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2008-11-02 01:02:11 来自: lightpie(上次登录还是1.5年前.....)
2 Y8 P5 P7 C" ]1 e7 i( b6 v( A" B比尔·盖茨在哈佛大学毕业典礼上的演讲
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+ x% R# s l# a, p4 v( y2007年6月7日
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1 p, q" j* X: v- G& v" k阮一峰 译 ; y9 ^% E6 H1 E7 M8 b
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President Bok, former President Rudenstine, incoming President Faust, members + B/ x6 S7 d* b" [) \* l. w! C
of the Harvard Corporation and the Board of Overseers, members of the faculty,
) R( c, U) h$ ?4 J! z4 D6 Tparents, and especially, the graduates: & A, ^; D* X' [+ ~+ t1 B s
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尊敬的Bok校长,Rudenstine前校长,即将上任的Faust校长,哈佛集团的各位成员,监管 2 ~: F4 ?3 {5 I. y, F: {
理事会的各位理事,各位老师,各位家长,各位同学:
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I've been waiting more than 30 years to say this: "Dad, I always told you I'd : T2 C0 W$ M9 `- ]* d
come back and get my degree." * X% _' m- G6 Z# w' d; ~" {
: G: p+ u, ?7 j5 b有一句话我等了三十年,现在终于可以说了:“老爸,我总是跟你说,我会回来拿到我的
- U+ U Y8 f& @6 N5 D学位的!” 1 x2 t/ F8 ]# G% {" x0 D* s
+ v7 J+ S9 v0 I. V. y( B6 jI want to thank Harvard for this timely honor. I'll be changing my job next ye
& Q0 X1 x' J( @; D: Iar … and it will be nice to finally have a college degree on my resume. * `: g j1 ]7 }3 x9 a) i! z
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我要感谢哈佛大学在这个时候给我这个荣誉。明年,我就要换工作了(注:指从微软公司
3 ^# l2 Z0 K0 k# B. Y% T, d) z: U退休)……我终于可以在简历上写我有一个本科学位,这真是不错啊。
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I applaud the graduates today for taking a much more direct route to your degr
8 F G, U3 f$ C: {' O6 Lees. For my part, I'm just happy that the Crimson has called me "Harvard's mos
P3 s5 i0 k; Zt successful dropout." I guess that makes me valedictorian of my own special c . A9 v9 @; T0 [! K0 e
lass … I did the best of everyone who failed. ) V' E( |5 D8 u% y
( @" v" F) \8 C3 u" D我为今天在座的各位同学感到高兴,你们拿到学位可比我简单多了。哈佛的校报称我是“
/ a' Q3 J+ @' I8 @7 {4 B' E哈佛大学历史上最成功的辍学生”。我想这大概使我有资格代表我这一类学生发言……在 * P- @ e3 n3 |% l u
所有的失败者里,我做得最好。 * U1 w, k) v) Q# \8 i
9 B1 C# @3 t8 ] B) y3 Z$ yBut I also want to be recognized as the guy who got Steve Ballmer to drop out 3 X; r& B8 [3 H3 x6 l( j/ {
of business school. I'm a bad influence. That's why I was invited to speak at
: g; i4 N/ {3 }: q2 m7 H" Z# B1 dyour graduation. If I had spoken at your orientation, fewer of you might be he
$ { ^9 y' W/ r' P" ?/ W3 O8 E) |re today.
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但是,我还要提醒大家,我使得Steve Ballmer(注:微软总经理)也从哈佛商学院退学了
" s' K, }7 A6 J5 d8 H) F。因此,我是个有着恶劣影响力的人。这就是为什么我被邀请来在你们的毕业典礼上演讲 5 @; M$ Z4 f9 ^" }9 r# W$ q/ o
。如果我在你们入学欢迎仪式上演讲,那么能够坚持到今天在这里毕业的人也许会少得多
3 \; ?( [0 N" o+ Z G" ], q吧。 : Z9 V) f+ D1 l: B! d
6 p8 O" c, {: R s+ o) i1 e* pHarvard was just a phenomenal experience for me. Academic life was fascinating
; q$ s F% x8 x( ~' v( V. I used to sit in on lots of classes I hadn't even signed up for. And dorm li # t2 B3 Z+ i8 T! n+ z
fe was terrific. I lived up at Radcliffe, in Currier House. There were always
' c6 i0 L- z4 s: w. X) Y0 Llots of people in my dorm room late at night discussing things, because everyo
% h9 k( {/ h; ]7 hne knew I didn't worry about getting up in the morning. That's how I came to b + j+ ]; F9 z6 J% C. J' d
e the leader of the anti-social group. We clung to each other as a way of vali ; u: N8 N' Z% g0 R0 H4 P
dating our rejection of all those social people.
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# k! C1 W. A7 M4 G/ m对我来说,哈佛的求学经历是一段非凡的经历。校园生活很有趣,我常去旁听我没选修的
+ q3 d) {: d: @: u' W# h课。哈佛的课外生活也很棒,我在Radcliffe过着逍遥自在的日子。每天我的寝室里总有很 : U5 _+ Z. E5 C) a
多人一直待到半夜,讨论着各种事情。因为每个人都知道我从不考虑第二天早起。这使得 1 X4 f. X# f0 h5 B- J5 v
我变成了校园里那些不安分学生的头头,我们互相粘在一起,做出一种拒绝所有正常学生 2 O! P6 D0 G, Q9 r6 m" c
的姿态。
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( f8 [5 `2 ^$ v0 ]! _; @Radcliffe was a great place to live. There were more women up there, and most
5 N* }! a/ L2 xof the guys were science-math types. That combination offered me the best odds
' `. _3 S! m: h, N: i1 r, if you know what I mean. This is where I learned the sad lesson that improvi 1 A$ L) K- o6 C' d
ng your odds doesn't guarantee success. 2 ^" @ Q. o* r
. d, {+ u, y# t; b9 LRadcliffe是个过日子的好地方。那里的女生比男生多,而且大多数男生都是理工科的。这
* N# E, `& B' O) g, s种状况为我创造了最好的机会,如果你们明白我的意思。可惜的是,我正是在这里学到了 ' j* s: A; O7 |% P2 p7 s F
人生中悲伤的一课:机会大,并不等于你就会成功。
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One of my biggest memories of Harvard came in January 1975, when I made a call % q7 [# u( c# ^, ~
from Currier House to a company in Albuquerque that had begun making the worl $ W+ ~: P7 E2 f( c( W
d's first personal computers. I offered to sell them software.
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& ^! _- f: z! P E) Z. I3 U$ q我在哈佛最难忘的回忆之一,发生在1975年1月。那时,我从宿舍楼里给位于Albuquerque
& `7 T1 P+ M1 d0 I8 C的一家公司打了一个电话,那家公司已经在着手制造世界上第一台个人电脑。我提出想向
1 V- R2 D; ?2 x. k) W9 E6 [他们出售软件。
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. Y( r [8 }: Z4 R% MI worried that they would realize I was just a student in a dorm and hang up o # D5 B \' H4 v& |
n me. Instead they said: "We're not quite ready, come see us in a month," whic
2 X& F8 n+ a8 `. D4 R% P# l* ah was a good thing, because we hadn't written the software yet. From that mome
8 K" u1 m8 I9 v# v' Xnt, I worked day and night on this little extra credit project that marked the 0 y- U1 p$ h9 ]) K: n
end of my college education and the beginning of a remarkable journey with Mi 1 {8 I& u: |( p: g/ B) p
crosoft.
