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2008-11-02 01:02:11 来自: lightpie(上次登录还是1.5年前.....)
6 U) {$ `; J; k! m0 w比尔·盖茨在哈佛大学毕业典礼上的演讲 & V6 a, w6 `1 r' T9 ~0 ]
" M- Q* z4 _9 v; s3 c: G/ O2007年6月7日
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阮一峰 译
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: ]" @8 h0 F8 ?1 i4 OPresident Bok, former President Rudenstine, incoming President Faust, members
* ~1 e) d4 x" H: J* @7 h7 \of the Harvard Corporation and the Board of Overseers, members of the faculty,
( h% s2 A% E" t% B' z k6 F$ qparents, and especially, the graduates: $ ~" B" D, l" [1 A
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尊敬的Bok校长,Rudenstine前校长,即将上任的Faust校长,哈佛集团的各位成员,监管
3 y) b7 t c0 j理事会的各位理事,各位老师,各位家长,各位同学:
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I've been waiting more than 30 years to say this: "Dad, I always told you I'd
; J9 a7 l- b: n; v" Mcome back and get my degree." 3 B* ]1 y; G/ K P
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有一句话我等了三十年,现在终于可以说了:“老爸,我总是跟你说,我会回来拿到我的 U' a _- U: k' Q
学位的!”
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I want to thank Harvard for this timely honor. I'll be changing my job next ye $ k5 n0 g% E, ^7 |) K' O0 _% Y4 j
ar … and it will be nice to finally have a college degree on my resume. 3 q' K8 A, \& d7 A$ d3 x5 S4 E
1 d( M6 z2 @5 w5 q; O3 y我要感谢哈佛大学在这个时候给我这个荣誉。明年,我就要换工作了(注:指从微软公司
5 N' L- I+ t$ p0 n* C* u退休)……我终于可以在简历上写我有一个本科学位,这真是不错啊。 U: Q/ s5 f3 g
" F+ ^! A% Z" t0 }5 WI applaud the graduates today for taking a much more direct route to your degr , D( p; T* i0 _+ p2 T) j( W3 o
ees. For my part, I'm just happy that the Crimson has called me "Harvard's mos
: X1 o3 N6 e0 p# _$ I/ i/ m1 ~; v3 ~t successful dropout." I guess that makes me valedictorian of my own special c
% [. V( v0 ^3 ~9 C! y6 llass … I did the best of everyone who failed. ! h% R$ U( i4 f; ]8 j
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我为今天在座的各位同学感到高兴,你们拿到学位可比我简单多了。哈佛的校报称我是“ ' t1 o4 O1 y2 C9 X, M$ w3 k+ }
哈佛大学历史上最成功的辍学生”。我想这大概使我有资格代表我这一类学生发言……在
: Q( T2 Q6 t8 P所有的失败者里,我做得最好。 # p6 l' @) k n# ^
& r6 x3 [! V! k- QBut I also want to be recognized as the guy who got Steve Ballmer to drop out $ l4 X# P+ G3 M; M! {# K- k7 j
of business school. I'm a bad influence. That's why I was invited to speak at
: t4 I: r2 M' M) \4 h/ Eyour graduation. If I had spoken at your orientation, fewer of you might be he
7 k! n6 L: y- k$ Y- {- Fre today. . T& h* V: [& z: _1 Q
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但是,我还要提醒大家,我使得Steve Ballmer(注:微软总经理)也从哈佛商学院退学了 & i* ~4 |0 p* k7 a
。因此,我是个有着恶劣影响力的人。这就是为什么我被邀请来在你们的毕业典礼上演讲 1 L. Z Z2 u6 J, R" n" `1 {
。如果我在你们入学欢迎仪式上演讲,那么能够坚持到今天在这里毕业的人也许会少得多 ( E: U+ g# `, b4 L5 A3 `$ ?
吧。
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" t$ ]/ d/ `/ n' j1 e, r9 ~/ [Harvard was just a phenomenal experience for me. Academic life was fascinating & j" l. }( @9 g/ o3 ^
. I used to sit in on lots of classes I hadn't even signed up for. And dorm li
! {' |- O5 r8 [* Z& x# Hfe was terrific. I lived up at Radcliffe, in Currier House. There were always
+ r; j" E8 E6 t8 j S- Plots of people in my dorm room late at night discussing things, because everyo ' m, R* w+ R0 l
ne knew I didn't worry about getting up in the morning. That's how I came to b
9 o& Q4 z8 \: L5 Pe the leader of the anti-social group. We clung to each other as a way of vali : N) F$ k& B7 M1 z
dating our rejection of all those social people. ) }4 [, e% L8 r9 a5 q
6 w5 i/ o8 b$ K% r对我来说,哈佛的求学经历是一段非凡的经历。校园生活很有趣,我常去旁听我没选修的 + F& c' `) K1 J. p' |. O8 u
课。哈佛的课外生活也很棒,我在Radcliffe过着逍遥自在的日子。每天我的寝室里总有很
4 Z4 f2 j, [: r* e& c. t多人一直待到半夜,讨论着各种事情。因为每个人都知道我从不考虑第二天早起。这使得
5 W( r$ T7 ]. R' A我变成了校园里那些不安分学生的头头,我们互相粘在一起,做出一种拒绝所有正常学生
/ P( W3 P+ d6 J' d的姿态。 8 V4 x2 R6 T; f ?" M2 C$ y3 R
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Radcliffe was a great place to live. There were more women up there, and most ) E1 I! R" N6 i' u) X k6 L. [4 u
of the guys were science-math types. That combination offered me the best odds ( C2 t: f4 ]. Y, y5 O
, if you know what I mean. This is where I learned the sad lesson that improvi ' `' S/ s- Z) {6 A2 D# H" d4 U
ng your odds doesn't guarantee success.
