采用新的四步循环。这是一种模式。关键的东西是永远不要
6 g) ]: z. ~. z' }3 u% d停止思考和行动。我们千万不能再犯上个世纪在疟疾和肺结核上犯过的错误,那时我们因
8 X" m t& \9 v1 V' @2 V% B为它们太复杂,而放弃了采取行动。
. J, }, Z u# m, e/ \0 ?0 B7 X/ l! f- N
The final step – after seeing the problem and finding an approach – is to me 3 I! n. ^0 x' ^+ N
asure the impact of your work and share your successes and failures so that ot
" Y; t9 I6 S! Z! u6 z |hers learn from your efforts. 6 Y+ I+ _% {+ K
( }; w8 ?. V( f: q) T9 q' |在发现问题和找到解决方法之后,就是最后一步——评估工作结果,将你的成功经验或者 4 }, H/ Y0 k, C' V9 X
失败经验传播出去,这样其他人就可以从你的努力中有所收获。 / A5 B% V }8 _ |/ Q
n' y' R: a5 t: j
You have to have the statistics, of course. You have to be able to show that a # A5 z, c4 W, f; e
program is vaccinating millions more children. You have to be able to show a
2 C# \ ^9 B/ [. [0 adecline in the number of children dying from these diseases. This is essential
" G# E/ A& J2 }5 v3 Cnot just to improve the program, but also to help draw more investment from b
$ p, s5 S! ]5 Lusiness and government.
2 j6 {' w$ j1 I) j. \% q1 }, Q' B+ S: I8 @2 Y! h$ ~- i
当然,你必须有一些统计数字。你必须让他人知道,你的项目为几百万儿童新接种了疫苗 + y7 M; ]' Z o1 X5 @% N' d* f
。你也必须让他人知道,儿童死亡人数下降了多少。这些都是很关键的,不仅有利于改善 4 n) H F t+ |7 j# U
项目效果,也有利于从商界和政府得到更多的帮助。 2 Q+ F& E4 S6 N3 ]- [8 M; X$ x
4 B7 f9 p, t: n8 f- L# S
But if you want to inspire people to participate, you have to show more than n
# ?( t0 S$ Y9 l* Q/ zumbers; you have to convey the human impact of the work – so people can feel ( d. w2 _& u! ^ S8 p( K9 r2 A
what saving a life means to the families affected. * L. R3 Y* T! `: s/ E3 D, ?
1 l8 N9 W7 Z9 C% k2 E
但是,这些还不够,如果你想激励其他人参加你的项目,你就必须拿出更多的统计数字; . {& s& C ]. p* H4 q/ @& ]" _, {
你必须展示你的项目的人性因素,这样其他人就会感到拯救一个生命,对那些处在困境中
6 D' C& ~# s E+ C* l的家庭到底意味着什么。 ) _1 ], C: k- n
v }9 c9 i3 y% B8 ]' `. SI remember going to Davos some years back and sitting on a global health panel : w s8 t, R$ W& y* Y
that was discussing ways to save millions of lives. Millions! Think of the th " a' ]5 |2 [; j2 u% Q9 N. N* G
rill of saving just one person's life – then multiply that by millions. … Ye
/ z4 W+ G3 d, [2 x i7 it this was the most boring panel I've ever been on – ever. So boring even I c 7 d2 \" F( s' ^4 M& E9 N% M
ouldn't bear it.