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! I5 i: G0 G: |4 X# S G4 q我很担心,他们会发觉我是一个住在宿舍的学生,从而挂断电话。但是他们却说:“我们 ) t4 a( `; I8 G% z
还没准备好,一个月后你再来找我们吧。”这是个好消息,因为那时软件还根本没有写出
/ B2 f3 F2 R1 p& d5 C1 c) F, l来呢。就是从那个时候起,我日以继夜地在这个小小的课外项目上工作,这导致了我学生
, b. y+ Z+ ~1 I; v1 A9 I1 q& @生活的结束,以及通往微软公司的不平凡的旅程的开始。 : M) {4 Q5 J0 _. O
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What I remember above all about Harvard was being in the midst of so much ener
% i' Y2 `; l" F c0 fgy and intelligence. It could be exhilarating, intimidating, sometimes even di ( t- v3 T7 K0 d& p7 y
scouraging, but always challenging. It was an amazing privilege – and though
* v# l' I( ]/ R3 |1 z! x/ V( pI left early, I was transformed by my years at Harvard, the friendships I made
/ N- ~. Q8 l1 S2 E9 m: V, and the ideas I worked on. * r- I# m3 }' h1 D; b) O
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不管怎样,我对哈佛的回忆主要都与充沛的精力和智力活动有关。哈佛的生活令人愉快, / S# `7 Y! K7 i7 U! l. x' N
也令人感到有压力,有时甚至会感到泄气,但永远充满了挑战性。生活在哈佛是一种吸引 - E! E% Z9 ?! J) a$ z
人的特殊待遇……虽然我离开得比较早,但是我在这里的经历、在这里结识的朋友、在这
& `/ H [$ z- G7 b里发展起来的一些想法,永远地改变了我。
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! ]8 J6 E$ y3 s* B! l$ P F0 I! mBut taking a serious look back … I do have one big regret.
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但是,如果现在严肃地回忆起来,我确实有一个真正的遗憾。
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I left Harvard with no real awareness of the awful inequities in the world – 8 d" l. J+ S- v: ^" p
the appalling disparities of health, and wealth, and opportunity that condemn
& i5 J6 z2 I7 j2 q/ qmillions of people to lives of despair. 6 k- k$ h X' k5 A
1 M& Z7 B) |3 s& V# A我离开哈佛的时候,根本没有意识到这个世界是多么的不平等。人类在健康、财富和机遇 8 I( t3 B# ^( J' n
上的不平等大得可怕,它们使得无数的人们被迫生活在绝望之中。 7 C# k. N1 `' H2 F; P/ m8 O
* Y8 [- W4 e$ L# |+ @I learned a lot here at Harvard about new ideas in economics and politics. I g
& w) h3 |: s! F& v" ?9 Oot great exposure to the advances being made in the sciences. - G1 O4 E$ f+ X' h! w
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我在哈佛学到了很多经济学和政治学的新思想。我也了解了很多科学上的新进展。
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But humanity's greatest advances are not in its discoveries – but in how thos " ]6 c, _* m# g/ \) c0 l
e discoveries are applied to reduce inequity. Whether through democracy, stron
& x1 D% X' ?8 R) eg public education, quality health care, or broad economic opportunity – redu
# s3 {# m, ^* Gcing inequity is the highest human achievement. 1 b6 f( M5 {! m
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但是,人类最大的进步并不来自于这些发现,而是来自于那些有助于减少人类不平等的发 ! J1 X% ~4 |" i6 X9 }
现。不管通过何种手段——民主制度、健全的公共教育体系、高质量的医疗保健、还是广 % L1 n% q, y" g$ L
泛的经济机会——减少不平等始终是人类最大的成就。 % r1 G& Z" ^4 N/ X' @2 i
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I left campus knowing little about the millions of young people cheated out of
4 W7 A8 h% _$ |educational opportunities here in this country. And I knew nothing about the , U$ q7 m& x7 O$ j
millions of people living in unspeakable poverty and disease in developing cou
6 J/ W* W7 G3 M7 v2 t* nntries.
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5 D4 ~) z$ v" D! e2 e9 o我离开校园的时候,根本不知道在这个国家里,有几百万的年轻人无法获得接受教育的机
2 W8 c9 D8 H$ j. F% S" G6 D会。我也不知道,发展中国家里有无数的人们生活在无法形容的贫穷和疾病之中。
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+ s) ^! t! m/ `. Z& }0 wIt took me decades to find out.
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; y! G) D% D) h) z. Q" Y我花了几十年才明白了这些事情。
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You graduates came to Harvard at a different time. You know more about the wor $ R H0 Q: `) d* |5 f- R3 |! |8 `
ld's inequities than the classes that came before. In your years here, I hope
E3 W8 k* N3 E3 dyou've had a chance to think about how – in this age of accelerating technolo 7 V* t; H3 g1 w b$ I, o4 V4 e( H
gy – we can finally take on these inequities, and we can solve them.
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& N) K _ p/ w* S7 ?在座的各位同学,你们是在与我不同的时代来到哈佛的。你们比以前的学生,更多地了解
6 L) W e; F* X. ~" r世界是怎样的不平等。在你们的哈佛求学过程中,我希望你们已经思考过一个问题,那就 5 N3 e9 e' p1 y; e+ c
是在这个新技术加速发展的时代,我们怎样最终应对这种不平等,以及我们怎样来解决这 $ ]# q: m$ P2 f) B0 H! w
个问题。
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Imagine, just for the sake of discussion, that you had a few hours a week and
, p" a K" s0 t O( Ua few dollars a month to donate to a cause – and you wanted to spend that tim 1 R5 a: J7 u7 k) n; r# g. f
e and money where it would have the greatest impact in saving and improving li
: B8 X- o8 ~# M4 \4 x% Qves. Where would you spend it? 1 q+ ?/ H* k& v
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为了讨论的方便,请想象一下,假如你每个星期可以捐献一些时间、每个月可以捐献一些
- P u! K" X8 j( V6 ^; c钱——你希望这些时间和金钱,可以用到对拯救生命和改善人类生活有最大作用的地方。
. x( l, V A0 D2 u) s8 \- A8 g! [你会选择什么地方? 1 J) L: @7 W1 B
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For Melinda and for me, the challenge is the same: how can we do the most good $ @" f6 L) w9 }& Y7 G+ D
for the greatest number with the resources we have.
