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2008-11-02 01:02:11 来自: lightpie(上次登录还是1.5年前.....)
0 r4 G3 }) b5 O/ f) t! Y/ I3 Q比尔·盖茨在哈佛大学毕业典礼上的演讲 6 J( d) \7 {+ w. @
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2007年6月7日
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阮一峰 译
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President Bok, former President Rudenstine, incoming President Faust, members ) \* Y9 Z/ j, \6 Y0 W# M
of the Harvard Corporation and the Board of Overseers, members of the faculty, / I- O# p( B9 ]# \- X$ T$ T
parents, and especially, the graduates: ! Q( ?6 H4 M3 J: T! _ }
- g" u) [) B7 G尊敬的Bok校长,Rudenstine前校长,即将上任的Faust校长,哈佛集团的各位成员,监管
9 J" B" R! s) `" C3 u理事会的各位理事,各位老师,各位家长,各位同学:
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I've been waiting more than 30 years to say this: "Dad, I always told you I'd 0 n ~6 q! I: z1 y0 E/ n, u
come back and get my degree." ; w/ t& v, d' \! Q
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有一句话我等了三十年,现在终于可以说了:“老爸,我总是跟你说,我会回来拿到我的 * N0 c5 f4 [% X9 O, o
学位的!” 3 {& H- u: [6 L! v7 B' T! a
% R( g7 \% Z8 V" z0 zI want to thank Harvard for this timely honor. I'll be changing my job next ye 6 ^+ b& c5 k# j7 t& l
ar … and it will be nice to finally have a college degree on my resume. 4 _( b4 e6 i1 v" C2 e( h
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我要感谢哈佛大学在这个时候给我这个荣誉。明年,我就要换工作了(注:指从微软公司 * @. C& H; U n |( q6 C
退休)……我终于可以在简历上写我有一个本科学位,这真是不错啊。
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# Q# n+ X8 C! u5 B) Z0 |+ CI applaud the graduates today for taking a much more direct route to your degr
" t( n( G2 h9 \: }3 G( Zees. For my part, I'm just happy that the Crimson has called me "Harvard's mos
7 {# t" ?2 h$ Ot successful dropout." I guess that makes me valedictorian of my own special c
* Q) o$ I* v4 _+ q- `( U! `lass … I did the best of everyone who failed. * c! I: q! [+ G( q
( p4 F* S. t/ W0 p/ G. s) s) r! M我为今天在座的各位同学感到高兴,你们拿到学位可比我简单多了。哈佛的校报称我是“ 6 d1 b* R% S" M2 p. d
哈佛大学历史上最成功的辍学生”。我想这大概使我有资格代表我这一类学生发言……在 * m( D+ Z) j1 c4 E3 G
所有的失败者里,我做得最好。 ( a7 [- \' p( E- a" \1 h* z
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But I also want to be recognized as the guy who got Steve Ballmer to drop out
4 g& M/ M1 L+ q. r4 n1 u3 _: Nof business school. I'm a bad influence. That's why I was invited to speak at 9 |1 n4 G2 Z! [2 A4 G6 ~, A( s
your graduation. If I had spoken at your orientation, fewer of you might be he # X: G9 E& `1 V# \$ r$ x4 S
re today. 3 V2 n0 a/ a4 _6 |
& s% ?* K! K" S+ a& @但是,我还要提醒大家,我使得Steve Ballmer(注:微软总经理)也从哈佛商学院退学了
% G8 [5 A, p! u。因此,我是个有着恶劣影响力的人。这就是为什么我被邀请来在你们的毕业典礼上演讲
" l1 A" ]. \8 w. l。如果我在你们入学欢迎仪式上演讲,那么能够坚持到今天在这里毕业的人也许会少得多 - |9 j7 A- {- c9 n3 I: X
吧。
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( k3 E/ ^4 `5 O: VHarvard was just a phenomenal experience for me. Academic life was fascinating
- L. `: t+ {2 v' X6 k) c. I used to sit in on lots of classes I hadn't even signed up for. And dorm li
, `- E- |4 n, l* L1 Q. v; r4 @fe was terrific. I lived up at Radcliffe, in Currier House. There were always & {' u- s& I8 `' r- O- f
lots of people in my dorm room late at night discussing things, because everyo / n v) Q O& x( e5 @
ne knew I didn't worry about getting up in the morning. That's how I came to b
/ a+ a" r9 G, S( Z4 p9 H1 K+ D+ V' Se the leader of the anti-social group. We clung to each other as a way of vali F( l( _2 j4 a; U& A; O3 d0 t' b
dating our rejection of all those social people. ) M2 j+ @1 }4 P/ f, q; ^- P
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对我来说,哈佛的求学经历是一段非凡的经历。校园生活很有趣,我常去旁听我没选修的
6 s- X Z* }. a* s2 I" h" i+ f) ^课。哈佛的课外生活也很棒,我在Radcliffe过着逍遥自在的日子。每天我的寝室里总有很
" F& R" A$ @) B( c多人一直待到半夜,讨论着各种事情。因为每个人都知道我从不考虑第二天早起。这使得 2 x2 ]; a2 `; s; y8 ^
我变成了校园里那些不安分学生的头头,我们互相粘在一起,做出一种拒绝所有正常学生 3 ^: \$ C: D5 p& J/ e; @+ f
的姿态。
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Radcliffe was a great place to live. There were more women up there, and most 6 ~' u. c! _4 M4 O- v; L
of the guys were science-math types. That combination offered me the best odds ; Z9 I8 J+ X* _6 W4 _6 [
, if you know what I mean. This is where I learned the sad lesson that improvi
, B: z# u7 d( f$ @4 A; Bng your odds doesn't guarantee success.
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Radcliffe是个过日子的好地方。那里的女生比男生多,而且大多数男生都是理工科的。这 , R4 t" P) c3 l
种状况为我创造了最好的机会,如果你们明白我的意思。可惜的是,我正是在这里学到了
; C8 n6 }9 I% p2 z0 D人生中悲伤的一课:机会大,并不等于你就会成功。
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One of my biggest memories of Harvard came in January 1975, when I made a call
* g# Z# m0 s# o; c+ y4 T2 o! Kfrom Currier House to a company in Albuquerque that had begun making the worl S, p, ^& N, W/ P; s
d's first personal computers. I offered to sell them software.
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* }% f* G; y6 A9 w* Z( x$ |3 X我在哈佛最难忘的回忆之一,发生在1975年1月。那时,我从宿舍楼里给位于Albuquerque ' h8 F3 O3 P: P4 B# y+ v4 B4 a
的一家公司打了一个电话,那家公司已经在着手制造世界上第一台个人电脑。我提出想向 5 w/ z7 j3 Z& V" j: `2 L3 r9 b
他们出售软件。 ( O3 Y6 `" P+ ]" T$ S: \( ?. N) w
$ {! A/ F0 F' L( M) G+ }9 WI worried that they would realize I was just a student in a dorm and hang up o
1 ~* b* g3 K% l( N- e; Vn me. Instead they said: "We're not quite ready, come see us in a month," whic . D% ~/ k( O' e! ^. M
h was a good thing, because we hadn't written the software yet. From that mome
* W+ R, v2 u& ~% Ont, I worked day and night on this little extra credit project that marked the
8 h5 o8 H$ U) S+ }end of my college education and the beginning of a remarkable journey with Mi ; R1 t8 P0 Z8 Z6 {7 g
crosoft.
