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2008-11-02 01:02:11 来自: lightpie(上次登录还是1.5年前.....)
2 O+ [+ E0 X) d$ R比尔·盖茨在哈佛大学毕业典礼上的演讲 / _) g* I" ^& @% t" c4 O
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2007年6月7日
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阮一峰 译 ' Q% I+ w, @( t# N
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President Bok, former President Rudenstine, incoming President Faust, members 1 ^- B+ X6 ?' E
of the Harvard Corporation and the Board of Overseers, members of the faculty, " G. x0 Q; U7 q8 B. X# k4 |
parents, and especially, the graduates:
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3 h" |7 S, }/ X0 ?8 g6 f尊敬的Bok校长,Rudenstine前校长,即将上任的Faust校长,哈佛集团的各位成员,监管
6 Q: K- q* j! T0 N4 |0 K+ c理事会的各位理事,各位老师,各位家长,各位同学:
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/ h6 e0 z) w# uI've been waiting more than 30 years to say this: "Dad, I always told you I'd
/ I' r: O$ u: r& Ccome back and get my degree."
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1 Q# y: \7 P0 V! s% g9 r有一句话我等了三十年,现在终于可以说了:“老爸,我总是跟你说,我会回来拿到我的
% L, \( l! ~' |2 u6 `3 g学位的!”
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8 P: h/ B6 S! z, n* A. J0 kI want to thank Harvard for this timely honor. I'll be changing my job next ye 7 w, y7 \% I' j: ~6 v5 W( W6 ^
ar … and it will be nice to finally have a college degree on my resume. : ^* Z) R0 S. p% T _5 t
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我要感谢哈佛大学在这个时候给我这个荣誉。明年,我就要换工作了(注:指从微软公司 0 h6 u" Z3 l5 e" v# A
退休)……我终于可以在简历上写我有一个本科学位,这真是不错啊。 # n' J: b& V! g
$ }! E/ s, b% _7 ^9 nI applaud the graduates today for taking a much more direct route to your degr 2 U- L; j o' Y( m
ees. For my part, I'm just happy that the Crimson has called me "Harvard's mos
" z" i- @# J) jt successful dropout." I guess that makes me valedictorian of my own special c 0 c8 z8 L1 ^/ V. h1 F5 _0 k0 T8 I
lass … I did the best of everyone who failed. ' h: @3 d4 ]/ I, H# p1 l: X; P
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我为今天在座的各位同学感到高兴,你们拿到学位可比我简单多了。哈佛的校报称我是“
0 a2 O# i* ~& O4 }6 F, C哈佛大学历史上最成功的辍学生”。我想这大概使我有资格代表我这一类学生发言……在 1 @, w$ c: d _) w/ ]* n
所有的失败者里,我做得最好。 $ y" ~3 m, O$ F; g
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But I also want to be recognized as the guy who got Steve Ballmer to drop out o( z9 ?9 } K w! {
of business school. I'm a bad influence. That's why I was invited to speak at ( W: u( s: R! p+ v2 R% H
your graduation. If I had spoken at your orientation, fewer of you might be he $ ]! ?5 [4 k; S, i
re today. 4 A) v' @) x$ B2 l1 Q' a! z
# r; j. Y( w1 T d9 K( [: h但是,我还要提醒大家,我使得Steve Ballmer(注:微软总经理)也从哈佛商学院退学了 . g' K8 K/ @; a% }3 V
。因此,我是个有着恶劣影响力的人。这就是为什么我被邀请来在你们的毕业典礼上演讲
( d! i0 E; b3 Z6 t0 g4 r。如果我在你们入学欢迎仪式上演讲,那么能够坚持到今天在这里毕业的人也许会少得多 ; X; w1 Y _( L* R2 [
吧。
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$ e; P$ ]; R1 l" s* b' \Harvard was just a phenomenal experience for me. Academic life was fascinating
7 m+ v8 W3 {) p: r% Z% W) r4 i9 y& b. I used to sit in on lots of classes I hadn't even signed up for. And dorm li
% e# ~" {! L' U& L7 p) L7 Ffe was terrific. I lived up at Radcliffe, in Currier House. There were always 9 d L8 j7 o) C: s- B+ t# L
lots of people in my dorm room late at night discussing things, because everyo
% G c$ k/ @/ C+ b5 h: C: Zne knew I didn't worry about getting up in the morning. That's how I came to b $ u0 j+ R3 a% C) b/ @9 _2 f( X
e the leader of the anti-social group. We clung to each other as a way of vali
: T" r: {" b0 L; V% [dating our rejection of all those social people.
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对我来说,哈佛的求学经历是一段非凡的经历。校园生活很有趣,我常去旁听我没选修的
3 j! h: v9 c* q$ G, j4 w% F课。哈佛的课外生活也很棒,我在Radcliffe过着逍遥自在的日子。每天我的寝室里总有很
' S/ } X& k* f1 B) D! ?& e多人一直待到半夜,讨论着各种事情。因为每个人都知道我从不考虑第二天早起。这使得
9 t7 q4 Z, N: r8 Z& h6 M0 g: A我变成了校园里那些不安分学生的头头,我们互相粘在一起,做出一种拒绝所有正常学生 ) |) W3 B) G4 q. m
的姿态。 7 W7 h% r: f) b
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Radcliffe was a great place to live. There were more women up there, and most
! ?, F! J* B. s; Lof the guys were science-math types. That combination offered me the best odds 6 @6 u: Y: F, ?4 u$ w
, if you know what I mean. This is where I learned the sad lesson that improvi + E# F' o8 F* Y* x4 Y* Z+ t
ng your odds doesn't guarantee success.
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" @. {* Q. H C6 w- ZRadcliffe是个过日子的好地方。那里的女生比男生多,而且大多数男生都是理工科的。这 b+ w: N; u6 u' M
种状况为我创造了最好的机会,如果你们明白我的意思。可惜的是,我正是在这里学到了
% M) W* m% \% e人生中悲伤的一课:机会大,并不等于你就会成功。 % I. p$ @+ [0 k# H' h6 ]+ S0 A/ X# M
" `/ c0 J' u% TOne of my biggest memories of Harvard came in January 1975, when I made a call * ]9 n1 H+ r( A9 X z+ f
from Currier House to a company in Albuquerque that had begun making the worl & d# `1 }+ ^6 b0 Y* }! X- k
d's first personal computers. I offered to sell them software. $ }2 K6 f. q- _6 D- @3 o
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我在哈佛最难忘的回忆之一,发生在1975年1月。那时,我从宿舍楼里给位于Albuquerque $ C* j" O, ?- _4 c" F1 V. y
的一家公司打了一个电话,那家公司已经在着手制造世界上第一台个人电脑。我提出想向
8 [2 t) k# X" \+ T他们出售软件。
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2 i) |4 r9 {- E5 G4 O( Y X9 FI worried that they would realize I was just a student in a dorm and hang up o 6 a) U1 {& ?+ t, M+ R( o7 Z* ~7 X: `/ e
n me. Instead they said: "We're not quite ready, come see us in a month," whic
( y' ], f% w7 [* l3 Mh was a good thing, because we hadn't written the software yet. From that mome
6 B8 T2 N6 M* ^- x; gnt, I worked day and night on this little extra credit project that marked the
& d2 a# Z) `" Q2 j5 u! @; rend of my college education and the beginning of a remarkable journey with Mi 0 w7 w5 i2 o+ d1 e
crosoft.