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! Q" d9 b* q5 s' G2 i对Melinda(注:盖茨的妻子)和我来说,这也是我们面临的问题:我们如何能将我们拥有
% N3 r C; L9 s7 L) s# V/ b的资源发挥出最大的作用。 3 n U# k! _9 E9 g% B6 ?/ T
. l5 {) N" b2 r6 ^During our discussions on this question, Melinda and I read an article about t % A/ G3 }( S" I( H
he millions of children who were dying every year in poor countries from disea ' r D" y- v$ J2 k8 x+ O# k5 ]" x/ c
ses that we had long ago made harmless in this country. Measles, malaria, pneu
3 X* w' q! t* Y, C' X3 I2 ~monia, hepatitis B, yellow fever. One disease I had never even heard of, rotav
- j! K# M1 I# T' \8 H! birus, was killing half a million kids each year – none of them in the United # k. ^. L/ n' R/ p8 m- E' R7 ^' Z8 p' Z# t
States. 5 P& ^$ g: @: F& k
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在讨论过程中,Melinda和我读到了一篇文章,里面说在那些贫穷的国家,每年有数百万的 * Z) l/ T4 z( @# u
儿童死于那些在美国早已不成问题的疾病。麻疹、疟疾、肺炎、乙型肝炎、黄热病、还有 " \. t+ u4 Y8 q7 V0 t% H8 Q, W
一种以前我从未听说过的轮状病毒,这些疾病每年导致50万儿童死亡,但是在美国一例死
' O6 U+ K% u/ {, e# J亡病例也没有。 9 B6 J j7 d. p
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We were shocked. We had just assumed that if millions of children were dying a 1 s1 O& |$ V5 e: |: T) w
nd they could be saved, the world would make it a priority to discover and del
" D: ]# q2 u4 H2 B, m6 uiver the medicines to save them. But it did not. For under a dollar, there wer $ S+ o$ g z/ T- ?3 k7 k
e interventions that could save lives that just weren't being delivered. ) X) g- B* B$ f! o
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我们被震惊了。我们想,如果几百万儿童正在死亡线上挣扎,而且他们是可以被挽救的, ' c, h9 n1 [ m+ ^' c# g' j" n
那么世界理应将用药物拯救他们作为头等大事。但是事实并非如此。那些价格还不到一美 , w% ~$ t. i3 {& ?+ S+ E
元的救命的药剂,并没有送到他们的手中。
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" p$ y# ]- \' `3 L2 Y; IIf you believe that every life has equal value, it's revolting to learn that s / _, W0 }: s. q* r7 K) R% z
ome lives are seen as worth saving and others are not. We said to ourselves: "
4 Z6 i3 T. |: N/ h T2 qThis can't be true. But if it is true, it deserves to be the priority of our g
+ D7 x* R2 x4 \ Miving." - X- m# P5 o) U2 Q" i4 }
l, p% Z' _" ?6 Q如果你相信每个生命都是平等的,那么当你发现某些生命被挽救了,而另一些生命被放弃
4 ?! d& v6 {: f D8 Q了,你会感到无法接受。我们对自己说:“事情不可能如此。如果这是真的,那么它理应 # {9 X& H8 h/ M* B6 f: k/ G
是我们努力的头等大事。”
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So we began our work in the same way anyone here would begin it. We asked: "Ho
0 \1 Z4 d: k1 vw could the world let these children die?"
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F& |" b. _0 W( j- [所以,我们用任何人都会想到的方式开始工作。我们问:“这个世界怎么可以眼睁睁看着 ; O- t3 k/ P" m* f. M- q
这些孩子死去?”
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The answer is simple, and harsh. The market did not reward saving the lives of 8 \5 a3 p8 R) U. {4 o8 X& w/ }5 Y0 ?
these children, and governments did not subsidize it. So the children died be 8 P) s( T9 L5 E2 g
cause their mothers and their fathers had no power in the market and no voice $ U: }0 o e. R }) x2 \
in the system. % h# u; x1 M5 t u5 I
% A* f3 o" g% H- u答案很简单,也很令人难堪。在市场经济中,拯救儿童是一项没有利润的工作,政府也不 j9 \4 N( I) y* E
会提供补助。这些儿童之所以会死亡,是因为他们的父母在经济上没有实力,在政治上没
( j. B; |, v# C* T有能力发出声音。
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But you and I have both.
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2 _ b" E! ~$ b( V2 |& |3 j但是,你们和我在经济上有实力,在政治上能够发出声音。
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We can make market forces work better for the poor if we can develop a more cr
/ w4 F" X" K: P4 O5 ueative capitalism – if we can stretch the reach of market forces so that more ! S& K5 D) _/ A, p1 m
people can make a profit, or at least make a living, serving people who are s
; x+ d) o" x( Y6 ]uffering from the worst inequities. We also can press governments around the w 3 n& c* U: i! y4 t5 m2 V ^2 H
orld to spend taxpayer money in ways that better reflect the values of the peo & n$ H& H7 V! n
ple who pay the taxes. 7 Z. q5 b1 }& u" _( d. E3 s
8 v7 k+ r) `3 c- {1 {5 i3 \# E我们可以让市场更好地为穷人服务,如果我们能够设计出一种更有创新性的资本主义制度
1 k2 b+ w3 E& B" P+ i——如果我们可以改变市场,让更多的人可以获得利润,或者至少可以维持生活——那么 - _. @; w9 j9 F* C' I, W* {5 ~- s
,这就可以帮到那些正在极端不平等的状况中受苦的人们。我们还可以向全世界的政府施
% l' z, r. r3 |4 f! D3 z8 h压,要求他们将纳税人的钱,花到更符合纳税人价值观的地方。 " i1 \. q9 `. s
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If we can find approaches that meet the needs of the poor in ways that generat
) M5 Y0 H$ ]4 N% f! y2 o0 ]e profits for business and votes for politicians, we will have found a sustain
4 E; B' l4 p1 O1 r. D4 y' g, [" iable way to reduce inequity in the world. This task is open-ended. It can neve . u4 K0 ^0 o4 G+ v5 e
r be finished. But a conscious effort to answer this challenge will change the
/ ]3 {9 O& m2 S x: v% R/ `" uworld. ' ~% Q* K/ ^! J, Q
: G- p8 r. @3 i# `0 R如果我们能够找到这样一种方法,既可以帮到穷人,又可以为商人带来利润,为政治家带 0 M( X/ v) A- y) \; j
来选票,那么我们就找到了一种减少世界性不平等的可持续的发展道路。这个任务是无限 |( w# \6 [. |4 D) m1 W2 ?
的。它不可能被完全完成,但是任何自觉地解决这个问题的尝试,都将会改变这个世界。
( B1 W* O$ a* P, M0 ?; }+ C5 n4 d
/ |/ u3 Z4 @ G5 A% r: w4 I+ g
, {0 A+ k7 y! b4 bI am optimistic that we can do this, but I talk to skeptics who claim there is : L% o* F7 n+ S( y' I$ a4 Y8 f
no hope. They say: "Inequity has been with us since the beginning, and will b
1 ` m$ f0 X" h! u G p1 ?( w9 ]e with us till the end – because people just … don't … care." I completely 7 M* Y, T5 M* J }$ K. |
disagree. 1 T3 D6 G3 q3 E7 E+ X* `+ s1 h
% g" [* ^5 A/ M% f
在这个问题上,我是乐观的。但是,我也遇到过那些感到绝望的怀疑主义者。他们说:“
7 }& D: A$ W. ?' V' p- G; X不平等从人类诞生的第一天就存在,到人类灭亡的最后一天也将存在。——因为人类对这
/ P+ v8 M2 x: D" H- E9 Y个问题根本不在乎。”我完全不能同意这种观点。
1 ^# ]4 H( m" q0 i* R1 @8 Q
# x) e8 A4 t$ U8 ^; B+ o% zI believe we have more caring than we know what to do with.
, n8 Z$ Y. {" G0 g3 J9 w9 P$ ~/ O
我相信,问题不是我们不在乎,而是我们不知道怎么做。 ! a, ?' U5 g9 p/ v. h8 ~
- _9 k* _& B, L, O+ YAll of us here in this Yard, at one time or another, have seen human tragedies 7 w# n" X5 u( ?% Y4 t
that broke our hearts, and yet we did nothing – not because we didn't care, ' ~/ x4 c) M. ]. E5 b3 K- H
but because we didn't know what to do. If we had known how to help, we would h . v$ A# p3 q3 ~7 {4 Z
ave acted.
