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2008-11-02 01:02:11 来自: lightpie(上次登录还是1.5年前.....) ; L1 u4 e! q- v) t! u: M5 S
比尔·盖茨在哈佛大学毕业典礼上的演讲 * @$ i) Q9 T1 C: {/ O5 c
$ V" o; d4 \) s1 D: U2007年6月7日
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阮一峰 译
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President Bok, former President Rudenstine, incoming President Faust, members
$ q( F8 ?. F* o) M1 bof the Harvard Corporation and the Board of Overseers, members of the faculty, : c( G3 S1 Q( r8 b" d e
parents, and especially, the graduates:
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尊敬的Bok校长,Rudenstine前校长,即将上任的Faust校长,哈佛集团的各位成员,监管
% F! h) h+ m7 D* X! y: e理事会的各位理事,各位老师,各位家长,各位同学:
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I've been waiting more than 30 years to say this: "Dad, I always told you I'd
" v. K1 D- O! u- H9 [$ O4 J* Ccome back and get my degree." 0 O1 {+ O1 @2 y j. F. Z: P
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有一句话我等了三十年,现在终于可以说了:“老爸,我总是跟你说,我会回来拿到我的 # s- m6 B5 B1 x) X, c9 l
学位的!”
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0 X6 @& D" z6 _5 l' S4 cI want to thank Harvard for this timely honor. I'll be changing my job next ye % Q/ a0 u7 ?3 v6 f$ G8 r, _; w
ar … and it will be nice to finally have a college degree on my resume. 5 j& T$ }. v# ~ z# J% N+ `7 X
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我要感谢哈佛大学在这个时候给我这个荣誉。明年,我就要换工作了(注:指从微软公司 " _+ N s0 h- U. {0 M( J
退休)……我终于可以在简历上写我有一个本科学位,这真是不错啊。 + W2 r; _' h! O9 H8 E# H3 H+ B, P
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I applaud the graduates today for taking a much more direct route to your degr 0 Y' f1 }: H3 z; \% X8 ]
ees. For my part, I'm just happy that the Crimson has called me "Harvard's mos ' p! S0 _0 h" \2 K: H
t successful dropout." I guess that makes me valedictorian of my own special c
; y7 F" Q- s* e/ A; Ilass … I did the best of everyone who failed. ; |* O, z7 l) N9 h1 c* M
i. [7 I% l: C0 H我为今天在座的各位同学感到高兴,你们拿到学位可比我简单多了。哈佛的校报称我是“
7 }% M4 u: B) x8 F! _2 y/ S! a哈佛大学历史上最成功的辍学生”。我想这大概使我有资格代表我这一类学生发言……在 8 u$ W4 v" y k8 b
所有的失败者里,我做得最好。 0 X9 o! Y* i( f C
& Z: ?' ]* j: ?+ ?- I& `: UBut I also want to be recognized as the guy who got Steve Ballmer to drop out ; g& z6 B7 W2 @+ d! C3 H U
of business school. I'm a bad influence. That's why I was invited to speak at
% b7 Q( c- d4 w7 y" lyour graduation. If I had spoken at your orientation, fewer of you might be he
( [& F6 |' ]% {% n+ T6 ire today.
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但是,我还要提醒大家,我使得Steve Ballmer(注:微软总经理)也从哈佛商学院退学了 / Z: k. W4 \1 q: n3 J& x4 u+ h
。因此,我是个有着恶劣影响力的人。这就是为什么我被邀请来在你们的毕业典礼上演讲 1 T4 `9 T1 y p6 A; \( i9 m% U
。如果我在你们入学欢迎仪式上演讲,那么能够坚持到今天在这里毕业的人也许会少得多 1 c/ A. z- X8 L. w# x8 X) O
吧。
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0 i Z" x9 C: u5 H1 iHarvard was just a phenomenal experience for me. Academic life was fascinating
0 I6 y* d' |6 a. I used to sit in on lots of classes I hadn't even signed up for. And dorm li
* w: @6 a$ H. }: ?fe was terrific. I lived up at Radcliffe, in Currier House. There were always 8 r8 |) {9 g6 O0 }) Q6 f' V
lots of people in my dorm room late at night discussing things, because everyo
4 w. j7 G2 H) ]1 e3 }2 \ne knew I didn't worry about getting up in the morning. That's how I came to b 4 w* A5 k4 A* ]2 N
e the leader of the anti-social group. We clung to each other as a way of vali ) P" T$ G/ v2 q% d
dating our rejection of all those social people.
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对我来说,哈佛的求学经历是一段非凡的经历。校园生活很有趣,我常去旁听我没选修的 2 T9 n' ]# t( `/ a! K) C( d* P7 z
课。哈佛的课外生活也很棒,我在Radcliffe过着逍遥自在的日子。每天我的寝室里总有很
- K" T: T; [2 R. b2 S# p多人一直待到半夜,讨论着各种事情。因为每个人都知道我从不考虑第二天早起。这使得
% W3 p. c6 g$ d+ D# c9 ?我变成了校园里那些不安分学生的头头,我们互相粘在一起,做出一种拒绝所有正常学生 & e8 J; r: ?& _( }- M
的姿态。 # R9 h6 J4 S; D6 N8 }- }
* D% A" n" u2 B( QRadcliffe was a great place to live. There were more women up there, and most 8 U {; o* k, i C
of the guys were science-math types. That combination offered me the best odds ! O9 b8 z% U2 @; v+ q4 K* @0 b# I
, if you know what I mean. This is where I learned the sad lesson that improvi
1 Z4 B5 B: P( U' Dng your odds doesn't guarantee success. 6 F0 ]2 D8 _" [% S( L, s2 k
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Radcliffe是个过日子的好地方。那里的女生比男生多,而且大多数男生都是理工科的。这 6 M$ E) X1 z% H3 s$ i0 n! m
种状况为我创造了最好的机会,如果你们明白我的意思。可惜的是,我正是在这里学到了 8 H$ }2 H( u: i2 ^& w- I
人生中悲伤的一课:机会大,并不等于你就会成功。
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One of my biggest memories of Harvard came in January 1975, when I made a call
* l; V; e. g2 B- N }1 }3 lfrom Currier House to a company in Albuquerque that had begun making the worl 2 X% w; F7 V$ B! |: x- }
d's first personal computers. I offered to sell them software. 2 _2 p4 u" a/ M
: P6 ]0 r! M0 i! p$ u& ?我在哈佛最难忘的回忆之一,发生在1975年1月。那时,我从宿舍楼里给位于Albuquerque N. s3 `: v% ?9 T% a' e R
的一家公司打了一个电话,那家公司已经在着手制造世界上第一台个人电脑。我提出想向 3 s3 |% `. Z' g0 t- Z, j% M
他们出售软件。 * M% e* ]- C: j9 Z7 {' t
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I worried that they would realize I was just a student in a dorm and hang up o
$ u: x; B/ ]4 B- J# Un me. Instead they said: "We're not quite ready, come see us in a month," whic
# O. `5 Y, @* gh was a good thing, because we hadn't written the software yet. From that mome : w9 S4 n. u% F* B3 u! _; ~1 }
nt, I worked day and night on this little extra credit project that marked the 9 S. K0 y* c4 H
end of my college education and the beginning of a remarkable journey with Mi 7 w! K2 m) H1 ]4 v' [
crosoft. 5 j0 s5 M' r! A$ y, ~
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我很担心,他们会发觉我是一个住在宿舍的学生,从而挂断电话。但是他们却说:“我们 6 c0 e9 ~+ v# ]
还没准备好,一个月后你再来找我们吧。”这是个好消息,因为那时软件还根本没有写出
6 o8 u) R2 J9 a7 l+ s2 A来呢。就是从那个时候起,我日以继夜地在这个小小的课外项目上工作,这导致了我学生 5 Z7 M9 O4 x: U9 m: E1 g5 j
生活的结束,以及通往微软公司的不平凡的旅程的开始。 5 Z m; [7 T0 U( F/ u" e
- L' l2 T& t1 X. J# VWhat I remember above all about Harvard was being in the midst of so much ener ( S. r$ { p. [7 o& e" z
gy and intelligence. It could be exhilarating, intimidating, sometimes even di ! T3 a( f: A; v$ b; Y