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?8 M! x0 F! g; l; N5 URadcliffe是个过日子的好地方。那里的女生比男生多,而且大多数男生都是理工科的。这 # H! d5 z9 g5 l3 O0 G
种状况为我创造了最好的机会,如果你们明白我的意思。可惜的是,我正是在这里学到了 % I- i" i, e0 x# T
人生中悲伤的一课:机会大,并不等于你就会成功。 : Y$ O: M I/ ^0 n& G' M2 Q# l
/ s1 Y! M1 J- U* l: J& t* cOne of my biggest memories of Harvard came in January 1975, when I made a call
$ t1 P1 Z+ T6 m" v' e Sfrom Currier House to a company in Albuquerque that had begun making the worl
& g: Q7 c. q* Y7 }8 H" `$ i! Jd's first personal computers. I offered to sell them software. S3 l# s* B" Q0 M( n" r; I! |! n& T
: ^1 _' N- o" }- J) d& w我在哈佛最难忘的回忆之一,发生在1975年1月。那时,我从宿舍楼里给位于Albuquerque 5 S4 U5 x8 R0 i* ~8 g- |
的一家公司打了一个电话,那家公司已经在着手制造世界上第一台个人电脑。我提出想向
4 E' h P a4 D* N/ \; h$ h他们出售软件。
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& ^) }1 e, a1 u. Z9 rI worried that they would realize I was just a student in a dorm and hang up o
6 h) W. K9 \' b( y8 Gn me. Instead they said: "We're not quite ready, come see us in a month," whic
: h) ?; `+ A( Ch was a good thing, because we hadn't written the software yet. From that mome
/ b( K& t5 a7 ^" knt, I worked day and night on this little extra credit project that marked the ) d" n& O$ f5 Q) f
end of my college education and the beginning of a remarkable journey with Mi : j" h7 q1 l0 P
crosoft. 0 _# P3 a5 e$ B
2 v9 ?# G! y& @. i6 x9 B8 E我很担心,他们会发觉我是一个住在宿舍的学生,从而挂断电话。但是他们却说:“我们 8 M' G+ B, t( O' {) J$ c" V
还没准备好,一个月后你再来找我们吧。”这是个好消息,因为那时软件还根本没有写出 I `- ?7 l& d4 H+ N' D
来呢。就是从那个时候起,我日以继夜地在这个小小的课外项目上工作,这导致了我学生 % C; L5 ?" z3 D
生活的结束,以及通往微软公司的不平凡的旅程的开始。
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: A% S( J4 E/ a; _% N3 ]What I remember above all about Harvard was being in the midst of so much ener * o0 }7 _; ]5 i/ x8 n/ a3 x& u
gy and intelligence. It could be exhilarating, intimidating, sometimes even di + d0 t* f6 h9 C" a
scouraging, but always challenging. It was an amazing privilege – and though
3 _. w# b* ]) ZI left early, I was transformed by my years at Harvard, the friendships I made
4 ]! @3 I Y, N3 V6 o6 \% R, and the ideas I worked on. 9 z; T; c8 }3 h8 S
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不管怎样,我对哈佛的回忆主要都与充沛的精力和智力活动有关。哈佛的生活令人愉快, & L1 |) `8 g+ c/ T4 {( _% h
也令人感到有压力,有时甚至会感到泄气,但永远充满了挑战性。生活在哈佛是一种吸引
3 D4 A3 f0 F4 r j人的特殊待遇……虽然我离开得比较早,但是我在这里的经历、在这里结识的朋友、在这 1 c: K' u% R4 U# g9 t; H* A
里发展起来的一些想法,永远地改变了我。
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% {$ W- G: N" H4 @: sBut taking a serious look back … I do have one big regret. 1 ~" h2 g7 m% f. S
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但是,如果现在严肃地回忆起来,我确实有一个真正的遗憾。
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I left Harvard with no real awareness of the awful inequities in the world –
* h1 z- U, m. n& h7 l5 |% ~7 Ethe appalling disparities of health, and wealth, and opportunity that condemn , h$ o' m( u1 T$ ?' A
millions of people to lives of despair.
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我离开哈佛的时候,根本没有意识到这个世界是多么的不平等。人类在健康、财富和机遇 9 j7 t2 ?. f0 ?* m2 ?
上的不平等大得可怕,它们使得无数的人们被迫生活在绝望之中。 6 Y4 n. z- e# _5 T6 K& T6 i# _
6 b+ m5 V {% @# nI learned a lot here at Harvard about new ideas in economics and politics. I g
, N( `. y6 G4 Q/ H- @- K" h4 ~8 ?ot great exposure to the advances being made in the sciences. 2 K M8 s0 O2 Y& |/ J4 {7 D
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我在哈佛学到了很多经济学和政治学的新思想。我也了解了很多科学上的新进展。
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But humanity's greatest advances are not in its discoveries – but in how thos 3 q; e. w/ W5 D j$ ?% ]: i4 z
e discoveries are applied to reduce inequity. Whether through democracy, stron ) {) r" X) S1 e9 b7 X. v
g public education, quality health care, or broad economic opportunity – redu
# }! F0 j, H' o/ n* e: i- Acing inequity is the highest human achievement. 8 D" p; {; D' t
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但是,人类最大的进步并不来自于这些发现,而是来自于那些有助于减少人类不平等的发
% ^3 t+ s, {0 J+ X: }现。不管通过何种手段——民主制度、健全的公共教育体系、高质量的医疗保健、还是广 , H1 U5 N8 I, C. | b/ U i: z
泛的经济机会——减少不平等始终是人类最大的成就。
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I left campus knowing little about the millions of young people cheated out of - C: n5 R0 R7 ^" h) N" O; l* y
educational opportunities here in this country. And I knew nothing about the
5 _3 [$ Z3 k* f1 U6 z1 Amillions of people living in unspeakable poverty and disease in developing cou 9 R' m0 g7 R2 t* p1 g! G; o$ H
ntries.
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" a! G+ A- [# n( Q/ R. u3 v我离开校园的时候,根本不知道在这个国家里,有几百万的年轻人无法获得接受教育的机 2 |+ K( R/ k* n- w; |' G, }6 z; j
会。我也不知道,发展中国家里有无数的人们生活在无法形容的贫穷和疾病之中。 8 h; I3 J) F4 X" g8 X+ f
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It took me decades to find out. 6 U( K$ g2 O/ ]0 ]! s, e: w( l, p
) E9 U! d5 B, N& W( A我花了几十年才明白了这些事情。 ! Q& D+ E6 s6 A5 J$ U' J: V2 J
4 P5 f& g9 E. u2 @7 b- ~You graduates came to Harvard at a different time. You know more about the wor
- I, b) j B& }3 {7 L$ old's inequities than the classes that came before. In your years here, I hope - ~5 A; z/ ~: X7 x4 ~
you've had a chance to think about how – in this age of accelerating technolo
6 c) `& i) v7 x1 j5 v8 U9 Q+ \" rgy – we can finally take on these inequities, and we can solve them.