9 z* i y4 ~+ s2 _8 s$ b/ W7 b) w+ d. r; f, n
此刻在这个院子里的所有人,生命中总有这样或那样的时刻,目睹人类的悲剧,感到万分 $ l! J& J3 ]* b I0 P
伤心。但是我们什么也没做,并非我们无动于衷,而是因为我们不知道做什么和怎么做。 : z/ X4 b- s" p! D6 R& b
如果我们知道如何做是有效的,那么我们就会采取行动。 4 O% m' ~3 |; O
* m6 V& s! N9 J! `* S! g& ZThe barrier to change is not too little caring; it is too much complexity. ; U3 H3 k# r$ T
, J2 j5 v: N. I- }改变世界的阻碍,并非人类的冷漠,而是世界实在太复杂。 ' V3 J( O8 Z# `5 ~ ^/ y( N9 b
9 P1 M; [7 f5 r. c( i+ o( u% {To turn caring into action, we need to see a problem, see a solution, and see
1 \4 } l5 g( J: e) e- athe impact. But complexity blocks all three steps.
) X' ]* _# _7 i& X K# L; ^% w; y7 f% ]& J( u) n
为了将关心转变为行动,我们需要找到问题,发现解决办法的方法,评估后果。但是世界 . c9 \4 C5 c/ {
的复杂性使得所有这些步骤都难于做到。
- l- E6 P V+ W' J# Q' `1 q
& l7 b: w4 H1 a- _* qEven with the advent of the Internet and 24-hour news, it is still a complex e S7 b X- o. L6 m* y2 w
nterprise to get people to truly see the problems. When an airplane crashes, o ; l+ F$ |# p C' Z
fficials immediately call a press conference. They promise to investigate, det ; l2 W1 I% ]% M7 R4 z& t
ermine the cause, and prevent similar crashes in the future.
- ?9 m' S# _5 k7 i/ T; }- ~2 q6 s( N% K* \4 E$ B
即使有了互联网和24小时直播的新闻台,让人们真正发现问题所在,仍然十分困难。当一
$ Z% S3 z0 a6 R1 W% p架飞机坠毁了,官员们会立刻召开新闻发布会,他们承诺进行调查、找到原因、防止将来
9 d# ~2 q X; p1 ]- K再次发生类似事故。
/ K. {1 c a: `4 a7 A
& b$ v7 o9 r; M9 E+ rBut if the officials were brutally honest, they would say: "Of all the people
7 n% {* V: ?+ T0 ^7 p7 o$ Tin the world who died today from preventable causes, one half of one percent o . q9 L+ M5 k3 w* n! X6 D
f them were on this plane. We're determined to do everything possible to solve
7 t# C" _2 `& K' _/ X% C. E' nthe problem that took the lives of the one half of one percent." 6 o! ]0 w5 d, Y2 C
+ l/ U# u3 x1 @, F2 [$ F
但是如果那些官员敢说真话,他们就会说:“在今天这一天,全世界所有可以避免的死亡
' r. X/ u6 }$ }# M5 w: k' M. K6 c之中,只有0.5%的死者来自于这次空难。我们决心尽一切努力,调查这个0.5%的死亡原因
# X7 O5 E1 ^2 F6 u/ Y8 k。” ) S4 C: N( O# o
6 _+ C0 p; }, a I
The bigger problem is not the plane crash, but the millions of preventable dea * ^: D: Z+ Q+ r1 ~* w5 A6 |; h+ G1 h( N
ths. . Y; L5 T% {' F- O
7 h/ K" s* f5 O7 t9 Z6 G
显然,更重要的问题不是这次空难,而是其他几百万可以预防的死亡事件。 - g; L' N3 f$ ~ [% H
' o( E* E. D% Z/ c2 F5 {7 @We don't read much about these deaths. The media covers what's new – and mill
: L7 p) D, R/ J" ]7 x7 i: Tions of people dying is nothing new. So it stays in the background, where it's
+ p+ C! f( B# ~easier to ignore. But even when we do see it or read about it, it's difficult q' B) R/ N; r
to keep our eyes on the problem. It's hard to look at suffering if the situat . K% T! \/ J/ i. H$ U
ion is so complex that we don't know how to help. And so we look away.
: J1 j- L5 W. A# g1 ]0 t; y1 j6 n, a T0 J" z
我们并没有很多机会了解那些死亡事件。媒体总是报告新闻,几百万人将要死去并非新闻 " ]8 c( D& _/ v
。如果没有人报道,那么这些事件就很容易被忽视。另一方面,即使我们确实目睹了事件 & R( R! u; M, l- S7 }
本身或者看到了相关报道,我们也很难持续关注这些事件。看着他人受苦是令人痛苦的,
& }& @& _; D+ L. F4 W0 F何况问题又如此复杂,我们根本不知道如何去帮助他人。所以我们会将脸转过去。
- M5 O7 b d1 v/ i. [! a& I! s: [! L$ g* y3 ~- `
If we can really see a problem, which is the first step, we come to the second , k6 U+ t& x \
step: cutting through the complexity to find a solution.
& b C, r5 k2 M8 @2 E6 M' ?$ Q: ?2 q3 Y' @
就算我们真正发现了问题所在,也不过是迈出了第一步,接着还有第二步:那就是从复杂 0 l3 n1 h2 }5 s1 s
的事件中找到解决办法。 1 s; b1 p; `% h
: R" O$ N; z! G
Finding solutions is essential if we want to make the most of our caring. If w
3 z2 a- n( |2 g% ]9 {e have clear and proven answers anytime an organization or individual asks "Ho / l" y' U; p, R, Z
w can I help?," then we can get action – and we can make sure that none of th * S) y% e* r# K) u/ X, P
e caring in the world is wasted. But complexity makes it hard to mark a path o ?9 y! H4 s) B$ H+ J2 P+ ~
f action for everyone who cares — and that makes it hard for their caring to
' m/ o# A/ B. S( Qmatter.