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8 m; O5 `6 Q7 d) j2 m- A5 m5 A我很担心,他们会发觉我是一个住在宿舍的学生,从而挂断电话。但是他们却说:“我们
# ?* g' O9 Z8 x2 F还没准备好,一个月后你再来找我们吧。”这是个好消息,因为那时软件还根本没有写出 ) n& a7 R3 h. j' x1 t+ R
来呢。就是从那个时候起,我日以继夜地在这个小小的课外项目上工作,这导致了我学生
/ ?; J7 Y; o3 [" ]. @% F; Y生活的结束,以及通往微软公司的不平凡的旅程的开始。 / K: R$ y# q& D3 Z9 r0 U" g
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What I remember above all about Harvard was being in the midst of so much ener % j) j5 B( u ~% q; ]$ t% z
gy and intelligence. It could be exhilarating, intimidating, sometimes even di
0 ^0 Q+ T/ @! p) u: @7 jscouraging, but always challenging. It was an amazing privilege – and though
5 t4 N \) C6 D. ]$ H4 X& ~. e% X! `. CI left early, I was transformed by my years at Harvard, the friendships I made $ L9 v% Q( b: P& Y2 m1 K9 }
, and the ideas I worked on. ' I `" g- F- T0 `
! L1 |6 Y4 V5 f" N' E不管怎样,我对哈佛的回忆主要都与充沛的精力和智力活动有关。哈佛的生活令人愉快,
3 e, b' _# `' s- K- K也令人感到有压力,有时甚至会感到泄气,但永远充满了挑战性。生活在哈佛是一种吸引 ' m' X' I) [- h. c$ K9 V6 |7 }
人的特殊待遇……虽然我离开得比较早,但是我在这里的经历、在这里结识的朋友、在这
$ f/ ^" E6 t- A) y: {里发展起来的一些想法,永远地改变了我。 + ?/ K- S+ h2 r8 C) v7 n# r
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But taking a serious look back … I do have one big regret.
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9 b. U' g" o# h4 T3 |但是,如果现在严肃地回忆起来,我确实有一个真正的遗憾。
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. s! c$ Z# n: k) H' @I left Harvard with no real awareness of the awful inequities in the world –
0 D6 t3 s+ |7 s2 \; uthe appalling disparities of health, and wealth, and opportunity that condemn
% e! w# g! s7 T) zmillions of people to lives of despair. ( m- n. A4 {; X0 G, K
; D- N: A( o0 U+ N9 N6 a我离开哈佛的时候,根本没有意识到这个世界是多么的不平等。人类在健康、财富和机遇
- h( }& j1 D3 N8 G8 _9 ?上的不平等大得可怕,它们使得无数的人们被迫生活在绝望之中。
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5 L" Z! ]( U1 P. B$ GI learned a lot here at Harvard about new ideas in economics and politics. I g
2 z6 a" z, o9 G& l$ z- Y6 Bot great exposure to the advances being made in the sciences. . l; H" A- c2 ]. `' U
2 P5 _4 Q3 W" n, T8 [& h我在哈佛学到了很多经济学和政治学的新思想。我也了解了很多科学上的新进展。 0 O) v0 c* y# ]6 w! [
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But humanity's greatest advances are not in its discoveries – but in how thos
7 ?% M. a* `( J3 U8 [( [e discoveries are applied to reduce inequity. Whether through democracy, stron ( w, n/ L$ ~6 @# {( F
g public education, quality health care, or broad economic opportunity – redu
( i" i6 g% }" B* l {+ y8 c/ Q V Jcing inequity is the highest human achievement.
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4 g1 u m! O& P; Y但是,人类最大的进步并不来自于这些发现,而是来自于那些有助于减少人类不平等的发 " W0 @- [/ ?( k3 L
现。不管通过何种手段——民主制度、健全的公共教育体系、高质量的医疗保健、还是广
% a! u9 z* ?9 m6 x! Y泛的经济机会——减少不平等始终是人类最大的成就。 0 q$ Y7 A3 A+ h+ Q0 x7 a
/ z- a& Z- L3 N* @. T. Z1 f. t/ a# |I left campus knowing little about the millions of young people cheated out of
( F* g' H( x# P% ]/ _( \# Q zeducational opportunities here in this country. And I knew nothing about the . B1 r& p, \" E M x, o* |
millions of people living in unspeakable poverty and disease in developing cou
w7 P$ H3 H% `" ]- e- Lntries.
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0 } d# r' F k0 \8 d我离开校园的时候,根本不知道在这个国家里,有几百万的年轻人无法获得接受教育的机
! R% W: g5 W: o' w2 c会。我也不知道,发展中国家里有无数的人们生活在无法形容的贫穷和疾病之中。
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It took me decades to find out.
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我花了几十年才明白了这些事情。
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You graduates came to Harvard at a different time. You know more about the wor " ^+ C3 }3 I7 n0 K: {
ld's inequities than the classes that came before. In your years here, I hope ' {1 G) ~8 w: b. Z" e4 i6 S. i
you've had a chance to think about how – in this age of accelerating technolo
2 \: t; ?* F: y+ s. _gy – we can finally take on these inequities, and we can solve them.
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- `/ v; ~1 l* [在座的各位同学,你们是在与我不同的时代来到哈佛的。你们比以前的学生,更多地了解
% l# R* ]' R+ w5 f9 L6 |世界是怎样的不平等。在你们的哈佛求学过程中,我希望你们已经思考过一个问题,那就
6 \5 r6 X, w# ?$ l2 R" s& L是在这个新技术加速发展的时代,我们怎样最终应对这种不平等,以及我们怎样来解决这
9 G9 M* D# r& U个问题。 9 k; L7 x5 f: y9 |1 p3 O P8 l
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Imagine, just for the sake of discussion, that you had a few hours a week and % g/ Y b, Z" P3 [
a few dollars a month to donate to a cause – and you wanted to spend that tim ' ^! g" d& D) n) m5 Q( P9 A" I
e and money where it would have the greatest impact in saving and improving li + d/ o/ g s$ Q/ y+ u; i
ves. Where would you spend it?
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5 s7 v* G9 h, e为了讨论的方便,请想象一下,假如你每个星期可以捐献一些时间、每个月可以捐献一些 ( L* m* C5 |! M6 y3 W
钱——你希望这些时间和金钱,可以用到对拯救生命和改善人类生活有最大作用的地方。 # p' |( l i8 S# I
你会选择什么地方?