scouraging, but always challenging. It was an amazing privilege – and though
7 W7 O$ y4 U4 r) S D% w" n" t: A QI left early, I was transformed by my years at Harvard, the friendships I made
6 T9 U1 n+ U) i8 f/ `( U, and the ideas I worked on.
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8 T, X( u& {! V& p! x3 a) {不管怎样,我对哈佛的回忆主要都与充沛的精力和智力活动有关。哈佛的生活令人愉快,
- h' g4 i ^" K0 d( @也令人感到有压力,有时甚至会感到泄气,但永远充满了挑战性。生活在哈佛是一种吸引 0 ~8 D0 H7 b, K' A5 ^
人的特殊待遇……虽然我离开得比较早,但是我在这里的经历、在这里结识的朋友、在这 7 r! r9 ]4 b& [! s
里发展起来的一些想法,永远地改变了我。 1 }1 P4 ?3 \2 U# n$ w
; J5 {& y' W5 Y0 h+ v# I5 [But taking a serious look back … I do have one big regret.
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0 {: m8 M! M, a! e; Q* y但是,如果现在严肃地回忆起来,我确实有一个真正的遗憾。
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. v9 N9 d# N3 e6 A7 y# d' s7 I" uI left Harvard with no real awareness of the awful inequities in the world – $ _1 k7 w4 A- b$ { X' Y; s" {) U* Z
the appalling disparities of health, and wealth, and opportunity that condemn ! H! z& {/ L( {- P- n9 a
millions of people to lives of despair.
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我离开哈佛的时候,根本没有意识到这个世界是多么的不平等。人类在健康、财富和机遇 % F. M5 M$ g( c
上的不平等大得可怕,它们使得无数的人们被迫生活在绝望之中。 , K, i, Q3 R3 @9 [
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I learned a lot here at Harvard about new ideas in economics and politics. I g
$ d N* Z" u% ^8 P* B: D9 z( Fot great exposure to the advances being made in the sciences. 8 l% D( t; `4 n: e; g$ ` a
, Y: U$ F: S* f/ W5 d7 Q3 ^' u我在哈佛学到了很多经济学和政治学的新思想。我也了解了很多科学上的新进展。
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4 S. }$ d7 F( n2 c! mBut humanity's greatest advances are not in its discoveries – but in how thos
& z7 j8 p! X! A8 D9 y' Z8 @e discoveries are applied to reduce inequity. Whether through democracy, stron
0 p# A( F7 ^$ ?, xg public education, quality health care, or broad economic opportunity – redu
5 @1 r! o' l& U8 D! n' f7 {# zcing inequity is the highest human achievement.
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但是,人类最大的进步并不来自于这些发现,而是来自于那些有助于减少人类不平等的发 7 n9 Y, A+ |" d6 D& ?! D- i( q
现。不管通过何种手段——民主制度、健全的公共教育体系、高质量的医疗保健、还是广 m9 l0 l4 \0 o0 i
泛的经济机会——减少不平等始终是人类最大的成就。 / }2 R( C6 O8 H% j& ^
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I left campus knowing little about the millions of young people cheated out of
- x; B, v+ h& ~, Ueducational opportunities here in this country. And I knew nothing about the
( c9 e9 Y; v6 l7 ]+ Wmillions of people living in unspeakable poverty and disease in developing cou 8 n! D4 J+ A- M% x2 P0 o
ntries.
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我离开校园的时候,根本不知道在这个国家里,有几百万的年轻人无法获得接受教育的机
2 `' i4 A8 D) ~0 Q5 c会。我也不知道,发展中国家里有无数的人们生活在无法形容的贫穷和疾病之中。 + k7 T3 [2 q% Y+ C; `7 w
0 p2 r2 f+ k4 LIt took me decades to find out. : j/ d: a0 O7 n" Z* z4 }7 g( P5 a9 g
% J9 f6 U2 o8 k! `: |. n我花了几十年才明白了这些事情。
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! b8 u6 T' N& A: T% _" g& AYou graduates came to Harvard at a different time. You know more about the wor
1 f9 p$ l& }3 @! G* c& c) xld's inequities than the classes that came before. In your years here, I hope % g j( r) ?1 O3 ]0 G3 C
you've had a chance to think about how – in this age of accelerating technolo , n1 {6 l+ Q9 r4 B
gy – we can finally take on these inequities, and we can solve them. / \7 a: K( E) l/ r& I5 w
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在座的各位同学,你们是在与我不同的时代来到哈佛的。你们比以前的学生,更多地了解 ) A4 c) y6 {. q2 z$ w/ x8 i- y
世界是怎样的不平等。在你们的哈佛求学过程中,我希望你们已经思考过一个问题,那就
5 w8 a0 C1 d. D9 B+ X是在这个新技术加速发展的时代,我们怎样最终应对这种不平等,以及我们怎样来解决这
+ m' d; x r: m; a8 H, I; H% n t个问题。 - M: C+ M* k0 ?