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6 C2 s1 w) P" g a, \4 ~- z8 }2 k我很担心,他们会发觉我是一个住在宿舍的学生,从而挂断电话。但是他们却说:“我们 ; O! D9 ^% M8 y, x+ H- r
还没准备好,一个月后你再来找我们吧。”这是个好消息,因为那时软件还根本没有写出
2 T. @5 |7 R* e7 h4 d2 X) W来呢。就是从那个时候起,我日以继夜地在这个小小的课外项目上工作,这导致了我学生 $ j4 e. ^ J/ J2 x& t4 w$ G2 G4 F
生活的结束,以及通往微软公司的不平凡的旅程的开始。
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What I remember above all about Harvard was being in the midst of so much ener 0 b/ R1 v+ P# ?3 y5 H
gy and intelligence. It could be exhilarating, intimidating, sometimes even di
; Y/ u4 u" N! dscouraging, but always challenging. It was an amazing privilege – and though
2 |- ?; V" X6 D2 Z+ Y3 W4 o, GI left early, I was transformed by my years at Harvard, the friendships I made
' ?* q# {8 ]' s0 O+ |, and the ideas I worked on.
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; i9 L$ P5 y) c2 c U4 S# f9 V T不管怎样,我对哈佛的回忆主要都与充沛的精力和智力活动有关。哈佛的生活令人愉快, ; Y0 Z1 m$ ?) h' M9 U
也令人感到有压力,有时甚至会感到泄气,但永远充满了挑战性。生活在哈佛是一种吸引 ; l) x6 y/ U9 J5 p/ Y2 t- I/ U
人的特殊待遇……虽然我离开得比较早,但是我在这里的经历、在这里结识的朋友、在这 ; @- _2 A( }3 j; I! d. ?! t
里发展起来的一些想法,永远地改变了我。
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But taking a serious look back … I do have one big regret.
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! r. B4 n; v. K" M但是,如果现在严肃地回忆起来,我确实有一个真正的遗憾。
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- o% \9 Z' y9 eI left Harvard with no real awareness of the awful inequities in the world –
# G. ?" K j: @7 t9 ]0 Pthe appalling disparities of health, and wealth, and opportunity that condemn
. G5 W* _3 i. i# v3 g, ^2 `millions of people to lives of despair. & N' M o- g6 E; [0 r6 C/ f
8 z, T$ u0 |3 S2 S* O* P0 \我离开哈佛的时候,根本没有意识到这个世界是多么的不平等。人类在健康、财富和机遇 ; G, `, ^( w* F; @
上的不平等大得可怕,它们使得无数的人们被迫生活在绝望之中。 " w/ Y8 p( s& ~" |/ O
0 D" g1 H' H- M+ p3 f1 r+ X$ i9 ^: ]I learned a lot here at Harvard about new ideas in economics and politics. I g 6 Z5 b( B2 a5 Z) d i6 K
ot great exposure to the advances being made in the sciences.
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我在哈佛学到了很多经济学和政治学的新思想。我也了解了很多科学上的新进展。 / q6 U- z0 B$ Z! Q8 c8 B# |7 @6 H
5 M% K- n( y" s+ V; P7 b2 zBut humanity's greatest advances are not in its discoveries – but in how thos & z8 {: T+ i: J9 [8 q J$ ?
e discoveries are applied to reduce inequity. Whether through democracy, stron
( a1 t) Y2 p- Qg public education, quality health care, or broad economic opportunity – redu
1 f' V l) [, H9 ]4 N n. s0 i1 G% rcing inequity is the highest human achievement. 5 Z. C( G/ p4 t
6 e5 M! D6 q8 v, I3 j但是,人类最大的进步并不来自于这些发现,而是来自于那些有助于减少人类不平等的发 / ?" y# D, v( j5 S5 j/ [7 G
现。不管通过何种手段——民主制度、健全的公共教育体系、高质量的医疗保健、还是广 0 }! m0 ^5 s8 `% L
泛的经济机会——减少不平等始终是人类最大的成就。 ' o& R( L, o0 Y
9 a, ?6 s- g$ VI left campus knowing little about the millions of young people cheated out of
* W0 Y8 H7 r' I" ]4 Ueducational opportunities here in this country. And I knew nothing about the * g( Z9 f% D' s7 a9 O4 D
millions of people living in unspeakable poverty and disease in developing cou
+ `* K! |6 d% e8 Jntries. 7 w( {7 F1 g$ {
8 Q& d8 b" @" s. s! q3 G0 a1 I8 b我离开校园的时候,根本不知道在这个国家里,有几百万的年轻人无法获得接受教育的机
% T+ B9 r3 Q: m9 `' V会。我也不知道,发展中国家里有无数的人们生活在无法形容的贫穷和疾病之中。
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* G+ c" r- a6 l* _' `It took me decades to find out. 0 v9 g1 z' _; |: d6 i
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我花了几十年才明白了这些事情。 & X: t$ y/ X1 |1 ^+ J
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You graduates came to Harvard at a different time. You know more about the wor ) Q- {8 N7 g, ?8 e0 p8 \: n5 e* e
ld's inequities than the classes that came before. In your years here, I hope
0 Y% L, I1 d( B; O# m1 ]you've had a chance to think about how – in this age of accelerating technolo % y& i! h$ `. f4 u: D* l# d
gy – we can finally take on these inequities, and we can solve them.
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在座的各位同学,你们是在与我不同的时代来到哈佛的。你们比以前的学生,更多地了解
u1 G I H3 q0 I$ o) f' B8 G世界是怎样的不平等。在你们的哈佛求学过程中,我希望你们已经思考过一个问题,那就
5 P$ O+ T7 i, D" j0 l是在这个新技术加速发展的时代,我们怎样最终应对这种不平等,以及我们怎样来解决这
( F1 X0 r! |9 R, |个问题。
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Imagine, just for the sake of discussion, that you had a few hours a week and * P' B, F; }+ i( }/ L
a few dollars a month to donate to a cause – and you wanted to spend that tim 0 y8 F+ C) ?9 f8 ^9 M
e and money where it would have the greatest impact in saving and improving li
6 a: [: V) K5 Dves. Where would you spend it?
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" W+ c4 T& U: P7 }* @为了讨论的方便,请想象一下,假如你每个星期可以捐献一些时间、每个月可以捐献一些 ; Z$ O: @: ^0 E k5 V
钱——你希望这些时间和金钱,可以用到对拯救生命和改善人类生活有最大作用的地方。 & \, S. G' V0 [
你会选择什么地方?