3 A; M5 j7 S( d- z/ x$ r; `8 f) Y
. J2 I6 s" o$ Z5 ~6 N几年前,我去瑞士达沃斯旁听一个全球健康问题论坛,会议的内容有关于如何拯救几百万 5 w: {0 }' j) [
条生命。天哪,是几百万!想一想吧,拯救一个人的生命已经让人何等激动,现在你要把
1 x3 w D3 t! x1 y- f0 _这种激动再乘上几百万倍……但是,不幸的是,这是我参加过的最最乏味的论坛,乏味到
9 @ @: A3 T+ K7 i% B; m7 e我无法强迫自己听下去。
" {" }( V/ H1 U: i6 F: B. I: y4 r
What made that experience especially striking was that I had just come from an 1 o9 N3 _# T% {; }$ T0 y2 J8 Z; x
event where we were introducing version 13 of some piece of software, and we
; v, A" c; B3 I9 l0 o# lhad people jumping and shouting with excitement. I love getting people excited 3 H" n! b6 e; D, Z) |4 R
about software – but why can't we generate even more excitement for saving l $ d$ M2 v1 V; Y: w8 I! y- X$ a. i
ives? % X* J3 b5 c) `/ _
5 N; X! E. R3 i4 I( ^0 h% i8 N
那次经历之所以让我难忘,是因为之前我们刚刚发布了一个软件的第13个版本,我们让观 ) q3 u' R: K0 u
众激动得跳了起来,喊出了声。我喜欢人们因为软件而感到激动,那么我们为什么不能够 . M( I: u. k1 o& h- j' G, g
让人们因为能够拯救生命而感到更加激动呢? 9 |9 e4 J) T, ` B. z/ g0 h
3 L) z, G5 R- L& D! jYou can't get people excited unless you can help them see and feel the impact.
2 l, o1 ~$ L2 T2 `$ CAnd how you do that – is a complex question. - J) l: s" h% b4 m" n
/ R! U5 p% `% V( z- ]. F除非你能够让人们看到或者感受到行动的影响力,否则你无法让人们激动。如何做到这一 V1 G7 E7 \! H( e/ c1 k5 d2 H/ y
点,并不是一件简单的事。 . D/ E; M; x) b; l' w( f0 _( _
( Q. A/ a" p6 G% k8 z
Still, I'm optimistic. Yes, inequity has been with us forever, but the new too
( O* G' A, y X1 {6 A: n" yls we have to cut through complexity have not been with us forever. They are n
6 f8 q" ~# w3 ?, z: b' F" Few – they can help us make the most of our caring – and that's why the futur 8 t! R3 Z! k' z+ m
e can be different from the past. 7 `$ q: l$ B: f- G" k" Q
2 o1 \+ u; x# A* ]: x: I同前面一样,在这个问题上,我依然是乐观的。不错,人类的不平等有史以来一直存在,
' m a. P4 c: D7 N但是那些能够化繁为简的新工具,却是最近才出现的。这些新工具可以帮助我们,将人类
6 t& g0 y: _; G的同情心发挥最大的作用,这就是为什么将来同过去是不一样的。
; v7 M% L" o" V9 ]4 @( v: D% Y! r4 G! C2 [6 ]6 G" ~# S
The defining and ongoing innovations of this age – biotechnology, the compute ! F) K0 O' f! T: A: @0 X( u
r, the Internet – give us a chance we've never had before to end extreme pove 6 Q0 B/ K. I6 N$ N+ B, Y; x0 @
rty and end death from preventable disease. " S+ o: ]4 ~' D( |) h) w
7 P& J m6 o4 X0 W5 }: m3 b3 `! i这个时代无时无刻不在涌现出新的革新——生物技术,计算机,互联网——它们给了我们
! H, ~( D: ] F一个从未有过的机会,去终结那些极端的贫穷和非恶性疾病的死亡。
! ~% g. \5 s+ r! J8 j5 l" o! Z/ s8 o$ m5 W
Sixty years ago, George Marshall came to this commencement and announced a pla
- ^2 G A* O: w1 M/ F2 Dn to assist the nations of post-war Europe. He said: "I think one difficulty i 8 D% o- d0 ~- P9 R4 |# Q' `
s that the problem is one of such enormous complexity that the very mass of fa
& s& Y! Q; V$ L$ p, qcts presented to the public by press and radio make it exceedingly difficult f
. e0 m" p' `4 g! H( ^or the man in the street to reach a clear appraisement of the situation. It is " m3 A9 i" Y, ~7 A" o* i ~& E
virtually impossible at this distance to grasp at all the real significance o 3 H1 { o i" w8 W+ r- x
f the situation." 3 z- v3 P |( [0 k; D
/ l/ \+ Q2 ^8 u8 D+ ?& _3 S2 ?9 ^! t; g
六十年前,乔治·马歇尔也是在这个地方的毕业典礼上,宣布了一个计划,帮助那些欧洲
* d- P: I' q' a% i国家的战后建设。他说:“我认为,困难的一点是这个问题太复杂,报纸和电台向公众源 # S+ K5 e9 i# D- H
源不断地提供各种事实,使得大街上的普通人极端难于清晰地判断形势。事实上,经过层
7 F) o+ d) I5 L1 _层传播,想要真正地把握形势,是根本不可能的。” / m- p k5 G2 l1 e
8 l- @- D: K4 C- _7 b
Thirty years after Marshall made his address, as my class graduated without me $ ~. ?; L# v5 h- t
, technology was emerging that would make the world smaller, more open, more v * j( r2 X: X: x
isible, less distant.