9 v# D2 ?$ P) e% \. H+ p5 QImagine, just for the sake of discussion, that you had a few hours a week and . p) q4 s N' G0 c
a few dollars a month to donate to a cause – and you wanted to spend that tim
/ w! r* \+ ]6 E6 Fe and money where it would have the greatest impact in saving and improving li ( ^) i6 q: R) V$ S
ves. Where would you spend it?
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+ M4 H6 o% d4 \! K( ^# w7 e8 |为了讨论的方便,请想象一下,假如你每个星期可以捐献一些时间、每个月可以捐献一些
, {% Y7 w* t1 o; N' ^, }2 t% A钱——你希望这些时间和金钱,可以用到对拯救生命和改善人类生活有最大作用的地方。 6 {! i9 o, B: b# N+ D9 i1 P
你会选择什么地方?
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For Melinda and for me, the challenge is the same: how can we do the most good
# j" @! n8 J' A: M+ g' Xfor the greatest number with the resources we have.
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5 ]: {% K, k1 h1 \& W* j; v. y对Melinda(注:盖茨的妻子)和我来说,这也是我们面临的问题:我们如何能将我们拥有 7 f; @1 }5 `. Q- `- X4 ^
的资源发挥出最大的作用。 ( u) u. h# B! n, d! o* t9 q
- w% C9 `" r1 U7 S: g0 _During our discussions on this question, Melinda and I read an article about t * Y5 H4 W% O3 j' x$ l
he millions of children who were dying every year in poor countries from disea 7 @8 h6 E% ]) h6 O$ o* s: B: U
ses that we had long ago made harmless in this country. Measles, malaria, pneu
3 t) Q5 \+ ^ H( [1 P* [9 dmonia, hepatitis B, yellow fever. One disease I had never even heard of, rotav * I, Z/ P$ a& s H5 j
irus, was killing half a million kids each year – none of them in the United 2 |5 G! \$ Z8 J8 J# f9 _
States.
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& W0 r) [; @. Q2 P7 b2 N2 i, m在讨论过程中,Melinda和我读到了一篇文章,里面说在那些贫穷的国家,每年有数百万的
0 z" i) d! w3 z9 L$ R儿童死于那些在美国早已不成问题的疾病。麻疹、疟疾、肺炎、乙型肝炎、黄热病、还有
1 n+ U4 _8 \0 Y9 G一种以前我从未听说过的轮状病毒,这些疾病每年导致50万儿童死亡,但是在美国一例死
" ]( V- X! R8 ?& t ~1 K0 K6 v2 y亡病例也没有。 0 K, C; l! x& k/ f
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We were shocked. We had just assumed that if millions of children were dying a
: m; N- |' K$ _6 R6 tnd they could be saved, the world would make it a priority to discover and del
6 ^2 Q+ G& S! F6 c5 s2 [' \+ ^iver the medicines to save them. But it did not. For under a dollar, there wer ( P% ^+ g/ `0 E; ^( y* T) t$ v
e interventions that could save lives that just weren't being delivered.
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我们被震惊了。我们想,如果几百万儿童正在死亡线上挣扎,而且他们是可以被挽救的, : \' L2 |! `" ?' F' B
那么世界理应将用药物拯救他们作为头等大事。但是事实并非如此。那些价格还不到一美 ( ~# Y7 l8 ]+ C3 j
元的救命的药剂,并没有送到他们的手中。 & D- b/ G+ I( L
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If you believe that every life has equal value, it's revolting to learn that s 9 i8 r2 Q8 X2 V/ D. K
ome lives are seen as worth saving and others are not. We said to ourselves: "
$ H( L, d1 r$ mThis can't be true. But if it is true, it deserves to be the priority of our g
Q; R0 `) z$ E% ~8 uiving." 9 q+ y8 ]) k, J, M6 {
! @# l$ J" i1 j8 t T; k/ |( Q% V: {如果你相信每个生命都是平等的,那么当你发现某些生命被挽救了,而另一些生命被放弃
3 w! a. Q2 C6 U) p6 n了,你会感到无法接受。我们对自己说:“事情不可能如此。如果这是真的,那么它理应
% ]& @1 m& h: R& e0 h6 A3 `$ \是我们努力的头等大事。” @. t+ D8 |. Z! a: r) h
9 S. ~$ O9 D6 C. \* uSo we began our work in the same way anyone here would begin it. We asked: "Ho
' G% X3 E& x% e7 {2 w% ~w could the world let these children die?"
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5 X7 C; r3 i/ K8 a: b7 S" \' d7 i所以,我们用任何人都会想到的方式开始工作。我们问:“这个世界怎么可以眼睁睁看着
9 h/ q' [4 e2 j这些孩子死去?”
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The answer is simple, and harsh. The market did not reward saving the lives of
$ {# V$ K5 [/ T& z) mthese children, and governments did not subsidize it. So the children died be
/ l& a6 e1 T, J3 m3 ?cause their mothers and their fathers had no power in the market and no voice ' {6 `* x7 T% i( m- `4 t) o- H
in the system.
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7 P( E% y& A, z8 t! r$ p答案很简单,也很令人难堪。在市场经济中,拯救儿童是一项没有利润的工作,政府也不 . w8 s5 J! ?) I7 V: |2 u# [! Q% q+ {
会提供补助。这些儿童之所以会死亡,是因为他们的父母在经济上没有实力,在政治上没
, W6 b. \7 j& `7 ^2 D- L _7 Z有能力发出声音。
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But you and I have both. 5 }6 [! H' j* r& f
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但是,你们和我在经济上有实力,在政治上能够发出声音。
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We can make market forces work better for the poor if we can develop a more cr 7 U! s( T+ z4 z! G% Q
eative capitalism – if we can stretch the reach of market forces so that more
" y9 `1 j: L0 j7 ]/ l$ n$ _people can make a profit, or at least make a living, serving people who are s . {" D7 ]9 s; G/ {
uffering from the worst inequities. We also can press governments around the w
+ P+ e4 E r- A8 \' r( ?. Y9 f3 Rorld to spend taxpayer money in ways that better reflect the values of the peo 1 n; @" |2 Q0 O
ple who pay the taxes. 2 K5 d1 \( ^2 v: E% o! _* U
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我们可以让市场更好地为穷人服务,如果我们能够设计出一种更有创新性的资本主义制度 ; R; T- w0 g; h! Y- C' t$ i
——如果我们可以改变市场,让更多的人可以获得利润,或者至少可以维持生活——那么 - x0 J6 _3 k4 L0 A4 F5 C
,这就可以帮到那些正在极端不平等的状况中受苦的人们。我们还可以向全世界的政府施
9 x' u9 b$ O0 g: a# y3 G压,要求他们将纳税人的钱,花到更符合纳税人价值观的地方。
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If we can find approaches that meet the needs of the poor in ways that generat 0 E+ M3 z3 J9 w( P* s) ~ N6 M
e profits for business and votes for politicians, we will have found a sustain
& U1 L$ u7 l: B+ L- \" t7 Xable way to reduce inequity in the world. This task is open-ended. It can neve
" l9 l* m @ G v: n, N' Qr be finished. But a conscious effort to answer this challenge will change the " M9 o. X5 P2 a
world.