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* H$ ^0 ]0 l$ b9 dFor Melinda and for me, the challenge is the same: how can we do the most good
3 |/ X' w$ n( H% A% h ~& ]9 n7 m$ mfor the greatest number with the resources we have. + A: I0 p6 W* k& p, k3 U4 ^: h+ R
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对Melinda(注:盖茨的妻子)和我来说,这也是我们面临的问题:我们如何能将我们拥有 ; Y o, N# ~9 |
的资源发挥出最大的作用。 6 e1 ?4 p1 k9 l
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During our discussions on this question, Melinda and I read an article about t ' O* K" e4 } u3 k2 ? P+ R5 } U
he millions of children who were dying every year in poor countries from disea
. ^& e9 @# t6 N/ a- tses that we had long ago made harmless in this country. Measles, malaria, pneu 0 k1 J7 b8 @6 R( ?' l: B
monia, hepatitis B, yellow fever. One disease I had never even heard of, rotav 7 v9 o3 k& ~2 q! V+ w
irus, was killing half a million kids each year – none of them in the United
$ o X7 Q v. D$ B! fStates. 8 k* v8 C. y2 e5 a3 M! j
6 |, i6 ^8 G& G; i. Q& n1 y在讨论过程中,Melinda和我读到了一篇文章,里面说在那些贫穷的国家,每年有数百万的 ' v& ?6 G' d G( U$ l/ t
儿童死于那些在美国早已不成问题的疾病。麻疹、疟疾、肺炎、乙型肝炎、黄热病、还有
$ I, T9 S& L/ H9 t C一种以前我从未听说过的轮状病毒,这些疾病每年导致50万儿童死亡,但是在美国一例死 ! Y2 G0 X: B0 b* i3 F) o7 E
亡病例也没有。 " @8 x+ X. m1 n; ~( N
4 E! {: j0 A) X! [0 u1 _; s3 C4 T1 GWe were shocked. We had just assumed that if millions of children were dying a . |) E( A' c# S9 @0 b5 {. \ d
nd they could be saved, the world would make it a priority to discover and del 5 [% k& M) X7 C$ N7 M
iver the medicines to save them. But it did not. For under a dollar, there wer
, }4 p7 Q: e: @e interventions that could save lives that just weren't being delivered. 8 n3 V, _2 t4 @9 Y' f; H/ y6 q4 o
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我们被震惊了。我们想,如果几百万儿童正在死亡线上挣扎,而且他们是可以被挽救的,
4 E+ s$ _ S( G' C那么世界理应将用药物拯救他们作为头等大事。但是事实并非如此。那些价格还不到一美
# P& d, h( z. [- T$ V( ~元的救命的药剂,并没有送到他们的手中。
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If you believe that every life has equal value, it's revolting to learn that s
: r1 {9 j Q6 l; C- }0 p: y2 h4 dome lives are seen as worth saving and others are not. We said to ourselves: " , c+ g1 P8 M+ w9 U6 S
This can't be true. But if it is true, it deserves to be the priority of our g 7 x; I7 @( R1 L8 `5 o% o9 z/ U
iving." 2 T! h; y3 u; g$ X: c
6 ^! I+ j$ H e8 s9 q$ F如果你相信每个生命都是平等的,那么当你发现某些生命被挽救了,而另一些生命被放弃
p4 S d; |5 C1 E7 N' F了,你会感到无法接受。我们对自己说:“事情不可能如此。如果这是真的,那么它理应
; T* e7 z: g/ P7 G: R0 V是我们努力的头等大事。” 4 H- k6 }' G N0 C. Z2 f
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So we began our work in the same way anyone here would begin it. We asked: "Ho
6 \7 w, r1 t4 }3 W+ C7 V4 a- ww could the world let these children die?"
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所以,我们用任何人都会想到的方式开始工作。我们问:“这个世界怎么可以眼睁睁看着
* h: d9 Y3 c. U" W X8 I& N$ a0 \* e7 X这些孩子死去?”
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The answer is simple, and harsh. The market did not reward saving the lives of * @! n+ Y+ s4 M+ s/ U; Q
these children, and governments did not subsidize it. So the children died be
+ `9 `3 ]% L3 {cause their mothers and their fathers had no power in the market and no voice 0 W8 x! I8 J1 m2 ? {0 _- H
in the system.
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* L7 M0 c" _! Z9 R7 M4 A+ F答案很简单,也很令人难堪。在市场经济中,拯救儿童是一项没有利润的工作,政府也不 % W& D* M" F" M/ w |
会提供补助。这些儿童之所以会死亡,是因为他们的父母在经济上没有实力,在政治上没
: s' q7 q; [! s/ Z6 `有能力发出声音。 4 h6 S* [, [% G! Q
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But you and I have both.
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但是,你们和我在经济上有实力,在政治上能够发出声音。
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We can make market forces work better for the poor if we can develop a more cr ( m4 S! ~0 y/ Y& T @
eative capitalism – if we can stretch the reach of market forces so that more ' i* d& K l- I' i4 h
people can make a profit, or at least make a living, serving people who are s 2 J3 l3 `$ c2 H& ~6 Z" [4 M& O
uffering from the worst inequities. We also can press governments around the w
" F. N4 Q" S9 H$ ]% [orld to spend taxpayer money in ways that better reflect the values of the peo - F s2 q5 W) g5 }: Y5 }
ple who pay the taxes.
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我们可以让市场更好地为穷人服务,如果我们能够设计出一种更有创新性的资本主义制度
2 C; e( B# w2 g: b, A——如果我们可以改变市场,让更多的人可以获得利润,或者至少可以维持生活——那么
: n4 d8 L3 G J,这就可以帮到那些正在极端不平等的状况中受苦的人们。我们还可以向全世界的政府施 " e) ~: S1 ]& `( O$ a3 s8 r* _
压,要求他们将纳税人的钱,花到更符合纳税人价值观的地方。 4 e9 Q7 w5 e$ x4 v# O7 T
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If we can find approaches that meet the needs of the poor in ways that generat
: \5 o+ d. b! b3 Ve profits for business and votes for politicians, we will have found a sustain
' v; V9 ^9 f% W# \able way to reduce inequity in the world. This task is open-ended. It can neve Y" s' H, z2 O$ p
r be finished. But a conscious effort to answer this challenge will change the
# g* w+ s a9 bworld. ( q" w9 c: q( V, D* t/ N- I
2 @8 P% m0 O' J2 J' r4 F如果我们能够找到这样一种方法,既可以帮到穷人,又可以为商人带来利润,为政治家带
. \6 K6 B5 V4 J8 E来选票,那么我们就找到了一种减少世界性不平等的可持续的发展道路。这个任务是无限 4 _4 g: |$ Z7 A/ r' y
的。它不可能被完全完成,但是任何自觉地解决这个问题的尝试,都将会改变这个世界。
) z* d4 [% I2 w" b
1 Q k, r( v9 Q+ k
5 m7 [4 Y% [* cI am optimistic that we can do this, but I talk to skeptics who claim there is
n& F v) x4 j4 s- w6 B) ono hope. They say: "Inequity has been with us since the beginning, and will b
$ [! m- m& E5 l' l* j& fe with us till the end – because people just … don't … care." I completely 3 T* b& P$ o7 P1 m: [* A
disagree. 0 Q7 B% R1 @8 l
4 A8 m0 m2 C+ z* K1 N8 j
在这个问题上,我是乐观的。但是,我也遇到过那些感到绝望的怀疑主义者。他们说:“ % O- {- B4 \1 D+ \0 }" `# g
不平等从人类诞生的第一天就存在,到人类灭亡的最后一天也将存在。——因为人类对这 U' C$ `$ w$ G6 [# b; q
个问题根本不在乎。”我完全不能同意这种观点。
/ ]) H1 z" j% u, O6 r8 L1 g& R( m) M! E: ?$ u3 g: V5 O7 D" J3 j
I believe we have more caring than we know what to do with.