2 v9 T0 a, c5 J+ ?, b; S
; R5 _0 T5 A7 C2 n# T9 y; p: p如果我们要让关心落到实处,我们就必须找到解决办法。如果我们有一个清晰的和可靠的 " c9 y5 u3 R! m# }- Z. e8 R- x6 ?3 `
答案,那么当任何组织和个人发出疑问“如何我能提供帮助”的时候,我们就能采取行动
4 S: F" c1 M( ^/ Q2 ]。我们就能够保证不浪费一丁点全世界人类对他人的关心。但是,世界的复杂性使得很难
k3 C9 f! W' j3 H$ u* x找到对全世界每一个有爱心的人都有效的行动方法,因此人类对他人的关心往往很难产生
; O8 I/ e7 K# j) w5 u实际效果。 / k6 G/ `" r& j6 V/ H: K$ w+ b
1 @9 H; s+ ]* {+ f+ B; }1 S* l& dCutting through complexity to find a solution runs through four predictable st - I( a$ C1 M8 F8 R6 y3 i
ages: determine a goal, find the highest-leverage approach, discover the ideal
/ U% Q/ m( K; G3 Ztechnology for that approach, and in the meantime, make the smartest applicat
5 {) k" v4 d* o# k" P- [ion of the technology that you already have — whether it's something sophisti 6 Z; j; @: Y& ~5 N
cated, like a drug, or something simpler, like a bednet. 9 D. i6 f" w: x5 f6 b8 {
% V" Z& W* x% ? b
从这个复杂的世界中找到解决办法,可以分为四个步骤:确定目标,找到最高效的方法, ! j7 ]; z# Y# z( `% t
发现适用于这个方法的新技术,同时最聪明地利用现有的技术,不管它是复杂的药物,还
. O; r. J. C! E4 }& }5 r# R是最简单的蚊帐。
& r S' u# q+ X3 E3 D
# a0 S7 v) x3 K) {+ G" _The AIDS epidemic offers an example. The broad goal, of course, is to end the
# T! `! U# b- [9 udisease. The highest-leverage approach is prevention. The ideal technology wou 9 r3 |5 O. r% S/ ^9 \8 N# z
ld be a vaccine that gives lifetime immunity with a single dose. So government
) C1 f6 z# @) A$ I ms, drug companies, and foundations fund vaccine research. But their work is li ' R/ `- ?" y. t# C0 \$ E# N" Z: T$ n
kely to take more than a decade, so in the meantime, we have to work with what 5 q6 c- x% v3 Z# l( {& H: x& v
we have in hand – and the best prevention approach we have now is getting pe 3 Z+ h) _, n' M7 i' C) u% L
ople to avoid risky behavior.
2 Y T* v" u9 C5 h5 c/ {5 @
( l. z' W$ a4 y$ N `艾滋病就是一个例子。总的目标,毫无疑问是消灭这种疾病。最高效的方法是预防。最理 $ W' G" D% ]! r$ c
想的技术是发明一种疫苗,只要注射一次,就可以终生免疫。所以,政府、制药公司、基 $ f5 k9 R) ^5 d0 r
金会应该资助疫苗研究。但是,这样研究工作很可能十年之内都无法完成。因此,与此同
R4 R, V: H9 |, ^时,我们必须使用现有的技术,目前最有效的预防方法就是设法让人们避免那些危险的行
5 S& x8 J& d: j# y4 F为。 ( T: @% Z W$ I# @5 P2 J8 a# w8 L
* B9 m/ z; {' W
Pursuing that goal starts the four-step cycle again. This is the pattern. The
6 d: l& L& d3 }9 Q7 Gcrucial thing is to never stop thinking and working – and never do what we di e% N& v* l1 j2 r$ O3 v0 \8 o
d with malaria and tuberculosis in the 20th century – which is to surrender t 0 P2 p! D) O: Y2 |9 s" M7 {) K
o complexity and quit. 5 j* ~5 ?& J: c6 _- r
2 Y0 H4 J" B2 m5 O1 N7 t6 D
要实现这个新的目标,又可以采用新的四步循环。这是一种模式。关键的东西是永远不要 3 g: E+ v1 S- j
停止思考和行动。我们千万不能再犯上个世纪在疟疾和肺结核上犯过的错误,那时我们因 ; }- t9 e2 A( F$ X6 F! l( h
为它们太复杂,而放弃了采取行动。 ; q4 X: T8 ]3 @5 T# p/ h0 K
3 u7 W. }1 R( S* y1 b0 @5 v! y% K0 G
The final step – after seeing the problem and finding an approach – is to me ! j8 m6 V* q4 F' I0 }
asure the impact of your work and share your successes and failures so that ot 3 Z' r2 M8 S' i# `6 \% M
hers learn from your efforts.
9 e* U$ ~* g+ H0 g; t
. N8 R+ X% m# K: Z% C T在发现问题和找到解决方法之后,就是最后一步——评估工作结果,将你的成功经验或者
( q& r+ w3 a: U4 _8 W& }/ s失败经验传播出去,这样其他人就可以从你的努力中有所收获。
* S- P, H+ A2 j; k% b9 E. k7 o9 M' b, H W N5 E, u6 A" A
You have to have the statistics, of course. You have to be able to show that a 4 a$ ^0 @% u, A% M M* j, k" |6 y
program is vaccinating millions more children. You have to be able to show a ; J) _, a E% h
decline in the number of children dying from these diseases. This is essential 8 n% ^- c, k" P5 O1 _
not just to improve the program, but also to help draw more investment from b 3 A! z7 R( I' B9 C$ ` \6 C* _+ K
usiness and government. # i: J* d7 Z! g4 u# X1 S0 `
9 \' h7 `8 @# V; m$ e8 w
当然,你必须有一些统计数字。你必须让他人知道,你的项目为几百万儿童新接种了疫苗
9 S; L7 O- H s7 y# v。你也必须让他人知道,儿童死亡人数下降了多少。这些都是很关键的,不仅有利于改善 * [) F& t5 U( Y, W& p$ z/ l9 Z: ~, v! k
项目效果,也有利于从商界和政府得到更多的帮助。 7 C/ G) h7 ~0 S% l/ n' Z( ~* N
* A( j2 Z$ M" l1 T+ m0 Y
But if you want to inspire people to participate, you have to show more than n
5 h- j/ A) t7 k! M3 ^8 E* `umbers; you have to convey the human impact of the work – so people can feel
& B7 C% O) {8 ?3 I+ Z5 [' Q/ Gwhat saving a life means to the families affected. " J/ z) [( A, F% J! y3 @- f9 w
9 a' I: N! @. s但是,这些还不够,如果你想激励其他人参加你的项目,你就必须拿出更多的统计数字;
9 Y5 e: K) |: V2 w你必须展示你的项目的人性因素,这样其他人就会感到拯救一个生命,对那些处在困境中 , s2 Z$ m; N" i4 C. D; E, l6 c
的家庭到底意味着什么。
{9 L: _: S5 ^; z# Q8 v+ ?8 [. l0 F5 e- k
I remember going to Davos some years back and sitting on a global health panel , O5 y% M/ D& S2 L& J2 ~" L; B% v3 ~
that was discussing ways to save millions of lives. Millions! Think of the th # K, _# i2 T0 H2 o( T! B: O
rill of saving just one person's life – then multiply that by millions. … Ye ) {7 ~: T3 X- V' k+ E5 }* `
t this was the most boring panel I've ever been on – ever. So boring even I c
+ h) b2 v7 D6 F8 |: W, O+ G% uouldn't bear it.