& I7 ?0 _4 t! w: R/ B6 o- R5 K2 y" q0 P% \/ f, v U* ~+ L, K3 e- ^) v
如果我们能够找到这样一种方法,既可以帮到穷人,又可以为商人带来利润,为政治家带
8 \8 X- f0 K g6 D; b" m来选票,那么我们就找到了一种减少世界性不平等的可持续的发展道路。这个任务是无限 + m$ X7 {0 z* ?5 }& z
的。它不可能被完全完成,但是任何自觉地解决这个问题的尝试,都将会改变这个世界。 ; ]& @+ J& T0 k# d! ^3 L
0 v; p/ E2 Y2 C- A) |* k7 F
, n% B$ `) L) KI am optimistic that we can do this, but I talk to skeptics who claim there is
1 Q) L) J9 T2 c" Y/ R! Bno hope. They say: "Inequity has been with us since the beginning, and will b 5 W9 Y; p9 \! ] ]' b& \* H+ @
e with us till the end – because people just … don't … care." I completely
! p* d# u% `& O: vdisagree.
" X# ?; \! t# g5 s- {6 q, J0 l7 @2 e# f) s2 j3 U6 ]1 u
在这个问题上,我是乐观的。但是,我也遇到过那些感到绝望的怀疑主义者。他们说:“
) H2 [1 o6 F2 i2 U% r6 ]1 U不平等从人类诞生的第一天就存在,到人类灭亡的最后一天也将存在。——因为人类对这 - `$ L: U( r: L5 n/ _
个问题根本不在乎。”我完全不能同意这种观点。 4 t% n) A3 j" x1 A0 C2 k
. g: H* p# X& c; u/ O4 vI believe we have more caring than we know what to do with.
' n( z) a7 _4 S0 o3 W
4 u8 d* ?0 O" ?6 `0 ~/ A* {我相信,问题不是我们不在乎,而是我们不知道怎么做。
! y% ~5 v1 ]6 `' C( n& ]& I
* C' H, a. h: M% ]9 C5 LAll of us here in this Yard, at one time or another, have seen human tragedies
3 E- Y! o. r; E" G: {: _that broke our hearts, and yet we did nothing – not because we didn't care, / A% J2 Z: q9 Y3 |5 j8 T, ?
but because we didn't know what to do. If we had known how to help, we would h ; p. [) m) p3 p7 D1 y0 N
ave acted. 5 c; E5 [' U0 |+ V# q4 ^
1 v" d0 V/ _- F4 e此刻在这个院子里的所有人,生命中总有这样或那样的时刻,目睹人类的悲剧,感到万分 7 a/ n) j- o& r% D7 L, y
伤心。但是我们什么也没做,并非我们无动于衷,而是因为我们不知道做什么和怎么做。
% P' d7 i4 r: W3 A6 D @如果我们知道如何做是有效的,那么我们就会采取行动。
- }6 o. @/ f$ O& T5 o( @& r4 G" W9 i# h
0 `8 g6 {1 |! t7 OThe barrier to change is not too little caring; it is too much complexity. 3 d- C7 S! a% T( o. q' h' e
% P# x" B3 f0 _' Y改变世界的阻碍,并非人类的冷漠,而是世界实在太复杂。
4 a) y4 i6 F! q" V. |
/ ?$ Y& U1 |5 KTo turn caring into action, we need to see a problem, see a solution, and see / K0 }& u' j: [+ k. e
the impact. But complexity blocks all three steps.
?" j/ K- g6 Q# e& [$ o: H% s5 F3 s$ s/ {- ]' `( F
为了将关心转变为行动,我们需要找到问题,发现解决办法的方法,评估后果。但是世界 ' [9 ^! c4 O: B: C+ i9 A; \ a
的复杂性使得所有这些步骤都难于做到。 1 ]" q6 ?7 q# q. I8 ?9 b
$ x0 P; @2 ?' d# ~, J- x1 R
Even with the advent of the Internet and 24-hour news, it is still a complex e $ `& f- L$ F9 m4 T! j& y
nterprise to get people to truly see the problems. When an airplane crashes, o ; Q7 O6 M4 l( s, m4 v# U
fficials immediately call a press conference. They promise to investigate, det
7 s5 e1 T9 Y9 ~) Z! vermine the cause, and prevent similar crashes in the future.
! r1 k1 J$ o& {$ l- X" g
/ I! p0 U0 L3 B& ^& A' B0 E即使有了互联网和24小时直播的新闻台,让人们真正发现问题所在,仍然十分困难。当一 M% v- o, ]- U, v4 g% i4 M
架飞机坠毁了,官员们会立刻召开新闻发布会,他们承诺进行调查、找到原因、防止将来 4 p6 u+ f A7 ]
再次发生类似事故。 & h. X- |5 n- s$ Y, z% v! n
9 W9 m q1 e. M5 E+ _7 \1 GBut if the officials were brutally honest, they would say: "Of all the people
4 G9 ^ a9 s& nin the world who died today from preventable causes, one half of one percent o
! [4 h5 f8 l7 j, o; f6 S6 @f them were on this plane. We're determined to do everything possible to solve
0 i0 X1 F3 B- A9 T# T6 v8 y: P# qthe problem that took the lives of the one half of one percent." $ K: l. Z. Q# w( d
% w% F% f: r: [1 p4 R
但是如果那些官员敢说真话,他们就会说:“在今天这一天,全世界所有可以避免的死亡 + A& i3 C/ d. D& [4 [/ X% b
之中,只有0.5%的死者来自于这次空难。我们决心尽一切努力,调查这个0.5%的死亡原因 & Z) J' C. _: @# N% f/ m( S
。” ' p! O3 U- F+ y# M1 @
. [1 M- j1 G. E- t% p1 R8 f
The bigger problem is not the plane crash, but the millions of preventable dea - z5 V( n% S3 k9 E: `: J5 w A) u3 m
ths. 4 W7 b9 c; H2 B; [% }: O) h1 y0 |
7 F/ a: s8 F; W$ y D' z显然,更重要的问题不是这次空难,而是其他几百万可以预防的死亡事件。 + G0 i+ I. G3 H- p
* V; G4 g! o9 ~: n' \. p/ c- R& T
We don't read much about these deaths. The media covers what's new – and mill * G" M' B H6 }9 p! c0 b7 |
ions of people dying is nothing new. So it stays in the background, where it's
. K- V9 o/ x. e% V3 r9 q" deasier to ignore. But even when we do see it or read about it, it's difficult
2 {/ E' y8 V& l" Q9 ?$ y: bto keep our eyes on the problem. It's hard to look at suffering if the situat ) n1 |# ?2 [" M/ i' W
