|
2008-11-02 01:02:11 来自: lightpie(上次登录还是1.5年前.....) 4 [( J5 U/ D# w* ^4 d
比尔·盖茨在哈佛大学毕业典礼上的演讲 D! ?! b6 P& u7 W' ^; W' L& \
|* q5 s# Z$ t$ z; f4 H* p5 F1 ?
2007年6月7日 4 ~0 U' x- `4 B: @& D% W6 v
7 g1 Q5 S0 K9 _) s: w- R1 u9 k3 ]阮一峰 译
& [9 ^; d' m9 Z0 I1 r7 c
, j1 D) t8 L" p; I
- p/ Y j# j! i
. i0 Y0 X) F& c* l0 c* L7 WPresident Bok, former President Rudenstine, incoming President Faust, members ; x. t9 P3 N* B8 E6 H4 R% b
of the Harvard Corporation and the Board of Overseers, members of the faculty, 7 W; d* b3 z, h
parents, and especially, the graduates: z- ?7 e; y( Y2 I/ a z
6 S, d; C" E& E- R( `尊敬的Bok校长,Rudenstine前校长,即将上任的Faust校长,哈佛集团的各位成员,监管
2 u3 ]. w5 V2 q2 b9 E" O理事会的各位理事,各位老师,各位家长,各位同学:
' ~% }. w& L x" a, c$ |8 \" q0 f+ m t S0 f# ?
I've been waiting more than 30 years to say this: "Dad, I always told you I'd - I. ]1 L2 u B( O" [0 a( B* S( e
come back and get my degree."
7 x; n1 H; S p( [8 S4 K T7 v) a1 c( K# r, M( f! \
有一句话我等了三十年,现在终于可以说了:“老爸,我总是跟你说,我会回来拿到我的 8 G# `2 n4 G7 |$ w, s! q8 C
学位的!”
; v5 }4 V! |+ N( Y7 k$ C* j9 m5 s* Y8 P+ p) f, r! e7 q
I want to thank Harvard for this timely honor. I'll be changing my job next ye # y# T- ?: F, u' C. H# ^
ar … and it will be nice to finally have a college degree on my resume.
3 B3 P7 W) k9 K( B+ h. Q
. ~- W6 e4 Z! t' J4 a( m! [我要感谢哈佛大学在这个时候给我这个荣誉。明年,我就要换工作了(注:指从微软公司 2 \- u4 E/ v2 o) ]- r
退休)……我终于可以在简历上写我有一个本科学位,这真是不错啊。
1 A% W# T2 D% A1 x2 F& V
7 ?9 \3 U+ z, ~( NI applaud the graduates today for taking a much more direct route to your degr
3 `2 G9 ~* ]' @ees. For my part, I'm just happy that the Crimson has called me "Harvard's mos . i' f, }( F$ W5 Y( g
t successful dropout." I guess that makes me valedictorian of my own special c
/ Q- X1 B4 ]: ]$ Glass … I did the best of everyone who failed.
% q$ ~2 n- ?% z" f
6 Q0 p# e" r3 W+ D0 ?; q" X我为今天在座的各位同学感到高兴,你们拿到学位可比我简单多了。哈佛的校报称我是“ , h4 J0 Q( U: q5 i3 s/ c4 R; S3 d a
哈佛大学历史上最成功的辍学生”。我想这大概使我有资格代表我这一类学生发言……在 / ~$ {" k1 E) T7 E
所有的失败者里,我做得最好。 1 U$ d; ^; G% ^, \
; l# q1 B. x4 x4 MBut I also want to be recognized as the guy who got Steve Ballmer to drop out ! K4 S% T; {) m+ M- r
of business school. I'm a bad influence. That's why I was invited to speak at
8 c! O: n( v* Yyour graduation. If I had spoken at your orientation, fewer of you might be he " _" W+ |: Y# Q# x3 i2 @$ \9 Z# S
re today. - r5 H" }! ]4 w2 @
; M' O' L7 q) p1 b; ?! K
但是,我还要提醒大家,我使得Steve Ballmer(注:微软总经理)也从哈佛商学院退学了
+ h' W3 `4 h: v- H( ~& z3 }0 y。因此,我是个有着恶劣影响力的人。这就是为什么我被邀请来在你们的毕业典礼上演讲
! `3 D: a& m2 C。如果我在你们入学欢迎仪式上演讲,那么能够坚持到今天在这里毕业的人也许会少得多 `) e6 t& d' J3 B D6 v, H* c
吧。
2 v: c" J; ?+ B8 w( f6 X5 n
! f8 |; y7 i8 F0 V) PHarvard was just a phenomenal experience for me. Academic life was fascinating - n+ o8 L5 R7 _, t
. I used to sit in on lots of classes I hadn't even signed up for. And dorm li % o! h% K1 ? p3 H# P) y$ G! z# r
fe was terrific. I lived up at Radcliffe, in Currier House. There were always 1 S; c2 `0 b: {. Y- C3 s9 R k
lots of people in my dorm room late at night discussing things, because everyo ! U* k. a3 |* M V% R
ne knew I didn't worry about getting up in the morning. That's how I came to b
I4 Z+ I q; M' O! ?5 J2 R) {* te the leader of the anti-social group. We clung to each other as a way of vali 8 G" U1 f( x: y3 N2 f: K
dating our rejection of all those social people. + m& d: [1 Z9 Q4 i5 g
; ~7 p2 [- ]* C, |) h3 [对我来说,哈佛的求学经历是一段非凡的经历。校园生活很有趣,我常去旁听我没选修的
$ N8 t( o* {7 k/ u$ i课。哈佛的课外生活也很棒,我在Radcliffe过着逍遥自在的日子。每天我的寝室里总有很 $ r0 F0 i( u& l9 E; b
多人一直待到半夜,讨论着各种事情。因为每个人都知道我从不考虑第二天早起。这使得
* M2 h8 `/ S8 K* \我变成了校园里那些不安分学生的头头,我们互相粘在一起,做出一种拒绝所有正常学生 + V. C) C" J3 _
的姿态。
* c) q$ {+ R) w' M. L
+ P! H. V1 L' }4 @" g) j; YRadcliffe was a great place to live. There were more women up there, and most
! I7 E5 W" d3 r8 `! j- Uof the guys were science-math types. That combination offered me the best odds % z" m# G2 \3 p; T
, if you know what I mean. This is where I learned the sad lesson that improvi $ L( \4 s! w& p% r. Q( H& X: ?
ng your odds doesn't guarantee success.
5 k- D# Q% v9 a( n. S5 C! h# x# Y4 d/ L* k) n5 [
Radcliffe是个过日子的好地方。那里的女生比男生多,而且大多数男生都是理工科的。这
, j; t8 J4 f0 W+ w( d种状况为我创造了最好的机会,如果你们明白我的意思。可惜的是,我正是在这里学到了
/ a$ } ]( \$ w4 [$ K: r人生中悲伤的一课:机会大,并不等于你就会成功。 # c4 B/ E8 u! K, ~
1 D+ v8 H9 j9 A) T5 c; h! P- Q
One of my biggest memories of Harvard came in January 1975, when I made a call
( Q! `. v6 R0 D3 }from Currier House to a company in Albuquerque that had begun making the worl
$ R0 w5 ~, w; h# qd's first personal computers. I offered to sell them software.
5 o) F- ^( n4 U4 V" }$ `
8 l' P+ v* \) d$ X9 O/ e我在哈佛最难忘的回忆之一,发生在1975年1月。那时,我从宿舍楼里给位于Albuquerque 9 \1 L$ p. q2 t) p) Z( a
的一家公司打了一个电话,那家公司已经在着手制造世界上第一台个人电脑。我提出想向
! [8 g# w. c) `他们出售软件。 ( i8 n& X5 v! ?