5 y* H7 K/ @+ p+ w
* g# k+ L L: |6 V几年前,我去瑞士达沃斯旁听一个全球健康问题论坛,会议的内容有关于如何拯救几百万
' ^ E3 e5 o5 h0 }; G$ k3 g8 Y0 G$ ]条生命。天哪,是几百万!想一想吧,拯救一个人的生命已经让人何等激动,现在你要把
4 ^7 W4 P5 I0 V0 m这种激动再乘上几百万倍……但是,不幸的是,这是我参加过的最最乏味的论坛,乏味到 ( |' Z' ?/ N( |/ l9 g: `- L2 z
我无法强迫自己听下去。
# }6 d6 F% B x, e, ^
3 h' a9 W1 R- x- c: G* a$ I4 sWhat made that experience especially striking was that I had just come from an
+ v- Y8 e/ g' a; Q" f* x3 ^* Aevent where we were introducing version 13 of some piece of software, and we , I: i2 x( z' J+ G* L
had people jumping and shouting with excitement. I love getting people excited
. m$ f+ {8 v2 N. ?: Mabout software – but why can't we generate even more excitement for saving l
% O# M, u8 @9 A3 R% T8 J+ n" Aives?
& A, G6 B; d& ?2 G4 U+ m$ T8 c) K/ m6 s; D: d
那次经历之所以让我难忘,是因为之前我们刚刚发布了一个软件的第13个版本,我们让观 , i/ Y. x( W8 _8 P
众激动得跳了起来,喊出了声。我喜欢人们因为软件而感到激动,那么我们为什么不能够 5 k' n( G( m% p# d$ n
让人们因为能够拯救生命而感到更加激动呢? : J# Q Z, u* ]" [
8 l1 V1 K$ ]7 ~0 B3 T, \You can't get people excited unless you can help them see and feel the impact.
" h" L! ~+ F: u# n0 a9 I/ V) ?% IAnd how you do that – is a complex question. ' T# _9 v( Q: w% z) C, y
2 O. T; Z# Y- N6 H' v; y除非你能够让人们看到或者感受到行动的影响力,否则你无法让人们激动。如何做到这一 ( R1 {4 d8 e$ p8 W1 u/ a/ n3 P- X
点,并不是一件简单的事。
; z/ X5 s# [" ]" j6 J- C6 F5 N, R5 M! ~ X2 U5 S7 S
Still, I'm optimistic. Yes, inequity has been with us forever, but the new too # q8 Q. j1 |$ x% v# k
ls we have to cut through complexity have not been with us forever. They are n
7 A* Y/ V3 S t6 j* K! Z: Gew – they can help us make the most of our caring – and that's why the futur
5 U( S# s0 S6 Q9 `e can be different from the past.
- h1 L+ r) W# H: f9 F4 v& S9 Q9 A1 {1 u/ W" E- [; y
同前面一样,在这个问题上,我依然是乐观的。不错,人类的不平等有史以来一直存在, * n# M8 U% N4 i2 K
但是那些能够化繁为简的新工具,却是最近才出现的。这些新工具可以帮助我们,将人类
+ Z% _7 w2 [, Y- x, S# L2 @的同情心发挥最大的作用,这就是为什么将来同过去是不一样的。 1 w3 j. d5 L6 d* e' ^+ Z3 j7 d- ?
' D3 b( \5 B9 i3 ?/ a
The defining and ongoing innovations of this age – biotechnology, the compute 3 a+ I& |8 T. f4 t( `! `
r, the Internet – give us a chance we've never had before to end extreme pove % Y2 G* o: v- C& H8 I2 I) |
rty and end death from preventable disease.
& z C7 C8 }( ~/ ^' z8 h! h R5 L# I# U/ ^( `, c e$ N
这个时代无时无刻不在涌现出新的革新——生物技术,计算机,互联网——它们给了我们
0 S. o' {# [7 Z( }一个从未有过的机会,去终结那些极端的贫穷和非恶性疾病的死亡。 5 X, B" E- H' D( P# F2 O
+ Y* k- i x" M, W8 o4 W1 YSixty years ago, George Marshall came to this commencement and announced a pla * V( F2 J1 z/ ^
n to assist the nations of post-war Europe. He said: "I think one difficulty i
$ P0 `7 }( f: q: ~, H hs that the problem is one of such enormous complexity that the very mass of fa
: h% R. q: _% J9 C+ icts presented to the public by press and radio make it exceedingly difficult f
& G+ ^! E$ M) S& b) \" `8 [or the man in the street to reach a clear appraisement of the situation. It is , h2 i u/ P9 l; C ~9 d8 K% P% t
virtually impossible at this distance to grasp at all the real significance o - W, N! i% W- |+ m
f the situation."
- d" h c$ T# B e3 ]
1 K8 s8 I6 ^+ P+ V六十年前,乔治·马歇尔也是在这个地方的毕业典礼上,宣布了一个计划,帮助那些欧洲 " j; k* q' B X
国家的战后建设。他说:“我认为,困难的一点是这个问题太复杂,报纸和电台向公众源 " p' G% R1 g8 A M
源不断地提供各种事实,使得大街上的普通人极端难于清晰地判断形势。事实上,经过层 5 u r1 ~" Y& l1 N k1 x
层传播,想要真正地把握形势,是根本不可能的。”
, V$ h6 I& N1 k' ~( F( H4 g; h, A' k, C8 M
Thirty years after Marshall made his address, as my class graduated without me
# q, P' D/ a4 I3 s8 ]% A8 R; v: q, technology was emerging that would make the world smaller, more open, more v
$ _: z9 K' |4 o" M/ Aisible, less distant. F. F4 R! A$ _' ]1 [% Q% F$ X
6 e7 p! `; P% M4 ?1 O5 e马歇尔发表这个演讲之后的三十年,我那一届学生毕业,当然我不在其中。那时,新技术
: O- t o+ k. O# A' `6 K1 |, H刚刚开始萌芽,它们将使得这个世界变得更小、更开放、更容易看到、距离更近。
4 G5 h7 K5 i: m1 y) ~. `; O' K( t- `6 C6 v. h1 u
The emergence of low-cost personal computers gave rise to a powerful network t 1 V% z" T/ p# f5 E; n$ @
hat has transformed opportunities for learning and communicating.
3 k3 k; ^6 E0 f4 w4 m' P( [8 R. k$ V" \& j9 L+ x, B. b+ x$ ^
低成本的个人电脑的出现,使得一个强大的互联网有机会诞生,它为学习和交流提供了巨
. \, r, @: G, e) c大的机会。 ! c# }2 @' G# j4 |4 J
' J; E4 ~5 r ]/ H& t# O1 KThe magical thing about this network is not just that it collapses distance an
; E( m) E" |5 Z1 [! Y% T! nd makes everyone your neighbor. It also dramatically increases the number of b
3 |! P2 O/ c/ O/ Mrilliant minds we can have working together on the same problem – and that sc
' l2 Q2 ~% I0 N# oales up the rate of innovation to a staggering degree.
