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2008-11-02 01:02:11 来自: lightpie(上次登录还是1.5年前.....) 6 t8 j- `2 S8 r
比尔·盖茨在哈佛大学毕业典礼上的演讲 . W# @+ t V3 W5 f5 J2 B
; b: K& Z+ l0 o. T5 a- t2007年6月7日 ; I& e! Y* T3 K* U" C3 X4 d4 r$ u
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阮一峰 译 & T1 i% u+ l0 y* X
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5 H; ~5 x/ h1 a! d( JPresident Bok, former President Rudenstine, incoming President Faust, members & _' g6 H; \ Y+ \4 b; b
of the Harvard Corporation and the Board of Overseers, members of the faculty,
% o9 z3 G0 E2 l$ h1 Z3 b$ p& n5 oparents, and especially, the graduates: 9 b `4 e! U1 S
' K$ \6 \0 {/ A* W8 v0 L& W* z尊敬的Bok校长,Rudenstine前校长,即将上任的Faust校长,哈佛集团的各位成员,监管 2 S% C% C- Q6 y! [" A2 B, M
理事会的各位理事,各位老师,各位家长,各位同学: 7 G* |& m: ~, w, d
" R0 I \# f z$ E& LI've been waiting more than 30 years to say this: "Dad, I always told you I'd / h9 E2 a! H7 l( v: S
come back and get my degree."
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有一句话我等了三十年,现在终于可以说了:“老爸,我总是跟你说,我会回来拿到我的
% z% I* I% o! Y学位的!”
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I want to thank Harvard for this timely honor. I'll be changing my job next ye # O6 C! M2 s5 f9 A- s% M$ \$ [0 F9 y7 `
ar … and it will be nice to finally have a college degree on my resume.
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我要感谢哈佛大学在这个时候给我这个荣誉。明年,我就要换工作了(注:指从微软公司
( o3 D g u' ~/ @4 }退休)……我终于可以在简历上写我有一个本科学位,这真是不错啊。 ; U6 V5 b- m- \5 J p) X
0 V ^4 \6 {7 Q5 U) I) U: {* BI applaud the graduates today for taking a much more direct route to your degr + M. B6 {' k8 `+ g8 J8 F
ees. For my part, I'm just happy that the Crimson has called me "Harvard's mos
1 W+ n" s2 \ k' [4 E: s, U& E- f: St successful dropout." I guess that makes me valedictorian of my own special c
8 P9 q* k7 G8 Q" klass … I did the best of everyone who failed.
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我为今天在座的各位同学感到高兴,你们拿到学位可比我简单多了。哈佛的校报称我是“ 4 V2 n" e: N: R: p! C
哈佛大学历史上最成功的辍学生”。我想这大概使我有资格代表我这一类学生发言……在
4 t0 G. j! _& T所有的失败者里,我做得最好。 ) G2 @1 f) t' ^
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But I also want to be recognized as the guy who got Steve Ballmer to drop out + C( q8 J6 Z0 n0 \) {
of business school. I'm a bad influence. That's why I was invited to speak at 6 {. s% r! R8 f; ?8 r3 E% Z
your graduation. If I had spoken at your orientation, fewer of you might be he ) J8 f+ R6 p7 s- L3 H( _
re today. . b# _; M6 ^6 L7 u. @
" z! S7 c1 O9 M* T" }' [! x6 \: z但是,我还要提醒大家,我使得Steve Ballmer(注:微软总经理)也从哈佛商学院退学了 4 d7 H2 ]- G1 A( k, J4 {( q
。因此,我是个有着恶劣影响力的人。这就是为什么我被邀请来在你们的毕业典礼上演讲
$ s( P1 r9 V' p$ ^- Q。如果我在你们入学欢迎仪式上演讲,那么能够坚持到今天在这里毕业的人也许会少得多 + \6 I4 c& J# G& k5 s/ R( A- k
吧。 6 `9 s0 o) @7 e! Y" ?/ V5 o3 F
: N* f" L; @( V* Z7 NHarvard was just a phenomenal experience for me. Academic life was fascinating
/ W$ l& m' w* F) y. I used to sit in on lots of classes I hadn't even signed up for. And dorm li $ A0 c9 h+ j% g
fe was terrific. I lived up at Radcliffe, in Currier House. There were always
- F" W, D2 k. \0 O; a3 Zlots of people in my dorm room late at night discussing things, because everyo
4 I( ]9 g$ h2 Q( @: t/ Sne knew I didn't worry about getting up in the morning. That's how I came to b 1 Z. x- w3 Y, { k% W
e the leader of the anti-social group. We clung to each other as a way of vali
+ f: U! d2 G' L6 ^9 O1 {dating our rejection of all those social people.
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$ _) i9 N6 k$ i1 }' U对我来说,哈佛的求学经历是一段非凡的经历。校园生活很有趣,我常去旁听我没选修的
5 d1 M; |+ ^, T+ r# P2 \# r( m课。哈佛的课外生活也很棒,我在Radcliffe过着逍遥自在的日子。每天我的寝室里总有很 6 V6 W: u% J) s+ U* d! F5 t! L
多人一直待到半夜,讨论着各种事情。因为每个人都知道我从不考虑第二天早起。这使得 3 Z+ i8 h" C# c1 ?* M7 {/ \2 \; }
我变成了校园里那些不安分学生的头头,我们互相粘在一起,做出一种拒绝所有正常学生 ) N5 v7 A/ @; m4 O( L1 e$ t: f
的姿态。 . ~6 k+ L0 V5 u" C* g+ O
: Y9 o k$ J; h0 U [' BRadcliffe was a great place to live. There were more women up there, and most
( N6 w( A- h4 Q7 bof the guys were science-math types. That combination offered me the best odds : J" }; b( g1 c& I) a
, if you know what I mean. This is where I learned the sad lesson that improvi
4 ~# L1 R/ o0 U$ F; k+ b0 N# xng your odds doesn't guarantee success. & Q/ r3 e$ R3 h) [ ?