1 x$ X. P. k4 `* j$ a
I worried that they would realize I was just a student in a dorm and hang up o
+ S5 J7 F' X; t$ t) \; d" |6 u4 `( zn me. Instead they said: "We're not quite ready, come see us in a month," whic ' }+ [4 h! o5 V0 B& [
h was a good thing, because we hadn't written the software yet. From that mome 7 R$ p! f8 F' L1 A# z
nt, I worked day and night on this little extra credit project that marked the
+ F4 m$ S1 v9 ^% zend of my college education and the beginning of a remarkable journey with Mi
# u7 a" [8 g& lcrosoft.
, [- i2 A0 z. p3 H K# }) E. b
9 v% ?1 T8 i* A0 v# p$ U我很担心,他们会发觉我是一个住在宿舍的学生,从而挂断电话。但是他们却说:“我们
' ^# s' U6 e" t" D; q- S还没准备好,一个月后你再来找我们吧。”这是个好消息,因为那时软件还根本没有写出
- X8 c' E$ ]0 C% b& o4 y来呢。就是从那个时候起,我日以继夜地在这个小小的课外项目上工作,这导致了我学生 - x9 ?1 s! Y& X
生活的结束,以及通往微软公司的不平凡的旅程的开始。 2 [8 v8 ^' X0 m
! q+ Z) D+ r* }& i# E% c, [What I remember above all about Harvard was being in the midst of so much ener ; d/ Y4 A# x" `/ r. s- }
gy and intelligence. It could be exhilarating, intimidating, sometimes even di 7 K3 I- N! I6 s" d, X- ]5 e
scouraging, but always challenging. It was an amazing privilege – and though
4 s. L- C0 f6 E& c2 B SI left early, I was transformed by my years at Harvard, the friendships I made m9 O- K, ~( A1 y) E7 ?- Q+ W
, and the ideas I worked on.
( S u/ c: v' g- Q: P8 T& y& ?
9 Y' D* z% R. T+ W# G2 J# c" u' ^不管怎样,我对哈佛的回忆主要都与充沛的精力和智力活动有关。哈佛的生活令人愉快,
# `8 Y9 C+ Z% c: D) T也令人感到有压力,有时甚至会感到泄气,但永远充满了挑战性。生活在哈佛是一种吸引 ' j* L- I% X) R! u: D. F, u, T
人的特殊待遇……虽然我离开得比较早,但是我在这里的经历、在这里结识的朋友、在这
- Z; ]' w% w/ p- D$ \3 i. o2 ~里发展起来的一些想法,永远地改变了我。 7 Z {7 r0 i* \4 t ^: E, X- |( m
' N- e" z* P- A0 @But taking a serious look back … I do have one big regret. - [/ X% Y7 z# T8 T
) o4 X k2 ]9 H0 s5 z9 @3 V/ n但是,如果现在严肃地回忆起来,我确实有一个真正的遗憾。
% i$ l: P" O5 j$ y- A* o; g! w6 |7 G- n3 t7 _7 i
I left Harvard with no real awareness of the awful inequities in the world – # n8 R. D% p' k1 Y; Y6 Q
the appalling disparities of health, and wealth, and opportunity that condemn
0 J+ W. R! _% e8 wmillions of people to lives of despair.
- A0 u% F9 K. c1 X- G5 L
! X- e8 t! b) W我离开哈佛的时候,根本没有意识到这个世界是多么的不平等。人类在健康、财富和机遇 + |* d A$ l" V0 v( [
上的不平等大得可怕,它们使得无数的人们被迫生活在绝望之中。 ( y" ^9 T( e. E5 v( B& T
. J( Y( V# N8 e1 `, Y5 e; f
I learned a lot here at Harvard about new ideas in economics and politics. I g
* ?# f" I: z2 h# K; O* K/ wot great exposure to the advances being made in the sciences. ! N e5 g9 a. _& Y$ z* h
2 S$ c ]9 _3 v) H/ i& C我在哈佛学到了很多经济学和政治学的新思想。我也了解了很多科学上的新进展。
' O* z# N$ ^0 b: E7 |2 i7 w- l9 s4 R. h6 x& h8 v
But humanity's greatest advances are not in its discoveries – but in how thos
! z' W. U5 S: t: z9 y* ?. se discoveries are applied to reduce inequity. Whether through democracy, stron
, c: Z) c& s; R% u4 B2 k% Ig public education, quality health care, or broad economic opportunity – redu % C* ?( V8 c7 }7 W
cing inequity is the highest human achievement. ) J! @. H* s& ]! C
6 f) e' w W0 t, _8 G9 B0 b但是,人类最大的进步并不来自于这些发现,而是来自于那些有助于减少人类不平等的发 / }0 ]4 ?( [8 H* A0 s4 p' R, K3 v
现。不管通过何种手段——民主制度、健全的公共教育体系、高质量的医疗保健、还是广
6 \/ f {# J0 F. ~. A d泛的经济机会——减少不平等始终是人类最大的成就。
6 F G9 W* n3 b- a, s: d+ k3 s* ^$ U" A) V; h
I left campus knowing little about the millions of young people cheated out of
6 U+ k5 T9 g8 u% b- I- ^educational opportunities here in this country. And I knew nothing about the
: C% n8 r' z* u# N. cmillions of people living in unspeakable poverty and disease in developing cou ) p, _/ m9 q$ W( ?( `3 r
ntries.
6 ~( ?8 V2 K4 y% n6 @
0 c% o p. J- s$ j$ U' i0 u8 S我离开校园的时候,根本不知道在这个国家里,有几百万的年轻人无法获得接受教育的机 ! z: U! F; U- Y' X3 b, w e
会。我也不知道,发展中国家里有无数的人们生活在无法形容的贫穷和疾病之中。 1 w' j _3 ^, Z4 m$ A
y% Z5 \% j; S" @# sIt took me decades to find out.
" } z" J5 f/ Z9 d; v6 y; F& l& O" v% j8 c4 r/ k1 N
我花了几十年才明白了这些事情。
$ n$ B% k: b. m* m; G. p) c8 ~. A0 g/ `/ ` _8 f
You graduates came to Harvard at a different time. You know more about the wor
- Q0 ?0 H" d: b8 V/ ~/ G# Hld's inequities than the classes that came before. In your years here, I hope * ?/ n" E D- D* e0 `$ |) Z
you've had a chance to think about how – in this age of accelerating technolo
, e1 R; l; s& ygy – we can finally take on these inequities, and we can solve them.