# z+ }6 }! ?5 D& S& Y+ p" r1 E$ x) o% [# h p2 l& z
马歇尔发表这个演讲之后的三十年,我那一届学生毕业,当然我不在其中。那时,新技术
1 Z3 {0 x5 T0 O+ p( }刚刚开始萌芽,它们将使得这个世界变得更小、更开放、更容易看到、距离更近。 # ^5 l+ l& y _3 R8 D: W
7 f3 l5 J) F! p/ `* mThe emergence of low-cost personal computers gave rise to a powerful network t . O5 x( U' y. m e
hat has transformed opportunities for learning and communicating.
; V& u0 Z- c0 l3 d3 D# z/ K( X3 J3 u) A* ~
低成本的个人电脑的出现,使得一个强大的互联网有机会诞生,它为学习和交流提供了巨
% J% U( A$ w/ e* z大的机会。
1 h: R9 U) m- s- a
- m2 u$ C/ o. ^: o9 ]The magical thing about this network is not just that it collapses distance an
; _4 X" C$ q9 }) n* O h, Ed makes everyone your neighbor. It also dramatically increases the number of b 9 k2 R I, F: d" A
rilliant minds we can have working together on the same problem – and that sc
1 ~, ~2 _, K) E' Hales up the rate of innovation to a staggering degree. & H- h+ e. U P' ` g9 f" }
B- O N c+ m" v9 |4 D# @* [网络的神奇之处,不仅仅是它缩短了物理距离,使得天涯若比邻。它还极大地增加了怀有
2 ]/ ?& m6 a- w' B共同想法的人们聚集在一起的机会,我们可以为了解决同一个问题,一起共同工作。这就 7 r- P- t( ^+ g8 S
大大加快了革新的进程,发展速度简直快得让人震惊。
7 u" b6 [& {/ O& o' a x8 P: b* z2 b9 `
At the same time, for every person in the world who has access to this technol ' |- [; t7 w$ R3 w
ogy, five people don't. That means many creative minds are left out of this di u* ?# c0 s6 }% J+ y
scussion -- smart people with practical intelligence and relevant experience w
+ \9 c' H/ ^- B* E; D, h; jho don't have the technology to hone their talents or contribute their ideas t ; W- I c, ^! f& K# C
o the world. $ {/ P& L' J; Y: G( L
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与此同时,世界上有条件上网的人,只是全部人口的六分之一。这意味着,还有许多具有
. `: R$ Q* Y. T* a$ D创造性的人们,没有加入到我们的讨论中来。那些有着实际的操作经验和相关经历的聪明 * O7 z% ]" ^0 M/ w. ]6 ~) `
人,却没有技术来帮助他们,将他们的天赋或者想法与全世界分享。 7 ^& S. h4 S) N, c% X) a
0 I: Y3 D ^% A+ b( Y. h
We need as many people as possible to have access to this technology, because
( F( b$ {6 L) { O+ y+ zthese advances are triggering a revolution in what human beings can do for one & `1 M; v4 F" X% U. g: C8 |. C0 |
another. They are making it possible not just for national governments, but f
5 U! Y/ t9 i5 B9 v h. hor universities, corporations, smaller organizations, and even individuals to 6 M" o# v) n: e) w
see problems, see approaches, and measure the impact of their efforts to addre 6 m& z. K4 Z7 q" V9 F; N- K2 A( F
ss the hunger, poverty, and desperation George Marshall spoke of 60 years ago. # A! k( L' ]2 T& K; f
2 C J: H. _3 j2 b. e# _
2 l" H; j+ k0 _ I我们需要尽可能地让更多的人有机会使用新技术,因为这些新技术正在引发一场革命,人 - [" W8 K( ~1 x- p' m2 [
类将因此可以互相帮助。新技术正在创造一种可能,不仅是政府,还包括大学、公司、小
+ Q4 B9 U' w& z2 N* W' E3 g机构、甚至个人,能够发现问题所在、能够找到解决办法、能够评估他们努力的效果,去
) b5 \/ B6 g9 C, Y" f改变那些马歇尔六十年前就说到过的问题——饥饿、贫穷和绝望。
+ X! Q9 z; N9 X/ I; P6 a. R8 S1 p9 D# `- H. G1 n. g* R0 v, h! _/ p
Members of the Harvard Family: Here in the Yard is one of the great collection
+ E8 [" C+ O$ R7 v. _$ x1 ts of intellectual talent in the world. * k& t `7 p1 \4 v& K