+ J; v5 v' q) B# yRadcliffe是个过日子的好地方。那里的女生比男生多,而且大多数男生都是理工科的。这
# e; K- U3 S* B; z# ?, R. w% _+ c种状况为我创造了最好的机会,如果你们明白我的意思。可惜的是,我正是在这里学到了
6 r* E4 Q- W7 ?, Z+ v6 M人生中悲伤的一课:机会大,并不等于你就会成功。 % T5 X! S/ F1 ]$ L
6 p( r" j5 h( e3 \One of my biggest memories of Harvard came in January 1975, when I made a call % m7 ]& `" T$ s: n9 ^
from Currier House to a company in Albuquerque that had begun making the worl
. R R$ \4 i. m$ s: s6 |d's first personal computers. I offered to sell them software. ( c3 |8 X/ x2 {4 q6 `& Q! _
' Z( V4 O! z8 k2 r我在哈佛最难忘的回忆之一,发生在1975年1月。那时,我从宿舍楼里给位于Albuquerque ! d* R. R6 w6 r9 G. ^
的一家公司打了一个电话,那家公司已经在着手制造世界上第一台个人电脑。我提出想向 $ Y- U, O( E% i; Y0 |# T6 ~: o
他们出售软件。
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2 i9 x/ h" S1 X, V5 hI worried that they would realize I was just a student in a dorm and hang up o
7 C1 f. Q" ^! [+ gn me. Instead they said: "We're not quite ready, come see us in a month," whic
( E$ C4 R' A' T! u/ @h was a good thing, because we hadn't written the software yet. From that mome " b' [% ^7 {1 f0 Z/ P
nt, I worked day and night on this little extra credit project that marked the
* q0 x' U3 W Mend of my college education and the beginning of a remarkable journey with Mi $ e( i2 j9 N7 t- L. n
crosoft. 1 S- w+ o3 @# ^: _, ?" ]: ~" z; R
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我很担心,他们会发觉我是一个住在宿舍的学生,从而挂断电话。但是他们却说:“我们 8 l, `' m+ S# L2 l: O& p* H& u" x& E
还没准备好,一个月后你再来找我们吧。”这是个好消息,因为那时软件还根本没有写出 0 ?/ N2 [- M& O) h9 W2 ?3 ~" M9 ^* t
来呢。就是从那个时候起,我日以继夜地在这个小小的课外项目上工作,这导致了我学生
) }8 M& T6 p9 a) X生活的结束,以及通往微软公司的不平凡的旅程的开始。 8 I7 ^( F3 b) [! N* I, q
" ?* S: N/ x% zWhat I remember above all about Harvard was being in the midst of so much ener
, R9 B C2 N; Y8 [ |7 v# \/ G7 a# ]gy and intelligence. It could be exhilarating, intimidating, sometimes even di + ^9 w) t# U' R6 l
scouraging, but always challenging. It was an amazing privilege – and though
: d* |& D# M; m3 G% u! y9 zI left early, I was transformed by my years at Harvard, the friendships I made : R( L4 h* Q* Y# c& r
, and the ideas I worked on.
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不管怎样,我对哈佛的回忆主要都与充沛的精力和智力活动有关。哈佛的生活令人愉快,
( {' g$ V" E2 B' ?$ P( i也令人感到有压力,有时甚至会感到泄气,但永远充满了挑战性。生活在哈佛是一种吸引 # R$ B1 j$ b" S( O3 h
人的特殊待遇……虽然我离开得比较早,但是我在这里的经历、在这里结识的朋友、在这
- f% d+ Y+ {+ k9 ^: l里发展起来的一些想法,永远地改变了我。
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' T u4 z% }% A7 ^$ FBut taking a serious look back … I do have one big regret. % F3 d& e0 p1 o4 c+ D% J9 M
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但是,如果现在严肃地回忆起来,我确实有一个真正的遗憾。 - m/ e) v ^9 g1 Y" t; \: Q
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I left Harvard with no real awareness of the awful inequities in the world – 0 F K" A) O# P* N5 d8 E* ^
the appalling disparities of health, and wealth, and opportunity that condemn
- M" [! D2 n" n! r' xmillions of people to lives of despair. . j. Z+ p6 S6 e5 T5 `/ N4 P
$ V0 L) J# m" T5 ^3 ~& o; p我离开哈佛的时候,根本没有意识到这个世界是多么的不平等。人类在健康、财富和机遇
( O+ o9 s4 u/ u& I5 z上的不平等大得可怕,它们使得无数的人们被迫生活在绝望之中。
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6 t+ ^, k! n9 M$ s. ?I learned a lot here at Harvard about new ideas in economics and politics. I g ' x5 Q4 N" |- C% o$ w
ot great exposure to the advances being made in the sciences. $ y S# _; k7 N, ?" r5 F1 p$ J
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我在哈佛学到了很多经济学和政治学的新思想。我也了解了很多科学上的新进展。 ; M0 v3 V/ e2 p- Z
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But humanity's greatest advances are not in its discoveries – but in how thos
) K. a& A7 Y6 xe discoveries are applied to reduce inequity. Whether through democracy, stron 4 e! b7 A# N; k* v, Q5 b
g public education, quality health care, or broad economic opportunity – redu
% {4 i2 s6 i! X: @4 Bcing inequity is the highest human achievement.
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/ x# [" A, }' q5 D但是,人类最大的进步并不来自于这些发现,而是来自于那些有助于减少人类不平等的发 # b3 H7 L9 A6 L; X
现。不管通过何种手段——民主制度、健全的公共教育体系、高质量的医疗保健、还是广 5 o9 U8 Q8 |& v& V8 D$ i
泛的经济机会——减少不平等始终是人类最大的成就。 & n4 J }! @2 S
0 g1 T# H; }4 kI left campus knowing little about the millions of young people cheated out of 4 L- o. c2 g' p" ^3 p$ t" X) w
educational opportunities here in this country. And I knew nothing about the
7 T7 y! M( m; s* _millions of people living in unspeakable poverty and disease in developing cou
, M2 T0 b1 J* r, h$ x2 |ntries. 7 `! e. H% C9 d# r
# p4 J/ |& v7 {我离开校园的时候,根本不知道在这个国家里,有几百万的年轻人无法获得接受教育的机 0 }, L6 a' o9 e6 ~. r8 l$ j* b
会。我也不知道,发展中国家里有无数的人们生活在无法形容的贫穷和疾病之中。
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It took me decades to find out. % I& D/ m4 D- @- P! }8 S
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我花了几十年才明白了这些事情。
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You graduates came to Harvard at a different time. You know more about the wor , N) r1 f4 C: H- V# l/ C) U! ]2 w
ld's inequities than the classes that came before. In your years here, I hope
4 S' G# m+ I0 J1 J! Ryou've had a chance to think about how – in this age of accelerating technolo
* t9 i1 u9 M* `% T fgy – we can finally take on these inequities, and we can solve them.
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+ ?5 x4 Q: J8 ^. h' }" {( }" B在座的各位同学,你们是在与我不同的时代来到哈佛的。你们比以前的学生,更多地了解 & ~2 C, q( Q$ {6 _
世界是怎样的不平等。在你们的哈佛求学过程中,我希望你们已经思考过一个问题,那就
7 f+ B8 R! L3 w0 ?1 V是在这个新技术加速发展的时代,我们怎样最终应对这种不平等,以及我们怎样来解决这
2 v; }4 H4 K3 r7 h个问题。 / r. q' \/ w' ]* }0 J& X9 O
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Imagine, just for the sake of discussion, that you had a few hours a week and ( w8 T' J9 I( B3 a* T3 c" W0 h
a few dollars a month to donate to a cause – and you wanted to spend that tim 6 B% R" i% F0 u& x$ {" W1 S
e and money where it would have the greatest impact in saving and improving li S( ^, V) V9 O5 w
ves. Where would you spend it?