" T( M, S& D9 J( t$ ?' Y* m6 I1 h: u) \) |
在座的各位同学,你们是在与我不同的时代来到哈佛的。你们比以前的学生,更多地了解 & @3 Q( |) A& y# J; p
世界是怎样的不平等。在你们的哈佛求学过程中,我希望你们已经思考过一个问题,那就 * s/ _' q: b! X+ f7 r2 V
是在这个新技术加速发展的时代,我们怎样最终应对这种不平等,以及我们怎样来解决这
+ p/ F* @+ P6 c) ?0 j a% ^1 l' `个问题。 1 I9 \/ R# H' _3 F+ X
: O: b0 _* ] B* qImagine, just for the sake of discussion, that you had a few hours a week and
. L0 d: c; v' C" L7 r* o& R5 \a few dollars a month to donate to a cause – and you wanted to spend that tim 7 W w) y/ [% h1 U8 C" m
e and money where it would have the greatest impact in saving and improving li
/ C9 v# U! T8 P: @) r G1 ?9 Oves. Where would you spend it? * _* s" m: K! f) M0 R( B
# g6 z5 ~ m# N/ d0 {2 V为了讨论的方便,请想象一下,假如你每个星期可以捐献一些时间、每个月可以捐献一些 5 b0 }: V3 D/ R
钱——你希望这些时间和金钱,可以用到对拯救生命和改善人类生活有最大作用的地方。
1 Z, ?! u) |! c9 j你会选择什么地方?
- {1 p% c+ s+ L" v, }, Z, [
' f3 o9 l9 l0 ?For Melinda and for me, the challenge is the same: how can we do the most good % q. _% Q O, W; a/ U) }6 D
for the greatest number with the resources we have. 6 x; q! z( ]/ x3 [ k
# s' t. W8 i. v; Z% R0 g: W: R
对Melinda(注:盖茨的妻子)和我来说,这也是我们面临的问题:我们如何能将我们拥有 9 h& x- r3 } u3 `
的资源发挥出最大的作用。 ( U% f$ v' U7 J3 i
$ u) O* V! ^% q! x1 [* j. SDuring our discussions on this question, Melinda and I read an article about t ' y. Y8 L/ N: T: @! e9 X; _; i' r
he millions of children who were dying every year in poor countries from disea
2 ~2 ~9 |" E) t. i& qses that we had long ago made harmless in this country. Measles, malaria, pneu
6 G5 b2 f4 g E) amonia, hepatitis B, yellow fever. One disease I had never even heard of, rotav 2 q3 c! T9 p3 }* q. P) d- R
irus, was killing half a million kids each year – none of them in the United 7 J9 U: s: |* ?0 H* w+ o- \& p& Z, `
States. 5 I7 f/ K- k$ r. C3 r7 ?
$ i/ a, K2 x# w& o在讨论过程中,Melinda和我读到了一篇文章,里面说在那些贫穷的国家,每年有数百万的 3 U+ \. L! m, L+ i1 f
儿童死于那些在美国早已不成问题的疾病。麻疹、疟疾、肺炎、乙型肝炎、黄热病、还有 " H$ W9 @0 r) D0 o! \ H0 z) Q
一种以前我从未听说过的轮状病毒,这些疾病每年导致50万儿童死亡,但是在美国一例死
4 t. s* l+ g( ~- s2 y+ V. b亡病例也没有。 ) x/ k& W; i' L% f" n- @
( F) X0 z" Q7 c0 S4 u( tWe were shocked. We had just assumed that if millions of children were dying a
/ X# o# k) u- E5 g' |" Ind they could be saved, the world would make it a priority to discover and del
4 m! _' d4 p% L m& Miver the medicines to save them. But it did not. For under a dollar, there wer $ ^3 k* y w2 l) Y! X g
e interventions that could save lives that just weren't being delivered.
E, \* i& @7 Z' T9 K$ i
, ^& a, U, a" [# |. O4 a( m& [, e我们被震惊了。我们想,如果几百万儿童正在死亡线上挣扎,而且他们是可以被挽救的,
& n4 m+ f8 [" R那么世界理应将用药物拯救他们作为头等大事。但是事实并非如此。那些价格还不到一美 $ }# Y$ C( e! N
元的救命的药剂,并没有送到他们的手中。 , f* Q4 z1 Y& f; D# ]
" P3 D3 h( B/ }, Z8 }9 b1 E
If you believe that every life has equal value, it's revolting to learn that s 7 ?9 g, B' N5 I" O8 u# J
ome lives are seen as worth saving and others are not. We said to ourselves: " : u9 ?, }! Z9 P' o
This can't be true. But if it is true, it deserves to be the priority of our g
- y( u! w) ^' }! H, ^0 |( jiving." 6 k5 G* n' H, F8 F0 W* \
2 T( ?# j, Z0 H! C
如果你相信每个生命都是平等的,那么当你发现某些生命被挽救了,而另一些生命被放弃 ! _3 i* \/ |# ^/ ]/ @* r1 R$ p
了,你会感到无法接受。我们对自己说:“事情不可能如此。如果这是真的,那么它理应 " [: b6 ]" T$ f5 d/ g; y* Q
是我们努力的头等大事。” / g6 M0 p; ?( V5 T; o3 v$ k
5 [9 l* }9 @8 t3 v3 ~6 M- _' vSo we began our work in the same way anyone here would begin it. We asked: "Ho
9 T5 Q, B, P& H. W E: qw could the world let these children die?"
: V; k# r! s9 B8 N0 r& U
- u2 c! C! F, ^所以,我们用任何人都会想到的方式开始工作。我们问:“这个世界怎么可以眼睁睁看着
( \, `9 Z) |( z/ a/ r0 T这些孩子死去?” ; K3 M: G3 Q. g1 @
1 n* e0 V) D& {! Z& C9 y. Q! n
The answer is simple, and harsh. The market did not reward saving the lives of
; p$ O* r7 [* j2 V, Sthese children, and governments did not subsidize it. So the children died be . s1 b6 Y t! P0 `
cause their mothers and their fathers had no power in the market and no voice ]5 ?6 X/ u! A/ ~
in the system.
: ^' v; t% n+ V& U% F" U% I+ l4 X# n8 a a Z7 M/ q: N
答案很简单,也很令人难堪。在市场经济中,拯救儿童是一项没有利润的工作,政府也不 ! W2 E+ \+ q5 r6 A
会提供补助。这些儿童之所以会死亡,是因为他们的父母在经济上没有实力,在政治上没
9 {$ L0 r; D3 D有能力发出声音。 " ]' G$ J" b0 O: i- B
- W! W9 q9 H8 p" {
But you and I have both.
; F9 y- G* ]7 n' r! k+ J9 Q4 u) \, w) ~. D$ G
但是,你们和我在经济上有实力,在政治上能够发出声音。 ' l- h1 @" g1 u5 ?6 Z
, O; e" r" D% Q" p" E
We can make market forces work better for the poor if we can develop a more cr 5 U6 y7 f2 U# f g+ n& V/ [
eative capitalism – if we can stretch the reach of market forces so that more ' L: f& y! r+ T* U$ g
people can make a profit, or at least make a living, serving people who are s
6 o( y* J" H0 euffering from the worst inequities. We also can press governments around the w # L, f! N1 B5 V8 V/ l' n6 w
orld to spend taxpayer money in ways that better reflect the values of the peo % x+ Q/ m" G/ {% \0 R9 [
ple who pay the taxes.