2 X7 w2 d0 ~0 Y/ N: P7 q% ?
哈佛是一个大家庭。这个院子里在场的人们,是全世界最有智力的人类群体之一。
6 o7 r( \; h/ N# x
& [) @) o w. pWhat for? ; [+ i) d5 l& x/ ?
H6 T3 p- R5 r3 `6 q: ?% J我们可以做些什么?
) q, y# h( P- o( J
2 J' F+ n2 v& F; Z/ x! cThere is no question that the faculty, the alumni, the students, and the benef 8 q$ T( ^3 k& `( R
actors of Harvard have used their power to improve the lives of people here an 4 u' f( b) D+ Z: n8 Q$ _0 \3 T. y4 O- y
d around the world. But can we do more? Can Harvard dedicate its intellect to
2 i& H$ h/ ` p" o- G3 Cimproving the lives of people who will never even hear its name?
* X' _ H8 c0 n4 V) U {1 j
/ g( U$ T+ y G! j毫无疑问,哈佛的老师、校友、学生和资助者,已经用他们的能力改善了全世界各地人们
K! y7 _; S9 q \- t) L% H的生活。但是,我们还能够再做什么呢?有没有可能,哈佛的人们可以将他们的智慧,用
% W. U$ g) I# v) S) `/ x来帮助那些甚至从来没有听到过“哈佛”这个名字的人?
1 r$ x+ a' t4 d( H
7 L3 J# u, }6 ]. g8 z: ^Let me make a request of the deans and the professors – the intellectual lead
8 y. @$ M! S* zers here at Harvard: As you hire new faculty, award tenure, review curriculum,
+ _, `! _# [* \: Q$ h% G2 Xand determine degree requirements, please ask yourselves:
0 B- _1 ^1 y" }
! B" }& V+ P5 {+ D+ q$ `请允许我向各位院长和教授,提出一个请求——你们是哈佛的智力领袖,当你们雇用新的
R. S$ j( s: h7 i Y, Q, R, u老师、授予终身教职、评估课程、决定学位颁发标准的时候,请问你们自己如下的问题:
. T1 o( ]1 |' g* k+ i! P" o, p% Y- z x- F
. \1 F# U) Z( Z* i. c7 |$ gShould our best minds be dedicated to solving our biggest problems? & T9 w6 s. x' T0 t5 m0 W3 j
4 \" R+ |: V! p6 b我们最优秀的人才是否在致力于解决我们最大的问题? 2 E- C4 V+ I( H$ u& A9 s
v3 u6 ~9 `- @' ?% YShould Harvard encourage its faculty to take on the world's worst inequities? " p, d B! d! n2 I9 B2 B
Should Harvard students learn about the depth of global poverty … the prevale
' M, z0 Z; O1 k, Snce of world hunger … the scarcity of clean water …the girls kept out of sch ) D# }' L& L# r( W0 I' J0 r5 v
ool … the children who die from diseases we can cure?