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For Melinda and for me, the challenge is the same: how can we do the most good " e" ?& S; q) h6 W$ |0 S# a; Y
for the greatest number with the resources we have. 5 u* D3 y' _% u
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对Melinda(注:盖茨的妻子)和我来说,这也是我们面临的问题:我们如何能将我们拥有 + z4 }2 `1 y% ]2 H4 j
的资源发挥出最大的作用。
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) D; J+ y; X+ {5 A- j4 PDuring our discussions on this question, Melinda and I read an article about t 1 |0 l G/ Z- x* K3 M* v% K
he millions of children who were dying every year in poor countries from disea
" L9 R) X: ]6 q# h9 [ses that we had long ago made harmless in this country. Measles, malaria, pneu
$ N5 a5 a! U2 i+ ]7 mmonia, hepatitis B, yellow fever. One disease I had never even heard of, rotav
2 i% p: X( N, G; r# b2 x2 R1 Zirus, was killing half a million kids each year – none of them in the United
' @6 ^" o* P$ T# RStates.
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在讨论过程中,Melinda和我读到了一篇文章,里面说在那些贫穷的国家,每年有数百万的
J5 w: c- Y4 C0 g儿童死于那些在美国早已不成问题的疾病。麻疹、疟疾、肺炎、乙型肝炎、黄热病、还有 ' X. \3 K, ], B y
一种以前我从未听说过的轮状病毒,这些疾病每年导致50万儿童死亡,但是在美国一例死
9 l; G& k7 k9 x: u亡病例也没有。 ! J- C& O) h% ^- E
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We were shocked. We had just assumed that if millions of children were dying a
7 e. \& L9 k( ~: Ind they could be saved, the world would make it a priority to discover and del
% R+ V- k; z' Tiver the medicines to save them. But it did not. For under a dollar, there wer
6 Q o! N$ f0 S# o: Re interventions that could save lives that just weren't being delivered.
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s2 U( j8 G8 ~/ e8 U我们被震惊了。我们想,如果几百万儿童正在死亡线上挣扎,而且他们是可以被挽救的, $ Q. O7 |, S5 Q! @% T
那么世界理应将用药物拯救他们作为头等大事。但是事实并非如此。那些价格还不到一美 2 L3 H% s! x& A5 b
元的救命的药剂,并没有送到他们的手中。
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: u4 E4 t; u/ W3 M: a5 CIf you believe that every life has equal value, it's revolting to learn that s
; q; X8 M# V1 Wome lives are seen as worth saving and others are not. We said to ourselves: "
9 C7 K3 {4 N4 W9 v& ?$ PThis can't be true. But if it is true, it deserves to be the priority of our g
' y4 o9 L$ n: u" p# Yiving."
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如果你相信每个生命都是平等的,那么当你发现某些生命被挽救了,而另一些生命被放弃 3 f9 G" U# v% Y3 `, j
了,你会感到无法接受。我们对自己说:“事情不可能如此。如果这是真的,那么它理应 9 B0 G# } d; B6 l$ M& I
是我们努力的头等大事。” ?4 \$ c) q0 o/ }/ F
! \5 w* k" ~! b1 C6 jSo we began our work in the same way anyone here would begin it. We asked: "Ho ( X( h* U* g8 W/ M- U- ]6 I
w could the world let these children die?"
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# s& k3 X5 q2 o; V* E4 p5 a; z所以,我们用任何人都会想到的方式开始工作。我们问:“这个世界怎么可以眼睁睁看着
/ v: ~9 a+ ?) \ E; O% q! N这些孩子死去?”
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" d2 L3 l7 ~- Y) p# Z9 |+ bThe answer is simple, and harsh. The market did not reward saving the lives of 0 Q% r$ d$ c- G+ L
these children, and governments did not subsidize it. So the children died be
) f. X l+ P$ a, n( E* ~cause their mothers and their fathers had no power in the market and no voice " T+ |& A" }4 H5 L5 B, H, U
in the system. ) X+ S* k) z* }+ ~8 ?, n" x7 D* i
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答案很简单,也很令人难堪。在市场经济中,拯救儿童是一项没有利润的工作,政府也不
6 d7 t. S6 u* q9 o( R4 s. T% a& @会提供补助。这些儿童之所以会死亡,是因为他们的父母在经济上没有实力,在政治上没 + O$ ^/ Y% w) z$ f+ l: O
有能力发出声音。 ) U) [; f0 r ~' B
1 `' }5 ^/ k+ c9 g) |But you and I have both. 1 n4 d4 ~' B0 m+ a+ U D
1 o% z6 h/ Z: P( o2 X) e但是,你们和我在经济上有实力,在政治上能够发出声音。 * }0 O+ X* ]! M0 P1 ^
* u6 A. v6 L- L; bWe can make market forces work better for the poor if we can develop a more cr ; a7 W4 A" _5 i. y3 N
eative capitalism – if we can stretch the reach of market forces so that more u6 l. x0 @1 ~ e. l
people can make a profit, or at least make a living, serving people who are s
( } @/ e7 J* a5 \' A/ T0 huffering from the worst inequities. We also can press governments around the w " Z) c t: T- A, k5 H4 i0 P
orld to spend taxpayer money in ways that better reflect the values of the peo
) ]. x$ D5 u: K0 u) Y0 N. A uple who pay the taxes. , N, a# \+ V9 r' @8 e" q
, c9 ^5 o- k& ^% c
我们可以让市场更好地为穷人服务,如果我们能够设计出一种更有创新性的资本主义制度
! i4 |5 x8 I! F* \——如果我们可以改变市场,让更多的人可以获得利润,或者至少可以维持生活——那么
/ V' ^. J1 i& f' D. a: n' r8 l8 g,这就可以帮到那些正在极端不平等的状况中受苦的人们。我们还可以向全世界的政府施
7 O9 b; q6 U9 f压,要求他们将纳税人的钱,花到更符合纳税人价值观的地方。
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+ u- _1 ?! ^5 U# i" e. g- t9 {If we can find approaches that meet the needs of the poor in ways that generat
3 v. U! r* N5 e4 j4 |e profits for business and votes for politicians, we will have found a sustain
' V- L$ l _% ?% f v( o! B {& A: Gable way to reduce inequity in the world. This task is open-ended. It can neve
, p* \6 I+ B/ G, K2 Z( E7 B% ]" Nr be finished. But a conscious effort to answer this challenge will change the ) y" |+ Q8 ^9 t, C, q; x k
world. + c* m* J+ N( P! \
; {+ _4 V% F$ t2 d" ^ s2 {
如果我们能够找到这样一种方法,既可以帮到穷人,又可以为商人带来利润,为政治家带 # f. f3 N4 |( E& u/ s
来选票,那么我们就找到了一种减少世界性不平等的可持续的发展道路。这个任务是无限
5 @5 T* H* y, {8 R( o+ j5 r! q的。它不可能被完全完成,但是任何自觉地解决这个问题的尝试,都将会改变这个世界。
4 |: a/ ]( C) ]
$ f' F1 z, I* `9 {6 ]4 o2 C
5 ]) r4 J( X+ b6 h2 K. T8 G; n: O$ ~I am optimistic that we can do this, but I talk to skeptics who claim there is 2 Y) W$ j" [2 f& ^8 R& D$ a
no hope. They say: "Inequity has been with us since the beginning, and will b
, y* p. T: R5 O; u! d* Y$ Pe with us till the end – because people just … don't … care." I completely
7 n) t' t" W, V& w7 [! e5 idisagree. / L L# ~8 Z' |: P) ?