8 B+ _; p; f! A7 b. Z% l2 o t2 \8 G1 {+ B; F
我相信,问题不是我们不在乎,而是我们不知道怎么做。 8 ]* f3 D4 C! C) S
% X. Y9 N1 d9 S! ~* ~1 k7 oAll of us here in this Yard, at one time or another, have seen human tragedies
, Q7 v% k$ K' s+ D: Y$ V- athat broke our hearts, and yet we did nothing – not because we didn't care,
i* t# [: R6 i/ X, gbut because we didn't know what to do. If we had known how to help, we would h & o3 H q6 U6 f! h) u
ave acted.
- X# s5 @& X8 `9 c* s
% w4 i4 Z s# O+ q7 r此刻在这个院子里的所有人,生命中总有这样或那样的时刻,目睹人类的悲剧,感到万分
1 N$ _% O& F1 e3 r- E: x0 m伤心。但是我们什么也没做,并非我们无动于衷,而是因为我们不知道做什么和怎么做。
; d0 `9 R7 b* w0 f- i如果我们知道如何做是有效的,那么我们就会采取行动。 ) S9 e8 f0 ~3 k0 s
6 S" M9 |. f" a0 S- Y2 ]The barrier to change is not too little caring; it is too much complexity. 5 A6 ^6 f1 L$ r+ |7 i$ D& b! u
) g, `4 o. H# @& X改变世界的阻碍,并非人类的冷漠,而是世界实在太复杂。
7 f9 i+ A! @+ N. c" x& _" Q
! k$ _) a- R- b* N, ?To turn caring into action, we need to see a problem, see a solution, and see # F5 N! V G5 Q3 V; C7 S
the impact. But complexity blocks all three steps. 1 u* Z& z2 F2 B
9 w# G% q8 @: O8 q, r; s( v为了将关心转变为行动,我们需要找到问题,发现解决办法的方法,评估后果。但是世界 & d" G2 x/ O( _
的复杂性使得所有这些步骤都难于做到。 8 q$ `8 Q) X* ?8 f# q
* x* O. g# ^9 T, ?4 l6 Q" H+ T
Even with the advent of the Internet and 24-hour news, it is still a complex e
6 M @7 g% q+ Hnterprise to get people to truly see the problems. When an airplane crashes, o 2 X. p8 v% a" R, Y2 t+ y- i
fficials immediately call a press conference. They promise to investigate, det + z+ A7 o6 V, j E* z) A* {
ermine the cause, and prevent similar crashes in the future. : Z1 }: _! J; Q! R2 Y
. \$ Z) W$ {( ]+ ]即使有了互联网和24小时直播的新闻台,让人们真正发现问题所在,仍然十分困难。当一
1 L& u: @4 V( i5 R架飞机坠毁了,官员们会立刻召开新闻发布会,他们承诺进行调查、找到原因、防止将来
- T; W" L3 h* B+ H2 ` m再次发生类似事故。
# Z" Z3 l' u7 l) N7 f: C2 o1 k5 {& S5 A( D0 b" N4 H9 {% N% K
But if the officials were brutally honest, they would say: "Of all the people
" E; y( Y) \, L! \8 R! i& |. yin the world who died today from preventable causes, one half of one percent o ; }4 D" k! g l& p7 g/ r* f
f them were on this plane. We're determined to do everything possible to solve & H/ K9 X3 E, M, x2 L( V
the problem that took the lives of the one half of one percent."
/ m: O8 T6 W% n5 o4 A- Z7 T( X3 _ l* Y9 R d1 w8 D
但是如果那些官员敢说真话,他们就会说:“在今天这一天,全世界所有可以避免的死亡 / ^' x' \* t" ^
之中,只有0.5%的死者来自于这次空难。我们决心尽一切努力,调查这个0.5%的死亡原因
! d C+ T/ Y8 A; N2 _5 g。”
+ w$ G6 V: I; o1 B- e- y8 d, k% O9 q% t
The bigger problem is not the plane crash, but the millions of preventable dea 9 m% p# ]2 N& z$ b' F9 \9 F
ths.
2 W6 ~. f; h( B. J/ S9 w: y- Q# j/ X. w0 b
显然,更重要的问题不是这次空难,而是其他几百万可以预防的死亡事件。 4 Q- J+ r: M2 t/ R) y9 s2 N/ @
7 Y* @. b* |; SWe don't read much about these deaths. The media covers what's new – and mill & k' r5 h: ]6 Z: |5 t
ions of people dying is nothing new. So it stays in the background, where it's
; W/ h* E2 h; t8 c, E* Keasier to ignore. But even when we do see it or read about it, it's difficult
- [3 ?' v9 P% O3 w- Mto keep our eyes on the problem. It's hard to look at suffering if the situat
& A9 X% i: B _' y# T- a- ^7 |# ]ion is so complex that we don't know how to help. And so we look away. / Z2 _& f* k! u3 [4 ?. `
* b: g9 F% T* T R4 I我们并没有很多机会了解那些死亡事件。媒体总是报告新闻,几百万人将要死去并非新闻 . z2 {9 z' w% g$ D/ k- {
。如果没有人报道,那么这些事件就很容易被忽视。另一方面,即使我们确实目睹了事件
6 {* @# `- s2 [. ?" U0 {# _本身或者看到了相关报道,我们也很难持续关注这些事件。看着他人受苦是令人痛苦的,
7 m% v5 i5 F2 q" `2 a8 x% \% J何况问题又如此复杂,我们根本不知道如何去帮助他人。所以我们会将脸转过去。
5 Q# Q% h" X# z% s3 D; X- y$ w8 g% O5 z- L: x
If we can really see a problem, which is the first step, we come to the second
6 f" t) A" Y' O: ystep: cutting through the complexity to find a solution.
0 v! U- O- ~% w9 h: ^; ?6 @3 L w' K2 `& q! A
就算我们真正发现了问题所在,也不过是迈出了第一步,接着还有第二步:那就是从复杂 * P4 q% i; h2 B$ s: s
的事件中找到解决办法。
. z! n9 L# W6 \( f
; |3 q3 L! e' S& xFinding solutions is essential if we want to make the most of our caring. If w 3 U* [: b! S' ?* Z$ \9 F# X9 ^
e have clear and proven answers anytime an organization or individual asks "Ho * S$ X% [! M q9 r( ?