ion is so complex that we don't know how to help. And so we look away. % M( }2 O P3 p6 D, p$ `0 N
& J0 b4 C3 i: T. u
我们并没有很多机会了解那些死亡事件。媒体总是报告新闻,几百万人将要死去并非新闻 M; \4 _1 u# E5 ^
。如果没有人报道,那么这些事件就很容易被忽视。另一方面,即使我们确实目睹了事件 n! ^6 Q: m: y
本身或者看到了相关报道,我们也很难持续关注这些事件。看着他人受苦是令人痛苦的,
' z8 q g/ @- y- k- ?何况问题又如此复杂,我们根本不知道如何去帮助他人。所以我们会将脸转过去。 ( n" C8 K5 c3 A: P
& A" x( S$ O( Q4 ^5 G
If we can really see a problem, which is the first step, we come to the second 4 d" y9 A7 Z! L) v
step: cutting through the complexity to find a solution. 9 ^3 _! E3 s) o/ c7 J
% U$ W7 c3 D* v- T2 p1 h就算我们真正发现了问题所在,也不过是迈出了第一步,接着还有第二步:那就是从复杂 ! l# s+ D" q1 ?+ C/ w
的事件中找到解决办法。
4 Z( L& S/ T5 X/ d* y# ~
$ ?5 z$ V! ]) a) k; ~6 ~Finding solutions is essential if we want to make the most of our caring. If w
2 N5 f% P3 Z6 q `" X) `1 Se have clear and proven answers anytime an organization or individual asks "Ho ! y# d# W- Y* \( ?1 _: `! R
w can I help?," then we can get action – and we can make sure that none of th
* |* H) g0 P4 y+ be caring in the world is wasted. But complexity makes it hard to mark a path o " K5 W* C5 S* p4 ]
f action for everyone who cares — and that makes it hard for their caring to ! z" N) f% t" y3 U2 K
matter.
1 x1 x' }5 I- U6 r$ Y
; q% Z8 c7 \: n! K4 S如果我们要让关心落到实处,我们就必须找到解决办法。如果我们有一个清晰的和可靠的 . m) m( M3 t; N5 {
答案,那么当任何组织和个人发出疑问“如何我能提供帮助”的时候,我们就能采取行动
6 Z5 p, w i, e6 N6 ~! F1 f。我们就能够保证不浪费一丁点全世界人类对他人的关心。但是,世界的复杂性使得很难 ( ?, s' e; I) i
找到对全世界每一个有爱心的人都有效的行动方法,因此人类对他人的关心往往很难产生
$ V' Q6 f! i1 l# E0 P- C实际效果。
w- ]; y {, p0 ]2 b4 m" j/ k- t. j" k5 g3 }2 G: S9 E9 T3 a% H l3 n
Cutting through complexity to find a solution runs through four predictable st / ~7 G+ M/ \+ C0 _; e
ages: determine a goal, find the highest-leverage approach, discover the ideal 6 h6 ?2 L! _/ C1 ~+ W. o" U
technology for that approach, and in the meantime, make the smartest applicat
, Q( D9 s5 [. \ion of the technology that you already have — whether it's something sophisti
- O$ N' l e9 n: i9 y: N! Fcated, like a drug, or something simpler, like a bednet.
4 t8 F( V$ ~0 q3 X
$ J5 _, |( N b* s0 l$ @; }/ L& w从这个复杂的世界中找到解决办法,可以分为四个步骤:确定目标,找到最高效的方法, 3 f, k" s* \- q2 A6 r. {$ r% k
发现适用于这个方法的新技术,同时最聪明地利用现有的技术,不管它是复杂的药物,还
4 Y) J) h" F% v: }- ^. r是最简单的蚊帐。
s7 z; }5 w. [3 W( V+ E( n- r2 ^6 o+ r _) A; g
The AIDS epidemic offers an example. The broad goal, of course, is to end the % j* F; r+ j7 [( m# L. M* ~
disease. The highest-leverage approach is prevention. The ideal technology wou
. y5 d7 V5 W, K7 J( M+ p9 zld be a vaccine that gives lifetime immunity with a single dose. So government
+ N$ x6 r: n' ~, os, drug companies, and foundations fund vaccine research. But their work is li . H( c- A: Y! E& S- r
kely to take more than a decade, so in the meantime, we have to work with what 1 W8 K; z5 U- G7 M
we have in hand – and the best prevention approach we have now is getting pe
8 i+ _8 Z3 s- H( bople to avoid risky behavior.
0 k& |" Z* T7 [* H2 l+ f
: P) m m6 ?7 X4 D. H6 { S% J! @/ r$ O艾滋病就是一个例子。总的目标,毫无疑问是消灭这种疾病。最高效的方法是预防。最理 + C6 C5 {( G5 x5 ^; `
想的技术是发明一种疫苗,只要注射一次,就可以终生免疫。所以,政府、制药公司、基 0 ^8 @4 y1 A: D. }" n$ ~% z
金会应该资助疫苗研究。但是,这样研究工作很可能十年之内都无法完成。因此,与此同
, X2 h6 g8 g- [7 Z; e+ O/ Y, }9 t时,我们必须使用现有的技术,目前最有效的预防方法就是设法让人们避免那些危险的行 ! j9 b4 r l. f) L9 D/ N5 F. C- {
为。 ) y( V. H3 n# C1 p: O3 K+ `# H9 d: h8 D: g
& y! J$ _3 z* H) ~3 D5 f2 b3 yPursuing that goal starts the four-step cycle again. This is the pattern. The
+ d. t5 S) d) i+ o/ {crucial thing is to never stop thinking and working – and never do what we di
! a P' o$ c! L1 Fd with malaria and tuberculosis in the 20th century – which is to surrender t
; F9 P7 b/ s+ z, D' @5 u. d* G" C& yo complexity and quit. ' l e. Z$ O# e
& ~) q* N2 K6 D! w5 m: `
要实现这个新的目标,又可以采用新的四步循环。这是一种模式。关键的东西是永远不要 e2 I0 K* z& d' u3 B
停止思考和行动。我们千万不能再犯上个世纪在疟疾和肺结核上犯过的错误,那时我们因 M( T7 f, [/ A" Y* i
为它们太复杂,而放弃了采取行动。
. ]0 H8 o E6 c4 m6 K# b; b7 w( }% h8 C X% a, G; e3 y Z
The final step – after seeing the problem and finding an approach – is to me . w$ A! c# t1 M- w
asure the impact of your work and share your successes and failures so that ot 5 T$ D2 @9 d& K8 |
hers learn from your efforts.