4 {; k1 t' B* T+ t9 }8 z1 ^# x0 t5 c) y+ z/ N& _0 D
网络的神奇之处,不仅仅是它缩短了物理距离,使得天涯若比邻。它还极大地增加了怀有
F3 O/ _* g% P( S9 h2 A8 v共同想法的人们聚集在一起的机会,我们可以为了解决同一个问题,一起共同工作。这就
! I4 z9 ? L- S$ K( x, \" A) f3 u大大加快了革新的进程,发展速度简直快得让人震惊。
, f2 @: q5 H; R; q3 m" z* r
$ V+ u) ^: u$ m" B+ s0 @' mAt the same time, for every person in the world who has access to this technol 5 ?( V4 y% O0 s, t: x
ogy, five people don't. That means many creative minds are left out of this di 3 t& c# W8 K2 n7 |& y5 n
scussion -- smart people with practical intelligence and relevant experience w
- Z+ s# D( L3 Who don't have the technology to hone their talents or contribute their ideas t " |" Y G. x" @& l6 ^1 x) m
o the world.
# O" C, ^9 g1 z# s6 b7 E0 r9 n/ @9 V9 g$ r) q# n. g h
与此同时,世界上有条件上网的人,只是全部人口的六分之一。这意味着,还有许多具有 4 ?, @' F) Q. _# T. x" b
创造性的人们,没有加入到我们的讨论中来。那些有着实际的操作经验和相关经历的聪明 9 V! y. E- x! @1 [# Y
人,却没有技术来帮助他们,将他们的天赋或者想法与全世界分享。
3 x$ _9 @0 g) j3 K# W3 }. l& R, g3 ]* ~) r5 h
We need as many people as possible to have access to this technology, because 4 J2 A2 ?: n* V1 j( n) J
these advances are triggering a revolution in what human beings can do for one , s# ^# E% w$ ^2 B0 J
another. They are making it possible not just for national governments, but f 2 c. w, y. s% Q e, C+ D; l
or universities, corporations, smaller organizations, and even individuals to
. j" o3 o6 O$ U6 @ e0 wsee problems, see approaches, and measure the impact of their efforts to addre
; D J( y( M" y$ r2 @1 z0 gss the hunger, poverty, and desperation George Marshall spoke of 60 years ago.
5 n1 @1 N: P e8 L9 g
- ~# O, }0 F4 X* B( C6 T1 A5 }0 h; F6 K* R; {, v$ M2 G8 [# z4 t
我们需要尽可能地让更多的人有机会使用新技术,因为这些新技术正在引发一场革命,人
6 ^# S5 |" s" l/ i& X$ [3 m5 A类将因此可以互相帮助。新技术正在创造一种可能,不仅是政府,还包括大学、公司、小 0 a9 a0 T* @8 B0 @5 p b2 y& G
机构、甚至个人,能够发现问题所在、能够找到解决办法、能够评估他们努力的效果,去
9 E2 U' W' i, y% @改变那些马歇尔六十年前就说到过的问题——饥饿、贫穷和绝望。
2 X, z5 [+ `/ D, q% v) N3 G
3 \) K- i, v$ q! ^& fMembers of the Harvard Family: Here in the Yard is one of the great collection
~- C: ? V {2 T/ B2 Z9 qs of intellectual talent in the world. 7 v4 @; W# J7 B5 _
/ h6 p. d& [8 w" ~7 Y哈佛是一个大家庭。这个院子里在场的人们,是全世界最有智力的人类群体之一。
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$ b; Y1 U% a& Z, b1 yWhat for? 4 q [! w" e C4 j
$ n1 V H* R1 c, J0 c ^' }
我们可以做些什么? ' V: f+ N7 ?3 F. ?! Y
+ g# P8 c1 ~- w
There is no question that the faculty, the alumni, the students, and the benef * A+ y f* R8 E' s
actors of Harvard have used their power to improve the lives of people here an
( D t s! _. Nd around the world. But can we do more? Can Harvard dedicate its intellect to
0 V5 G" e9 U( q2 Q6 mimproving the lives of people who will never even hear its name? ( i% u6 D- I( k$ c, O9 Z
; }' D& E7 D4 I" p4 e毫无疑问,哈佛的老师、校友、学生和资助者,已经用他们的能力改善了全世界各地人们
) Y3 Q' X+ ^, Y1 i8 \的生活。但是,我们还能够再做什么呢?有没有可能,哈佛的人们可以将他们的智慧,用
' b$ I- M& Y+ V6 y来帮助那些甚至从来没有听到过“哈佛”这个名字的人? . k" W; x: i2 J
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Let me make a request of the deans and the professors – the intellectual lead ( Y! H$ } Y) U; B- X$ V
ers here at Harvard: As you hire new faculty, award tenure, review curriculum,
' g8 ]; a& [+ r9 f0 `+ r ~7 Yand determine degree requirements, please ask yourselves:
C7 ^1 L3 N$ c# i# f
1 \' R) E, D; h" f) \8 s) _) [请允许我向各位院长和教授,提出一个请求——你们是哈佛的智力领袖,当你们雇用新的 8 N0 s0 k* J. M- p D* S, ~: A8 L
老师、授予终身教职、评估课程、决定学位颁发标准的时候,请问你们自己如下的问题: * G+ H9 G! x" R) B4 ]
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9 ~6 N) z- G0 ~ x8 ZShould our best minds be dedicated to solving our biggest problems?
( f9 v% H9 \' c! d7 i9 n! H4 x- [- \) K% C: H. b
我们最优秀的人才是否在致力于解决我们最大的问题? ( _/ J0 U4 z: _8 D- q5 N
0 B4 u& G1 k7 x7 r6 u0 c; p* xShould Harvard encourage its faculty to take on the world's worst inequities? ; j7 X9 x: E( K) Q: P1 K; A% L. w
Should Harvard students learn about the depth of global poverty … the prevale : R4 T* d/ U6 x
nce of world hunger … the scarcity of clean water …the girls kept out of sch
1 ?$ Y: S1 X% `$ Oool … the children who die from diseases we can cure?
/ f, o' l) y. ?7 y% s* [% ^% m
5 ^8 a! C5 ]! v1 m9 K哈佛是否鼓励她的老师去研究解决世界上最严重的不平等?哈佛的学生是否从全球那些极
; |- U' J# K- J: d2 W2 T0 D* E端的贫穷中学到了什么……世界性的饥荒……清洁的水资源的缺乏……无法上学的女童… 5 w7 a9 I. L6 A S. R0 u& e) q
…死于非恶性疾病的儿童……哈佛的学生有没有从中学到东西? 6 N7 j3 L, K- j
" x" Q8 }& _7 b7 P0 b, F
Should the world's most privileged people learn about the lives of the world's
4 O, c9 |4 H$ f/ K" ]& s1 U1 nleast privileged?
6 X( p. B$ K# N8 ]% Y9 n$ J# \
) h! n1 |3 D) Z7 [' v那些世界上过着最优越生活的人们,有没有从那些最困难的人们身上学到东西? / U8 w$ Y" N4 D `& G6 A
9 } m$ I' ^: V- p+ MThese are not rhetorical questions – you will answer with your policies. 8 [4 y# M7 q d% A, B Z0 I
# f9 |: S) ]3 R2 t+ o! X
这些问题并非语言上的修辞。你必须用自己的行动来回答它们。
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My mother, who was filled with pride the day I was admitted here – never stop
4 q4 r+ K) k6 ~& ]ped pressing me to do more for others. A few days before my wedding, she hoste , o+ \$ v* |' m/ a" n
d a bridal event, at which she read aloud a letter about marriage that she had : g& i5 s+ U: S( ~! ^
written to Melinda. My mother was very ill with cancer at the time, but she s
% M5 N6 S5 E* K% h* u# @aw one more opportunity to deliver her message, and at the close of the letter 2 O0 J+ o8 _9 j
she said: "From those to whom much is given, much is expected."