; b& e3 X" y* A- F
# s. e7 J# {: d0 _' r' N1 p我们可以让市场更好地为穷人服务,如果我们能够设计出一种更有创新性的资本主义制度 " t' {5 u2 x5 q/ A) I2 h
——如果我们可以改变市场,让更多的人可以获得利润,或者至少可以维持生活——那么 4 l3 d F7 o$ j: n" L% q
,这就可以帮到那些正在极端不平等的状况中受苦的人们。我们还可以向全世界的政府施
" Z0 \8 C, u9 |$ [' f5 @% k压,要求他们将纳税人的钱,花到更符合纳税人价值观的地方。 8 @8 B0 }/ @: B" `; W+ w7 A
/ \2 P7 V8 d8 S6 S( g$ sIf we can find approaches that meet the needs of the poor in ways that generat
, S" W0 O2 l5 ]1 k7 w4 K3 ze profits for business and votes for politicians, we will have found a sustain
- p4 f0 F) P n4 F# }) qable way to reduce inequity in the world. This task is open-ended. It can neve
- T' Z2 H+ x- f( H% u# yr be finished. But a conscious effort to answer this challenge will change the
+ I! Y6 m% J% B" W9 h; l. ?world. * q( L( e9 n2 T7 U
* l* U0 z# q9 K, E1 j
如果我们能够找到这样一种方法,既可以帮到穷人,又可以为商人带来利润,为政治家带
) w7 b" M* ?, u4 f6 ^: Q9 @! ]来选票,那么我们就找到了一种减少世界性不平等的可持续的发展道路。这个任务是无限 " {: g3 C0 P* h& y
的。它不可能被完全完成,但是任何自觉地解决这个问题的尝试,都将会改变这个世界。
2 A' c1 L8 z2 U* `
. M9 ^% @5 Q8 E5 f& R' l
6 g p3 L6 B r% ^+ A5 k+ ]2 r7 PI am optimistic that we can do this, but I talk to skeptics who claim there is . M' P, m0 I! q% s5 @
no hope. They say: "Inequity has been with us since the beginning, and will b
. A! K/ P9 M+ E4 F( p% J! u+ Ke with us till the end – because people just … don't … care." I completely # g. E! `" v* J* ]0 B
disagree.
9 e5 n1 T4 a/ m: L1 y# d, S' e5 u$ {- ^, q' \, e/ j0 V
在这个问题上,我是乐观的。但是,我也遇到过那些感到绝望的怀疑主义者。他们说:“ 7 a8 F* \& }+ X% [$ \4 s
不平等从人类诞生的第一天就存在,到人类灭亡的最后一天也将存在。——因为人类对这 # A ^: l8 K! E( n% l
个问题根本不在乎。”我完全不能同意这种观点。
0 R: N& |2 `8 ? S
. Z. O1 e$ a9 S7 m3 h0 ~( |, Y- e- `I believe we have more caring than we know what to do with. 2 @. q) g" r0 m! k2 A
" b# p# X& N5 f/ o0 k- [9 L
我相信,问题不是我们不在乎,而是我们不知道怎么做。 ) f7 w3 \) Y' k4 A# b
$ r2 i$ Y) t" l& `+ x3 s7 A" V
All of us here in this Yard, at one time or another, have seen human tragedies
3 E' v( j" n9 ^ U, t" m0 ]; Z& Sthat broke our hearts, and yet we did nothing – not because we didn't care,
5 }# J' d" s, Dbut because we didn't know what to do. If we had known how to help, we would h
+ K) B, \0 k6 `. F3 ]* Mave acted. - e, d" O3 S3 K# b5 l v) M; C4 T
( n. `4 Y& O2 c" U此刻在这个院子里的所有人,生命中总有这样或那样的时刻,目睹人类的悲剧,感到万分 / H- c( Z2 o8 t9 E! p1 I
伤心。但是我们什么也没做,并非我们无动于衷,而是因为我们不知道做什么和怎么做。
4 M# ]( k& g& C& z如果我们知道如何做是有效的,那么我们就会采取行动。 ' E5 }, V' _3 j/ n6 c% q: ]
4 Q3 `$ ]' y% u m) ]) w: T. AThe barrier to change is not too little caring; it is too much complexity. * z- h8 N4 K4 a3 }) c
* c7 y/ }8 L$ x3 y7 ]; [改变世界的阻碍,并非人类的冷漠,而是世界实在太复杂。 . D) n H) f2 z) W$ l7 Q
( F) J3 D3 R% M# dTo turn caring into action, we need to see a problem, see a solution, and see
; a& y0 |/ v6 l1 e* `4 ~ p8 bthe impact. But complexity blocks all three steps. , x. t- `1 X6 X! E% p; C# t( ^
2 x9 G& `4 X$ C7 \& I2 J为了将关心转变为行动,我们需要找到问题,发现解决办法的方法,评估后果。但是世界 ' O5 |# W$ }8 \1 i/ R3 F. G8 C
的复杂性使得所有这些步骤都难于做到。 2 I4 I N% X2 f$ \) |
- ?, t1 ]4 v$ t- a+ z6 ]7 l2 qEven with the advent of the Internet and 24-hour news, it is still a complex e
3 y- F. G' H7 Ynterprise to get people to truly see the problems. When an airplane crashes, o
$ \8 z2 X) M- J/ S2 m" yfficials immediately call a press conference. They promise to investigate, det 7 i6 k0 G7 P% ?+ x
ermine the cause, and prevent similar crashes in the future. * ~2 d6 A5 R; K
# }7 E3 e( W6 _即使有了互联网和24小时直播的新闻台,让人们真正发现问题所在,仍然十分困难。当一 + a: R% q; x$ ~! ?* I( p
架飞机坠毁了,官员们会立刻召开新闻发布会,他们承诺进行调查、找到原因、防止将来 ( Q! x! ?9 ^! @" {: P7 D8 ]
再次发生类似事故。
; l+ y5 |0 h0 n3 C. P% O
0 b* K, z/ O" c9 G/ w+ Z9 e4 C2 YBut if the officials were brutally honest, they would say: "Of all the people
. B0 o- j6 F8 B! g# I# ein the world who died today from preventable causes, one half of one percent o
# H( m! A: h/ r) m, lf them were on this plane. We're determined to do everything possible to solve
6 d; e. x& C7 H- X# lthe problem that took the lives of the one half of one percent."
9 l+ J1 y% G% E4 U# \+ x4 |: z" A5 q7 v" @
但是如果那些官员敢说真话,他们就会说:“在今天这一天,全世界所有可以避免的死亡
4 z# Y. _( Q. c, d" T; X之中,只有0.5%的死者来自于这次空难。我们决心尽一切努力,调查这个0.5%的死亡原因 ! W9 \) R/ ]: }5 n
。”
# t2 Z, G4 j$ Q) c+ D7 N% n+ v6 C: W% ]
The bigger problem is not the plane crash, but the millions of preventable dea 3 W& @ t5 W9 G6 X
ths.
6 }2 I* w: i* H0 W
2 _( q! o: u, r8 k: }( ?显然,更重要的问题不是这次空难,而是其他几百万可以预防的死亡事件。
9 \1 P) ` E$ \8 D4 E
6 S- w& x) j. N* u/ [. s9 Q0 OWe don't read much about these deaths. The media covers what's new – and mill
! {0 Z3 R2 T; u2 S! V) {ions of people dying is nothing new. So it stays in the background, where it's 7 B$ y& V- V; h, G
easier to ignore. But even when we do see it or read about it, it's difficult
( R# B/ W+ U1 q. y+ ?5 fto keep our eyes on the problem. It's hard to look at suffering if the situat ! V" i/ o5 ^; E9 H; e; x
ion is so complex that we don't know how to help. And so we look away.
/ i+ K1 G8 T0 o/ B* \& }; [) Y) l7 a# i
我们并没有很多机会了解那些死亡事件。媒体总是报告新闻,几百万人将要死去并非新闻 3 X% A/ b4 C* w9 k
。如果没有人报道,那么这些事件就很容易被忽视。另一方面,即使我们确实目睹了事件 7 c0 |4 u* C7 x+ e5 `6 h
本身或者看到了相关报道,我们也很难持续关注这些事件。看着他人受苦是令人痛苦的,
! m" A+ a2 ]- _9 y何况问题又如此复杂,我们根本不知道如何去帮助他人。所以我们会将脸转过去。
9 h# ~; G$ x) R- b# L
, ?( A. E! p. P0 R1 w0 ]If we can really see a problem, which is the first step, we come to the second
: y8 i# X3 h% i8 vstep: cutting through the complexity to find a solution.