w can I help?," then we can get action – and we can make sure that none of th $ ^! C1 o0 N& B5 G1 K
e caring in the world is wasted. But complexity makes it hard to mark a path o
f9 T; o/ M8 T. |* C4 Uf action for everyone who cares — and that makes it hard for their caring to
( Y8 @0 R0 U+ r: D& T4 d, |4 R6 Omatter. # F. B5 V* {) A% X6 _
. {) i6 m& X4 ^2 d- H0 W# m# D6 Z( k) J
如果我们要让关心落到实处,我们就必须找到解决办法。如果我们有一个清晰的和可靠的
* p( C7 x9 Z/ J+ ]( z" M. k答案,那么当任何组织和个人发出疑问“如何我能提供帮助”的时候,我们就能采取行动
4 H% {% q$ o, G。我们就能够保证不浪费一丁点全世界人类对他人的关心。但是,世界的复杂性使得很难
( J' Y$ t# r! C- S, O# g% w找到对全世界每一个有爱心的人都有效的行动方法,因此人类对他人的关心往往很难产生 2 {! M, C: x. j5 {( y
实际效果。 : B) C ?3 S" O5 T& e5 x; f' K
' e j, ?& {. r& H! {
Cutting through complexity to find a solution runs through four predictable st + `4 r# B( n, \8 l* h' ? b' f
ages: determine a goal, find the highest-leverage approach, discover the ideal 6 u% t# T# H, M
technology for that approach, and in the meantime, make the smartest applicat
- T( i/ ?) j1 _& B; wion of the technology that you already have — whether it's something sophisti ; F2 J( B# d# r! z1 e" h( R2 L% y. ]
cated, like a drug, or something simpler, like a bednet. & ~0 _ a- n8 a* H8 F/ i
+ t3 v/ E" D: q( S从这个复杂的世界中找到解决办法,可以分为四个步骤:确定目标,找到最高效的方法,
3 f. M# k; o3 R0 g9 l; _4 s. d2 s; _发现适用于这个方法的新技术,同时最聪明地利用现有的技术,不管它是复杂的药物,还
. p1 P. v* Z/ G: s5 S4 W是最简单的蚊帐。 # s' e% G6 R1 @& ]0 X% P0 r
: i+ Z; t2 L! V* H* v3 q8 n0 D' |, eThe AIDS epidemic offers an example. The broad goal, of course, is to end the
, A- t" j+ E A' b1 Ddisease. The highest-leverage approach is prevention. The ideal technology wou
( T/ k! q0 }4 n& T/ k. ]1 Pld be a vaccine that gives lifetime immunity with a single dose. So government
0 x7 V; c- ^# k! d, J( [s, drug companies, and foundations fund vaccine research. But their work is li
! p( S* A) K# c9 B2 U0 s& _, i6 k8 V9 [kely to take more than a decade, so in the meantime, we have to work with what
* S* b5 V- d* ~' l, M+ o4 j" Zwe have in hand – and the best prevention approach we have now is getting pe * O" m5 R# r+ [5 d- v) O
ople to avoid risky behavior.
6 q; a) Y3 j( T+ y' i5 i. X' Q7 ^8 L' Y- K& ~, c/ d
艾滋病就是一个例子。总的目标,毫无疑问是消灭这种疾病。最高效的方法是预防。最理
* Y, N, |; J/ _# Z1 h想的技术是发明一种疫苗,只要注射一次,就可以终生免疫。所以,政府、制药公司、基
- J( |7 G$ G# {: a( X; I/ {6 [- {9 S金会应该资助疫苗研究。但是,这样研究工作很可能十年之内都无法完成。因此,与此同
4 e" R5 _; N0 [7 s% x& p" ]4 }3 ~& ]时,我们必须使用现有的技术,目前最有效的预防方法就是设法让人们避免那些危险的行 ( W9 U1 O7 J6 w
为。
9 s/ e Z, F6 w1 N; V
2 y# D; R+ `* N& |Pursuing that goal starts the four-step cycle again. This is the pattern. The
2 `$ Y: C% [) i2 \( N. ocrucial thing is to never stop thinking and working – and never do what we di 5 G0 |, v; E9 @/ U$ X l% ~
d with malaria and tuberculosis in the 20th century – which is to surrender t
! L0 f* o1 B3 Mo complexity and quit.
& q& z4 a$ _8 m6 e, \) {
+ Y' Y. _& L+ r% A2 W& P& ^要实现这个新的目标,又可以采用新的四步循环。这是一种模式。关键的东西是永远不要
L5 \1 F! Y& ]4 s停止思考和行动。我们千万不能再犯上个世纪在疟疾和肺结核上犯过的错误,那时我们因 - U P# j) z' N) N% O3 I- j
为它们太复杂,而放弃了采取行动。 ! t/ i7 \2 U$ g. T: Y
! f4 v0 i' @& |) X( T5 w/ O% j
The final step – after seeing the problem and finding an approach – is to me ; Y. d$ J. d* }" ?0 ^
asure the impact of your work and share your successes and failures so that ot + f4 J* }' w# I) W, ~
hers learn from your efforts. $ k& [) |" m2 N
- u/ _/ r) E1 K6 ^+ B# M! I# v- _在发现问题和找到解决方法之后,就是最后一步——评估工作结果,将你的成功经验或者 1 F7 W, \, [ v R8 z
失败经验传播出去,这样其他人就可以从你的努力中有所收获。
. a$ W- _% n& X1 I* N9 }6 n, d. e5 M7 j5 r! d; c) k7 ~8 l
You have to have the statistics, of course. You have to be able to show that a
9 q% D/ B" u9 [+ p' E2 `" \program is vaccinating millions more children. You have to be able to show a
- l4 ~( E5 f0 m% L6 Kdecline in the number of children dying from these diseases. This is essential ! f9 y) h1 k) t& O. G! }; U3 n) P
not just to improve the program, but also to help draw more investment from b 5 c! E) o: |7 R* E" K2 I
usiness and government.
* {4 w: u. r& }+ e4 A1 m# C U$ K5 `+ E# i
当然,你必须有一些统计数字。你必须让他人知道,你的项目为几百万儿童新接种了疫苗
, S, {* e3 W: K( t( x" }+ K。你也必须让他人知道,儿童死亡人数下降了多少。这些都是很关键的,不仅有利于改善 5 m/ q* ]9 M9 |) y: D' r2 z
项目效果,也有利于从商界和政府得到更多的帮助。
# E) N; q0 U; t! p
- \2 D b$ v8 ^/ q1 GBut if you want to inspire people to participate, you have to show more than n ! @. |( k- R1 U' x9 X& w; j
umbers; you have to convey the human impact of the work – so people can feel # {# D3 C6 T* |, q! @* W/ K
what saving a life means to the families affected.
- A" ~! F4 Z. F0 Q8 [- |
$ B) l8 V$ Y, P$ Z: {; X7 R但是,这些还不够,如果你想激励其他人参加你的项目,你就必须拿出更多的统计数字;
& P# m' V B3 r$ Y% ^你必须展示你的项目的人性因素,这样其他人就会感到拯救一个生命,对那些处在困境中
7 A' v2 O2 H4 O) \的家庭到底意味着什么。
/ v- F1 f1 I( k9 M- j
8 r# }& s2 `4 M$ KI remember going to Davos some years back and sitting on a global health panel
3 X5 M8 a4 ]5 I; s+ h! Mthat was discussing ways to save millions of lives. Millions! Think of the th
5 d8 E* q2 x6 k4 |% |5 c% {0 drill of saving just one person's life – then multiply that by millions. … Ye
1 ^ S2 B F) ^, xt this was the most boring panel I've ever been on – ever. So boring even I c
F9 t7 u, `' u a) P5 Kouldn't bear it.