9 m8 U6 e9 j5 r9 s5 a0 B7 p
b! ~6 G# ^$ y# P在发现问题和找到解决方法之后,就是最后一步——评估工作结果,将你的成功经验或者 f0 K7 t! E) a2 J' I
失败经验传播出去,这样其他人就可以从你的努力中有所收获。
4 Y# U' ]( D0 J4 h: u+ O
) z0 O S$ D i, aYou have to have the statistics, of course. You have to be able to show that a 4 _2 \1 x# Y& w, L d* ~
program is vaccinating millions more children. You have to be able to show a
2 X* ]7 ^# \, i5 l" g$ V+ adecline in the number of children dying from these diseases. This is essential
4 @9 M* K+ n3 P& s8 A6 w% enot just to improve the program, but also to help draw more investment from b . O4 S! U, ~* x2 b- Z( q" z: u
usiness and government. 2 d% }! y" m, c
3 {$ B: }! [6 n- n( K0 o7 c当然,你必须有一些统计数字。你必须让他人知道,你的项目为几百万儿童新接种了疫苗 ! U) h* r. a# n+ z1 h0 ~
。你也必须让他人知道,儿童死亡人数下降了多少。这些都是很关键的,不仅有利于改善
0 i& f2 @. M. u! o, [项目效果,也有利于从商界和政府得到更多的帮助。 6 @+ J& t8 [6 x! `* G3 L
! I _1 B# d* G0 _But if you want to inspire people to participate, you have to show more than n
9 C7 x8 O i numbers; you have to convey the human impact of the work – so people can feel 6 X! K2 z/ {. e+ i6 U6 I. y' r$ j! I0 R% }
what saving a life means to the families affected. ; q7 S# S, k' e0 \3 |7 @
! o d- x1 `% w" m5 b; v7 J
但是,这些还不够,如果你想激励其他人参加你的项目,你就必须拿出更多的统计数字; : g* h8 _2 D' m& D h$ l+ ?
你必须展示你的项目的人性因素,这样其他人就会感到拯救一个生命,对那些处在困境中 ( V3 S) ~9 |" }5 i/ @
的家庭到底意味着什么。
! S! O% w0 Z9 @' {% s8 v
7 A, t. a1 a1 N$ Y( H) y0 {2 ?I remember going to Davos some years back and sitting on a global health panel
; z( n9 c- d9 \5 X3 b9 e) B% Cthat was discussing ways to save millions of lives. Millions! Think of the th
8 b6 E% g# z0 urill of saving just one person's life – then multiply that by millions. … Ye
( Z7 O" D- s3 l" l) v0 ^t this was the most boring panel I've ever been on – ever. So boring even I c 9 b# n2 ] F2 o
ouldn't bear it. - a [5 V! @7 }# U# H2 W- q
' a M; k! |+ e) P; e1 g- N2 J
几年前,我去瑞士达沃斯旁听一个全球健康问题论坛,会议的内容有关于如何拯救几百万
7 w) O" Z) j7 w9 [ v4 t, b条生命。天哪,是几百万!想一想吧,拯救一个人的生命已经让人何等激动,现在你要把 " c7 p3 s( c7 r* r& |0 F2 Z2 E4 \
这种激动再乘上几百万倍……但是,不幸的是,这是我参加过的最最乏味的论坛,乏味到
9 [' N# r# M4 h- B& P- y我无法强迫自己听下去。
3 w9 U: i# K2 f, ]/ C
* Y# M0 G$ L! I5 P4 K( H! t5 [What made that experience especially striking was that I had just come from an 1 v4 ^; f' O# d' J" Z2 t% T2 d
event where we were introducing version 13 of some piece of software, and we 5 w' o; Z. F5 Z) \. M0 s6 |
had people jumping and shouting with excitement. I love getting people excited
% S$ n" M5 H4 Y0 S/ N; T: p* yabout software – but why can't we generate even more excitement for saving l " S/ |! p2 s3 T( x s, {7 H
ives?
7 B( I- m" g1 Q7 g" u b4 Y4 U% h; x$ F1 x* z7 P0 [
那次经历之所以让我难忘,是因为之前我们刚刚发布了一个软件的第13个版本,我们让观 * N) h0 x1 @- o% D
众激动得跳了起来,喊出了声。我喜欢人们因为软件而感到激动,那么我们为什么不能够 4 R' V$ y# |0 ?9 S2 l6 ]
让人们因为能够拯救生命而感到更加激动呢? |# R( ~; D3 S4 u8 j
5 F% u: T: a5 Y, K! k: v5 OYou can't get people excited unless you can help them see and feel the impact.
+ l" [7 U8 D0 I2 Q% Z) iAnd how you do that – is a complex question.
$ F6 U# W" D, K3 R4 K+ y' K: ]4 q
& o+ ~4 Z& h9 a3 ] T除非你能够让人们看到或者感受到行动的影响力,否则你无法让人们激动。如何做到这一
: K0 Y& S& G- J( x& _点,并不是一件简单的事。
6 \2 E& \9 i+ [& \. g2 a- u7 D. b% n
7 E2 X/ F! _ z! [8 b& }/ w5 fStill, I'm optimistic. Yes, inequity has been with us forever, but the new too
) }8 ?! t" U- ]3 s. ? Y2 }# P: Jls we have to cut through complexity have not been with us forever. They are n
; |/ r& {1 ?$ X' }( Rew – they can help us make the most of our caring – and that's why the futur " m; C6 ?% X9 p+ X7 j) L
e can be different from the past.
2 `: Z- q- X0 e! K9 ]0 Z! Q$ n6 i4 _; j. b9 _& g6 p% B, A4 w1 y4 C* _
同前面一样,在这个问题上,我依然是乐观的。不错,人类的不平等有史以来一直存在, 2 O1 J. o. G( r
但是那些能够化繁为简的新工具,却是最近才出现的。这些新工具可以帮助我们,将人类 , G' y7 S0 e0 k3 `( x# n
的同情心发挥最大的作用,这就是为什么将来同过去是不一样的。 * c7 i9 [ x' t+ j: M
) u9 r: W4 m( ^9 S+ V$ [& c4 q1 L$ uThe defining and ongoing innovations of this age – biotechnology, the compute / E3 c2 o7 E! F' ~3 q" J, x
r, the Internet – give us a chance we've never had before to end extreme pove
1 k6 B3 M' D8 _$ `& Prty and end death from preventable disease.