3 v) H% F$ ]. z8 Y) h在这个问题上,我是乐观的。但是,我也遇到过那些感到绝望的怀疑主义者。他们说:“ `1 q, m7 b, G4 j
不平等从人类诞生的第一天就存在,到人类灭亡的最后一天也将存在。——因为人类对这
& N+ B/ |: V' {3 u9 O H个问题根本不在乎。”我完全不能同意这种观点。
( h( G0 E2 G* @5 G3 a
1 ?2 A& g3 Y, a! vI believe we have more caring than we know what to do with. ; e+ S: u4 N2 m! Q. ]4 r
( N7 ?: \ ]& y: S- E6 [
我相信,问题不是我们不在乎,而是我们不知道怎么做。
! k. u. R9 H" N* }
. ]: T3 W9 ~) b9 JAll of us here in this Yard, at one time or another, have seen human tragedies
7 y4 v/ P# Y" N( ?* jthat broke our hearts, and yet we did nothing – not because we didn't care,
q. l) O8 d! g$ O) \but because we didn't know what to do. If we had known how to help, we would h
" m4 f+ y9 y) @% q6 Zave acted. 9 a7 q/ c6 p1 ~
5 g+ V, i r0 W4 e此刻在这个院子里的所有人,生命中总有这样或那样的时刻,目睹人类的悲剧,感到万分 $ v0 W( q: f6 s" N
伤心。但是我们什么也没做,并非我们无动于衷,而是因为我们不知道做什么和怎么做。
5 }7 |# ~5 K6 W; F0 n& M如果我们知道如何做是有效的,那么我们就会采取行动。 9 p. L4 N- u% a" C5 t
1 N9 j9 ~& x$ M8 a. w
The barrier to change is not too little caring; it is too much complexity. # ~ R5 d" N9 z0 X1 A" P( i6 q) h
- }2 l L6 v9 V改变世界的阻碍,并非人类的冷漠,而是世界实在太复杂。
5 i6 }" Z8 r2 \7 c/ N2 m7 M* C2 a6 ^6 Q; X8 |6 m5 B
To turn caring into action, we need to see a problem, see a solution, and see
* x8 d* j" f. m: j8 w5 m# Kthe impact. But complexity blocks all three steps.
8 C) }$ ~9 G/ Y U! q9 |) r9 X
/ C E/ {9 Y# z为了将关心转变为行动,我们需要找到问题,发现解决办法的方法,评估后果。但是世界
2 k. z7 ^+ P. ~; m的复杂性使得所有这些步骤都难于做到。 " v5 g. S: v" n" y- M& L
_' Z. {3 {; N; M4 zEven with the advent of the Internet and 24-hour news, it is still a complex e : r3 G) A/ G8 t, T% B1 P! O- j
nterprise to get people to truly see the problems. When an airplane crashes, o 4 I- A& H0 L- `6 z4 b0 C- a
fficials immediately call a press conference. They promise to investigate, det
2 e* ?3 C9 L b0 G! H" }ermine the cause, and prevent similar crashes in the future.
% O8 X3 \2 y) \" M3 P- }' u0 c$ @& Q
即使有了互联网和24小时直播的新闻台,让人们真正发现问题所在,仍然十分困难。当一
3 ?( p: ~6 T0 t; |( Q7 U0 R架飞机坠毁了,官员们会立刻召开新闻发布会,他们承诺进行调查、找到原因、防止将来
: {" V' b, J8 V4 j9 q8 h再次发生类似事故。 # H! Q: u+ p( I+ M/ q9 l
4 G4 _, U! ^' z( `6 `But if the officials were brutally honest, they would say: "Of all the people
: h9 ]3 ^2 [6 J& ain the world who died today from preventable causes, one half of one percent o
, f# Q) l w$ \9 mf them were on this plane. We're determined to do everything possible to solve
|2 {% w$ V2 x0 s7 `3 Nthe problem that took the lives of the one half of one percent." 4 }8 u4 x4 j, ]6 d! \+ |% ?
, Z8 o7 D4 d) G0 N; A- m但是如果那些官员敢说真话,他们就会说:“在今天这一天,全世界所有可以避免的死亡
. Q* |4 m9 x( \9 ]- \& w之中,只有0.5%的死者来自于这次空难。我们决心尽一切努力,调查这个0.5%的死亡原因 ( Z( A; o, a9 G0 T, K
。”
: y1 k7 _& b# J" `, f
2 x- k0 d1 e: F, B1 ]& b4 V. RThe bigger problem is not the plane crash, but the millions of preventable dea
4 U! n+ F& b. ^( q, k( {! S2 Dths.
1 V) L7 ~) p# E& Y3 @+ [; c+ r1 ]7 S. f, \2 K: m/ h
显然,更重要的问题不是这次空难,而是其他几百万可以预防的死亡事件。
8 E) \* G, B/ s) y0 M. M; p, y1 V3 A9 Q6 @
We don't read much about these deaths. The media covers what's new – and mill
' Z2 c8 c2 [+ R# P# aions of people dying is nothing new. So it stays in the background, where it's % c# Q- X. g% N+ B% K
easier to ignore. But even when we do see it or read about it, it's difficult
3 ^6 F2 E4 j0 J& }1 vto keep our eyes on the problem. It's hard to look at suffering if the situat
+ h! M8 ~! w* E. l4 Z7 N8 V$ Iion is so complex that we don't know how to help. And so we look away.
2 n! B& P% E* p) W$ d8 Y
& j/ o8 Y) K2 @, b3 I我们并没有很多机会了解那些死亡事件。媒体总是报告新闻,几百万人将要死去并非新闻 i0 n/ D) k) d& Q9 C* g( y: r
。如果没有人报道,那么这些事件就很容易被忽视。另一方面,即使我们确实目睹了事件 ) P/ y7 d( v, N& L- N! y1 N8 P8 f
本身或者看到了相关报道,我们也很难持续关注这些事件。看着他人受苦是令人痛苦的,
) h, ?7 o E, T何况问题又如此复杂,我们根本不知道如何去帮助他人。所以我们会将脸转过去。
% ?" V7 L/ Q2 k) @/ v6 r& h) m8 v5 K, H7 s. i8 e
If we can really see a problem, which is the first step, we come to the second
7 v+ b4 y5 a6 j3 H" v0 Y* p% }step: cutting through the complexity to find a solution. " M3 V8 ~0 i& m2 k
, R; Y" v. ?" @8 J1 V
就算我们真正发现了问题所在,也不过是迈出了第一步,接着还有第二步:那就是从复杂 % e8 q( G! ~/ P4 V( ]2 j; B) [
的事件中找到解决办法。
* l' ~; H! n5 G7 c6 V
+ u, ]! w" m6 w0 y$ M3 `0 s8 I2 s$ zFinding solutions is essential if we want to make the most of our caring. If w ! W( A7 ?6 z4 E- V8 J% }
e have clear and proven answers anytime an organization or individual asks "Ho
9 J! F2 w( M' `3 e) Ew can I help?," then we can get action – and we can make sure that none of th
. ]4 A5 q9 `" J; x O0 De caring in the world is wasted. But complexity makes it hard to mark a path o / O3 |& V6 f2 m% I2 g/ L a# R1 a
f action for everyone who cares — and that makes it hard for their caring to
$ I- t! Z; |) ? nmatter.