# s N3 w, }/ P$ s; S6 f& l2 W3 n& w: Z+ \! F/ ]
几年前,我去瑞士达沃斯旁听一个全球健康问题论坛,会议的内容有关于如何拯救几百万
/ v. I& f/ i% O6 B! d" Q条生命。天哪,是几百万!想一想吧,拯救一个人的生命已经让人何等激动,现在你要把
' v- G* }) E4 H; O/ Q这种激动再乘上几百万倍……但是,不幸的是,这是我参加过的最最乏味的论坛,乏味到 & m# }) W7 z3 ^! V+ C$ g
我无法强迫自己听下去。 - J9 A" r, t& ~& Y
' f Q* H/ m: I/ d' d, q: J
What made that experience especially striking was that I had just come from an
f- U2 ~& V. w( |! a0 U& d. M' ]event where we were introducing version 13 of some piece of software, and we
, e7 Y8 O: z4 P5 p$ Zhad people jumping and shouting with excitement. I love getting people excited
J* M+ u, v$ T7 J4 W* }; H& Cabout software – but why can't we generate even more excitement for saving l & y+ E- {. K- p4 S- {; l" Z
ives? . Q: j+ G' ^6 C2 h; {# {7 n9 [
2 j: I; @" r7 c. }! r3 C! F
那次经历之所以让我难忘,是因为之前我们刚刚发布了一个软件的第13个版本,我们让观 3 }1 P" q1 u3 I, ^( ~5 F, |! ^! _
众激动得跳了起来,喊出了声。我喜欢人们因为软件而感到激动,那么我们为什么不能够
% N& P$ [) n9 i3 ^, `) I( H让人们因为能够拯救生命而感到更加激动呢?
: o; q) T+ t# Q! N# X3 a) q3 Z$ a3 w7 b* D, B! P6 o) [$ G; Q
You can't get people excited unless you can help them see and feel the impact.
( v |3 J. w. A) Q2 ?+ A' j2 pAnd how you do that – is a complex question. 5 ]* R' _+ g5 p7 J0 X1 x: H
7 a1 I4 T1 }1 n, x除非你能够让人们看到或者感受到行动的影响力,否则你无法让人们激动。如何做到这一 7 h5 W' Y6 b1 B4 e1 G+ _4 w
点,并不是一件简单的事。
, {8 @; g8 a4 F. W& E' O" L: |- p. P9 t: }" g
Still, I'm optimistic. Yes, inequity has been with us forever, but the new too & R3 F" Z h3 K: U' p |( X
ls we have to cut through complexity have not been with us forever. They are n
, h& D7 O. |8 U; s, `( Zew – they can help us make the most of our caring – and that's why the futur ; C. [5 ?- p+ \' z% f0 U$ {0 d. `
e can be different from the past. " Y4 l& l* A. K3 l- o5 _8 A
0 v* p2 v# V% ]1 q
同前面一样,在这个问题上,我依然是乐观的。不错,人类的不平等有史以来一直存在, 4 K; o' F' [2 \5 `6 A' f
但是那些能够化繁为简的新工具,却是最近才出现的。这些新工具可以帮助我们,将人类 7 l% {) }6 m% S$ r' c6 N# R
的同情心发挥最大的作用,这就是为什么将来同过去是不一样的。
, Y( ^! N/ Z- I7 R# D9 {# r9 p% f: i* s+ ~" `- |* [+ S
The defining and ongoing innovations of this age – biotechnology, the compute
1 g+ ~5 Y+ }& v" |r, the Internet – give us a chance we've never had before to end extreme pove
# `3 N5 n. _, s! `rty and end death from preventable disease.
0 s! J; U M! a+ I) n2 D* c1 A7 W# [% c j. n* o W/ i$ z
这个时代无时无刻不在涌现出新的革新——生物技术,计算机,互联网——它们给了我们 * g9 m# A: h' c, W- x
一个从未有过的机会,去终结那些极端的贫穷和非恶性疾病的死亡。 % l! T- t. q( t5 m
V5 { m& U( v" F# z- P
Sixty years ago, George Marshall came to this commencement and announced a pla
' y. L/ [' [* S+ O0 P' Kn to assist the nations of post-war Europe. He said: "I think one difficulty i , P7 o; g9 x% q' h% h$ c
s that the problem is one of such enormous complexity that the very mass of fa * n( O% m9 K! d% d/ S9 I7 \
cts presented to the public by press and radio make it exceedingly difficult f " e$ l* [$ h3 z1 a2 T6 b) R; a
or the man in the street to reach a clear appraisement of the situation. It is
3 t! J- g) K, f: F+ ]: yvirtually impossible at this distance to grasp at all the real significance o 0 d/ j9 b& E" R) w- ?/ ]* u Z# c
f the situation."
* v- K7 y/ a% W0 Q) L0 p1 `) u/ Q2 ^3 \5 F
六十年前,乔治·马歇尔也是在这个地方的毕业典礼上,宣布了一个计划,帮助那些欧洲
7 s9 l3 u8 R+ P/ ^3 z7 a国家的战后建设。他说:“我认为,困难的一点是这个问题太复杂,报纸和电台向公众源
7 \2 N( r' F: ?1 q1 Z2 ~源不断地提供各种事实,使得大街上的普通人极端难于清晰地判断形势。事实上,经过层
" ^9 j8 l+ ]* e1 | o9 o- j层传播,想要真正地把握形势,是根本不可能的。” ( G' @4 C: V' S% p6 A
9 M: M1 V* l$ f: WThirty years after Marshall made his address, as my class graduated without me
8 `! |0 V; {0 e0 E, technology was emerging that would make the world smaller, more open, more v
( C/ S' s: W+ B. f6 W( }/ gisible, less distant.
- r( q% J8 x( G; J0 i& `" C2 r) q- z0 @# g0 |5 ^
马歇尔发表这个演讲之后的三十年,我那一届学生毕业,当然我不在其中。那时,新技术 5 t( p# J* u* k
刚刚开始萌芽,它们将使得这个世界变得更小、更开放、更容易看到、距离更近。 + L7 V- K; J' M* G% s
( v" F, U. W0 c* AThe emergence of low-cost personal computers gave rise to a powerful network t , B! r9 M$ w! E6 G) Q
hat has transformed opportunities for learning and communicating.
4 T4 C8 o' q5 ~8 D& x
% O4 j: o) C+ ]低成本的个人电脑的出现,使得一个强大的互联网有机会诞生,它为学习和交流提供了巨 & Q ~& p4 D" N4 c9 o6 C& G4 B
大的机会。
* \& q* M* P! u% L {$ ^6 s! p' ?1 M- S# L6 A
The magical thing about this network is not just that it collapses distance an
h2 {5 o! N! ^8 _0 ?d makes everyone your neighbor. It also dramatically increases the number of b
! P, w- Q/ h" e6 f& w+ x% ^4 J! s# grilliant minds we can have working together on the same problem – and that sc
- x/ y$ y$ [8 Z( q9 `2 Jales up the rate of innovation to a staggering degree. 2 k4 C% d$ s I9 ~/ t: Q
# n$ T) s8 l. g# Y网络的神奇之处,不仅仅是它缩短了物理距离,使得天涯若比邻。它还极大地增加了怀有
7 k- d( a8 F) U! ]共同想法的人们聚集在一起的机会,我们可以为了解决同一个问题,一起共同工作。这就
3 Y H v7 O% k! d% [大大加快了革新的进程,发展速度简直快得让人震惊。 8 ?: }1 t2 s5 Y
, I6 K; b+ O" T9 ?1 I9 M
At the same time, for every person in the world who has access to this technol
8 a' g$ s4 j4 W( Sogy, five people don't. That means many creative minds are left out of this di
& ~1 s+ y6 p7 S1 \1 U9 {. s4 fscussion -- smart people with practical intelligence and relevant experience w " ^1 Y. W+ J3 y$ ^' J
ho don't have the technology to hone their talents or contribute their ideas t
( Y" l4 x5 D& h/ q; To the world. ) x9 ~3 |7 o" _7 u" ~0 l4 p
( s3 ?- m3 n) h与此同时,世界上有条件上网的人,只是全部人口的六分之一。这意味着,还有许多具有 ' I; s/ R! w3 p- V8 s3 k& ~
创造性的人们,没有加入到我们的讨论中来。那些有着实际的操作经验和相关经历的聪明
0 H/ |$ x* l4 A/ f" ]6 u人,却没有技术来帮助他们,将他们的天赋或者想法与全世界分享。
8 g) G4 U' g# a8 ?