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在座的各位同学,你们是在与我不同的时代来到哈佛的。你们比以前的学生,更多地了解
9 E/ G. v2 U" _, Q世界是怎样的不平等。在你们的哈佛求学过程中,我希望你们已经思考过一个问题,那就
9 O: {9 g& j9 ~- X是在这个新技术加速发展的时代,我们怎样最终应对这种不平等,以及我们怎样来解决这
. }- F$ R- @! m' O) r* e$ u7 t个问题。
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[$ X4 O# q/ c7 V) g/ \* d( }2 OImagine, just for the sake of discussion, that you had a few hours a week and 5 p- T; [% l7 P7 |9 Q& S
a few dollars a month to donate to a cause – and you wanted to spend that tim
2 d) C5 ^8 j: ce and money where it would have the greatest impact in saving and improving li 9 G1 X" n7 ?" @% ~3 ]0 @
ves. Where would you spend it? 8 C/ k& \0 k7 \' j0 d9 a( a. p
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为了讨论的方便,请想象一下,假如你每个星期可以捐献一些时间、每个月可以捐献一些 / W* n T: r" ]9 x' i
钱——你希望这些时间和金钱,可以用到对拯救生命和改善人类生活有最大作用的地方。
* B, b8 ^% U3 P. i; x你会选择什么地方? 8 d" N S K8 y& r& ^
* r6 D, R" E" T$ ?For Melinda and for me, the challenge is the same: how can we do the most good
( o: t8 ~8 A2 I k6 C" l7 Ifor the greatest number with the resources we have. 9 h- u" x8 n# V7 B) R' a% ^5 i
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对Melinda(注:盖茨的妻子)和我来说,这也是我们面临的问题:我们如何能将我们拥有 - X; q" x& g/ Q1 n3 Z R& c
的资源发挥出最大的作用。 0 Y& e' F7 g) R" o% }5 B
* o! Y/ `6 z+ b0 FDuring our discussions on this question, Melinda and I read an article about t 3 G# N" M+ d9 P1 r7 J# J
he millions of children who were dying every year in poor countries from disea
: x/ A4 W& J: d: N0 C* \6 ^2 [# M5 |ses that we had long ago made harmless in this country. Measles, malaria, pneu
* o, ?* \" L9 S$ wmonia, hepatitis B, yellow fever. One disease I had never even heard of, rotav
2 ]6 ~# Z! O4 I4 {irus, was killing half a million kids each year – none of them in the United
3 Y' W' M0 j+ w7 d" Q) Y# pStates. $ b2 O5 T" E1 h! ^2 F3 G0 {- L* Z$ u5 o
+ }3 T D3 J1 p3 U$ P2 x. \在讨论过程中,Melinda和我读到了一篇文章,里面说在那些贫穷的国家,每年有数百万的 % Q5 s. f7 K, c
儿童死于那些在美国早已不成问题的疾病。麻疹、疟疾、肺炎、乙型肝炎、黄热病、还有 ; \# Y& F# F: e0 f
一种以前我从未听说过的轮状病毒,这些疾病每年导致50万儿童死亡,但是在美国一例死 1 F7 t5 z- m7 C/ w7 A: e
亡病例也没有。 9 k y3 G# ]2 M+ G C- r% P( h
& Y! L+ a8 f& K Q6 L7 A5 n' zWe were shocked. We had just assumed that if millions of children were dying a
$ ~. m/ K0 h; A/ i, fnd they could be saved, the world would make it a priority to discover and del ! d9 X" U$ I0 T9 @+ X9 I( X5 @
iver the medicines to save them. But it did not. For under a dollar, there wer
5 f2 A2 D( p" w# P2 y Ce interventions that could save lives that just weren't being delivered.
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我们被震惊了。我们想,如果几百万儿童正在死亡线上挣扎,而且他们是可以被挽救的, - g+ ?9 ~( q+ `3 m
那么世界理应将用药物拯救他们作为头等大事。但是事实并非如此。那些价格还不到一美 2 |6 v9 j# d* B
元的救命的药剂,并没有送到他们的手中。
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If you believe that every life has equal value, it's revolting to learn that s + D1 w! q* _! J
ome lives are seen as worth saving and others are not. We said to ourselves: " 9 t, c# ~3 e& b
This can't be true. But if it is true, it deserves to be the priority of our g
% w# N2 i/ t( a, fiving." 3 K+ E+ V" p8 f, B6 g( o
+ |8 v ? D N9 S7 c/ L! I9 B如果你相信每个生命都是平等的,那么当你发现某些生命被挽救了,而另一些生命被放弃 # B4 v9 U* F. X
了,你会感到无法接受。我们对自己说:“事情不可能如此。如果这是真的,那么它理应
+ J8 t+ k3 O- l+ `2 X! d是我们努力的头等大事。”
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# y3 G3 T/ x# R8 f# lSo we began our work in the same way anyone here would begin it. We asked: "Ho
: n V7 }# i, H2 `1 i( ww could the world let these children die?"
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所以,我们用任何人都会想到的方式开始工作。我们问:“这个世界怎么可以眼睁睁看着
# d3 w% W( \! w. [7 ^; V& ~这些孩子死去?” & w7 i$ q6 ]) f1 H$ b& f
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The answer is simple, and harsh. The market did not reward saving the lives of ; \6 I( Y! y; z9 c4 O& j2 G+ h
these children, and governments did not subsidize it. So the children died be ; W! [% T1 H/ ^: V4 l3 X) L; E
cause their mothers and their fathers had no power in the market and no voice - x3 w" B+ ^3 G+ r8 r
in the system.
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4 E& `! P* c [. G( ~' O答案很简单,也很令人难堪。在市场经济中,拯救儿童是一项没有利润的工作,政府也不 : P6 o# \# ~* c+ C! ^( ^
会提供补助。这些儿童之所以会死亡,是因为他们的父母在经济上没有实力,在政治上没
3 E% j+ p; R0 v% a2 t& C有能力发出声音。 2 x$ C$ M$ O/ h
?% `: a4 C$ r0 t" }9 LBut you and I have both. 7 z. f! I2 S9 f- G F
% v( \4 ]- N0 P7 s但是,你们和我在经济上有实力,在政治上能够发出声音。 4 r- G! e7 _' b: E9 z( {. G, S
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We can make market forces work better for the poor if we can develop a more cr
3 W4 ~+ k2 } @. H1 K1 c' L: eeative capitalism – if we can stretch the reach of market forces so that more ( m# O" x# x. c3 b: z; R/ o# s) v% ~
people can make a profit, or at least make a living, serving people who are s
; V, [3 {( i0 { d. W4 quffering from the worst inequities. We also can press governments around the w ( m- }$ t( J; d5 N# N4 f
orld to spend taxpayer money in ways that better reflect the values of the peo
; _1 k W! U# |7 m8 nple who pay the taxes.
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我们可以让市场更好地为穷人服务,如果我们能够设计出一种更有创新性的资本主义制度
; B7 M8 m- E5 L——如果我们可以改变市场,让更多的人可以获得利润,或者至少可以维持生活——那么
5 D k: P, H5 ^,这就可以帮到那些正在极端不平等的状况中受苦的人们。我们还可以向全世界的政府施 g( n/ ?# _ T5 N, k+ K6 _
压,要求他们将纳税人的钱,花到更符合纳税人价值观的地方。
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If we can find approaches that meet the needs of the poor in ways that generat
5 D o* z6 m9 t4 Ze profits for business and votes for politicians, we will have found a sustain
1 f, w* s( X4 I. T6 v7 Eable way to reduce inequity in the world. This task is open-ended. It can neve 4 N- p' W, ]2 {+ @
r be finished. But a conscious effort to answer this challenge will change the 3 _( Z7 V9 J! S$ N+ \+ _& [) H
world.
4 T8 O2 x: f! R; {
) k: H4 n3 O. n! A# M# e3 [6 N( ^如果我们能够找到这样一种方法,既可以帮到穷人,又可以为商人带来利润,为政治家带
) e, U6 G' I3 K- ^7 G! M6 h p来选票,那么我们就找到了一种减少世界性不平等的可持续的发展道路。这个任务是无限 & T! n M. s1 s
的。它不可能被完全完成,但是任何自觉地解决这个问题的尝试,都将会改变这个世界。 - Y/ c! W5 F* G# [$ T8 W5 {
2 w0 f+ p& ?3 {! Z8 g! k7 d9 s8 L. i! y. M1 Q2 l7 k+ p
I am optimistic that we can do this, but I talk to skeptics who claim there is
, }$ k5 C, l& Eno hope. They say: "Inequity has been with us since the beginning, and will b , k4 ~. y, s+ D
e with us till the end – because people just … don't … care." I completely + @8 M: b1 j+ D
disagree.