& ?2 h2 |0 Z& M3 f6 l9 G* `: l+ B$ T9 t- J
这个时代无时无刻不在涌现出新的革新——生物技术,计算机,互联网——它们给了我们 ' d$ s2 a# ]% z
一个从未有过的机会,去终结那些极端的贫穷和非恶性疾病的死亡。 q) i/ F$ q' Y; r: G6 P, z
- J4 Y7 i! R7 E
Sixty years ago, George Marshall came to this commencement and announced a pla
3 R+ I ]" N& E8 j, D. f4 en to assist the nations of post-war Europe. He said: "I think one difficulty i + _. P) ~. {4 [5 k3 b- n
s that the problem is one of such enormous complexity that the very mass of fa ( S4 O# P, x; F; a
cts presented to the public by press and radio make it exceedingly difficult f % u" |( {9 ~ T+ U+ Q* o+ |
or the man in the street to reach a clear appraisement of the situation. It is
3 L+ I! J8 U/ u+ Qvirtually impossible at this distance to grasp at all the real significance o
* [/ k) W" q: Z' Of the situation." & O: X. c+ [6 L( q3 u
0 D& L9 @& a! F5 `六十年前,乔治·马歇尔也是在这个地方的毕业典礼上,宣布了一个计划,帮助那些欧洲 & K9 a+ ^) {4 b, F3 B, l" Q
国家的战后建设。他说:“我认为,困难的一点是这个问题太复杂,报纸和电台向公众源
1 p+ B; r- }5 G; g8 t0 g# y, W源不断地提供各种事实,使得大街上的普通人极端难于清晰地判断形势。事实上,经过层
! i' R: n# k& {- |层传播,想要真正地把握形势,是根本不可能的。”
5 e; _+ g( S W1 z1 c6 O8 m N; z( y) n, W) a
Thirty years after Marshall made his address, as my class graduated without me 4 V7 H4 ^( S- X/ L) d o
, technology was emerging that would make the world smaller, more open, more v
' h' W2 ^5 h J" r3 }% `9 L2 o Wisible, less distant.
+ K6 D: ?% {# p7 R( c7 c
& E* a3 m8 t. h# F$ p, ?马歇尔发表这个演讲之后的三十年,我那一届学生毕业,当然我不在其中。那时,新技术 3 R/ s) C% h8 k. B$ \
刚刚开始萌芽,它们将使得这个世界变得更小、更开放、更容易看到、距离更近。
. O( F6 r$ d4 s4 t( _6 l6 j4 Y! m
The emergence of low-cost personal computers gave rise to a powerful network t % R5 _ I. K- w( C# d2 [. k3 G
hat has transformed opportunities for learning and communicating. 4 s. e3 V; e" X7 J2 J
9 q6 x- y: ^& M1 B ^, S5 `低成本的个人电脑的出现,使得一个强大的互联网有机会诞生,它为学习和交流提供了巨
4 i: V$ }- Z! l" e( y大的机会。 P0 @# Y- W. M2 F4 ~
) L% N2 c) Z4 TThe magical thing about this network is not just that it collapses distance an 7 ]* V [8 ~+ f" H- X3 H; p
d makes everyone your neighbor. It also dramatically increases the number of b
1 t) T+ E7 Q2 m- s0 w; c1 _rilliant minds we can have working together on the same problem – and that sc * f0 G. s# b9 L3 g( B8 z# }+ R! u
ales up the rate of innovation to a staggering degree. 6 ]* D4 V, `$ P5 c
2 }# K* \& ~7 H& g% m, i! J( }2 ?+ q网络的神奇之处,不仅仅是它缩短了物理距离,使得天涯若比邻。它还极大地增加了怀有
0 S7 F) y: l! `& ~7 n- C/ e共同想法的人们聚集在一起的机会,我们可以为了解决同一个问题,一起共同工作。这就 * Z7 u& q5 l& F2 |' [: |& ^6 ]1 ~
大大加快了革新的进程,发展速度简直快得让人震惊。 7 T. o3 P0 N2 B0 y+ c
1 X3 O0 G( b* [3 t8 K3 N' f1 D
At the same time, for every person in the world who has access to this technol 7 v4 n- H6 z0 t6 Q" c
ogy, five people don't. That means many creative minds are left out of this di
+ Q0 f+ J, w0 }0 R, X8 b6 D! tscussion -- smart people with practical intelligence and relevant experience w : U! K7 S. j; @
ho don't have the technology to hone their talents or contribute their ideas t $ A6 Q5 b9 V: R: a. a$ k# e: [
o the world.
% t0 c8 }" I7 f0 p8 `* b
# @; j. f+ U3 J# }; m/ }8 o' N" c. W; n与此同时,世界上有条件上网的人,只是全部人口的六分之一。这意味着,还有许多具有
5 m6 n& H2 F6 z创造性的人们,没有加入到我们的讨论中来。那些有着实际的操作经验和相关经历的聪明
. w5 B+ n7 y0 F& l$ O! W* j, W人,却没有技术来帮助他们,将他们的天赋或者想法与全世界分享。
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, ~' A& @ K, J5 F* iWe need as many people as possible to have access to this technology, because 9 U- B: e; s2 x: R3 E
these advances are triggering a revolution in what human beings can do for one ! |6 i: D7 g+ f7 u* |4 @
another. They are making it possible not just for national governments, but f ( P1 K$ S b5 C; w+ _$ b( z2 u
or universities, corporations, smaller organizations, and even individuals to : G# F* I: E3 X5 Y
see problems, see approaches, and measure the impact of their efforts to addre
, f5 e! `7 G: y) C J4 Sss the hunger, poverty, and desperation George Marshall spoke of 60 years ago. ' {8 y$ x1 z+ E$ ~5 F4 S+ {* G
; M$ M6 [8 W" s$ Z& o9 u: X( _5 ~, [, y# x9 C! a/ Y
我们需要尽可能地让更多的人有机会使用新技术,因为这些新技术正在引发一场革命,人
, K' c- w7 M0 b2 N3 t2 N4 X2 N类将因此可以互相帮助。新技术正在创造一种可能,不仅是政府,还包括大学、公司、小 . y$ D9 p0 i% P0 x1 r
机构、甚至个人,能够发现问题所在、能够找到解决办法、能够评估他们努力的效果,去
5 s6 \2 p4 k9 j" M* b改变那些马歇尔六十年前就说到过的问题——饥饿、贫穷和绝望。
5 u% Z; Y) f2 ~9 g$ o9 S2 j& k7 D( L2 a$ J. ^4 S
Members of the Harvard Family: Here in the Yard is one of the great collection 1 X! f6 t& Y" R, O# F
s of intellectual talent in the world. # j+ G) n+ H: _( d
$ q& r' r- l: I! Z* @% Y3 i5 Q4 a6 ^: {哈佛是一个大家庭。这个院子里在场的人们,是全世界最有智力的人类群体之一。
" X8 j/ J( `7 e6 I, ?; K" t/ [
' A+ `+ T$ x. xWhat for?