% Y# Y {; C2 A7 `+ _) yWe need as many people as possible to have access to this technology, because
0 e" l# p) h5 mthese advances are triggering a revolution in what human beings can do for one
X3 R5 F) s7 A& \* @$ D L4 Hanother. They are making it possible not just for national governments, but f
) j9 c& e3 M6 [) [. R, n9 q6 v' U& ]6 Tor universities, corporations, smaller organizations, and even individuals to y- A V5 _& a- I. l
see problems, see approaches, and measure the impact of their efforts to addre
! {6 n7 r9 x1 E5 sss the hunger, poverty, and desperation George Marshall spoke of 60 years ago. ) i, g8 h \/ c+ H ?
3 g( U- c0 f2 C* ?5 B/ p
; e( A; A# E, U. J
我们需要尽可能地让更多的人有机会使用新技术,因为这些新技术正在引发一场革命,人 & T3 m# F7 G: h
类将因此可以互相帮助。新技术正在创造一种可能,不仅是政府,还包括大学、公司、小
. o5 g. r5 M2 R& h: L5 Z$ {机构、甚至个人,能够发现问题所在、能够找到解决办法、能够评估他们努力的效果,去
6 @- Q! N7 e' S: _9 [, q改变那些马歇尔六十年前就说到过的问题——饥饿、贫穷和绝望。 1 E( j; P: _ U: d4 ?9 @
9 K/ X4 A7 v5 X+ Z/ {7 a3 Y- OMembers of the Harvard Family: Here in the Yard is one of the great collection
! i7 [# d3 T! E6 |+ P, Q, os of intellectual talent in the world. / v8 q9 W+ s: _, Y F4 J7 x
: C" N3 J u# I1 }% z+ m5 N2 t5 Z" ~哈佛是一个大家庭。这个院子里在场的人们,是全世界最有智力的人类群体之一。 1 |/ t* e! \3 z. p
5 ^: ]& {# K: x- z3 U Q5 x+ M ZWhat for?
$ J) Q/ ^0 F/ \' u$ }2 J) L5 H4 B' G) `- s' r
我们可以做些什么? . A4 d. S6 n, ?8 C! G; _' @( I
' S/ ]/ q4 K0 E9 C0 V; |* @
There is no question that the faculty, the alumni, the students, and the benef
% W" ~8 A9 @% U" p' B' G# }' @8 |actors of Harvard have used their power to improve the lives of people here an
/ N$ Q$ s+ B5 W" Xd around the world. But can we do more? Can Harvard dedicate its intellect to
( s+ c. T/ L/ N: X2 zimproving the lives of people who will never even hear its name?
# l' [+ v" t/ Q" Z4 w( f# y1 f9 P& P8 `! w
毫无疑问,哈佛的老师、校友、学生和资助者,已经用他们的能力改善了全世界各地人们 + \$ B2 j+ G8 J( R
的生活。但是,我们还能够再做什么呢?有没有可能,哈佛的人们可以将他们的智慧,用
( d2 _; I1 ^5 R! |; x" {来帮助那些甚至从来没有听到过“哈佛”这个名字的人? + a( A! d |0 B3 |$ u) f; ~
. K* C+ G5 m T) E; w% ILet me make a request of the deans and the professors – the intellectual lead
& ?; Y- e0 J0 ?6 x l3 R2 x$ Y5 hers here at Harvard: As you hire new faculty, award tenure, review curriculum,
1 S4 u: Q( p9 `2 k* Q g" t* c% A+ Aand determine degree requirements, please ask yourselves: 3 I6 P7 M* {" ^9 J
" X6 d" _- W8 s; E" n0 J请允许我向各位院长和教授,提出一个请求——你们是哈佛的智力领袖,当你们雇用新的
+ R. h% ]0 m1 ?/ N& t1 |- r老师、授予终身教职、评估课程、决定学位颁发标准的时候,请问你们自己如下的问题: ! g6 V8 N$ S7 A7 o) P) p
+ x4 L: C- q; N! G# n9 _
) [% O# a8 ]1 o& Q; g @' }- m) d
Should our best minds be dedicated to solving our biggest problems? 3 P: c8 I" K; U3 r4 S1 T9 _
4 s$ g: w; x3 b我们最优秀的人才是否在致力于解决我们最大的问题? + ~9 |$ t3 U- m: C: B8 r& |5 `+ |' o
9 o* A9 P/ U- \% X; nShould Harvard encourage its faculty to take on the world's worst inequities? * I4 }1 h5 T& `' u% ?" X
Should Harvard students learn about the depth of global poverty … the prevale
7 e7 _7 J) F/ m; H" z; `nce of world hunger … the scarcity of clean water …the girls kept out of sch
( ~7 ?5 k) U9 y% @! `7 f; bool … the children who die from diseases we can cure? ( Z |/ I, c3 R* G7 u) X! N
( x B1 H& I2 x4 y3 z; ]' e! }哈佛是否鼓励她的老师去研究解决世界上最严重的不平等?哈佛的学生是否从全球那些极
$ }1 k8 ?" Y8 |% z端的贫穷中学到了什么……世界性的饥荒……清洁的水资源的缺乏……无法上学的女童…
. L/ ]1 v6 G4 h…死于非恶性疾病的儿童……哈佛的学生有没有从中学到东西? 0 I7 j5 w# D7 c' z
; e o) D4 y- t$ Y7 u; m: s6 ]9 G) i
Should the world's most privileged people learn about the lives of the world's 5 j5 v/ K$ `" O9 {2 s4 S
least privileged? ; j* k3 m0 N! d9 |. r
" @, w3 W% Z. e- m; A, X" x那些世界上过着最优越生活的人们,有没有从那些最困难的人们身上学到东西? & b/ r- B. j2 m Y. P
& g- n/ s+ w; }
These are not rhetorical questions – you will answer with your policies.