2 p4 i7 |9 }! E- l6 ^ W; g/ h& G
: E! M9 p5 q5 C* I" P$ S" I在这个问题上,我是乐观的。但是,我也遇到过那些感到绝望的怀疑主义者。他们说:“ & P7 O% s- h# s6 x" u. B+ @
不平等从人类诞生的第一天就存在,到人类灭亡的最后一天也将存在。——因为人类对这 4 G0 }0 ^" _" n! x' s# _, j. x" \" v& F
个问题根本不在乎。”我完全不能同意这种观点。 1 y; L) U$ V2 k+ }& O9 S
% \8 n# S! I4 f% F3 x
I believe we have more caring than we know what to do with. $ z# G6 y( h4 _
9 I, b) o0 u4 a我相信,问题不是我们不在乎,而是我们不知道怎么做。 , g* f' J1 @& @7 Y0 Y* w
+ Q% W# \7 v/ Z% L9 b" b! J4 dAll of us here in this Yard, at one time or another, have seen human tragedies
5 b, p8 a0 M) `( ythat broke our hearts, and yet we did nothing – not because we didn't care, " |1 R/ a6 L* z' Q. U h
but because we didn't know what to do. If we had known how to help, we would h ! o1 A7 p B* {( _6 o1 Y6 ~$ S
ave acted.
5 Y" I4 m: s7 C$ H9 z
4 a8 D! t2 e: E% v/ m* A此刻在这个院子里的所有人,生命中总有这样或那样的时刻,目睹人类的悲剧,感到万分 - g* K$ i2 }1 x1 q
伤心。但是我们什么也没做,并非我们无动于衷,而是因为我们不知道做什么和怎么做。 " M" d; c; T9 N! w( p, t# T
如果我们知道如何做是有效的,那么我们就会采取行动。
; ~7 z+ s* j4 g1 J/ {' J
* e: D9 k' V4 n+ UThe barrier to change is not too little caring; it is too much complexity. 5 H0 C! D& j. y1 P2 @0 M5 _2 R
4 t# O( m% l) r2 B k& S
改变世界的阻碍,并非人类的冷漠,而是世界实在太复杂。 $ b" w) h% t6 F9 ^* b
9 W1 I3 D& _ ~3 c' ?3 RTo turn caring into action, we need to see a problem, see a solution, and see
7 w/ F5 F" n" mthe impact. But complexity blocks all three steps. & L2 Q. S* @0 _1 t# }% t
4 X3 j" f& `2 ]) _/ F# f, B# f6 @
为了将关心转变为行动,我们需要找到问题,发现解决办法的方法,评估后果。但是世界 2 t* t! x# H1 }: U+ N
的复杂性使得所有这些步骤都难于做到。
0 u. {& f0 K+ d" U' O
+ K4 S* B6 C: s! PEven with the advent of the Internet and 24-hour news, it is still a complex e
4 b9 S. t% D. r: L/ cnterprise to get people to truly see the problems. When an airplane crashes, o / H+ Z. U& L- n- V( h0 v, f
fficials immediately call a press conference. They promise to investigate, det 4 s. n9 [+ Y2 r
ermine the cause, and prevent similar crashes in the future. ; I2 d2 F) V0 v+ N6 F7 Q6 ?, L, S
% N4 W0 X/ m3 K8 }. g
即使有了互联网和24小时直播的新闻台,让人们真正发现问题所在,仍然十分困难。当一
" D/ x' z9 D! [' w# n+ |, K架飞机坠毁了,官员们会立刻召开新闻发布会,他们承诺进行调查、找到原因、防止将来
* s' k* c- m( Z再次发生类似事故。 8 u+ K. X! H4 g6 O3 a+ c# {
. c% h, n B/ `. N' ?5 L1 E0 z {
But if the officials were brutally honest, they would say: "Of all the people
+ ~, J7 g7 o5 m5 Jin the world who died today from preventable causes, one half of one percent o . Y% C+ {, `" x' Z# V; _
f them were on this plane. We're determined to do everything possible to solve * L- N, Z7 O0 q7 K, Y, M2 P
the problem that took the lives of the one half of one percent." , X) S. j8 W4 F: u' F
1 J+ m3 w N& M) T$ ^1 r
但是如果那些官员敢说真话,他们就会说:“在今天这一天,全世界所有可以避免的死亡
) i# v8 O5 x4 g6 ~之中,只有0.5%的死者来自于这次空难。我们决心尽一切努力,调查这个0.5%的死亡原因 " }2 X. r. `& z" n& x
。”
' Z9 u; J* H& M+ p O; [1 E# n# @
The bigger problem is not the plane crash, but the millions of preventable dea ; L8 q1 e* r0 Q. Y& ]9 h. _5 c+ @0 S- e
ths.
* q( O6 P/ A# E& n! E7 I. z; X2 N( r5 x+ f
显然,更重要的问题不是这次空难,而是其他几百万可以预防的死亡事件。
& I9 Q3 C/ p' D" \& Z/ @% t4 W5 U/ A* z
We don't read much about these deaths. The media covers what's new – and mill
+ A+ q; {- E, p4 B! Rions of people dying is nothing new. So it stays in the background, where it's
4 \; ~* K3 w# E: C6 p5 N; t- Neasier to ignore. But even when we do see it or read about it, it's difficult 9 e) W* N- i# I% r1 w. @
to keep our eyes on the problem. It's hard to look at suffering if the situat
' J. A9 @& s7 {: X5 g- Hion is so complex that we don't know how to help. And so we look away. , F8 p4 i% n; |! [
1 s% G) v1 Z- X& n: v9 v h2 i8 [7 G我们并没有很多机会了解那些死亡事件。媒体总是报告新闻,几百万人将要死去并非新闻 ! `, W0 }* ^( {+ P
。如果没有人报道,那么这些事件就很容易被忽视。另一方面,即使我们确实目睹了事件 , e; ?2 t D/ p! I# w6 u
本身或者看到了相关报道,我们也很难持续关注这些事件。看着他人受苦是令人痛苦的,
6 V- ~5 @9 [ h8 P$ k; J何况问题又如此复杂,我们根本不知道如何去帮助他人。所以我们会将脸转过去。
8 Z5 z P4 r: ^7 N3 T# x; x! a4 W X9 w; n. n2 Q2 b
If we can really see a problem, which is the first step, we come to the second
" y# G3 D6 p; X" M Fstep: cutting through the complexity to find a solution. 6 A% u6 q1 g0 O* ]2 G3 u
- Z+ f+ g4 ?" P ~ `$ F( s; _就算我们真正发现了问题所在,也不过是迈出了第一步,接着还有第二步:那就是从复杂 7 p! S/ J2 `1 c0 O7 T
的事件中找到解决办法。
, f( }$ y7 |3 Z, p% y' P/ C
o2 W* K- E9 [7 RFinding solutions is essential if we want to make the most of our caring. If w
2 h9 ^) {. \6 y) }3 l# Le have clear and proven answers anytime an organization or individual asks "Ho 7 G/ D- C! R1 P/ U1 U* K. P; }
w can I help?," then we can get action – and we can make sure that none of th 3 T& `1 N. u5 Y4 P
e caring in the world is wasted. But complexity makes it hard to mark a path o
( K+ V, v6 Z0 i# bf action for everyone who cares — and that makes it hard for their caring to & d4 z1 L* j* c9 s; q, E9 L* c
matter.