, M' s, T* d+ O* [
& s; _' n5 _ p9 f7 g就算我们真正发现了问题所在,也不过是迈出了第一步,接着还有第二步:那就是从复杂 W' v ^/ X( Q4 z N8 B
的事件中找到解决办法。 ; i+ P8 N# z- e# P0 L* [! \
& h6 C4 m z9 f" ?+ ^) v! B" SFinding solutions is essential if we want to make the most of our caring. If w 6 ~. |# O* q4 Q* u1 f3 C |
e have clear and proven answers anytime an organization or individual asks "Ho # [9 ~) f: G N- p$ j& D/ ?
w can I help?," then we can get action – and we can make sure that none of th
, C- X# ]# F7 {: ee caring in the world is wasted. But complexity makes it hard to mark a path o
! p0 k r8 V! v9 @1 F+ Sf action for everyone who cares — and that makes it hard for their caring to 0 j% @' i/ B( Y
matter. 2 U* ?. Y+ o$ T
8 p4 Z1 b) J* d$ m0 n e
如果我们要让关心落到实处,我们就必须找到解决办法。如果我们有一个清晰的和可靠的
( K( L: U5 @& B' k答案,那么当任何组织和个人发出疑问“如何我能提供帮助”的时候,我们就能采取行动
c- R8 ?# T- X。我们就能够保证不浪费一丁点全世界人类对他人的关心。但是,世界的复杂性使得很难 0 a7 N0 X4 q2 f- N/ r0 b( c& B
找到对全世界每一个有爱心的人都有效的行动方法,因此人类对他人的关心往往很难产生 + F5 Y7 d9 G8 @: @
实际效果。 9 i) X+ t( x E4 a, ~- n4 w: G6 g
) W% W& z% S' ~# b6 A$ {6 s, {Cutting through complexity to find a solution runs through four predictable st
5 a% N9 C( ^: T" L4 ~ages: determine a goal, find the highest-leverage approach, discover the ideal
. m% i- Q6 q# X/ K) f2 Htechnology for that approach, and in the meantime, make the smartest applicat . Y2 f2 v& o! ~3 D" a3 g& B( ]+ w
ion of the technology that you already have — whether it's something sophisti
8 N2 G7 A* }' V: ]4 m' v) Xcated, like a drug, or something simpler, like a bednet. - J! M3 N% C1 X `
, ]* E% S* S8 p
从这个复杂的世界中找到解决办法,可以分为四个步骤:确定目标,找到最高效的方法, / w* A X* J2 [1 U. T. f \) h
发现适用于这个方法的新技术,同时最聪明地利用现有的技术,不管它是复杂的药物,还 ! h; _ h! H' f# C- {2 d; ~
是最简单的蚊帐。
; @' ?! ^' N! G3 o
+ c5 E* b F3 l9 ~6 ZThe AIDS epidemic offers an example. The broad goal, of course, is to end the
9 v$ l& \' p6 E) N- Q9 edisease. The highest-leverage approach is prevention. The ideal technology wou
$ f# o; r9 j( D0 mld be a vaccine that gives lifetime immunity with a single dose. So government
! x, _, b/ j" A3 |/ q, Y4 e" X4 Ls, drug companies, and foundations fund vaccine research. But their work is li 3 f1 `8 A* A8 i5 C$ W3 V
kely to take more than a decade, so in the meantime, we have to work with what , }" q$ I L$ c9 t1 @* k
we have in hand – and the best prevention approach we have now is getting pe ( A, j- I. u! b Q' T1 q
ople to avoid risky behavior. $ n: S$ g. c0 v' |* }7 S, C
L% k, X# b/ D9 i艾滋病就是一个例子。总的目标,毫无疑问是消灭这种疾病。最高效的方法是预防。最理 ( [' W4 D3 D; H7 L. y& P1 K
想的技术是发明一种疫苗,只要注射一次,就可以终生免疫。所以,政府、制药公司、基
5 B' s1 E' T- t, V. ~2 k6 u7 c金会应该资助疫苗研究。但是,这样研究工作很可能十年之内都无法完成。因此,与此同
+ w( @3 a- G }; f4 f时,我们必须使用现有的技术,目前最有效的预防方法就是设法让人们避免那些危险的行 6 S8 r* M# v- M
为。 : u6 B! a8 V1 ?9 X& S
" B( I0 d) y8 [. s& C7 J
Pursuing that goal starts the four-step cycle again. This is the pattern. The 0 v) x: n& H4 \% V5 Y1 n0 b7 G; I7 h
crucial thing is to never stop thinking and working – and never do what we di
) {2 c( J6 g: G" S" u1 qd with malaria and tuberculosis in the 20th century – which is to surrender t
( D1 A$ S+ d1 J9 Co complexity and quit. % c2 X" Z E$ e+ C0 p
9 ?" c, l" P' C要实现这个新的目标,又可以采用新的四步循环。这是一种模式。关键的东西是永远不要 4 h0 R7 L/ I" @% l/ M% E: t) _: w
停止思考和行动。我们千万不能再犯上个世纪在疟疾和肺结核上犯过的错误,那时我们因
l2 Q1 x( X$ B9 u- M为它们太复杂,而放弃了采取行动。 ! b, j- B! D" t, @& ~
# e7 O: n$ _: d+ G0 v; N/ lThe final step – after seeing the problem and finding an approach – is to me
) S$ q( _# C; J0 Masure the impact of your work and share your successes and failures so that ot
. T: X& Z+ q$ R$ [. g) Shers learn from your efforts. 8 P ?* B6 c" r4 D5 O
& t$ W2 }, @9 Z7 N& v H
在发现问题和找到解决方法之后,就是最后一步——评估工作结果,将你的成功经验或者 ! H0 g7 k+ a' y2 i
失败经验传播出去,这样其他人就可以从你的努力中有所收获。
+ U1 _1 x2 x- t/ x5 l, Z; x
# }2 V! ]" o# E4 r2 k* S1 WYou have to have the statistics, of course. You have to be able to show that a + j/ ?" W' J! I! [8 l& ~" J
program is vaccinating millions more children. You have to be able to show a
v& }& V6 }2 bdecline in the number of children dying from these diseases. This is essential
8 X% T6 E/ ~5 jnot just to improve the program, but also to help draw more investment from b
: D$ \- C8 e% Ausiness and government.