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为了讨论的方便,请想象一下,假如你每个星期可以捐献一些时间、每个月可以捐献一些 ! @! P. E% Q( D1 d
钱——你希望这些时间和金钱,可以用到对拯救生命和改善人类生活有最大作用的地方。 1 Q# J: Q4 F ]( E1 z# g- [7 [& N
你会选择什么地方?
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For Melinda and for me, the challenge is the same: how can we do the most good % c- J# K6 z( ^+ q5 y6 L
for the greatest number with the resources we have.
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: f' K A& H. h& c |: c8 V4 ?对Melinda(注:盖茨的妻子)和我来说,这也是我们面临的问题:我们如何能将我们拥有 4 E+ c& {. T$ `" X8 [- U
的资源发挥出最大的作用。 % f- a5 G! y$ H+ S
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During our discussions on this question, Melinda and I read an article about t , K& N/ y! D- O3 }7 o$ O* {
he millions of children who were dying every year in poor countries from disea
) k) l+ D$ ?. _4 vses that we had long ago made harmless in this country. Measles, malaria, pneu
: j4 y8 D2 e0 O4 U' T+ zmonia, hepatitis B, yellow fever. One disease I had never even heard of, rotav ) u" S8 Y) m1 m! s9 O
irus, was killing half a million kids each year – none of them in the United - X/ s' j) l* l5 r! r
States.
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在讨论过程中,Melinda和我读到了一篇文章,里面说在那些贫穷的国家,每年有数百万的
* R0 a/ {/ P- C# B6 n' U/ m儿童死于那些在美国早已不成问题的疾病。麻疹、疟疾、肺炎、乙型肝炎、黄热病、还有
8 Z( W& C+ Z+ c1 m' T一种以前我从未听说过的轮状病毒,这些疾病每年导致50万儿童死亡,但是在美国一例死 / m0 N6 n0 g d+ C4 |
亡病例也没有。
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9 M/ m$ O0 E) M4 {We were shocked. We had just assumed that if millions of children were dying a . N1 x! Y+ ?( X
nd they could be saved, the world would make it a priority to discover and del
+ O2 i% C! g4 t( z* ]& }( ^3 h& uiver the medicines to save them. But it did not. For under a dollar, there wer Y, ^ ~2 ^3 ^* Q8 ?1 e! z
e interventions that could save lives that just weren't being delivered. 5 ^5 c6 W) x! \
' S1 P+ B, o% Q' y Z我们被震惊了。我们想,如果几百万儿童正在死亡线上挣扎,而且他们是可以被挽救的,
; N: G( ^4 t h2 P那么世界理应将用药物拯救他们作为头等大事。但是事实并非如此。那些价格还不到一美
- f, {8 p- Y* i9 w元的救命的药剂,并没有送到他们的手中。
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If you believe that every life has equal value, it's revolting to learn that s
$ L1 y, v' g6 j$ }ome lives are seen as worth saving and others are not. We said to ourselves: "
8 O1 u/ B( i) WThis can't be true. But if it is true, it deserves to be the priority of our g
0 ^$ ^/ U/ i6 Z! F5 c3 Diving."
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1 \% R1 y/ X3 [# r" N如果你相信每个生命都是平等的,那么当你发现某些生命被挽救了,而另一些生命被放弃 ' d+ w' `. B; z
了,你会感到无法接受。我们对自己说:“事情不可能如此。如果这是真的,那么它理应 : T; W* R) l# w8 \" ^$ h
是我们努力的头等大事。”
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So we began our work in the same way anyone here would begin it. We asked: "Ho % |' k# @1 S& R) b
w could the world let these children die?" $ n2 y- B( w/ J3 I
& j4 R/ O) w0 l/ r( a( J所以,我们用任何人都会想到的方式开始工作。我们问:“这个世界怎么可以眼睁睁看着 # f) @" v, v9 W, t6 q8 W- a1 F2 W. N
这些孩子死去?”
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The answer is simple, and harsh. The market did not reward saving the lives of
+ Y% l$ l7 s( l1 Ythese children, and governments did not subsidize it. So the children died be 7 @7 W1 s$ N: L* ^& D
cause their mothers and their fathers had no power in the market and no voice 5 ~( }2 X$ N8 d7 H6 J; T
in the system.
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& B' a6 m) V: l2 m, d) I答案很简单,也很令人难堪。在市场经济中,拯救儿童是一项没有利润的工作,政府也不 2 e& W7 t. \/ k# [
会提供补助。这些儿童之所以会死亡,是因为他们的父母在经济上没有实力,在政治上没
$ R, g _7 q$ ?# K7 _5 J1 i有能力发出声音。
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But you and I have both. 5 ^! R S: }$ U% v; J; z9 b+ [
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但是,你们和我在经济上有实力,在政治上能够发出声音。
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We can make market forces work better for the poor if we can develop a more cr
7 c: M+ _ R2 ]eative capitalism – if we can stretch the reach of market forces so that more + T/ ~1 u0 w7 T% x
people can make a profit, or at least make a living, serving people who are s
+ s2 P* i7 G0 F$ p, ^9 xuffering from the worst inequities. We also can press governments around the w
7 G; @% o0 v3 C; x. Yorld to spend taxpayer money in ways that better reflect the values of the peo ' Q+ _2 @; u2 S
ple who pay the taxes.
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我们可以让市场更好地为穷人服务,如果我们能够设计出一种更有创新性的资本主义制度
) @. I+ e4 m* `6 s——如果我们可以改变市场,让更多的人可以获得利润,或者至少可以维持生活——那么
+ N2 K8 z: f" s8 Y/ l" J,这就可以帮到那些正在极端不平等的状况中受苦的人们。我们还可以向全世界的政府施 & Y A- b; j) Q) @) S6 K- `( G
压,要求他们将纳税人的钱,花到更符合纳税人价值观的地方。 ' P2 H& F/ n; a3 M
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If we can find approaches that meet the needs of the poor in ways that generat " M( x9 _; J& C5 b! N: F; x! w
e profits for business and votes for politicians, we will have found a sustain
. n6 @3 T: m6 V- M) o& b8 Dable way to reduce inequity in the world. This task is open-ended. It can neve 5 h6 U& X0 R7 f2 Y1 v5 _8 y J' k* g
r be finished. But a conscious effort to answer this challenge will change the % v$ r" g) v; f) [0 L
world.