* p Z3 {: z% F; Z. h
) C; \; I( u4 g* @- o( q如果我们要让关心落到实处,我们就必须找到解决办法。如果我们有一个清晰的和可靠的 " U* c; w; u6 M' @
答案,那么当任何组织和个人发出疑问“如何我能提供帮助”的时候,我们就能采取行动
+ d1 k1 t n! U% ~。我们就能够保证不浪费一丁点全世界人类对他人的关心。但是,世界的复杂性使得很难 1 e# q7 C; |% D# q7 R9 k
找到对全世界每一个有爱心的人都有效的行动方法,因此人类对他人的关心往往很难产生
/ N; p; _/ l) u, f9 V/ c, u+ q实际效果。 8 I& `1 ^' l, }% y1 f* o
1 ]+ v* F! }2 B, qCutting through complexity to find a solution runs through four predictable st
' C8 x1 n5 K+ ?ages: determine a goal, find the highest-leverage approach, discover the ideal
2 N/ C8 U4 F% Jtechnology for that approach, and in the meantime, make the smartest applicat ! U& |4 y& | r) y9 r3 J" X" k
ion of the technology that you already have — whether it's something sophisti
" l. j1 W# Z- `+ Z" w6 N, Fcated, like a drug, or something simpler, like a bednet.
: i7 m' i4 K5 s" I% ]0 y& M G. e# i1 y. `, \: h5 ~+ e
从这个复杂的世界中找到解决办法,可以分为四个步骤:确定目标,找到最高效的方法,
9 @! H1 g& H3 {& T发现适用于这个方法的新技术,同时最聪明地利用现有的技术,不管它是复杂的药物,还 ; }6 h0 ]5 x6 i& ~9 q, C0 V
是最简单的蚊帐。
! I1 n! s$ {) N" m; F: C, o% P2 _
0 H3 s; E0 y# G& Z* yThe AIDS epidemic offers an example. The broad goal, of course, is to end the " J* a+ l, v/ g- k& Y$ v9 S
disease. The highest-leverage approach is prevention. The ideal technology wou ) u: A! Q* ?3 c# D `
ld be a vaccine that gives lifetime immunity with a single dose. So government
; x \2 ~' ]. @ k) |. fs, drug companies, and foundations fund vaccine research. But their work is li ! _% R( D& j: N7 w: ]' S, q4 a2 b2 l, n
kely to take more than a decade, so in the meantime, we have to work with what
( b2 c0 e. E4 i! H' g( [5 K, w/ ?we have in hand – and the best prevention approach we have now is getting pe
( w: m$ A) e$ b( r. Qople to avoid risky behavior.
+ A3 O9 d t7 M% `3 V8 G3 [9 [4 u) l8 y2 s$ ~$ [, c. `# f
艾滋病就是一个例子。总的目标,毫无疑问是消灭这种疾病。最高效的方法是预防。最理 0 k- E* G2 ~& ?4 d
想的技术是发明一种疫苗,只要注射一次,就可以终生免疫。所以,政府、制药公司、基 ( a; H/ r( n7 ]8 I
金会应该资助疫苗研究。但是,这样研究工作很可能十年之内都无法完成。因此,与此同
% K1 t. ]# C( [4 @% ^' J. y r时,我们必须使用现有的技术,目前最有效的预防方法就是设法让人们避免那些危险的行
5 P* w5 x) F6 [' V# W/ ?' R9 U, I为。 2 N/ m" G& [' g0 D8 g: e7 S$ U
: N0 u/ y9 h% { z$ L
Pursuing that goal starts the four-step cycle again. This is the pattern. The 4 z! v7 y4 k$ R n- J
crucial thing is to never stop thinking and working – and never do what we di $ H0 b- I- R, f- N
d with malaria and tuberculosis in the 20th century – which is to surrender t ( D9 }3 n( l; `, A& O
o complexity and quit. : D; M0 ?4 D! `0 W
5 f/ O% h( }& I2 ^! O: n$ r( t
要实现这个新的目标,又可以采用新的四步循环。这是一种模式。关键的东西是永远不要 - h/ h( b! ~: \7 l
停止思考和行动。我们千万不能再犯上个世纪在疟疾和肺结核上犯过的错误,那时我们因 9 r% @. T7 l: H$ N( D: {$ W% c
为它们太复杂,而放弃了采取行动。 # b+ b1 n8 `8 M* t! i3 X
7 _7 w9 ]+ v K# z( P$ zThe final step – after seeing the problem and finding an approach – is to me
8 @% M5 |8 A3 `) m& basure the impact of your work and share your successes and failures so that ot B- ^% X* z1 Y, a! i
hers learn from your efforts.
0 P4 `. H5 r0 x2 L+ i- E, O& h; i( {' O
在发现问题和找到解决方法之后,就是最后一步——评估工作结果,将你的成功经验或者
0 a6 C9 ]7 |2 |6 g- K失败经验传播出去,这样其他人就可以从你的努力中有所收获。
0 N5 e {7 }9 t
6 j( d9 `% C, M2 x* F% YYou have to have the statistics, of course. You have to be able to show that a 6 a( r. N$ A: M2 e* O
program is vaccinating millions more children. You have to be able to show a
% p0 Y6 T r4 Gdecline in the number of children dying from these diseases. This is essential
& e* `! K' o$ F4 b7 i7 [" G( Knot just to improve the program, but also to help draw more investment from b 3 |8 i7 S1 Z) n' O. q
usiness and government.
5 [% f. Q, H9 U) [) f* c" Z+ P
; w$ t) }4 Z- x4 K当然,你必须有一些统计数字。你必须让他人知道,你的项目为几百万儿童新接种了疫苗
6 v% j0 x, f8 S7 v; M+ n% d0 o。你也必须让他人知道,儿童死亡人数下降了多少。这些都是很关键的,不仅有利于改善
5 _ p% ?; f J& J. Q6 i项目效果,也有利于从商界和政府得到更多的帮助。 ' h" x5 Y1 l! V
) @$ `0 v7 w) g" @! ^ i- @4 z: t
But if you want to inspire people to participate, you have to show more than n $ j$ q6 f; J9 y* `+ d; }/ H3 T
umbers; you have to convey the human impact of the work – so people can feel ( _ |. l1 J9 K5 U/ v- x( ^
what saving a life means to the families affected. ; w/ W% a6 }6 X, M# i( a2 ^
# i2 d5 h: C b N! j2 B1 R
但是,这些还不够,如果你想激励其他人参加你的项目,你就必须拿出更多的统计数字;
/ |% n. l& E1 |1 c! T你必须展示你的项目的人性因素,这样其他人就会感到拯救一个生命,对那些处在困境中
( y$ W; n$ ?; P的家庭到底意味着什么。 ' E* T8 ?- U1 f" V/ Z
8 E9 }- M) v* ~( D2 M7 z! wI remember going to Davos some years back and sitting on a global health panel
7 S) Z- ?$ U! t0 \$ O$ Tthat was discussing ways to save millions of lives. Millions! Think of the th
& F2 o# g0 s5 E Y1 Y3 [rill of saving just one person's life – then multiply that by millions. … Ye * A' C* j* r4 c
t this was the most boring panel I've ever been on – ever. So boring even I c 1 A( V" Q" K9 H& o7 E0 n3 @! h
ouldn't bear it.