8 r, y' C& |$ K: \
4 g! t1 s& H- g3 O2 N( W7 q当然,你必须有一些统计数字。你必须让他人知道,你的项目为几百万儿童新接种了疫苗 C9 V5 @1 D- X! f& n: D P+ f: @+ c ]
。你也必须让他人知道,儿童死亡人数下降了多少。这些都是很关键的,不仅有利于改善
3 o9 U1 `9 B. q6 ~项目效果,也有利于从商界和政府得到更多的帮助。 0 _. d' u7 y8 n$ E
, ?1 D& j X0 v' W* |" X& s
But if you want to inspire people to participate, you have to show more than n
' l( L: f) h+ Y# k8 i* R Kumbers; you have to convey the human impact of the work – so people can feel
& c8 H, e N3 M% rwhat saving a life means to the families affected. 1 b3 a0 A! ~8 V5 f
7 a& V/ B; u! _# G' w) f1 b但是,这些还不够,如果你想激励其他人参加你的项目,你就必须拿出更多的统计数字; 2 y* Q4 m6 c) k3 g. Q! a
你必须展示你的项目的人性因素,这样其他人就会感到拯救一个生命,对那些处在困境中
: ^4 n8 r6 O8 P4 Z的家庭到底意味着什么。
/ a R* s* M4 W$ {
2 T4 }! U5 B! ~9 A4 d( n) ^I remember going to Davos some years back and sitting on a global health panel
0 d, J% y2 N8 E& }" ^) _; U# kthat was discussing ways to save millions of lives. Millions! Think of the th
1 b; w' w& v9 t' J+ r9 ?/ _rill of saving just one person's life – then multiply that by millions. … Ye
1 Z3 n! Z3 l5 B! l& \t this was the most boring panel I've ever been on – ever. So boring even I c
- ]8 F+ }. T7 v, ^5 n- {7 eouldn't bear it. 9 o" P# X9 X4 w2 F0 K
9 Z3 ~, J4 l: |$ `2 i& J
几年前,我去瑞士达沃斯旁听一个全球健康问题论坛,会议的内容有关于如何拯救几百万
* Y( M0 v$ f& c' X: K3 u- {, \0 n条生命。天哪,是几百万!想一想吧,拯救一个人的生命已经让人何等激动,现在你要把
3 ]4 j9 Y1 C% b这种激动再乘上几百万倍……但是,不幸的是,这是我参加过的最最乏味的论坛,乏味到 - k! f7 i8 H2 M3 N6 B3 D
我无法强迫自己听下去。 $ ?. a/ ^. Y* Y0 [# ^
$ w' }; S. N! P& D9 h; W$ _What made that experience especially striking was that I had just come from an
! w, }# u3 Z5 Fevent where we were introducing version 13 of some piece of software, and we
m6 k& j5 q' `' Thad people jumping and shouting with excitement. I love getting people excited / C+ ]1 q9 N6 v$ S6 T+ Q/ V
about software – but why can't we generate even more excitement for saving l
( F1 d7 Z2 x- \ives?
3 R+ |& m, n) G" A* ~9 l, q9 s9 g6 y8 L7 X; s! @& t" d7 O
那次经历之所以让我难忘,是因为之前我们刚刚发布了一个软件的第13个版本,我们让观 : `0 j- N3 ^3 }" A+ ?( H# W
众激动得跳了起来,喊出了声。我喜欢人们因为软件而感到激动,那么我们为什么不能够
( v4 A& P5 y# }. z9 ^! }让人们因为能够拯救生命而感到更加激动呢? " g7 w2 H2 f5 q3 d) U
& z( N S9 Y7 aYou can't get people excited unless you can help them see and feel the impact. . R0 I; o2 r1 @" n; c
And how you do that – is a complex question. 9 |- e0 R/ I6 K& I7 D1 e, p
. v/ F( B4 N8 V8 ]! L
除非你能够让人们看到或者感受到行动的影响力,否则你无法让人们激动。如何做到这一
5 t x( J( O; h5 P. b" H$ m点,并不是一件简单的事。
( _) o8 p, |, H8 E+ ?, p G6 n2 k. t# k0 d3 w, h6 @& k
Still, I'm optimistic. Yes, inequity has been with us forever, but the new too
& `1 |& f" o( U/ F+ U; h+ qls we have to cut through complexity have not been with us forever. They are n
( [$ ?* h- R0 n- @; e4 x& b& [9 |" ?ew – they can help us make the most of our caring – and that's why the futur
/ X- a [* R7 D. oe can be different from the past.
0 m3 a7 H6 k. B: ]4 h" m0 F" H% e: S, j4 w, L9 c8 V( T
同前面一样,在这个问题上,我依然是乐观的。不错,人类的不平等有史以来一直存在, 8 l. P: | H( |7 D3 B
但是那些能够化繁为简的新工具,却是最近才出现的。这些新工具可以帮助我们,将人类 9 e, V0 C J% P
的同情心发挥最大的作用,这就是为什么将来同过去是不一样的。 6 m9 M' K; h+ V$ |1 R1 r
4 A& F# n$ A ~9 `& ^The defining and ongoing innovations of this age – biotechnology, the compute
* j! \* m8 e8 {" S5 B- T/ W* _7 Xr, the Internet – give us a chance we've never had before to end extreme pove / y) f! h& ^: i( m9 _: s1 @* y
rty and end death from preventable disease. * }4 S4 s U# \" L" o+ _
) Y6 i- i; _8 C7 P w. |( W( s
这个时代无时无刻不在涌现出新的革新——生物技术,计算机,互联网——它们给了我们
" u2 @/ J# b# O" \一个从未有过的机会,去终结那些极端的贫穷和非恶性疾病的死亡。
& V5 ?& e7 E) r0 I" f( d( w. m
$ O" B* v3 a1 f+ h+ W, X/ z3 nSixty years ago, George Marshall came to this commencement and announced a pla ) N0 G( h# R! O1 k% u# a
n to assist the nations of post-war Europe. He said: "I think one difficulty i
0 }# `4 b/ H8 v) U. d+ w! ?s that the problem is one of such enormous complexity that the very mass of fa 3 d: g7 o8 y) W- ?8 A2 h u+ [
cts presented to the public by press and radio make it exceedingly difficult f 8 A2 i- B. [! e! q) I7 M- T. ~6 u
or the man in the street to reach a clear appraisement of the situation. It is 5 ?9 U1 G/ ]8 l& Y# w# s
virtually impossible at this distance to grasp at all the real significance o + Z4 Q, Q' l' G9 ~: }3 M) f' k
f the situation." ! E0 i" \9 d/ {
p. s( U `. Y5 N E7 |: `' D
六十年前,乔治·马歇尔也是在这个地方的毕业典礼上,宣布了一个计划,帮助那些欧洲 R% F. J0 Z% g1 e' T+ c" r
国家的战后建设。他说:“我认为,困难的一点是这个问题太复杂,报纸和电台向公众源 7 e- l H: l$ v5 G2 K
源不断地提供各种事实,使得大街上的普通人极端难于清晰地判断形势。事实上,经过层 6 C5 X" S) f G9 g) x% K
层传播,想要真正地把握形势,是根本不可能的。” 7 l' d% k8 w' n
9 K. [) I) R- `+ J2 WThirty years after Marshall made his address, as my class graduated without me ' c+ }7 V" l- k5 x5 M( Z8 p, V8 `
, technology was emerging that would make the world smaller, more open, more v
% \& W8 T1 X6 A0 H) \9 j* Gisible, less distant. 0 v% i6 M0 e) Q Z7 _. d5 q
6 N0 p9 k% Y9 W& `
马歇尔发表这个演讲之后的三十年,我那一届学生毕业,当然我不在其中。那时,新技术
( g8 Y3 J7 y$ r1 R刚刚开始萌芽,它们将使得这个世界变得更小、更开放、更容易看到、距离更近。