+ H# B: W( y, {, K( `7 e2 m- \3 T5 _
% {+ { S2 v6 P* S, p: X9 a' s如果我们能够找到这样一种方法,既可以帮到穷人,又可以为商人带来利润,为政治家带
( e- _" J& [4 m! f来选票,那么我们就找到了一种减少世界性不平等的可持续的发展道路。这个任务是无限
2 A3 e q7 V* `2 A/ d2 A7 e! `* F的。它不可能被完全完成,但是任何自觉地解决这个问题的尝试,都将会改变这个世界。 1 F- w3 B: X- ~7 z$ m
4 k% T* [. n9 K/ z
9 r$ [* N4 @$ JI am optimistic that we can do this, but I talk to skeptics who claim there is # n) P! k1 H* C$ Q1 w
no hope. They say: "Inequity has been with us since the beginning, and will b 1 f( i' n+ V3 C4 J
e with us till the end – because people just … don't … care." I completely
2 J6 X6 o6 e0 l' O) P- Z; l% xdisagree. $ a3 j& b8 L! N! w5 @3 f: @# X
6 \5 K5 ~+ ~) C& a3 q4 l+ T在这个问题上,我是乐观的。但是,我也遇到过那些感到绝望的怀疑主义者。他们说:“
' ?* q! E8 F: v+ i3 b1 y' f9 ]) {不平等从人类诞生的第一天就存在,到人类灭亡的最后一天也将存在。——因为人类对这 k8 I2 ` a1 N& c9 U
个问题根本不在乎。”我完全不能同意这种观点。 3 v2 f/ h% q2 Y; ^7 F
& j) T4 C+ G8 n' T& u
I believe we have more caring than we know what to do with.
, G5 p; Q* k1 e: X& A+ u$ O( s- n x8 q' Q- L/ z- C) U& f* @
我相信,问题不是我们不在乎,而是我们不知道怎么做。
. e7 t% R+ d4 w* o" A- G) R6 e: d | {
All of us here in this Yard, at one time or another, have seen human tragedies
# ~ y% K& n( M) _; ^0 s3 Z% e1 z6 Rthat broke our hearts, and yet we did nothing – not because we didn't care,
) d5 [- \. E8 B8 J# N) ?but because we didn't know what to do. If we had known how to help, we would h 3 u4 H- H8 ~& U! q& K, {
ave acted. ! X6 g: @/ `' H5 a: w2 `
0 J1 p6 X6 a9 h# k7 F9 I( D此刻在这个院子里的所有人,生命中总有这样或那样的时刻,目睹人类的悲剧,感到万分 - {. D1 C4 R/ A+ ]5 s3 q
伤心。但是我们什么也没做,并非我们无动于衷,而是因为我们不知道做什么和怎么做。 7 T4 c T( \# ^! I& f, b# s7 A1 q
如果我们知道如何做是有效的,那么我们就会采取行动。
" @+ I( M" E& V) z4 }, h' S$ u$ u" r2 w6 L! R6 }
The barrier to change is not too little caring; it is too much complexity.
) y% f( Y4 J# p+ y/ W- {8 S( H
/ A: m+ p/ a. C) c, ~( G( Y4 G改变世界的阻碍,并非人类的冷漠,而是世界实在太复杂。 ) c5 U% [+ M/ a- U# z% g
8 ^2 H* S$ J5 ~: N- u
To turn caring into action, we need to see a problem, see a solution, and see " S6 v$ H/ D3 e# {# m- D
the impact. But complexity blocks all three steps.
1 p8 C- P* b" w
3 `4 S/ K5 Y( G5 U: M% J为了将关心转变为行动,我们需要找到问题,发现解决办法的方法,评估后果。但是世界 $ B& I7 h$ z# ]
的复杂性使得所有这些步骤都难于做到。
2 }) B2 I0 |2 ~' h+ S1 S0 {; T. Y. T
" {- r) P3 o& q: GEven with the advent of the Internet and 24-hour news, it is still a complex e # f- L3 x7 c; {# t% [
nterprise to get people to truly see the problems. When an airplane crashes, o ! y1 q B- x: i) V9 E/ L8 z
fficials immediately call a press conference. They promise to investigate, det 9 `1 g: m, n1 e0 v
ermine the cause, and prevent similar crashes in the future.
% ~* S- b9 ^3 O- r8 `6 v' a% b: D d& S0 v: @2 r, P% u) R
即使有了互联网和24小时直播的新闻台,让人们真正发现问题所在,仍然十分困难。当一
# W% R/ d: a; l1 x3 N架飞机坠毁了,官员们会立刻召开新闻发布会,他们承诺进行调查、找到原因、防止将来 , N+ _" ]; R3 I7 j0 V- E! w
再次发生类似事故。
. A. o, d' U8 R8 N7 _) a- b5 m2 ?
But if the officials were brutally honest, they would say: "Of all the people
3 ?8 T( I- ?: I( fin the world who died today from preventable causes, one half of one percent o
( G7 E5 y! S7 \2 Z$ J: ^f them were on this plane. We're determined to do everything possible to solve
. D7 D4 f, P! `: z+ B( [; {the problem that took the lives of the one half of one percent." 3 ], D* o I; V P' }& X3 M
/ s: g1 s9 }9 t, w
但是如果那些官员敢说真话,他们就会说:“在今天这一天,全世界所有可以避免的死亡
2 n1 K# d M" H* C5 D7 A2 q之中,只有0.5%的死者来自于这次空难。我们决心尽一切努力,调查这个0.5%的死亡原因 . p" @6 J+ ^7 b* f
。” 3 m5 D4 K$ A9 n: a# n) y* k1 F3 v
& p! C: M2 c" m8 Z: R# n9 pThe bigger problem is not the plane crash, but the millions of preventable dea
4 L7 ]/ } n& S. f) aths. . P& N$ g# {% j, i% V. D
6 K1 }5 v/ o3 ~: u9 n
显然,更重要的问题不是这次空难,而是其他几百万可以预防的死亡事件。
) q3 S. h0 X2 a7 m4 r
8 K; R+ x, C/ O% n; ZWe don't read much about these deaths. The media covers what's new – and mill
8 t5 f8 o7 H. l' J3 r3 dions of people dying is nothing new. So it stays in the background, where it's
9 r; k; H4 d3 |* feasier to ignore. But even when we do see it or read about it, it's difficult
s, ~7 |. z3 s+ {" E, z, ]& R6 Ito keep our eyes on the problem. It's hard to look at suffering if the situat * Q; ?9 z# U) [+ j4 W" |" Y
ion is so complex that we don't know how to help. And so we look away.
& g7 p5 d8 p$ ~# K) y
! f; V3 o( d( K5 e5 l& T我们并没有很多机会了解那些死亡事件。媒体总是报告新闻,几百万人将要死去并非新闻
" W5 z. B n- k- N. M。如果没有人报道,那么这些事件就很容易被忽视。另一方面,即使我们确实目睹了事件 ; \8 B2 p8 N! ?
本身或者看到了相关报道,我们也很难持续关注这些事件。看着他人受苦是令人痛苦的, % o! p, S( l9 I0 }9 D
何况问题又如此复杂,我们根本不知道如何去帮助他人。所以我们会将脸转过去。
( {; Q8 x r v: h0 ]8 }" K) r" \8 S
If we can really see a problem, which is the first step, we come to the second
1 J, y) X' E2 {$ Ustep: cutting through the complexity to find a solution. + n8 X$ Y) e& n i
0 @+ z8 d) A$ V/ d6 G
就算我们真正发现了问题所在,也不过是迈出了第一步,接着还有第二步:那就是从复杂 : r; x$ Z0 H8 W! y" V9 `
的事件中找到解决办法。
% i+ u( W2 [! m: T) v6 s9 @/ c) t- z
, I2 } U- K* g* ?9 m, GFinding solutions is essential if we want to make the most of our caring. If w
9 v, T. G4 J! f5 y; ~! x6 Te have clear and proven answers anytime an organization or individual asks "Ho
: \( O1 r% h7 z+ ^- kw can I help?," then we can get action – and we can make sure that none of th / [" S8 q" }9 E- f1 _6 f5 v/ F2 K
e caring in the world is wasted. But complexity makes it hard to mark a path o : M. W7 m5 e4 N T) W+ ^
f action for everyone who cares — and that makes it hard for their caring to
. l; w E, ^, S3 V0 Z kmatter.