! T& q2 G/ c4 C( v6 W a3 w$ J$ b t, I
几年前,我去瑞士达沃斯旁听一个全球健康问题论坛,会议的内容有关于如何拯救几百万
- Q+ C/ q& ]* U; y: j4 J) g条生命。天哪,是几百万!想一想吧,拯救一个人的生命已经让人何等激动,现在你要把
8 v9 T. Q. J, A7 T' F" ?3 [3 ~这种激动再乘上几百万倍……但是,不幸的是,这是我参加过的最最乏味的论坛,乏味到
2 t. t. p' R s0 n" h我无法强迫自己听下去。 $ B: U, T/ p; B+ A* @
5 S0 [" T2 Q" T3 R, c2 YWhat made that experience especially striking was that I had just come from an 6 C5 W d) E. Q
event where we were introducing version 13 of some piece of software, and we
' j+ V* V; N$ Phad people jumping and shouting with excitement. I love getting people excited
* p( h: n" Q& q9 n4 Y! Z* B2 v3 Pabout software – but why can't we generate even more excitement for saving l
J( b9 U( H0 M% o- |2 a; mives? $ M1 Y5 M6 p- }
! |6 M4 {. j& G, L; \' b; `0 E那次经历之所以让我难忘,是因为之前我们刚刚发布了一个软件的第13个版本,我们让观 0 M5 k5 B3 h! S8 f3 Y) A1 j3 r, }
众激动得跳了起来,喊出了声。我喜欢人们因为软件而感到激动,那么我们为什么不能够
- q7 j4 G6 V5 E) [2 }2 W/ N让人们因为能够拯救生命而感到更加激动呢? " Q7 C" X9 O& Y; C; O" ]) J- }$ a
) r& H; V0 }6 L. i9 F. KYou can't get people excited unless you can help them see and feel the impact. 0 ]- d& D, `& y1 F; _- Z' ]
And how you do that – is a complex question. 5 x' F5 [: h2 s5 i8 L. K$ C; v( t7 a
' j4 `* E9 O. R5 d7 |. T
除非你能够让人们看到或者感受到行动的影响力,否则你无法让人们激动。如何做到这一 , D" q/ |' _3 ]' E
点,并不是一件简单的事。 ( ~: v2 }) B5 T b: F
; I; T! W& W0 ^& C2 FStill, I'm optimistic. Yes, inequity has been with us forever, but the new too / ^2 U+ l( b/ B7 P& i
ls we have to cut through complexity have not been with us forever. They are n
) j; r& p" h, zew – they can help us make the most of our caring – and that's why the futur 1 I; ]. i0 H- l9 Y* f+ p
e can be different from the past. " U0 j1 C. o* a. W
1 e3 L: b0 H l6 x% ~同前面一样,在这个问题上,我依然是乐观的。不错,人类的不平等有史以来一直存在, : E9 y3 d( H0 g' J# E8 s* A: }0 J
但是那些能够化繁为简的新工具,却是最近才出现的。这些新工具可以帮助我们,将人类 8 N5 k; ]6 W, w" `' n( m% c- t
的同情心发挥最大的作用,这就是为什么将来同过去是不一样的。
& w! o2 k4 V9 ~% H. d9 i7 @
7 Y k6 ]. x) b+ } Y1 LThe defining and ongoing innovations of this age – biotechnology, the compute
2 d7 }5 ]3 @, \4 nr, the Internet – give us a chance we've never had before to end extreme pove ( I, n4 s0 B1 X+ c
rty and end death from preventable disease.
1 K+ i6 R+ }$ J: f5 g
/ i& S: U! b" k/ `# A这个时代无时无刻不在涌现出新的革新——生物技术,计算机,互联网——它们给了我们 6 g8 t, a' @- e8 I. V! \4 P" q
一个从未有过的机会,去终结那些极端的贫穷和非恶性疾病的死亡。 6 {$ n) X% V% R
& O0 ?! |; C \; ]( T' PSixty years ago, George Marshall came to this commencement and announced a pla . t; i: M \" J
n to assist the nations of post-war Europe. He said: "I think one difficulty i
) g9 v: ^: o2 P; @- i0 |s that the problem is one of such enormous complexity that the very mass of fa
1 h* J; z x4 ?1 X/ icts presented to the public by press and radio make it exceedingly difficult f 9 X& g& e( j% \8 G$ Z
or the man in the street to reach a clear appraisement of the situation. It is ! I Y% R; R( _
virtually impossible at this distance to grasp at all the real significance o 0 C, V2 _6 w$ v
f the situation."
' E2 Z" m% k/ l% N9 w- Y) E) ^+ V' h# ^7 a4 E3 Y- s+ x1 I. I
六十年前,乔治·马歇尔也是在这个地方的毕业典礼上,宣布了一个计划,帮助那些欧洲 & R$ E7 l/ c6 k7 G
国家的战后建设。他说:“我认为,困难的一点是这个问题太复杂,报纸和电台向公众源 1 b( ~9 [$ k. q* ]* I
源不断地提供各种事实,使得大街上的普通人极端难于清晰地判断形势。事实上,经过层
0 E# [* {5 Y" x: s3 h2 J层传播,想要真正地把握形势,是根本不可能的。”
6 h, W" ]: r- p0 |4 r* M% x% R; ]0 S" n, I
Thirty years after Marshall made his address, as my class graduated without me
& t) R& `& C8 N% s# y) p; d, technology was emerging that would make the world smaller, more open, more v : I" B8 W& c4 X- T
isible, less distant. [! H- f* O2 w9 ^9 F1 G+ g" t; z
% d! k5 O; F7 y3 N
马歇尔发表这个演讲之后的三十年,我那一届学生毕业,当然我不在其中。那时,新技术 " z& I7 a3 g5 H
刚刚开始萌芽,它们将使得这个世界变得更小、更开放、更容易看到、距离更近。 ) a% V$ f# D2 |
! B- y! b- j$ p7 BThe emergence of low-cost personal computers gave rise to a powerful network t
2 Y5 ~, P$ F Q- Mhat has transformed opportunities for learning and communicating.
) d4 ~2 X: P+ q0 y8 }0 Y/ Z, D f# l# n
低成本的个人电脑的出现,使得一个强大的互联网有机会诞生,它为学习和交流提供了巨
: s5 y7 G* n) x% Z# z" Z' j8 A大的机会。 ( o& C6 m5 _$ M3 I }3 r; [
+ k+ S6 Y' x: G7 ^" P/ Y% P
The magical thing about this network is not just that it collapses distance an
0 E! c, {: t+ {5 F4 md makes everyone your neighbor. It also dramatically increases the number of b
- O. j' `6 ^. v/ urilliant minds we can have working together on the same problem – and that sc
Z9 d( R, P) h. L4 H+ ~ales up the rate of innovation to a staggering degree.