% P: z! _- M. y9 ?% ^' t0 g% b( w+ U8 |% H$ R
如果我们要让关心落到实处,我们就必须找到解决办法。如果我们有一个清晰的和可靠的
^# ^% i4 y) s/ S答案,那么当任何组织和个人发出疑问“如何我能提供帮助”的时候,我们就能采取行动 7 D4 s+ f5 y- v x- t* t% r9 b) E
。我们就能够保证不浪费一丁点全世界人类对他人的关心。但是,世界的复杂性使得很难 5 f! u4 ^% K2 t4 Z3 v- {2 q
找到对全世界每一个有爱心的人都有效的行动方法,因此人类对他人的关心往往很难产生 0 x* R! i& @3 @( H
实际效果。
; b: f" z }1 x' |$ Z7 A3 k( @& H1 `
Cutting through complexity to find a solution runs through four predictable st ; Z, w9 m5 g9 h# F
ages: determine a goal, find the highest-leverage approach, discover the ideal
: H4 \2 ~( ]8 P( Atechnology for that approach, and in the meantime, make the smartest applicat
$ T2 y# E$ X- b% Nion of the technology that you already have — whether it's something sophisti : v ]" K+ ]2 ~# E3 S; L z3 g
cated, like a drug, or something simpler, like a bednet. 4 V; i8 {/ D2 F0 B
3 \: ?$ f: E% o' [0 N: b1 R% j9 ~
从这个复杂的世界中找到解决办法,可以分为四个步骤:确定目标,找到最高效的方法,
% ^8 V7 Z M" x' ^2 H. n2 `发现适用于这个方法的新技术,同时最聪明地利用现有的技术,不管它是复杂的药物,还
6 ]/ f- |4 g6 m7 c7 f* @是最简单的蚊帐。
l( S m J4 L0 n: g* B e+ }
The AIDS epidemic offers an example. The broad goal, of course, is to end the
( V/ H' o9 }% H+ M6 \; cdisease. The highest-leverage approach is prevention. The ideal technology wou * v3 h1 t( R5 V
ld be a vaccine that gives lifetime immunity with a single dose. So government * I/ n, s5 b& Z& J9 M) Y
s, drug companies, and foundations fund vaccine research. But their work is li
7 n. p( B8 H* xkely to take more than a decade, so in the meantime, we have to work with what
& ~3 y8 U$ A mwe have in hand – and the best prevention approach we have now is getting pe
/ W! v+ C" p/ Q, I5 |ople to avoid risky behavior.
7 {. B* d7 B! z( H. A# W- r, w6 H! B& }& }# ]
艾滋病就是一个例子。总的目标,毫无疑问是消灭这种疾病。最高效的方法是预防。最理 " X! A6 b2 |( x; }) x# t$ W
想的技术是发明一种疫苗,只要注射一次,就可以终生免疫。所以,政府、制药公司、基
, ?# C) q" M) T8 o! V2 W- i金会应该资助疫苗研究。但是,这样研究工作很可能十年之内都无法完成。因此,与此同 / Z6 _9 o, `5 S; y, ^1 V
时,我们必须使用现有的技术,目前最有效的预防方法就是设法让人们避免那些危险的行 / f I) C9 \, O/ J0 _
为。 / @3 X: M" D9 F
4 P7 s+ v- M/ m: |9 T
Pursuing that goal starts the four-step cycle again. This is the pattern. The 9 _7 e0 b& s7 C/ e, t
crucial thing is to never stop thinking and working – and never do what we di ! ^1 D, z7 i2 h- D4 m9 f; B7 `. s
d with malaria and tuberculosis in the 20th century – which is to surrender t ! {3 [/ `5 b4 Q V$ C9 o
o complexity and quit.
% D! B+ k! e- F, {( y1 w. `
5 g/ X& |; X* ~3 {$ B8 ?要实现这个新的目标,又可以采用新的四步循环。这是一种模式。关键的东西是永远不要
9 V1 \9 C1 h$ X e; x( L& ?停止思考和行动。我们千万不能再犯上个世纪在疟疾和肺结核上犯过的错误,那时我们因
9 F, q2 ?2 S) @: Y1 d为它们太复杂,而放弃了采取行动。
: E3 H- M' {0 k; f' C
4 }" S5 b) W# v( o$ s7 b7 qThe final step – after seeing the problem and finding an approach – is to me ) f& I% m( H$ }
asure the impact of your work and share your successes and failures so that ot / `; a5 O* ]/ e$ i: c
hers learn from your efforts.
% {! ?$ L7 A5 ^ N( I
9 R5 O3 d; G5 v- x5 [9 {) y j# A9 k在发现问题和找到解决方法之后,就是最后一步——评估工作结果,将你的成功经验或者 ; `* B2 H, i& \+ \
失败经验传播出去,这样其他人就可以从你的努力中有所收获。 4 r$ [" C6 b9 p Z
5 C, }7 d- a$ x! ~4 N: Q1 T" \# kYou have to have the statistics, of course. You have to be able to show that a ! O6 J1 K( s7 j% \0 }, _% _/ r
program is vaccinating millions more children. You have to be able to show a
3 {3 p; g8 F2 V' A: t* hdecline in the number of children dying from these diseases. This is essential
* ?1 ?" T. S+ W+ Wnot just to improve the program, but also to help draw more investment from b ) ^& r+ K" ?2 D% c4 g& }- b
usiness and government.
' r5 X8 I; O* ^' \" q8 q; K% ^4 G; D$ j- e; K0 K
当然,你必须有一些统计数字。你必须让他人知道,你的项目为几百万儿童新接种了疫苗 ) E* s6 z* y* L1 g" f
。你也必须让他人知道,儿童死亡人数下降了多少。这些都是很关键的,不仅有利于改善
6 J1 x$ c7 N; {* a项目效果,也有利于从商界和政府得到更多的帮助。
8 {: c1 a2 l4 _& m. K0 y& Z) l j X/ i/ P
But if you want to inspire people to participate, you have to show more than n # p8 F1 A) r1 l# P. |! Y
umbers; you have to convey the human impact of the work – so people can feel 0 D! y4 p! @. P
what saving a life means to the families affected.
' U9 E4 e4 I4 n/ k$ o2 P. |+ D. P, E- T; ?
但是,这些还不够,如果你想激励其他人参加你的项目,你就必须拿出更多的统计数字;
8 j' } [ E- z/ ~9 ^你必须展示你的项目的人性因素,这样其他人就会感到拯救一个生命,对那些处在困境中 0 ^# }' r) A& q- o$ X
的家庭到底意味着什么。
: f& X; o$ E: \8 B9 }' S2 H! B" b
- }; s5 @/ S& D2 j6 w+ q2 ?I remember going to Davos some years back and sitting on a global health panel % n, _6 w7 \5 D
that was discussing ways to save millions of lives. Millions! Think of the th
, N+ z- R) _3 D8 f* X1 krill of saving just one person's life – then multiply that by millions. … Ye
1 v$ n6 q- ^- I. l' }$ [7 @% J* Jt this was the most boring panel I've ever been on – ever. So boring even I c
$ C' H2 ?# I( o; T" Aouldn't bear it.