1 C1 T9 n! O1 Q' t* h
+ b' p, R6 s3 {. p6 @! \, _! P如果我们要让关心落到实处,我们就必须找到解决办法。如果我们有一个清晰的和可靠的
( f" S6 h* ~$ ]* i* x- W7 Y* Y答案,那么当任何组织和个人发出疑问“如何我能提供帮助”的时候,我们就能采取行动
5 F5 ~' G# I2 ?" E' Y5 z。我们就能够保证不浪费一丁点全世界人类对他人的关心。但是,世界的复杂性使得很难 8 q+ E1 z9 g4 i3 d$ @$ Q; K
找到对全世界每一个有爱心的人都有效的行动方法,因此人类对他人的关心往往很难产生 4 h# X0 p3 C5 D2 U' @
实际效果。
8 u* s5 c1 ?- j( [# q! z/ M: Z, \0 K# M8 h! ~
Cutting through complexity to find a solution runs through four predictable st
$ e9 ?2 k7 N" s. yages: determine a goal, find the highest-leverage approach, discover the ideal
, ^. ?, f* ~" stechnology for that approach, and in the meantime, make the smartest applicat
$ p' H2 e& l' j3 f, s$ j( oion of the technology that you already have — whether it's something sophisti
2 z; ~2 i7 D* m7 o: D9 _: Q0 icated, like a drug, or something simpler, like a bednet.
5 s% I! \+ Q% A8 z" D# K' q
$ ? v- R6 |1 w- h从这个复杂的世界中找到解决办法,可以分为四个步骤:确定目标,找到最高效的方法,
0 z1 g2 Y/ I+ z/ @# D* d, i) n9 Z发现适用于这个方法的新技术,同时最聪明地利用现有的技术,不管它是复杂的药物,还
* p, V1 H% m* Z% K是最简单的蚊帐。 / k; i/ `' @# y# [2 q1 V. @
8 H6 t( R6 U) V& {' Y
The AIDS epidemic offers an example. The broad goal, of course, is to end the
7 D1 A. e: b& q5 W6 [. wdisease. The highest-leverage approach is prevention. The ideal technology wou % R4 H9 K% E+ a; x
ld be a vaccine that gives lifetime immunity with a single dose. So government 2 u0 [/ w% D7 Q) ^! Q
s, drug companies, and foundations fund vaccine research. But their work is li
. d* Y o0 i% J- \* fkely to take more than a decade, so in the meantime, we have to work with what 1 z" C* u6 F6 O V) P
we have in hand – and the best prevention approach we have now is getting pe % r. v" M1 o( j- u' \2 P% j
ople to avoid risky behavior. ) ^4 F" |9 f" m3 U5 b; h! L
: c1 B- X5 L- t$ c$ e6 L2 d3 U& ~艾滋病就是一个例子。总的目标,毫无疑问是消灭这种疾病。最高效的方法是预防。最理 * i+ I- @. j2 K3 O+ J4 h" K' e
想的技术是发明一种疫苗,只要注射一次,就可以终生免疫。所以,政府、制药公司、基
) l) Y8 @2 G0 q7 ^( e金会应该资助疫苗研究。但是,这样研究工作很可能十年之内都无法完成。因此,与此同 2 j' m6 G1 K4 k' Z2 A4 [" P4 c
时,我们必须使用现有的技术,目前最有效的预防方法就是设法让人们避免那些危险的行 $ o& @; i- w; {" \+ ]4 S( d$ m
为。
) ?- u* e2 [0 v9 h, ~; V
* i* w; K1 _* p( s0 cPursuing that goal starts the four-step cycle again. This is the pattern. The
/ @1 P2 {6 r* W1 Ocrucial thing is to never stop thinking and working – and never do what we di & C! p2 H! |: [% j0 @3 ^4 k
d with malaria and tuberculosis in the 20th century – which is to surrender t
) `0 P6 K$ B Z. Yo complexity and quit.
^3 m7 \: h6 Z# Q9 Z2 O: k# Y* @7 @) K! p& d* k
要实现这个新的目标,又可以采用新的四步循环。这是一种模式。关键的东西是永远不要
4 q% [) J2 Z% a; M8 s* b3 H停止思考和行动。我们千万不能再犯上个世纪在疟疾和肺结核上犯过的错误,那时我们因
) Y6 ~! f6 ?2 K5 h0 n, B为它们太复杂,而放弃了采取行动。
* G7 ~ K- C/ N# t2 k' f, s, K% g- b+ l% H$ V
The final step – after seeing the problem and finding an approach – is to me 3 K5 B' W3 Q+ W1 g7 a: y
asure the impact of your work and share your successes and failures so that ot
* T' c9 U% n/ ^2 x' G) ?! k* Xhers learn from your efforts. 8 @# p9 b5 L( N" w
; w" l, T6 @' a! i在发现问题和找到解决方法之后,就是最后一步——评估工作结果,将你的成功经验或者
+ @" `& N* ^) \' E失败经验传播出去,这样其他人就可以从你的努力中有所收获。 . M/ i0 E8 F$ D' L# U" |: O: F/ h5 M
# n' m, g k; X9 T5 o, M6 I) j
You have to have the statistics, of course. You have to be able to show that a " r8 l+ {+ V6 j0 Y+ \
program is vaccinating millions more children. You have to be able to show a 6 a( N% c* ?' ?% J3 X
decline in the number of children dying from these diseases. This is essential
0 t7 {4 s& m* J$ Qnot just to improve the program, but also to help draw more investment from b
7 U. i: w( s7 ~+ @4 z: Musiness and government.
0 M. r7 m/ g4 @/ _( @% T
; C% R3 r) X, D( N! u当然,你必须有一些统计数字。你必须让他人知道,你的项目为几百万儿童新接种了疫苗 , M( V, ?- g N) |8 g
。你也必须让他人知道,儿童死亡人数下降了多少。这些都是很关键的,不仅有利于改善 $ H- n' Z& w+ x8 j5 ?. D* p* \+ q
项目效果,也有利于从商界和政府得到更多的帮助。 % u8 ?% S7 C& C5 A% ?