4 y0 M: a( j. D; C4 s/ I3 h- f, H) [+ Z3 v T4 x( a) J2 i6 E5 F5 b
网络的神奇之处,不仅仅是它缩短了物理距离,使得天涯若比邻。它还极大地增加了怀有
" W( d2 f, Q" D+ h$ a# M5 X5 p共同想法的人们聚集在一起的机会,我们可以为了解决同一个问题,一起共同工作。这就
/ h7 l% X0 a( F大大加快了革新的进程,发展速度简直快得让人震惊。 ~1 A$ Q" ^0 o/ C# ]" o
# I. Q1 E- P1 u0 ~0 j/ kAt the same time, for every person in the world who has access to this technol & z4 i! z6 T2 N4 b& g* U
ogy, five people don't. That means many creative minds are left out of this di
" S2 @# ^5 S, `5 e! tscussion -- smart people with practical intelligence and relevant experience w ) j0 i N9 D, x G3 R
ho don't have the technology to hone their talents or contribute their ideas t
6 E, }. R3 n! _2 ^6 so the world. - [: S2 k* C' @% R
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与此同时,世界上有条件上网的人,只是全部人口的六分之一。这意味着,还有许多具有
1 `% @) G! ^2 ~- n3 i* u创造性的人们,没有加入到我们的讨论中来。那些有着实际的操作经验和相关经历的聪明
: L b _2 {4 K/ z6 e4 S人,却没有技术来帮助他们,将他们的天赋或者想法与全世界分享。 5 m; Z* m, D7 ~1 m3 o
) D0 ^) F1 {. U
We need as many people as possible to have access to this technology, because ) G& l, I+ ?1 u0 {8 f
these advances are triggering a revolution in what human beings can do for one
8 U8 W: b3 j# r! Panother. They are making it possible not just for national governments, but f
s% b4 C4 l( v+ T: w2 ?( m/ ~or universities, corporations, smaller organizations, and even individuals to
, \3 c! I' b/ ]+ }6 z0 |) Bsee problems, see approaches, and measure the impact of their efforts to addre 8 I, a+ C7 f0 g- w$ [3 i# ^
ss the hunger, poverty, and desperation George Marshall spoke of 60 years ago. . `0 s6 z6 k$ z" E3 d
6 u6 @- J8 W% ^0 p7 C8 L4 v! `
. E& Z4 r8 f* C' _2 a我们需要尽可能地让更多的人有机会使用新技术,因为这些新技术正在引发一场革命,人
- _# X8 K; O. _0 y类将因此可以互相帮助。新技术正在创造一种可能,不仅是政府,还包括大学、公司、小 ( W, ?) L* z' I4 ` Q( ]
机构、甚至个人,能够发现问题所在、能够找到解决办法、能够评估他们努力的效果,去 : J. C9 E) A; B9 ^6 B6 t
改变那些马歇尔六十年前就说到过的问题——饥饿、贫穷和绝望。
$ S( p9 [2 s2 C+ B7 I3 a" t# C1 k) |. V' E% {; D. O9 d8 _% V/ y1 s
Members of the Harvard Family: Here in the Yard is one of the great collection , W: f8 s/ A9 `0 k& a, T; E0 c j) a
s of intellectual talent in the world. 5 q- D# i2 a, K$ L6 U
% q! I$ x) F8 R$ b. m哈佛是一个大家庭。这个院子里在场的人们,是全世界最有智力的人类群体之一。
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9 A* _4 w Z" F0 }What for?
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2 G" [9 d T- [' T) r" w我们可以做些什么? . o+ e% j9 ]. P4 D) z$ Z1 h' O+ D
" M* O. G* w6 V: Z+ g) z3 YThere is no question that the faculty, the alumni, the students, and the benef
' H, ]0 \* Y: h: F6 z( Cactors of Harvard have used their power to improve the lives of people here an . D" z0 n- D/ N4 z* A. T
d around the world. But can we do more? Can Harvard dedicate its intellect to 8 X9 F, r- M7 S: u3 y! X4 B" {* j
improving the lives of people who will never even hear its name?
3 y! Q) n( ^* P+ t/ `" r. G- \
毫无疑问,哈佛的老师、校友、学生和资助者,已经用他们的能力改善了全世界各地人们
: X- S# f# ^& ^9 ^5 O$ i的生活。但是,我们还能够再做什么呢?有没有可能,哈佛的人们可以将他们的智慧,用 5 R/ ~/ }$ x. Y/ [: b3 x2 a
来帮助那些甚至从来没有听到过“哈佛”这个名字的人? * h/ N5 o- e9 _3 ?7 L
* q* R. i4 Q( L; K; ]4 Q9 p* B
Let me make a request of the deans and the professors – the intellectual lead
8 T3 @3 w7 f; o% }ers here at Harvard: As you hire new faculty, award tenure, review curriculum,
- ~- U7 m. j3 Q: Nand determine degree requirements, please ask yourselves:
) c! ]" G# o C$ N. K0 `& E2 C
4 O3 m% {! z1 D: ?4 Q请允许我向各位院长和教授,提出一个请求——你们是哈佛的智力领袖,当你们雇用新的 # F5 k+ m$ l' E4 y5 f
老师、授予终身教职、评估课程、决定学位颁发标准的时候,请问你们自己如下的问题: - [# G* d8 b! l8 u
3 [1 i8 S4 u7 E- }% Z z7 ~; h
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Should our best minds be dedicated to solving our biggest problems? ; n' T; G8 _% f' t6 ]: E% H4 |
: h k b7 O$ Z' u+ s4 n6 S9 t我们最优秀的人才是否在致力于解决我们最大的问题? . }' R; I I$ X3 d6 ]5 X: i
. v9 M* f% H K$ P S2 x! V2 ]# e
Should Harvard encourage its faculty to take on the world's worst inequities? ) n9 b9 N1 j3 O% K0 q7 y8 x) R
Should Harvard students learn about the depth of global poverty … the prevale " Q" @) ~7 ]$ M7 Y; G& [4 K
nce of world hunger … the scarcity of clean water …the girls kept out of sch ( ~& ^' q' H" l; \
ool … the children who die from diseases we can cure?
; u- z7 H1 @0 A& i
+ j# `5 I0 s, z% x! b哈佛是否鼓励她的老师去研究解决世界上最严重的不平等?哈佛的学生是否从全球那些极 7 c8 i! m ]- j+ f: U
端的贫穷中学到了什么……世界性的饥荒……清洁的水资源的缺乏……无法上学的女童… $ \$ A. a) P* g2 P3 q
…死于非恶性疾病的儿童……哈佛的学生有没有从中学到东西? T5 x. H( w7 ~4 Q7 T2 y
& Q, z2 E; `/ p, Z. K% X0 qShould the world's most privileged people learn about the lives of the world's 0 g" o4 R2 O- x T, t- d$ C
least privileged? 1 E- ]' O* t/ D
0 G$ J2 `% O6 @ X* w; ]那些世界上过着最优越生活的人们,有没有从那些最困难的人们身上学到东西? * X: r0 |' I& D/ r5 ~
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These are not rhetorical questions – you will answer with your policies.