3 \: \; B% Q* Q' ~; s! ^0 I" I6 n. C# `7 |3 N2 d9 K
我的母亲在我被哈佛大学录取的那一天,曾经感到非常骄傲。她从没有停止督促我,去为
% p1 u3 D: z* K+ s( D# E他人做更多的事情。在我结婚的前几天,她主持了一个新娘进我家的仪式。在这个仪式上
9 E5 f/ n0 ~' s% I/ } Q& q A3 {! U,她高声朗读了一封关于婚姻的信,这是她写给Melinda的。那时,我的母亲已经因为癌症
" z1 u6 c# A5 s! m Z/ Y2 A# D- a病入膏肓,但是她还是认为这是又一个传播她的信念的机会。在那封信的结尾,她写道:
( l! ?+ D, N/ {) D1 X“对于那些接受了许多帮助的人们,他们还在期待更多的帮助。你的能力越大,人们对你 1 x' S, P6 x( R; _( ^0 g8 Z
的期望也就越大。” ( p$ S2 y f+ |5 ]1 x+ W8 W
$ ^7 u0 _- y' [, @1 TWhen you consider what those of us here in this Yard have been given – in tal
9 |+ R/ L6 {3 Oent, privilege, and opportunity – there is almost no limit to what the world
! B& G2 K7 q( n/ |8 Ehas a right to expect from us.
+ R$ a) h. Z- O% r
, p/ c# d8 v: G; {想一想吧,我们在这个院子里的这些人,被给予过什么——天赋、特权、机遇——那么可
, e- W1 f) N. d N以这样说,全世界的人们几乎有无限的权力,期待我们做出贡献。
9 {# W1 p" t+ m& H2 s# V3 S
$ Y' N Y3 X _$ x; d( qIn line with the promise of this age, I want to exhort each of the graduates h & n6 S+ _4 }+ n, Q6 V& S o* a
ere to take on an issue – a complex problem, a deep inequity, and become a sp ) k( n$ |% r2 _4 ~6 B! T9 k
ecialist on it. If you make it the focus of your career, that would be phenome
! o" U+ V- P0 c6 Enal. But you don't have to do that to make an impact. For a few hours every we
3 q; Z% y+ A" Y6 C7 Tek, you can use the growing power of the Internet to get informed, find others ! }! ]4 ^$ `( [" z/ N! R
with the same interests, see the barriers, and find ways to cut through them.
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; Y+ }' I$ t/ l0 B# L* V
同这个时代的期望一样,我也要向今天各位毕业的同学提出一个忠告:你们要选择一个问 $ ]8 ^; c# \9 u+ M1 ]+ {7 R3 I
题,一个复杂的问题,一个有关于人类深刻的不平等的问题,然后你们要变成这个问题的
/ q4 `" v5 G o) l+ } t, z( o专家。如果你们能够使得这个问题成为你们职业的核心,那么你们就会非常杰出。但是,
) P" b& N1 O, A4 z- N4 Z你们不必一定要去做那些大事。每个星期只用几个小时,你就可以通过互联网得到信息, / h4 _- O0 W3 |. I( s7 G- _
找到志同道合的朋友,发现困难所在,找到解决它们的途径。 # M7 A( g. E3 e6 R7 }
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Don't let complexity stop you. Be activists. Take on the big inequities. It wi . H/ l; ?4 s6 R
ll be one of the great experiences of your lives.
# F: O- e% F- Q7 d9 ^8 q# V+ x7 \- X) n6 {/ c
不要让这个世界的复杂性阻碍你前进。要成为一个行动主义者。将解决人类的不平等视为
) K$ j# J( h7 I己任。它将成为你生命中最重要的经历之一。 8 i0 y4 `# \% E! A0 }) [3 [0 f" f$ {
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You graduates are coming of age in an amazing time. As you leave Harvard, you # O! G# v/ S0 |. ?
have technology that members of my class never had. You have awareness of glob ) `+ x: d: V+ Q
al inequity, which we did not have. And with that awareness, you likely also h $ P5 Q5 H9 l/ c
ave an informed conscience that will torment you if you abandon these people w
9 r5 z+ R4 { Phose lives you could change with very little effort. You have more than we had - L' V: s' m" @1 V4 c
; you must start sooner, and carry on longer.
% q( D0 V( z4 D( @# _8 q* [0 k% D9 Z8 \2 s7 R3 p
在座的各位毕业的同学,你们所处的时代是一个神奇的时代。当你们离开哈佛的时候,你
! S3 g5 Y4 ?- T$ `5 Q5 j G们拥有的技术,是我们那一届学生所没有的。你们已经了解到了世界上的不平等,我们那 d1 K" [9 Z* J- ^9 u: G
时还不知道这些。有了这样的了解之后,要是你再弃那些你可以帮助的人们于不顾,就将
) J2 w1 V. K# J3 Z受到良心的谴责,只需一点小小的努力,你就可以改变那些人们的生活。你们比我们拥有 * V' A0 z8 W; l* ]3 B$ r
更大的能力;你们必须尽早开始,尽可能长时期坚持下去。
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) f+ o0 Y7 i) ^Knowing what you know, how could you not?
7 y& z9 n( C$ Q- \2 e
( r! g0 w& s2 ?知道了你们所知道的一切,你们怎么可能不采取行动呢?
7 C% u8 U( a A1 H) T" M& n1 O9 C: t% i* d; Y, ~
And I hope you will come back here to Harvard 30 years from now and reflect on
7 ? x4 Q/ j) q, F* n, awhat you have done with your talent and your energy. I hope you will judge yo
' G7 w, H# G7 Z9 S F6 `urselves not on your professional accomplishments alone, but also on how well
! {8 q$ p" g; P+ byou have addressed the world's deepest inequities … on how well you treated p & D$ i2 ^2 K# T% s a9 Z1 E8 H
eople a world away who have nothing in common with you but their humanity. 9 d- M9 `4 Z- O5 U: y
g( V: b8 w7 I4 g) H0 L0 }
我希望,30年后你们还会再回到哈佛,想起你们用自己的天赋和能力所做出的一切。我希
H A( Y4 {. u4 {7 ^5 k" F% T, r3 j望,在那个时候,你们用来评价自己的标准,不仅仅是你们的专业成就,而包括你们为改 0 l# V' s0 d! U$ I5 L/ d) ?
变这个世界深刻的不平等所做出的努力,以及你们如何善待那些远隔千山万水、与你们毫
7 V: p4 \* K" R% L不涉及的人们,你们与他们唯一的共同点就是同为人类。 |
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