) ^$ Q+ |2 I) S. ^7 D7 S' c$ @But if you want to inspire people to participate, you have to show more than n
! e% T5 G! B. U( A0 _umbers; you have to convey the human impact of the work – so people can feel : I0 J) T' V# \$ @+ W0 l
what saving a life means to the families affected. - F2 T0 I( i, a3 R; r+ f- `- L$ N
( I$ H' H4 v3 s) m! O' a0 a$ ]0 J$ C
但是,这些还不够,如果你想激励其他人参加你的项目,你就必须拿出更多的统计数字; ) B8 L) J% f: a
你必须展示你的项目的人性因素,这样其他人就会感到拯救一个生命,对那些处在困境中
0 a( ~* L& ~' q, \/ Y的家庭到底意味着什么。 1 X& t$ i' _, o& L$ x: P
& s8 A0 h g8 `2 DI remember going to Davos some years back and sitting on a global health panel
" M! q2 U0 X1 ~that was discussing ways to save millions of lives. Millions! Think of the th ( |$ s8 C$ v* u' B/ T: T) u' S
rill of saving just one person's life – then multiply that by millions. … Ye
7 L7 m. k3 D, L! `9 }6 q) Kt this was the most boring panel I've ever been on – ever. So boring even I c
0 z) m2 D0 L0 p8 D7 houldn't bear it. & S6 C) M& x0 N& x/ |
9 D- r% o1 p* u几年前,我去瑞士达沃斯旁听一个全球健康问题论坛,会议的内容有关于如何拯救几百万
2 m0 w& t" {% R" x! I3 [& N条生命。天哪,是几百万!想一想吧,拯救一个人的生命已经让人何等激动,现在你要把 : r! f7 b3 L7 d# b
这种激动再乘上几百万倍……但是,不幸的是,这是我参加过的最最乏味的论坛,乏味到 9 _6 }# T3 S1 v X6 O+ ?
我无法强迫自己听下去。 6 b. V7 S1 |' K2 X- |+ B( w
8 a5 o2 z( Y( `9 A$ ]0 BWhat made that experience especially striking was that I had just come from an % _6 I" F0 Z. C- F
event where we were introducing version 13 of some piece of software, and we
8 ?, c: f# @7 Shad people jumping and shouting with excitement. I love getting people excited
: Y( Q" T3 z! s% Q$ c i: gabout software – but why can't we generate even more excitement for saving l & o8 j5 z1 y- K2 k& f; R4 Q# I
ives?
" B) Z, x$ V3 J' t4 L, m; ^. b5 W* U$ G& D
那次经历之所以让我难忘,是因为之前我们刚刚发布了一个软件的第13个版本,我们让观 2 N- ?; |& f* P+ T% ~0 |1 Y
众激动得跳了起来,喊出了声。我喜欢人们因为软件而感到激动,那么我们为什么不能够 2 c8 `5 |, L, {
让人们因为能够拯救生命而感到更加激动呢?
. I0 c/ F l: g4 B8 \( b& H, F' w( B: Y
You can't get people excited unless you can help them see and feel the impact.
( A5 t) }# \4 ^( q+ n% R' xAnd how you do that – is a complex question.
7 r8 l, O( ]: y! h/ }0 x8 W* E6 n# e% z: N; h9 Q
除非你能够让人们看到或者感受到行动的影响力,否则你无法让人们激动。如何做到这一
Y& {* U( \9 E* B' m# z" H# t点,并不是一件简单的事。
5 m+ a' K5 U! v; B
6 g* h2 {+ a2 A9 WStill, I'm optimistic. Yes, inequity has been with us forever, but the new too
8 b) I: @- R+ f7 r" Hls we have to cut through complexity have not been with us forever. They are n
0 H( R6 m6 \& `9 g- H) Q$ ^ew – they can help us make the most of our caring – and that's why the futur
: l9 T& W: z7 S( [e can be different from the past. 5 K3 A0 a( [6 ~' }7 H
2 y1 ?! h1 K3 H. b5 L同前面一样,在这个问题上,我依然是乐观的。不错,人类的不平等有史以来一直存在,
; l" ~6 V* D7 [# b: ~但是那些能够化繁为简的新工具,却是最近才出现的。这些新工具可以帮助我们,将人类
" @2 |( f5 |( S K D3 }7 K的同情心发挥最大的作用,这就是为什么将来同过去是不一样的。
* G3 X& V- }$ {* L2 B6 X
3 v5 a% c! ^% @The defining and ongoing innovations of this age – biotechnology, the compute
, g. P7 h4 g# R5 tr, the Internet – give us a chance we've never had before to end extreme pove
" N8 _% z, t, t+ k; R4 @$ orty and end death from preventable disease. ' `5 }2 x3 d' i
9 E: m$ T# f/ I( W这个时代无时无刻不在涌现出新的革新——生物技术,计算机,互联网——它们给了我们 ; }3 e* w! a+ }
一个从未有过的机会,去终结那些极端的贫穷和非恶性疾病的死亡。
+ A' V2 d! n7 i2 z
" G' [ G& R2 e2 P- r, R8 QSixty years ago, George Marshall came to this commencement and announced a pla 4 a7 @0 x$ v0 O) h) |
n to assist the nations of post-war Europe. He said: "I think one difficulty i ; ]4 K' p* L/ h6 ?" I' G9 a
s that the problem is one of such enormous complexity that the very mass of fa $ J: H! K' ]" V3 T: @* V* W
cts presented to the public by press and radio make it exceedingly difficult f ' |6 d% f( S h4 A6 C: S% [! {
or the man in the street to reach a clear appraisement of the situation. It is
9 U7 {" m: y) ] mvirtually impossible at this distance to grasp at all the real significance o & j/ A/ G& L+ @) w
f the situation."
K4 j8 o0 O% P, K0 B
8 t# Q* `$ v$ C& v六十年前,乔治·马歇尔也是在这个地方的毕业典礼上,宣布了一个计划,帮助那些欧洲
3 @# n( ?' ~6 q$ Z' }5 b4 T国家的战后建设。他说:“我认为,困难的一点是这个问题太复杂,报纸和电台向公众源
' c' J5 Z/ b9 w, |2 E1 H源不断地提供各种事实,使得大街上的普通人极端难于清晰地判断形势。事实上,经过层
2 t& j3 F, A7 D+ \$ V+ I层传播,想要真正地把握形势,是根本不可能的。” % p. Y/ U& T8 Y- R
9 s3 w2 t9 C; {# a5 e
Thirty years after Marshall made his address, as my class graduated without me ! e Q6 B* U2 y
, technology was emerging that would make the world smaller, more open, more v : x! @3 h5 M% q" R
isible, less distant.
" b! P) R; m2 M$ g9 I8 D
8 e6 R- m+ X& B4 ?# X马歇尔发表这个演讲之后的三十年,我那一届学生毕业,当然我不在其中。那时,新技术
4 n2 J; j9 E& V: e1 f; F刚刚开始萌芽,它们将使得这个世界变得更小、更开放、更容易看到、距离更近。 l. f! O( B) E, x- |$ b# t# j
: }/ n- S+ |% J8 @) T4 B* [
The emergence of low-cost personal computers gave rise to a powerful network t
: V! h9 ?) C* k: \3 I9 ^hat has transformed opportunities for learning and communicating.