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7 S. ~ f# ^5 g; A+ V7 p哈佛是否鼓励她的老师去研究解决世界上最严重的不平等?哈佛的学生是否从全球那些极 & Q5 U {* Q% B+ U
端的贫穷中学到了什么……世界性的饥荒……清洁的水资源的缺乏……无法上学的女童… : O6 ]( e2 D8 s. |4 T6 v& [7 U
…死于非恶性疾病的儿童……哈佛的学生有没有从中学到东西?
9 j# `' Q! Z5 t! d( v) Q) U% b2 V$ d8 I/ {, O
Should the world's most privileged people learn about the lives of the world's 3 T# W6 B) @- F' {4 p
least privileged?
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* u1 J0 `, b5 m( n那些世界上过着最优越生活的人们,有没有从那些最困难的人们身上学到东西? ( l! J) A: z8 W7 \
9 l( Q% o$ T0 E" c6 ?; SThese are not rhetorical questions – you will answer with your policies.
0 T$ w) \5 F+ F6 |$ O! l0 i( _
- X! H# H! i* y" m这些问题并非语言上的修辞。你必须用自己的行动来回答它们。
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, ^- G& ?: \* s" YMy mother, who was filled with pride the day I was admitted here – never stop
( F) k! b/ _6 Zped pressing me to do more for others. A few days before my wedding, she hoste
7 G# p3 I, `: ]: m* J3 ~6 `2 Fd a bridal event, at which she read aloud a letter about marriage that she had
6 t% m% M. B' p4 j/ ?* ~% }written to Melinda. My mother was very ill with cancer at the time, but she s
: s" r J* g1 D$ W1 _/ gaw one more opportunity to deliver her message, and at the close of the letter
+ o' o7 p3 J! Q3 \5 I' }she said: "From those to whom much is given, much is expected."
1 [2 J2 |. f4 N
: u% a( T0 H! n6 b我的母亲在我被哈佛大学录取的那一天,曾经感到非常骄傲。她从没有停止督促我,去为
3 v! c4 ]7 A9 Z I他人做更多的事情。在我结婚的前几天,她主持了一个新娘进我家的仪式。在这个仪式上
. M0 T" y3 O$ Q* s: K& k,她高声朗读了一封关于婚姻的信,这是她写给Melinda的。那时,我的母亲已经因为癌症 0 J3 l" B# f9 ~9 S, m4 J
病入膏肓,但是她还是认为这是又一个传播她的信念的机会。在那封信的结尾,她写道: : ^3 v! c2 |' w6 O3 r+ o2 V( |
“对于那些接受了许多帮助的人们,他们还在期待更多的帮助。你的能力越大,人们对你 + Y9 t. s1 M* B* C9 I# u* D
的期望也就越大。” 7 r% i$ x% j# f* ]/ w: W
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When you consider what those of us here in this Yard have been given – in tal
: l9 H3 w# g4 u$ j# }2 l0 Dent, privilege, and opportunity – there is almost no limit to what the world
. `- Y8 P/ {, Z/ }; u' m* }has a right to expect from us. / j' g2 B2 |- K3 ?" C
q& U X$ c5 U
想一想吧,我们在这个院子里的这些人,被给予过什么——天赋、特权、机遇——那么可 5 D! x2 w. e9 q5 c
以这样说,全世界的人们几乎有无限的权力,期待我们做出贡献。 * }3 G3 _4 |, Q; ?' L% S
+ A) y: @. u. v& p6 gIn line with the promise of this age, I want to exhort each of the graduates h
& t8 v) h, t0 J/ S* ]+ Cere to take on an issue – a complex problem, a deep inequity, and become a sp . }, Y1 K7 k) C3 Z7 k# b# `2 a/ J
ecialist on it. If you make it the focus of your career, that would be phenome
0 z) j- z- u0 x& V" x; ^& Xnal. But you don't have to do that to make an impact. For a few hours every we
( e& K0 h& P4 A- U7 ^ek, you can use the growing power of the Internet to get informed, find others
8 l6 ^4 @! p3 k- c# E$ j5 o" y* Cwith the same interests, see the barriers, and find ways to cut through them.