4 ?* ?) ]3 o) D9 h3 w5 {) o3 N1 Z; x
The emergence of low-cost personal computers gave rise to a powerful network t
- ^8 _4 v8 n4 W1 V# R2 n: Q% j7 T: s1 J' Ihat has transformed opportunities for learning and communicating. R4 a7 r, h- y
7 w) ^2 U6 e6 Z. Q" T低成本的个人电脑的出现,使得一个强大的互联网有机会诞生,它为学习和交流提供了巨 G% [: K, J1 M9 b
大的机会。 1 J7 }& Y9 X4 n; [
3 P& m2 I0 P9 f" N; r7 ^
The magical thing about this network is not just that it collapses distance an
% V6 d7 x' W u! H/ gd makes everyone your neighbor. It also dramatically increases the number of b
0 m% r, e+ L3 ]1 Yrilliant minds we can have working together on the same problem – and that sc 0 L: \7 K7 S6 I. M
ales up the rate of innovation to a staggering degree. ' c; f5 j: H. @
0 d6 ^- L. ^2 X( e( b7 Z
网络的神奇之处,不仅仅是它缩短了物理距离,使得天涯若比邻。它还极大地增加了怀有 & _: S5 v6 E5 k) q7 x/ u0 P
共同想法的人们聚集在一起的机会,我们可以为了解决同一个问题,一起共同工作。这就
' B) H( _0 I8 R. v! D: w& x大大加快了革新的进程,发展速度简直快得让人震惊。
- b: F2 q& y8 \& ]
( T; H9 A5 O: C9 d. o- B7 zAt the same time, for every person in the world who has access to this technol
) G+ |& I( {0 v$ F& |: ]/ }: B& xogy, five people don't. That means many creative minds are left out of this di
* E1 U! c4 d" v& Rscussion -- smart people with practical intelligence and relevant experience w
+ V/ E0 v: D L- Kho don't have the technology to hone their talents or contribute their ideas t 1 g7 D! n( P) C8 e
o the world. # Q9 a% ]' i5 `3 r% z. J( }% G
2 [$ ]% x! C* Y& u- B; v
与此同时,世界上有条件上网的人,只是全部人口的六分之一。这意味着,还有许多具有
+ q% U% ~, [6 N' t创造性的人们,没有加入到我们的讨论中来。那些有着实际的操作经验和相关经历的聪明 # A0 _- {( l; {2 {9 f3 J$ ?% Y, S8 h, D+ l
人,却没有技术来帮助他们,将他们的天赋或者想法与全世界分享。
, |' b( G( E& o& c1 R
; `& j. s" z2 E, U0 u8 zWe need as many people as possible to have access to this technology, because - |' v6 c+ B( K) e8 V9 J. K% j
these advances are triggering a revolution in what human beings can do for one
8 h( F' q* l# Q1 i) p- H: \1 S+ Z4 _another. They are making it possible not just for national governments, but f - I; h( m* |8 L
or universities, corporations, smaller organizations, and even individuals to " v5 W; A6 n& l1 T7 }
see problems, see approaches, and measure the impact of their efforts to addre # L L, G9 S; C$ i$ ~ Z
ss the hunger, poverty, and desperation George Marshall spoke of 60 years ago. 6 R5 B1 {3 c! C# C5 ^1 U
1 g" u: p& B! c, _. Z3 R
: C- [7 [2 E6 O+ m& H% M/ C' j我们需要尽可能地让更多的人有机会使用新技术,因为这些新技术正在引发一场革命,人 , p0 h2 Y2 N/ V
类将因此可以互相帮助。新技术正在创造一种可能,不仅是政府,还包括大学、公司、小
5 q; M# x2 Y6 H% q+ Q1 S' L机构、甚至个人,能够发现问题所在、能够找到解决办法、能够评估他们努力的效果,去 * k( B& T( z& v4 P, m0 F
改变那些马歇尔六十年前就说到过的问题——饥饿、贫穷和绝望。 / ?7 l* x( q2 V& M* [; Q0 |
. V: ]( j( O0 A5 }
Members of the Harvard Family: Here in the Yard is one of the great collection & l% b( t5 f$ f0 Y9 L; F
s of intellectual talent in the world.
9 m: n1 M7 t5 |. I' o, k7 A `$ p r* Z. d, B
哈佛是一个大家庭。这个院子里在场的人们,是全世界最有智力的人类群体之一。
. m( l7 l$ z. s, g- J2 ^. Z4 n7 T. C, m' W, }+ W
What for? % F! F/ p0 ?' {7 P/ ?( O
: Q% P4 C' a8 ~( m' }+ \4 R我们可以做些什么? $ n; M' E/ p0 | K( b `- q, [
1 Y. L; T8 O( @. R* ~! x+ c
There is no question that the faculty, the alumni, the students, and the benef & u$ y% p! t: N( h. E1 G6 Y: [
actors of Harvard have used their power to improve the lives of people here an 2 c+ X- E& {* V' K6 f/ ?2 q
d around the world. But can we do more? Can Harvard dedicate its intellect to , E9 ?: q5 e$ |- I
improving the lives of people who will never even hear its name? % b. U% q6 q( Z4 K
( G2 O/ k6 V4 {; D4 m7 W
毫无疑问,哈佛的老师、校友、学生和资助者,已经用他们的能力改善了全世界各地人们 ' a; _' V, b$ b+ M/ t% r6 M
的生活。但是,我们还能够再做什么呢?有没有可能,哈佛的人们可以将他们的智慧,用 ; {" B J# S6 \$ ?3 o( x6 `" v1 T
来帮助那些甚至从来没有听到过“哈佛”这个名字的人?
, L8 b; @* W h- e2 H7 a8 m
/ X& S8 s3 C, r8 U o( {, W [( i# DLet me make a request of the deans and the professors – the intellectual lead
" d- M6 S% U$ i! n! o1 sers here at Harvard: As you hire new faculty, award tenure, review curriculum, % C% h; {5 W5 p
and determine degree requirements, please ask yourselves:
/ ]* m4 k* M& b
5 t, o7 |, N. `6 O5 }4 @- q1 t/ S% E请允许我向各位院长和教授,提出一个请求——你们是哈佛的智力领袖,当你们雇用新的
8 k( R, w$ [8 c0 x4 W* u老师、授予终身教职、评估课程、决定学位颁发标准的时候,请问你们自己如下的问题: 7 v. \% Y0 h: f
& |1 o/ {" g) w( m
1 ]/ T2 C, d. X7 p
Should our best minds be dedicated to solving our biggest problems? $ y4 i/ T% b$ \% M- B- a! I" n
P. c& q: W( D$ M; h我们最优秀的人才是否在致力于解决我们最大的问题?
; `5 c/ z& i7 g1 B( g+ i# A( h. }6 `% K
1 d+ a4 `7 x2 RShould Harvard encourage its faculty to take on the world's worst inequities?
# \/ H& T$ p3 a0 N) X* r7 }Should Harvard students learn about the depth of global poverty … the prevale
: f+ f( f- U6 }" [nce of world hunger … the scarcity of clean water …the girls kept out of sch " ^: }" [1 u. n4 _2 s- A
ool … the children who die from diseases we can cure?
/ u7 `0 }: a$ s; A+ X: f0 f* X9 h1 ]5 U. m! g/ y
哈佛是否鼓励她的老师去研究解决世界上最严重的不平等?哈佛的学生是否从全球那些极 8 n, |# I" }4 r% }$ m
端的贫穷中学到了什么……世界性的饥荒……清洁的水资源的缺乏……无法上学的女童… ; s$ `0 I* \* o2 ]