; z) @2 p5 m K) \! S ]1 S" t, Y+ D8 k3 D
几年前,我去瑞士达沃斯旁听一个全球健康问题论坛,会议的内容有关于如何拯救几百万
2 B5 ~* F+ N9 \: s( t条生命。天哪,是几百万!想一想吧,拯救一个人的生命已经让人何等激动,现在你要把 & P1 O: J- y* ~: L6 }
这种激动再乘上几百万倍……但是,不幸的是,这是我参加过的最最乏味的论坛,乏味到 * N3 ] g3 Q# j
我无法强迫自己听下去。 4 V- [% V: Y8 X E
1 }1 _, V. B( u. S# ^$ r% a, Q$ Z
What made that experience especially striking was that I had just come from an
: @6 d, s8 ~- e# a5 ~: X' R, D& v; {event where we were introducing version 13 of some piece of software, and we
) ?6 w" q- w: @" g1 {: K- M0 ?) `had people jumping and shouting with excitement. I love getting people excited
! l- X! h7 O- x/ y0 u4 ?about software – but why can't we generate even more excitement for saving l
% [) U4 Z2 |+ t3 fives?
2 N# O$ B M9 v }' z7 {
6 z1 [: x, a1 u% J7 j4 U! e那次经历之所以让我难忘,是因为之前我们刚刚发布了一个软件的第13个版本,我们让观 2 h' i) r! b7 s) G, m, K0 x
众激动得跳了起来,喊出了声。我喜欢人们因为软件而感到激动,那么我们为什么不能够 ! S: N9 h0 ~3 g4 S3 f! t
让人们因为能够拯救生命而感到更加激动呢?
x) w0 T4 Y% m% l* r
0 c3 I& R# S: e/ A: a) G& FYou can't get people excited unless you can help them see and feel the impact.
* M4 j9 n9 [3 Y) P: f( BAnd how you do that – is a complex question. 8 m5 M* p* u/ v
3 N! J2 P. v% C0 S4 _
除非你能够让人们看到或者感受到行动的影响力,否则你无法让人们激动。如何做到这一 4 B* P6 E+ ~8 _+ [* S: Z3 H
点,并不是一件简单的事。
4 L4 u8 B/ R3 [+ @
6 D9 G; T3 v" i% xStill, I'm optimistic. Yes, inequity has been with us forever, but the new too % T1 E% S- @: V7 f$ _
ls we have to cut through complexity have not been with us forever. They are n 4 O6 `# t8 b. A, X1 O2 U
ew – they can help us make the most of our caring – and that's why the futur
5 Q% y$ t# P+ k& ~e can be different from the past. 2 q4 V, v# }5 D- G! C- h P- P/ s( @
! s/ I2 O1 g' U3 s w; t同前面一样,在这个问题上,我依然是乐观的。不错,人类的不平等有史以来一直存在, " U, |0 G R1 M/ G4 c3 _
但是那些能够化繁为简的新工具,却是最近才出现的。这些新工具可以帮助我们,将人类 ) l$ T! m0 u8 N' W
的同情心发挥最大的作用,这就是为什么将来同过去是不一样的。
' l) ~- I) A% f" y8 C- j
1 O# d, U" r# P$ |# KThe defining and ongoing innovations of this age – biotechnology, the compute 0 b2 X) P1 z3 V1 a, K- Y$ P
r, the Internet – give us a chance we've never had before to end extreme pove
# L4 `% C' x# }/ t$ @6 e6 D2 C4 Drty and end death from preventable disease. $ O: ]% c' m& f6 E. `/ V1 f
0 S$ J% m" ]3 {0 |' |
这个时代无时无刻不在涌现出新的革新——生物技术,计算机,互联网——它们给了我们
6 Q6 C! b, S; _9 S W8 ~一个从未有过的机会,去终结那些极端的贫穷和非恶性疾病的死亡。
1 l+ a, M, N! v2 h3 x( o# d ~
2 e' a7 n( w& `$ \) Y x" b RSixty years ago, George Marshall came to this commencement and announced a pla * m* A- j4 e; F% u* c R4 ]
n to assist the nations of post-war Europe. He said: "I think one difficulty i
* x: o0 C+ q$ u7 gs that the problem is one of such enormous complexity that the very mass of fa ( _0 m4 k6 p! j
cts presented to the public by press and radio make it exceedingly difficult f 4 E/ f" I- @7 u; U V6 D: w# f
or the man in the street to reach a clear appraisement of the situation. It is
- Z- O3 C3 H! P j- E7 Pvirtually impossible at this distance to grasp at all the real significance o
! y9 o/ x; N, ], E; W7 [4 j" ?f the situation."
" e( G* _, K9 G: |) f7 S% i
9 e6 c; a2 p. a. F# M. h2 A( \& ?六十年前,乔治·马歇尔也是在这个地方的毕业典礼上,宣布了一个计划,帮助那些欧洲 - B/ T r' N* Q! w" Y
国家的战后建设。他说:“我认为,困难的一点是这个问题太复杂,报纸和电台向公众源
' \% q' W& z* ~9 E6 T源不断地提供各种事实,使得大街上的普通人极端难于清晰地判断形势。事实上,经过层
7 J5 g [" I' Z! P层传播,想要真正地把握形势,是根本不可能的。” 4 n. a, l2 v) h' f
0 y; d% E. _# ^# i4 S/ DThirty years after Marshall made his address, as my class graduated without me j% i. t& V% i' i; b
, technology was emerging that would make the world smaller, more open, more v ! ^1 Z) T" S3 {
isible, less distant.
1 F2 H1 A( V, x: Y, I; l6 I% B7 h0 ^9 S; K0 Q" r
马歇尔发表这个演讲之后的三十年,我那一届学生毕业,当然我不在其中。那时,新技术
% ~2 m) L' C" b- A6 _3 a& t) N刚刚开始萌芽,它们将使得这个世界变得更小、更开放、更容易看到、距离更近。
( d! O6 i! w1 G3 o6 u! j5 Z
& d) X4 a" H* \2 [* YThe emergence of low-cost personal computers gave rise to a powerful network t ( N/ X3 y0 c" o) @4 E' Q
hat has transformed opportunities for learning and communicating. 5 U5 r/ Y3 U0 [7 w& {
0 G6 L6 P+ F! e8 W7 ^
低成本的个人电脑的出现,使得一个强大的互联网有机会诞生,它为学习和交流提供了巨
7 G8 T1 K8 I9 }大的机会。
( J# a# v8 @' ~ R- d* O3 n. ^- [" n# e; t
The magical thing about this network is not just that it collapses distance an , Z K6 [ x W
d makes everyone your neighbor. It also dramatically increases the number of b
; e9 s: X" @! ~4 J' E; n' Xrilliant minds we can have working together on the same problem – and that sc
! ~1 k1 t2 \0 I3 y/ xales up the rate of innovation to a staggering degree. 5 y4 Q( q* c. T
) z) k$ U* }- R% z3 v) {
网络的神奇之处,不仅仅是它缩短了物理距离,使得天涯若比邻。它还极大地增加了怀有
5 r8 i9 F! J# I( Y共同想法的人们聚集在一起的机会,我们可以为了解决同一个问题,一起共同工作。这就
" e4 K1 ^! `- P8 i3 Z2 t- h大大加快了革新的进程,发展速度简直快得让人震惊。 : B3 R- W5 X3 L7 d
+ A! |' y! H, K! FAt the same time, for every person in the world who has access to this technol F% p, A" ^/ @
ogy, five people don't. That means many creative minds are left out of this di
! s& H: X; w1 cscussion -- smart people with practical intelligence and relevant experience w
1 \# N- C' c! z* C0 W g( Mho don't have the technology to hone their talents or contribute their ideas t 0 [1 i G6 R0 [* j: {2 Q
o the world.