. a6 {/ A5 q! L& r+ u0 o. {6 G8 r/ F+ [8 P
低成本的个人电脑的出现,使得一个强大的互联网有机会诞生,它为学习和交流提供了巨 * t& e( ]" n, v4 z7 H3 g* a
大的机会。 : p8 e; z" u* J' q; j8 \4 W
# [. b) ~; F1 V2 ^' W5 {
The magical thing about this network is not just that it collapses distance an
9 `% E" k/ e' r8 r0 Od makes everyone your neighbor. It also dramatically increases the number of b
; g1 H$ M) Q3 C1 K, H$ mrilliant minds we can have working together on the same problem – and that sc 3 [+ i; D8 ~% w* j8 B o9 y
ales up the rate of innovation to a staggering degree.
6 E; w) a7 ^4 Q" d, D( Q& |" C7 g6 P5 L1 U
网络的神奇之处,不仅仅是它缩短了物理距离,使得天涯若比邻。它还极大地增加了怀有
W z* R/ ^! x5 _7 M0 @1 t共同想法的人们聚集在一起的机会,我们可以为了解决同一个问题,一起共同工作。这就
e4 Y/ ]! a% _% \大大加快了革新的进程,发展速度简直快得让人震惊。 6 J' ]8 g$ j: {8 T/ t6 v
1 ^/ z2 h! |% @7 v7 m7 }$ fAt the same time, for every person in the world who has access to this technol
: k( A/ A, D" [" m9 D6 fogy, five people don't. That means many creative minds are left out of this di
% A! O& j v+ q2 X- bscussion -- smart people with practical intelligence and relevant experience w
+ P- R0 M4 q% h# ~, ?ho don't have the technology to hone their talents or contribute their ideas t " \) U4 X- c( m, j Q% F
o the world.
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与此同时,世界上有条件上网的人,只是全部人口的六分之一。这意味着,还有许多具有
5 l; Z. Q3 p* b! P5 O( _创造性的人们,没有加入到我们的讨论中来。那些有着实际的操作经验和相关经历的聪明 3 Z. R" R5 t% p! t6 d
人,却没有技术来帮助他们,将他们的天赋或者想法与全世界分享。
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We need as many people as possible to have access to this technology, because * F% J* \$ [ R4 X1 {
these advances are triggering a revolution in what human beings can do for one
R% N8 x( x. Y$ l* j; `$ Yanother. They are making it possible not just for national governments, but f
- j, M$ t% f/ ?/ f9 |1 Q; [' Por universities, corporations, smaller organizations, and even individuals to
/ W3 Y- t2 g! d z, V e4 S& [see problems, see approaches, and measure the impact of their efforts to addre
9 [. w+ H0 s! y" ?2 q$ ]ss the hunger, poverty, and desperation George Marshall spoke of 60 years ago.
3 U! A" L6 V4 q0 b- g' Y" d. J7 h( C6 s( m6 @" T: D4 t) v7 \
3 Q7 }0 ?, Q. M/ k我们需要尽可能地让更多的人有机会使用新技术,因为这些新技术正在引发一场革命,人 2 b4 N" V% _1 k: |
类将因此可以互相帮助。新技术正在创造一种可能,不仅是政府,还包括大学、公司、小
- R* @+ C3 K: u: ?3 j4 @7 u! D机构、甚至个人,能够发现问题所在、能够找到解决办法、能够评估他们努力的效果,去 9 s& O9 R+ B! b" V
改变那些马歇尔六十年前就说到过的问题——饥饿、贫穷和绝望。
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Members of the Harvard Family: Here in the Yard is one of the great collection 3 A1 {, M! _# |6 p, I4 Q
s of intellectual talent in the world. . g1 z/ F0 I9 s, ^; v; u* q
1 Q! U( L: u8 b
哈佛是一个大家庭。这个院子里在场的人们,是全世界最有智力的人类群体之一。
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% t& u8 `7 G) ]( m. t rWhat for? : n4 p: K7 l0 Z, T1 e8 {4 w
0 K L# P+ i6 r' s& P4 R1 e我们可以做些什么?
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There is no question that the faculty, the alumni, the students, and the benef
* s9 J6 P# `/ N! J2 o, R. K. Mactors of Harvard have used their power to improve the lives of people here an
, X$ z% ?- S1 Z9 F8 V4 Q V6 Z/ wd around the world. But can we do more? Can Harvard dedicate its intellect to 3 M9 q% ?0 L% E9 r4 Y7 I2 O) r
improving the lives of people who will never even hear its name?
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' E" s k) }, N) |. |( g/ x5 R8 y毫无疑问,哈佛的老师、校友、学生和资助者,已经用他们的能力改善了全世界各地人们
6 s0 b& s0 H) f8 d+ |7 G的生活。但是,我们还能够再做什么呢?有没有可能,哈佛的人们可以将他们的智慧,用 w) @; ?; S( E" p0 l- m) g
来帮助那些甚至从来没有听到过“哈佛”这个名字的人?
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Let me make a request of the deans and the professors – the intellectual lead
- M7 D [& V# |ers here at Harvard: As you hire new faculty, award tenure, review curriculum,
+ r q6 \, G% kand determine degree requirements, please ask yourselves: 4 \9 c% k9 j5 {: s8 |/ D
/ p) A# D" E/ K请允许我向各位院长和教授,提出一个请求——你们是哈佛的智力领袖,当你们雇用新的
2 ]% \& k* V) R9 G" q: \( R1 t5 x W老师、授予终身教职、评估课程、决定学位颁发标准的时候,请问你们自己如下的问题:
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Should our best minds be dedicated to solving our biggest problems? % M' W! P9 g% V( z: g2 h* g4 O
) a! [0 E# `. o" w' d; ]我们最优秀的人才是否在致力于解决我们最大的问题?
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. ]) U1 F. E% ^# Y( w2 X) EShould Harvard encourage its faculty to take on the world's worst inequities? & ?' J e& ? Y0 b7 V
Should Harvard students learn about the depth of global poverty … the prevale
1 C2 d: M2 D7 }; P; o" {9 ance of world hunger … the scarcity of clean water …the girls kept out of sch " q h/ N O6 X5 d8 A0 V
ool … the children who die from diseases we can cure? 9 P6 g9 g7 X U/ o
2 Z, C m/ S: S B9 y n8 J8 C
哈佛是否鼓励她的老师去研究解决世界上最严重的不平等?哈佛的学生是否从全球那些极
/ Q, Q! a) o+ a8 r1 k% {8 h端的贫穷中学到了什么……世界性的饥荒……清洁的水资源的缺乏……无法上学的女童… / G& C" I1 b0 h2 D7 M, J
…死于非恶性疾病的儿童……哈佛的学生有没有从中学到东西?
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4 G e* L6 M& F+ m: U- VShould the world's most privileged people learn about the lives of the world's " M. u; I, Z* J4 R8 o7 u
least privileged?