! y' b# h! b$ P) R- _9 r- R' [$ f$ `8 T* B" q; P
这些问题并非语言上的修辞。你必须用自己的行动来回答它们。
9 r6 c- C, G& ^- A- X
& a( I$ p! ~; e" LMy mother, who was filled with pride the day I was admitted here – never stop ! P0 H$ m5 I! f, P7 D3 f
ped pressing me to do more for others. A few days before my wedding, she hoste
4 ^4 X2 f* q' L: \d a bridal event, at which she read aloud a letter about marriage that she had
) Q5 [& u1 V, _6 q' lwritten to Melinda. My mother was very ill with cancer at the time, but she s
& [2 f. C$ j+ Z$ Jaw one more opportunity to deliver her message, and at the close of the letter
, c' J4 e* F. N5 i: Eshe said: "From those to whom much is given, much is expected." ) H% k3 t3 F% I) r# W6 n
5 e% Y! n* R+ M& e# S2 w
我的母亲在我被哈佛大学录取的那一天,曾经感到非常骄傲。她从没有停止督促我,去为
8 H3 `9 y: b% l& y; K他人做更多的事情。在我结婚的前几天,她主持了一个新娘进我家的仪式。在这个仪式上 ) a" E" f1 U$ l4 l
,她高声朗读了一封关于婚姻的信,这是她写给Melinda的。那时,我的母亲已经因为癌症 6 _6 R7 n0 M& k$ C4 T+ p! C
病入膏肓,但是她还是认为这是又一个传播她的信念的机会。在那封信的结尾,她写道: + ?' _1 B E, X) k1 k! E
“对于那些接受了许多帮助的人们,他们还在期待更多的帮助。你的能力越大,人们对你
6 p4 s# T1 ~* n0 y% H c) D的期望也就越大。” 0 |# Q' U; ]% H0 D3 `
4 U5 h% H7 Y7 z; A3 C
When you consider what those of us here in this Yard have been given – in tal
$ ~2 e# k5 e Y/ J% T$ F+ h& l9 jent, privilege, and opportunity – there is almost no limit to what the world $ h% Q# { ?; J, d
has a right to expect from us.
9 {0 d5 X1 n1 W1 m; ]& C5 e4 q0 N2 d& k
想一想吧,我们在这个院子里的这些人,被给予过什么——天赋、特权、机遇——那么可 % x0 t; Q0 @" U9 _8 V2 ]
以这样说,全世界的人们几乎有无限的权力,期待我们做出贡献。 # G* B5 y! w: q2 U
$ _4 W: i; ^' J Q2 T- sIn line with the promise of this age, I want to exhort each of the graduates h 3 b& j* x! u3 J( Y2 X& n: m
ere to take on an issue – a complex problem, a deep inequity, and become a sp
7 E' ^+ A& t0 ~ _8 t3 hecialist on it. If you make it the focus of your career, that would be phenome . _4 G9 m9 M- H/ q! Z% n2 m
nal. But you don't have to do that to make an impact. For a few hours every we
1 ?6 B9 p# _+ _& Sek, you can use the growing power of the Internet to get informed, find others
1 f" i( C5 A1 g l: c7 j6 cwith the same interests, see the barriers, and find ways to cut through them.
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同这个时代的期望一样,我也要向今天各位毕业的同学提出一个忠告:你们要选择一个问
, k* d, R6 t6 l' w题,一个复杂的问题,一个有关于人类深刻的不平等的问题,然后你们要变成这个问题的 ; A( b, r( N" N+ L. A+ M& L
专家。如果你们能够使得这个问题成为你们职业的核心,那么你们就会非常杰出。但是, # R3 p. l; y0 j* x
你们不必一定要去做那些大事。每个星期只用几个小时,你就可以通过互联网得到信息,
; O+ r# Z; m! R5 B* g找到志同道合的朋友,发现困难所在,找到解决它们的途径。 ( G/ x; @9 n/ w1 n z: \; z4 ^9 o
m: C* y) f* o8 B7 W! f' x1 fDon't let complexity stop you. Be activists. Take on the big inequities. It wi 1 }! i' @4 o( r( q) p
ll be one of the great experiences of your lives. 8 A( H* o. ^' x1 y$ ~2 G
8 j. c, o7 w# ^* _5 t) ^( w# a
不要让这个世界的复杂性阻碍你前进。要成为一个行动主义者。将解决人类的不平等视为
) Q+ S+ k7 M. @己任。它将成为你生命中最重要的经历之一。 * r9 y: B1 I' H) w' @" d
7 B& M J: L: n1 |' vYou graduates are coming of age in an amazing time. As you leave Harvard, you " X+ Y/ r8 K6 v8 S# k" A
have technology that members of my class never had. You have awareness of glob 2 b" u& Z4 ]& w# W* F6 i
al inequity, which we did not have. And with that awareness, you likely also h
! f3 u/ i- ]: L6 B, V! u; uave an informed conscience that will torment you if you abandon these people w
9 S; o3 w9 E8 q9 r2 K! _2 g# zhose lives you could change with very little effort. You have more than we had % R e1 _- f$ B1 K Z
; you must start sooner, and carry on longer. + f. x. Y! [& [$ Z" N& z; G
8 \9 K* ^ `* D' S
在座的各位毕业的同学,你们所处的时代是一个神奇的时代。当你们离开哈佛的时候,你 4 N4 F( k" A. l5 Q) C
们拥有的技术,是我们那一届学生所没有的。你们已经了解到了世界上的不平等,我们那
1 E# ]! P( l& o9 U9 D时还不知道这些。有了这样的了解之后,要是你再弃那些你可以帮助的人们于不顾,就将
: C+ v, n! r# p# z* Q& ^受到良心的谴责,只需一点小小的努力,你就可以改变那些人们的生活。你们比我们拥有
# [! _- e( x' ~: n更大的能力;你们必须尽早开始,尽可能长时期坚持下去。
; [1 J5 C$ A: N4 W% u& L; Y4 P3 T& N! m" i9 t
Knowing what you know, how could you not? ( j# t& p5 c! ?7 {9 v# Q- l
8 l0 r- R3 z1 B, K; L6 |
知道了你们所知道的一切,你们怎么可能不采取行动呢?
$ X1 m/ a5 r# f8 m9 i/ \1 j
/ f/ m$ e4 W# S; I# z- FAnd I hope you will come back here to Harvard 30 years from now and reflect on
$ |( `$ v6 {& ~+ e1 b8 k w+ f7 K$ `what you have done with your talent and your energy. I hope you will judge yo # N+ R( X. f, d
urselves not on your professional accomplishments alone, but also on how well
2 O7 E4 E7 {! U6 ? z7 k2 Hyou have addressed the world's deepest inequities … on how well you treated p
g$ K" {. P. e$ e- o% O" ?7 ieople a world away who have nothing in common with you but their humanity. m' s2 ^7 T) Y u! c; ~' G( W1 @
* g) k$ z; E, |4 j: n我希望,30年后你们还会再回到哈佛,想起你们用自己的天赋和能力所做出的一切。我希 2 l, d# f7 T$ Q& m* f# R
望,在那个时候,你们用来评价自己的标准,不仅仅是你们的专业成就,而包括你们为改
6 R; ]9 E# p3 |; N( \2 F变这个世界深刻的不平等所做出的努力,以及你们如何善待那些远隔千山万水、与你们毫
" R4 b' o4 T$ i5 a+ w/ t& X不涉及的人们,你们与他们唯一的共同点就是同为人类。 |
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