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9 L2 Y/ @7 [4 w. w; ^! u0 Z与此同时,世界上有条件上网的人,只是全部人口的六分之一。这意味着,还有许多具有 / ], A( I( T9 W
创造性的人们,没有加入到我们的讨论中来。那些有着实际的操作经验和相关经历的聪明
. [: F9 S8 [% U* e" g人,却没有技术来帮助他们,将他们的天赋或者想法与全世界分享。
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# B/ L+ N) V, k4 O( BWe need as many people as possible to have access to this technology, because
% d, O* p; Q. V( c5 X5 g/ ~these advances are triggering a revolution in what human beings can do for one
3 ^/ K9 z+ \/ E" C9 j( ]another. They are making it possible not just for national governments, but f ( K+ I5 d% a+ G% v* L: r" v
or universities, corporations, smaller organizations, and even individuals to
1 t9 J; n. {. Lsee problems, see approaches, and measure the impact of their efforts to addre
* M ?. [. _( F- gss the hunger, poverty, and desperation George Marshall spoke of 60 years ago.
2 i5 P: Y+ {2 k: y( w$ E1 Z, s. e) T; I- P: z4 s# [6 e
! C, G0 x+ d1 C6 c6 t
我们需要尽可能地让更多的人有机会使用新技术,因为这些新技术正在引发一场革命,人 0 O/ b0 U* {' v. w) L: K- n
类将因此可以互相帮助。新技术正在创造一种可能,不仅是政府,还包括大学、公司、小
6 G9 j6 H1 T1 J) _, z) O5 T机构、甚至个人,能够发现问题所在、能够找到解决办法、能够评估他们努力的效果,去
: Z/ b, M& E8 A改变那些马歇尔六十年前就说到过的问题——饥饿、贫穷和绝望。
& Y$ Q% Z& t7 {3 {8 ] e4 {
6 F1 w- I5 c% {: a% x: r4 dMembers of the Harvard Family: Here in the Yard is one of the great collection
( w# Q) Z1 p/ m+ us of intellectual talent in the world. 4 t: H( [2 `& Y8 q# k6 [# i p# B
; K4 } F, E; k; _7 D哈佛是一个大家庭。这个院子里在场的人们,是全世界最有智力的人类群体之一。 7 B; M7 \9 U. t7 O
. c' Q# Y- S" w2 `5 N Y6 {! J
What for? ' u( ?; x0 G$ N( P) m
$ M c; t8 a! |! f我们可以做些什么? # b$ W- K9 ?9 o- x1 ^. F. l% d+ ~" U
, }1 L( w l3 }There is no question that the faculty, the alumni, the students, and the benef " k" W5 Q! N8 z$ k% M% J4 n6 D1 X
actors of Harvard have used their power to improve the lives of people here an " {1 X1 b% x1 b5 ^2 w' l3 k4 @: F
d around the world. But can we do more? Can Harvard dedicate its intellect to
7 P1 I" n' S- gimproving the lives of people who will never even hear its name?
4 I0 M6 R8 D6 n' J: C
, h* _- M, k* r2 I/ ~& P" _3 K毫无疑问,哈佛的老师、校友、学生和资助者,已经用他们的能力改善了全世界各地人们 + S! t) s( n0 e/ Q0 h
的生活。但是,我们还能够再做什么呢?有没有可能,哈佛的人们可以将他们的智慧,用 Q8 N$ `- x+ I; n
来帮助那些甚至从来没有听到过“哈佛”这个名字的人?
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9 o9 G1 u; ]/ y/ t8 f3 }Let me make a request of the deans and the professors – the intellectual lead $ n$ V+ a- W" y' }
ers here at Harvard: As you hire new faculty, award tenure, review curriculum,
* c$ U! Y+ S9 I; c2 d0 U) jand determine degree requirements, please ask yourselves:
3 A' ]7 H, s4 I2 m& G q; v9 E# S* U' U1 L. X/ s
请允许我向各位院长和教授,提出一个请求——你们是哈佛的智力领袖,当你们雇用新的 ) {9 r/ G9 ~5 u/ x
老师、授予终身教职、评估课程、决定学位颁发标准的时候,请问你们自己如下的问题:
; H( q, p; j4 t! u W2 y- {) x" N; O4 \5 }" D' s: q
- G% D! ]; e* r8 X: t( {# ^' vShould our best minds be dedicated to solving our biggest problems? 6 y9 D0 H8 c/ K8 p
' r& x, {, Q# |; _! u3 {
我们最优秀的人才是否在致力于解决我们最大的问题? * p3 j3 w( u* E4 i" i: \
# J& ]7 U( q$ t
Should Harvard encourage its faculty to take on the world's worst inequities?
) K4 o" G: N; \0 q* U7 X) XShould Harvard students learn about the depth of global poverty … the prevale
; ?5 V4 E B( c+ _/ nnce of world hunger … the scarcity of clean water …the girls kept out of sch
6 c9 i: s+ i. Jool … the children who die from diseases we can cure?
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' A4 H j$ W9 y& v5 G哈佛是否鼓励她的老师去研究解决世界上最严重的不平等?哈佛的学生是否从全球那些极 9 C5 c; o& U/ a* N7 r6 ^7 P
端的贫穷中学到了什么……世界性的饥荒……清洁的水资源的缺乏……无法上学的女童…
% q. T5 P( z: ~# m' `0 B…死于非恶性疾病的儿童……哈佛的学生有没有从中学到东西?