…死于非恶性疾病的儿童……哈佛的学生有没有从中学到东西? 0 D! u/ v& m @! b% J5 t
2 t6 g# H3 m) ~" s
Should the world's most privileged people learn about the lives of the world's
2 F/ n( ~) N {! ]: Dleast privileged?
8 ~( Q: [# ^1 ^
5 s) U4 n e. {8 g( ^( ~+ ?) G那些世界上过着最优越生活的人们,有没有从那些最困难的人们身上学到东西? . K/ P/ p8 s# a$ b6 G! R
! E( G* @8 t& ^# \8 o9 i
These are not rhetorical questions – you will answer with your policies. / h2 m. K% ?$ `# G( |6 E4 Q
Q3 I' Z! v1 E4 Y% Q这些问题并非语言上的修辞。你必须用自己的行动来回答它们。
0 Y% p, ^6 ]1 c) ~' n1 f3 t, X& z& a4 u" X
My mother, who was filled with pride the day I was admitted here – never stop 1 U5 x) O7 I3 z y. n3 _! y
ped pressing me to do more for others. A few days before my wedding, she hoste + R( Y6 |& |: C% R/ B J$ N
d a bridal event, at which she read aloud a letter about marriage that she had
! E/ l [+ T3 y0 A( u$ {% g* rwritten to Melinda. My mother was very ill with cancer at the time, but she s $ D& P' e5 L8 V& l$ r) ?2 P
aw one more opportunity to deliver her message, and at the close of the letter
( \( ]) _+ ~' R |8 q. ~) ~* @she said: "From those to whom much is given, much is expected." ( H7 n9 C9 V) W0 b
7 E& U5 h/ n* W: ?我的母亲在我被哈佛大学录取的那一天,曾经感到非常骄傲。她从没有停止督促我,去为 ' d5 }6 x2 E4 T
他人做更多的事情。在我结婚的前几天,她主持了一个新娘进我家的仪式。在这个仪式上 , [' s. \- c( J! E% z! |8 `
,她高声朗读了一封关于婚姻的信,这是她写给Melinda的。那时,我的母亲已经因为癌症 * v# N9 }! p7 T6 Q' O# c. P+ u
病入膏肓,但是她还是认为这是又一个传播她的信念的机会。在那封信的结尾,她写道:
* Q2 c4 t+ d2 V7 ^# N" H' X1 q9 ^“对于那些接受了许多帮助的人们,他们还在期待更多的帮助。你的能力越大,人们对你
1 F" @) D9 Z; |% [4 f) f: m f的期望也就越大。”
8 q' l9 S2 u- O) }
1 t* Z( ~% J4 a5 ^7 x3 V0 BWhen you consider what those of us here in this Yard have been given – in tal
9 D8 R) m% q9 X( b4 a, |% yent, privilege, and opportunity – there is almost no limit to what the world 4 X! T& O- W( D6 H
has a right to expect from us.
& U: I# c9 f j7 z
@5 [8 T$ f* W' L想一想吧,我们在这个院子里的这些人,被给予过什么——天赋、特权、机遇——那么可
8 I6 S% y$ N7 i m以这样说,全世界的人们几乎有无限的权力,期待我们做出贡献。
$ j2 I3 }! I* @2 |0 _5 K3 ~5 \3 c5 ^' \' G
In line with the promise of this age, I want to exhort each of the graduates h
( f. x0 T! X) \" Q9 Yere to take on an issue – a complex problem, a deep inequity, and become a sp
$ q) M. P% j! wecialist on it. If you make it the focus of your career, that would be phenome 5 C9 Z" Y0 R, x
nal. But you don't have to do that to make an impact. For a few hours every we 5 d, y) l5 ^7 j8 s$ N2 e% v
ek, you can use the growing power of the Internet to get informed, find others , z5 j0 i/ D2 I& q2 H) h9 [
with the same interests, see the barriers, and find ways to cut through them. ( w' W# P% O- s6 Z! L ?; x
4 a6 ]5 t2 @$ R" O, O8 x5 x% A$ A& P/ C% o5 ]6 i; t
同这个时代的期望一样,我也要向今天各位毕业的同学提出一个忠告:你们要选择一个问 6 S5 `. j# b2 T; Y7 F
题,一个复杂的问题,一个有关于人类深刻的不平等的问题,然后你们要变成这个问题的
+ g: `4 f& L8 w \. @- i0 g专家。如果你们能够使得这个问题成为你们职业的核心,那么你们就会非常杰出。但是, # w! {$ v. c) z" ~+ c/ E
你们不必一定要去做那些大事。每个星期只用几个小时,你就可以通过互联网得到信息, ( ^+ b! b" k U8 P8 H5 f
找到志同道合的朋友,发现困难所在,找到解决它们的途径。 % M' I3 |1 J: O$ @) }3 U( N* @! R' U
5 n5 T& P: m0 F% Y, a
Don't let complexity stop you. Be activists. Take on the big inequities. It wi * G& }% H( @' x* _
ll be one of the great experiences of your lives. 7 \8 K& c( v# e% U4 V- J
7 A( D3 b1 y0 j- a6 c# u1 E# @, t
不要让这个世界的复杂性阻碍你前进。要成为一个行动主义者。将解决人类的不平等视为 - h6 }2 o- V3 J& k5 P
己任。它将成为你生命中最重要的经历之一。
$ L U! k& S. j* E7 _. O8 U* n
) u9 N* @/ X1 RYou graduates are coming of age in an amazing time. As you leave Harvard, you 6 _) z3 s U, j! K$ B3 _
have technology that members of my class never had. You have awareness of glob " d# E% ?# t: @# ]
al inequity, which we did not have. And with that awareness, you likely also h L$ Z) ]! O4 k6 ]; p7 H
ave an informed conscience that will torment you if you abandon these people w
3 a& ~9 l ^; w, rhose lives you could change with very little effort. You have more than we had 8 _2 Y3 q: ?2 L3 Q% r: p
; you must start sooner, and carry on longer. 0 F7 I" G# s& \" ?6 Q9 `+ q
# ^# D0 W9 d, D% B; r# B, u/ B1 U# g4 d在座的各位毕业的同学,你们所处的时代是一个神奇的时代。当你们离开哈佛的时候,你
4 `% h- Y$ X/ f' X }: {. a们拥有的技术,是我们那一届学生所没有的。你们已经了解到了世界上的不平等,我们那 ; ^2 Q+ I7 y" G" H
时还不知道这些。有了这样的了解之后,要是你再弃那些你可以帮助的人们于不顾,就将
2 \9 M7 ^, R3 j5 p. y% O* o受到良心的谴责,只需一点小小的努力,你就可以改变那些人们的生活。你们比我们拥有 " e) a# s0 J2 x
更大的能力;你们必须尽早开始,尽可能长时期坚持下去。
; e7 v7 }& i" t: t7 j9 W* p# p& D2 A6 b S( A* f8 H
Knowing what you know, how could you not? 6 R) D( j- V% j& i+ t2 [+ z
' F* k6 K( T- g知道了你们所知道的一切,你们怎么可能不采取行动呢?
, I9 b; j- t" K' f; W0 U% r
2 K% e+ i- |9 @" i5 PAnd I hope you will come back here to Harvard 30 years from now and reflect on 9 W1 ~5 {! R' Z' Y. C; u2 c
what you have done with your talent and your energy. I hope you will judge yo
/ {6 g7 Y G- h, x4 purselves not on your professional accomplishments alone, but also on how well
/ F9 n( Z6 q) s& Kyou have addressed the world's deepest inequities … on how well you treated p
6 Y1 B' ?9 L' _0 m8 Xeople a world away who have nothing in common with you but their humanity.
) v0 m, T: W- p2 f) J& s+ q4 C- U2 } T: ?' p5 L: Z) o, y
我希望,30年后你们还会再回到哈佛,想起你们用自己的天赋和能力所做出的一切。我希 6 N$ }; q* M+ c
望,在那个时候,你们用来评价自己的标准,不仅仅是你们的专业成就,而包括你们为改 % z/ L, ]; P; C' D2 [
变这个世界深刻的不平等所做出的努力,以及你们如何善待那些远隔千山万水、与你们毫 1 `3 j% s, M: ~, ^% w2 w' M
不涉及的人们,你们与他们唯一的共同点就是同为人类。 |
|