' X3 d) ^) d% _% R w$ o/ d$ q% U' c6 e* Q1 V( B0 O
这些问题并非语言上的修辞。你必须用自己的行动来回答它们。
+ l( j8 I A2 \6 r$ z$ j. I8 S% J& [3 m8 K
My mother, who was filled with pride the day I was admitted here – never stop 0 u$ P* z$ P. u9 ^, M
ped pressing me to do more for others. A few days before my wedding, she hoste ) @4 s K2 S0 D% j- b
d a bridal event, at which she read aloud a letter about marriage that she had " a: Z" m5 o1 e6 \: [
written to Melinda. My mother was very ill with cancer at the time, but she s & Z& ~" Q* U. P! D
aw one more opportunity to deliver her message, and at the close of the letter 5 C: ~. { F$ s
she said: "From those to whom much is given, much is expected."
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我的母亲在我被哈佛大学录取的那一天,曾经感到非常骄傲。她从没有停止督促我,去为 : B T7 g# W! @' V8 w% o$ v
他人做更多的事情。在我结婚的前几天,她主持了一个新娘进我家的仪式。在这个仪式上
4 H4 h! u a8 |5 {6 ^/ o,她高声朗读了一封关于婚姻的信,这是她写给Melinda的。那时,我的母亲已经因为癌症
_* `8 Y9 F4 m, ]. W. {病入膏肓,但是她还是认为这是又一个传播她的信念的机会。在那封信的结尾,她写道:
+ K% m, F6 ]* X2 f“对于那些接受了许多帮助的人们,他们还在期待更多的帮助。你的能力越大,人们对你 ! ?0 H3 ]; [8 }. h! c: B: h
的期望也就越大。” 4 x; [ l; X* G. e6 O" X: u
- P/ G2 L) X' T1 o; r4 M9 I! h4 QWhen you consider what those of us here in this Yard have been given – in tal
! ` m+ q2 K1 \7 I5 P1 o4 fent, privilege, and opportunity – there is almost no limit to what the world
# ^1 w7 p: v) vhas a right to expect from us.
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想一想吧,我们在这个院子里的这些人,被给予过什么——天赋、特权、机遇——那么可 ' ~3 I+ a8 e9 z' T4 ?8 b. _* E% z
以这样说,全世界的人们几乎有无限的权力,期待我们做出贡献。
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4 y+ A, _9 x6 Q+ ^In line with the promise of this age, I want to exhort each of the graduates h ! }7 h' N: r) Y+ j: T7 G, s# i L$ K
ere to take on an issue – a complex problem, a deep inequity, and become a sp
( o0 I9 v# h; x3 Necialist on it. If you make it the focus of your career, that would be phenome
5 X! X5 @3 u" fnal. But you don't have to do that to make an impact. For a few hours every we 7 M3 j4 b+ @- K( M1 q' d e
ek, you can use the growing power of the Internet to get informed, find others 3 N8 o0 g2 {5 F! V8 Q
with the same interests, see the barriers, and find ways to cut through them.
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, X' C9 ?) w. t1 |# b+ T- ~7 D同这个时代的期望一样,我也要向今天各位毕业的同学提出一个忠告:你们要选择一个问 ' S( O Y9 x; G+ e) H0 J( D
题,一个复杂的问题,一个有关于人类深刻的不平等的问题,然后你们要变成这个问题的
- Q) J7 J* u- ^- f; g0 k3 N' ?& F专家。如果你们能够使得这个问题成为你们职业的核心,那么你们就会非常杰出。但是, 3 y7 N- N5 Y$ F2 d2 O2 i) M0 ^
你们不必一定要去做那些大事。每个星期只用几个小时,你就可以通过互联网得到信息, ; w+ d L {! U6 d& `
找到志同道合的朋友,发现困难所在,找到解决它们的途径。 9 `( f; L. {5 N* \: C7 A
4 }3 J' J$ ]( f% |& L& E' Q! RDon't let complexity stop you. Be activists. Take on the big inequities. It wi & C. |; F0 V5 s
ll be one of the great experiences of your lives.
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# Y- o6 s: p" |. p8 W$ n0 o0 y% @不要让这个世界的复杂性阻碍你前进。要成为一个行动主义者。将解决人类的不平等视为
+ ~/ G& v: Y* n3 f己任。它将成为你生命中最重要的经历之一。
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h! U4 N8 X4 B2 S: t7 V3 p. MYou graduates are coming of age in an amazing time. As you leave Harvard, you
0 i j( ?0 a- f9 ?, ]9 R, w2 x. Dhave technology that members of my class never had. You have awareness of glob
/ A, e- m" g& x2 C! [$ l, qal inequity, which we did not have. And with that awareness, you likely also h
5 ]% W9 Z2 t0 T! ^2 R$ kave an informed conscience that will torment you if you abandon these people w 7 B: X2 L$ B, ?; W! G8 q
hose lives you could change with very little effort. You have more than we had
/ L# P% V9 i8 x$ V1 t* ], g( D& u; you must start sooner, and carry on longer. ( w1 A* ?: U, N- c% o9 j
$ \4 V, v* ?) F. h2 a) B: Q0 P
在座的各位毕业的同学,你们所处的时代是一个神奇的时代。当你们离开哈佛的时候,你 1 c. w7 P* }8 ~) h
们拥有的技术,是我们那一届学生所没有的。你们已经了解到了世界上的不平等,我们那 9 ^$ ?4 H: N) o5 ^8 m' r& ]
时还不知道这些。有了这样的了解之后,要是你再弃那些你可以帮助的人们于不顾,就将 ' H0 X) `3 k) b( i2 {: K
受到良心的谴责,只需一点小小的努力,你就可以改变那些人们的生活。你们比我们拥有
& F' @- ~/ f* J3 W更大的能力;你们必须尽早开始,尽可能长时期坚持下去。
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Knowing what you know, how could you not?
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7 B2 x* I2 P# Z, k知道了你们所知道的一切,你们怎么可能不采取行动呢?
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And I hope you will come back here to Harvard 30 years from now and reflect on
& V. @9 ~* N5 v- f$ Swhat you have done with your talent and your energy. I hope you will judge yo & I; t# n4 W: O
urselves not on your professional accomplishments alone, but also on how well / t& T; }3 |( R' W: V; \. [
you have addressed the world's deepest inequities … on how well you treated p / x) E! T/ B6 f6 U F. t2 e* r, @" s
eople a world away who have nothing in common with you but their humanity. : h I/ Q/ p9 r
$ r9 g9 r! I; _1 k+ O2 @我希望,30年后你们还会再回到哈佛,想起你们用自己的天赋和能力所做出的一切。我希
% C7 c5 q9 r9 G" H# ]望,在那个时候,你们用来评价自己的标准,不仅仅是你们的专业成就,而包括你们为改 ; H% c! W2 I# W( f2 M! V
变这个世界深刻的不平等所做出的努力,以及你们如何善待那些远隔千山万水、与你们毫
) P; g3 m O8 W不涉及的人们,你们与他们唯一的共同点就是同为人类。 |
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