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8 ?% N$ @; ?- ?3 H" a- c/ ~: n同这个时代的期望一样,我也要向今天各位毕业的同学提出一个忠告:你们要选择一个问 8 \* k& G. i9 u3 j5 o" M& S
题,一个复杂的问题,一个有关于人类深刻的不平等的问题,然后你们要变成这个问题的 9 y0 C2 f7 ?4 i# ?' n$ \* k0 X, ?
专家。如果你们能够使得这个问题成为你们职业的核心,那么你们就会非常杰出。但是, ; d6 h% A$ ^. I% |) U; J
你们不必一定要去做那些大事。每个星期只用几个小时,你就可以通过互联网得到信息,
* g" H* V5 \, @4 \) D( ^7 S找到志同道合的朋友,发现困难所在,找到解决它们的途径。
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Don't let complexity stop you. Be activists. Take on the big inequities. It wi
1 w! V, y& |' m0 ?ll be one of the great experiences of your lives. 5 t7 R$ Y/ o- Z; L
3 R( y3 j) [3 b( E不要让这个世界的复杂性阻碍你前进。要成为一个行动主义者。将解决人类的不平等视为
, i; P/ S7 }+ ?$ J" O& V己任。它将成为你生命中最重要的经历之一。 * e# t% N7 j! H6 n4 N' z9 s4 a
6 x8 O# F0 d, h; W$ d
You graduates are coming of age in an amazing time. As you leave Harvard, you
. i* [! X Z) s8 {6 C* t6 H# Q' thave technology that members of my class never had. You have awareness of glob 1 N) X5 [, L# {9 ], X3 ?
al inequity, which we did not have. And with that awareness, you likely also h ' J* ?+ j4 ?6 G
ave an informed conscience that will torment you if you abandon these people w 8 ~. Y4 `8 K, Y S& D* v) n/ C
hose lives you could change with very little effort. You have more than we had ( W9 W8 i( _7 R0 ]
; you must start sooner, and carry on longer.
* C# g* i( |- N$ g+ ^5 R, }0 V8 \1 Z! ]) j1 ^# h" O
在座的各位毕业的同学,你们所处的时代是一个神奇的时代。当你们离开哈佛的时候,你 0 S p) w4 }" a+ r
们拥有的技术,是我们那一届学生所没有的。你们已经了解到了世界上的不平等,我们那 9 o9 ]3 o+ N( k7 v- \
时还不知道这些。有了这样的了解之后,要是你再弃那些你可以帮助的人们于不顾,就将
- g. J" c/ [' r7 l受到良心的谴责,只需一点小小的努力,你就可以改变那些人们的生活。你们比我们拥有
! V: T% C# n* W更大的能力;你们必须尽早开始,尽可能长时期坚持下去。
: X9 L( h" N1 `0 Q% @# {! d r1 ^- Z
) J; l: c3 @6 i/ E+ R0 w* {Knowing what you know, how could you not?
& W) [8 w+ A) N
v5 {( ?4 [# S/ s知道了你们所知道的一切,你们怎么可能不采取行动呢?
3 n* j6 Q; R& y, q( O* G: ]
6 v$ `" r9 `+ l1 w) ^* v' _And I hope you will come back here to Harvard 30 years from now and reflect on
$ G$ n" S2 g. A' X; o6 [what you have done with your talent and your energy. I hope you will judge yo . r! _; \" [' v; ~8 C& L
urselves not on your professional accomplishments alone, but also on how well ) n4 u: w! o7 V4 L& |6 d4 ~% k
you have addressed the world's deepest inequities … on how well you treated p
7 c5 R) D: e: f. M8 T* v) A$ Eeople a world away who have nothing in common with you but their humanity.
& d8 `, _+ p# x+ z( Z2 l
& \0 |7 p* ]2 E我希望,30年后你们还会再回到哈佛,想起你们用自己的天赋和能力所做出的一切。我希 3 L2 F' I, p0 A
望,在那个时候,你们用来评价自己的标准,不仅仅是你们的专业成就,而包括你们为改 " ]$ a3 a$ S# }: k4 `) _
变这个世界深刻的不平等所做出的努力,以及你们如何善待那些远隔千山万水、与你们毫
# t% n# |3 L( J- `* T1 P6 S! ?4 l不涉及的人们,你们与他们唯一的共同点就是同为人类。 |
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