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) V6 n$ c% L# |' A4 G/ L; a! n那些世界上过着最优越生活的人们,有没有从那些最困难的人们身上学到东西?
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These are not rhetorical questions – you will answer with your policies.
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# U- R, Q1 k; h6 O2 Y2 C这些问题并非语言上的修辞。你必须用自己的行动来回答它们。
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My mother, who was filled with pride the day I was admitted here – never stop
( P! U* k' O! l2 u) ?ped pressing me to do more for others. A few days before my wedding, she hoste ' d5 ]' X' _5 e. o+ W) Q% j
d a bridal event, at which she read aloud a letter about marriage that she had ; Z2 j: r0 Z! i2 `# x& ~
written to Melinda. My mother was very ill with cancer at the time, but she s
7 w3 b" B2 m' P% N. Daw one more opportunity to deliver her message, and at the close of the letter ' D) z+ W; Y7 k9 P, ~) B
she said: "From those to whom much is given, much is expected."
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' J3 @: f8 S: s: }" a- `我的母亲在我被哈佛大学录取的那一天,曾经感到非常骄傲。她从没有停止督促我,去为
1 i U2 A5 k9 i7 g' v/ I T0 M0 N他人做更多的事情。在我结婚的前几天,她主持了一个新娘进我家的仪式。在这个仪式上
5 T3 L7 b/ x% q4 I4 I,她高声朗读了一封关于婚姻的信,这是她写给Melinda的。那时,我的母亲已经因为癌症 0 Y) G! s5 C3 k0 G4 |) k
病入膏肓,但是她还是认为这是又一个传播她的信念的机会。在那封信的结尾,她写道:
/ Y0 A2 L! @" A1 j“对于那些接受了许多帮助的人们,他们还在期待更多的帮助。你的能力越大,人们对你
) V6 ^0 t- Q; m* ?+ {的期望也就越大。”
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When you consider what those of us here in this Yard have been given – in tal
0 T! g+ _8 X9 G3 ?ent, privilege, and opportunity – there is almost no limit to what the world 1 _1 d) r) ]. [
has a right to expect from us. " H7 z+ D/ s' {# u
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想一想吧,我们在这个院子里的这些人,被给予过什么——天赋、特权、机遇——那么可 . i8 S) Y, F; K% t5 X
以这样说,全世界的人们几乎有无限的权力,期待我们做出贡献。 ! M& B) d$ Z% _0 `1 R! D
9 J9 v( E' Z8 Y$ |In line with the promise of this age, I want to exhort each of the graduates h ( @0 ]2 }, O. M' ?9 ~, F
ere to take on an issue – a complex problem, a deep inequity, and become a sp
: ]+ j5 f0 ?- M2 I: n, F' }ecialist on it. If you make it the focus of your career, that would be phenome ( l- N H8 u c; z
nal. But you don't have to do that to make an impact. For a few hours every we , {7 e3 t6 }" h8 J' Q# j
ek, you can use the growing power of the Internet to get informed, find others
: A0 P. l6 ]2 I( Cwith the same interests, see the barriers, and find ways to cut through them.
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2 e6 s9 g0 z0 G1 x+ X m; q" n+ P$ @- q+ |; w$ |
同这个时代的期望一样,我也要向今天各位毕业的同学提出一个忠告:你们要选择一个问
- ?- a3 v) W! Y6 s5 Y题,一个复杂的问题,一个有关于人类深刻的不平等的问题,然后你们要变成这个问题的 & l' d$ T. ^% ~ I8 {
专家。如果你们能够使得这个问题成为你们职业的核心,那么你们就会非常杰出。但是, % u4 g0 w/ Z+ P: `
你们不必一定要去做那些大事。每个星期只用几个小时,你就可以通过互联网得到信息, " b8 F! m4 [5 i( X) z
找到志同道合的朋友,发现困难所在,找到解决它们的途径。 : f$ z) I( |- m( Q/ Q
$ s: z8 ~* ~+ K! F! T1 |Don't let complexity stop you. Be activists. Take on the big inequities. It wi
# S, ?# i1 G1 N8 dll be one of the great experiences of your lives.
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- t I2 G- S* T6 I6 F$ w9 s' t2 Q不要让这个世界的复杂性阻碍你前进。要成为一个行动主义者。将解决人类的不平等视为
4 {7 Q+ ^9 q' l/ e& j/ c己任。它将成为你生命中最重要的经历之一。
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You graduates are coming of age in an amazing time. As you leave Harvard, you 0 X+ W% n6 j' _" ]0 F K) {
have technology that members of my class never had. You have awareness of glob . o6 G; c a! C0 I+ z
al inequity, which we did not have. And with that awareness, you likely also h
( b# w) f) X4 d7 I. X6 U! Save an informed conscience that will torment you if you abandon these people w
+ ^6 {4 B& w2 V6 Zhose lives you could change with very little effort. You have more than we had
. x+ h& k7 a: i2 s; you must start sooner, and carry on longer. $ _& A. M9 B+ V0 V: I4 j+ w
' X8 U9 `( R; p2 C. H* ^- h在座的各位毕业的同学,你们所处的时代是一个神奇的时代。当你们离开哈佛的时候,你
4 ?: M& Y/ j: I8 u7 V7 @: A6 Z们拥有的技术,是我们那一届学生所没有的。你们已经了解到了世界上的不平等,我们那
+ J" t" N7 j7 [2 D9 ~时还不知道这些。有了这样的了解之后,要是你再弃那些你可以帮助的人们于不顾,就将 ) I" C, D' i) F. R
受到良心的谴责,只需一点小小的努力,你就可以改变那些人们的生活。你们比我们拥有
" @2 m) c9 G" t/ O5 q更大的能力;你们必须尽早开始,尽可能长时期坚持下去。
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Knowing what you know, how could you not?
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n& _, a$ `& X3 L/ D知道了你们所知道的一切,你们怎么可能不采取行动呢? . f+ Z1 W+ i' A: O+ X+ S
5 q. l" I+ \1 q$ }/ b& M1 K; {3 ^2 {
And I hope you will come back here to Harvard 30 years from now and reflect on ) t# F- O, Z% ?3 f( Z# D
what you have done with your talent and your energy. I hope you will judge yo
3 W1 V4 S# _1 g0 [) L0 G6 Nurselves not on your professional accomplishments alone, but also on how well
& J) {" N3 E% Z& N; ^you have addressed the world's deepest inequities … on how well you treated p
+ e5 S( c& z& x" qeople a world away who have nothing in common with you but their humanity.
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我希望,30年后你们还会再回到哈佛,想起你们用自己的天赋和能力所做出的一切。我希 % J: v* m l, M) E( h9 w8 i
望,在那个时候,你们用来评价自己的标准,不仅仅是你们的专业成就,而包括你们为改 ( n$ @$ ~9 O5 {5 j$ W
变这个世界深刻的不平等所做出的努力,以及你们如何善待那些远隔千山万水、与你们毫
* I) o& r& ]& \5 L* A4 a不涉及的人们,你们与他们唯一的共同点就是同为人类。 |
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