. I9 M8 e& V* V8 H' s' a' c4 h) ^ k
Should the world's most privileged people learn about the lives of the world's
( a8 l. \# U: W. P, }) B6 Xleast privileged? " O* y. L, T" _+ E' o0 [ O a* I
: S; A9 V3 V9 K- l8 i5 W1 D8 A
那些世界上过着最优越生活的人们,有没有从那些最困难的人们身上学到东西? , M/ n, X3 o0 Q: V% T
! T/ W) N& @% j0 tThese are not rhetorical questions – you will answer with your policies. / B V8 o8 @; f1 I- F. x
2 E$ ^/ q" A. _- i' Q; d
这些问题并非语言上的修辞。你必须用自己的行动来回答它们。
# v, c, U0 w. r0 O1 F% f; c! ?& P& C; d) U5 |, J& o7 k, [! u
My mother, who was filled with pride the day I was admitted here – never stop ' P% w: {8 @! ]0 v: M- D: Q1 Z+ j
ped pressing me to do more for others. A few days before my wedding, she hoste ) Z4 {% A# M2 u$ w# m' j2 ?
d a bridal event, at which she read aloud a letter about marriage that she had * I; c% y8 ^; U- g+ J8 ]
written to Melinda. My mother was very ill with cancer at the time, but she s
7 V* J# Q5 u9 ?# t' k3 faw one more opportunity to deliver her message, and at the close of the letter
- W' w3 B( h4 x- e" Kshe said: "From those to whom much is given, much is expected." ( K/ r3 U5 Y u
- {8 s8 C( k% D( H/ j我的母亲在我被哈佛大学录取的那一天,曾经感到非常骄傲。她从没有停止督促我,去为 - B4 l3 N+ _3 E1 l7 o
他人做更多的事情。在我结婚的前几天,她主持了一个新娘进我家的仪式。在这个仪式上
. T9 Q9 j3 C8 e, \6 H! E0 Y f% n3 _,她高声朗读了一封关于婚姻的信,这是她写给Melinda的。那时,我的母亲已经因为癌症 * m ~1 t+ F& x8 b$ q! u
病入膏肓,但是她还是认为这是又一个传播她的信念的机会。在那封信的结尾,她写道: ; |- ~7 I5 C0 A8 w% C8 s6 y& o* w
“对于那些接受了许多帮助的人们,他们还在期待更多的帮助。你的能力越大,人们对你 $ f% L) |) _; M, r
的期望也就越大。” 1 |% L& U6 X1 B. J: c" b
# C2 `6 \! T' r7 m
When you consider what those of us here in this Yard have been given – in tal
( r) i+ [8 b" Dent, privilege, and opportunity – there is almost no limit to what the world
/ ?; e" x2 M; t+ P+ R- Nhas a right to expect from us. + U. W" l3 n( ^
- x' O: j: `; O: T8 n想一想吧,我们在这个院子里的这些人,被给予过什么——天赋、特权、机遇——那么可
( ~# z8 u$ \, s' |以这样说,全世界的人们几乎有无限的权力,期待我们做出贡献。
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* i7 T, Y1 g( I1 a' yIn line with the promise of this age, I want to exhort each of the graduates h / g e0 [& ]. o# N
ere to take on an issue – a complex problem, a deep inequity, and become a sp [, K) Z, e& G+ W8 L0 S0 @
ecialist on it. If you make it the focus of your career, that would be phenome
* H/ D1 k1 @' h4 vnal. But you don't have to do that to make an impact. For a few hours every we 5 c, |0 \3 W# U: f7 L, U
ek, you can use the growing power of the Internet to get informed, find others 5 L9 U4 N4 j( u
with the same interests, see the barriers, and find ways to cut through them.
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0 p, [( }; O7 ?
9 D/ k) H7 Z! T) r& h同这个时代的期望一样,我也要向今天各位毕业的同学提出一个忠告:你们要选择一个问 9 H1 h! X) @! v7 ^
题,一个复杂的问题,一个有关于人类深刻的不平等的问题,然后你们要变成这个问题的
* g4 |2 E* @+ \+ J专家。如果你们能够使得这个问题成为你们职业的核心,那么你们就会非常杰出。但是,
& Q1 b) h: r4 K" Z" ~4 J你们不必一定要去做那些大事。每个星期只用几个小时,你就可以通过互联网得到信息, 7 ~6 g$ t( }" [* E# t' c
找到志同道合的朋友,发现困难所在,找到解决它们的途径。 * i* e$ ^' R9 J; `
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Don't let complexity stop you. Be activists. Take on the big inequities. It wi
0 y) S# o' p/ z& mll be one of the great experiences of your lives. ) [' m2 g/ y, o+ L% n4 y/ p) H$ B8 B
+ h5 |" u, a2 X2 L
不要让这个世界的复杂性阻碍你前进。要成为一个行动主义者。将解决人类的不平等视为 & M8 L' M) o0 D. m4 P( e
己任。它将成为你生命中最重要的经历之一。 - `( e% f$ O7 L, |9 s9 G
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You graduates are coming of age in an amazing time. As you leave Harvard, you
# I- V7 l, h: Q, c" I1 Dhave technology that members of my class never had. You have awareness of glob
4 a3 [6 V* V! N* }3 j/ R4 ^: x" P" a+ _al inequity, which we did not have. And with that awareness, you likely also h
& h+ X X2 z: h' V2 z. fave an informed conscience that will torment you if you abandon these people w
7 n) l9 p* B8 v' Shose lives you could change with very little effort. You have more than we had
4 J: w3 Q, c' [8 d% N( `' x n0 D( z; you must start sooner, and carry on longer.
) b' C# ?1 g1 m. Y4 j: h' w7 h4 v# h- y7 C$ u
在座的各位毕业的同学,你们所处的时代是一个神奇的时代。当你们离开哈佛的时候,你 1 V0 D8 J$ Y2 w# j8 L
们拥有的技术,是我们那一届学生所没有的。你们已经了解到了世界上的不平等,我们那 ) n( p. g( x6 c% c, D/ G
时还不知道这些。有了这样的了解之后,要是你再弃那些你可以帮助的人们于不顾,就将
8 f# U( g1 f' ]8 ?* y0 N6 V受到良心的谴责,只需一点小小的努力,你就可以改变那些人们的生活。你们比我们拥有
* m4 S! I1 O/ C6 ]% h: h$ B更大的能力;你们必须尽早开始,尽可能长时期坚持下去。 7 E2 `& H) g& h3 W+ p5 {% F. T( H$ Y
! t+ L! q$ b5 M8 j0 j# k' e; `; R5 gKnowing what you know, how could you not?
- Q4 Q8 w7 H1 C$ \. f/ `9 K! } q: ]( L6 Z+ b7 ~# K' c; O
知道了你们所知道的一切,你们怎么可能不采取行动呢?
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And I hope you will come back here to Harvard 30 years from now and reflect on
5 \; q+ z/ t- U6 Kwhat you have done with your talent and your energy. I hope you will judge yo ( W; ~/ p( {4 ~) {; f9 g4 P0 ]
urselves not on your professional accomplishments alone, but also on how well
' n/ s; S( m( g: Ryou have addressed the world's deepest inequities … on how well you treated p
2 g: |* [: A( i; Y, N% ^* Zeople a world away who have nothing in common with you but their humanity. " _4 G7 C! o1 f- t7 x) C3 r
/ [* V: a- J- b3 y我希望,30年后你们还会再回到哈佛,想起你们用自己的天赋和能力所做出的一切。我希
1 r$ E- `3 g2 p/ X6 y望,在那个时候,你们用来评价自己的标准,不仅仅是你们的专业成就,而包括你们为改
3 p* z+ @% v- a% v% E# U- J7 ~变这个世界深刻的不平等所做出的努力,以及你们如何善待那些远隔千山万水、与你们毫 $ R" H$ W+ r8 J; D4 w5 P
不涉及的人们,你们与他们唯一的共同点就是同为人类。 |
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