: q" L* J# T" M M+ B; I) P% `9 Q0 d
我们可以做些什么? , q$ s" \0 ^( E( E% ^1 b
9 H0 C2 W( O: m1 S# J3 GThere is no question that the faculty, the alumni, the students, and the benef - t! D$ s2 g3 c/ ?
actors of Harvard have used their power to improve the lives of people here an 0 X" Z! I& h }4 D- N8 w) @4 ?/ y" [: G
d around the world. But can we do more? Can Harvard dedicate its intellect to 7 ~' ^6 s4 z- V" z |* \2 d5 ~+ @' t
improving the lives of people who will never even hear its name?
9 e# X1 l" V$ \4 t3 Z+ u/ w, x' o- H2 p# N1 F
毫无疑问,哈佛的老师、校友、学生和资助者,已经用他们的能力改善了全世界各地人们 $ ^; C) U1 V4 q" z! S
的生活。但是,我们还能够再做什么呢?有没有可能,哈佛的人们可以将他们的智慧,用
' J4 z# b r" A+ J来帮助那些甚至从来没有听到过“哈佛”这个名字的人?
8 Y# T, W) D2 [4 t
, h# K) J" b/ x6 a3 ALet me make a request of the deans and the professors – the intellectual lead
& y/ E4 B3 y j& Z/ _" ]4 B& M; }ers here at Harvard: As you hire new faculty, award tenure, review curriculum,
8 r4 w! @2 j( v7 m$ L M' Rand determine degree requirements, please ask yourselves: m6 @7 V' V' V3 m; Y, o
- H3 S8 o( B* @$ s9 D请允许我向各位院长和教授,提出一个请求——你们是哈佛的智力领袖,当你们雇用新的
3 Z3 Z8 ~5 H+ B7 V$ i5 _老师、授予终身教职、评估课程、决定学位颁发标准的时候,请问你们自己如下的问题:
; D0 O/ R: m2 [% M
/ ?+ Q" e' Z" ^9 L9 N. W" g+ Z8 V
( q' l7 ~7 F3 Y& p9 @6 {' vShould our best minds be dedicated to solving our biggest problems? + p9 l& v& P) E( T" L! t3 {8 e
1 v# \# G. w/ S0 G& L我们最优秀的人才是否在致力于解决我们最大的问题? 7 G. ?% x* L, m; n/ d7 j7 x# T) F
+ a2 W3 f8 e, gShould Harvard encourage its faculty to take on the world's worst inequities?
0 l/ Q- Y$ z. q# l8 X6 u. fShould Harvard students learn about the depth of global poverty … the prevale ' R r, f2 E1 a& @
nce of world hunger … the scarcity of clean water …the girls kept out of sch $ B( v7 h) C! R+ e+ ?
ool … the children who die from diseases we can cure? 7 \/ }1 v8 z" i1 }$ e
5 ^8 p% ^2 C6 L# M$ O% m+ C哈佛是否鼓励她的老师去研究解决世界上最严重的不平等?哈佛的学生是否从全球那些极
; @7 o" Q. t, |/ E b+ X0 W! v端的贫穷中学到了什么……世界性的饥荒……清洁的水资源的缺乏……无法上学的女童…
9 r# ^9 m6 P% M, w9 |0 b8 |…死于非恶性疾病的儿童……哈佛的学生有没有从中学到东西? % i- x& b1 h7 \. U$ j0 ]3 }
" O. R r1 {( G5 uShould the world's most privileged people learn about the lives of the world's
% v7 ^0 @* m/ W# k4 yleast privileged? ) s0 `& e. U7 g L) Q" ?% k
3 x& P1 Z( d1 B g' w7 k那些世界上过着最优越生活的人们,有没有从那些最困难的人们身上学到东西? ; T& {# o& A6 i: |- l6 A9 W
1 a: K1 ` ^, J8 s! ]( k2 q9 tThese are not rhetorical questions – you will answer with your policies. 7 W, P9 d1 ], i7 z
Y2 d. o# |9 y9 t这些问题并非语言上的修辞。你必须用自己的行动来回答它们。 9 H! u8 a$ |, A0 e
. r. @3 d7 ?- _- c9 x7 `My mother, who was filled with pride the day I was admitted here – never stop 0 C+ O8 z3 {' ^* w# A
ped pressing me to do more for others. A few days before my wedding, she hoste . M7 c6 s0 m6 ^
d a bridal event, at which she read aloud a letter about marriage that she had
\0 |( I6 ]3 Qwritten to Melinda. My mother was very ill with cancer at the time, but she s 9 E% A& q2 L( t
aw one more opportunity to deliver her message, and at the close of the letter % [0 U& R7 p* `; m
she said: "From those to whom much is given, much is expected." 3 _" V, l9 x9 k/ |
+ E h1 g' K6 I* Z, d! P- F我的母亲在我被哈佛大学录取的那一天,曾经感到非常骄傲。她从没有停止督促我,去为
" J$ @2 Q% C. @2 h4 I他人做更多的事情。在我结婚的前几天,她主持了一个新娘进我家的仪式。在这个仪式上
& U4 }. y; T0 Q& U1 L,她高声朗读了一封关于婚姻的信,这是她写给Melinda的。那时,我的母亲已经因为癌症
4 _. w& D0 ]2 }* D2 _3 B病入膏肓,但是她还是认为这是又一个传播她的信念的机会。在那封信的结尾,她写道: + C9 L; X3 r9 s$ v0 M% z+ s' E# a
“对于那些接受了许多帮助的人们,他们还在期待更多的帮助。你的能力越大,人们对你
' D& L$ e! k5 s5 F3 o" [) \的期望也就越大。” ( c( x7 @* r( u) ?( w
, A" N$ P' b+ N8 S% V
When you consider what those of us here in this Yard have been given – in tal
1 U l7 K) ~2 t" ?ent, privilege, and opportunity – there is almost no limit to what the world
- n: P" b4 ]/ J9 R& R% ohas a right to expect from us.
; U w5 U6 \2 C1 J9 i2 H
; s' L- ^- Y; ]/ N, }2 z想一想吧,我们在这个院子里的这些人,被给予过什么——天赋、特权、机遇——那么可 , s. N# x$ @/ I/ u1 I4 }
以这样说,全世界的人们几乎有无限的权力,期待我们做出贡献。 ! y6 B1 R; \+ I$ M$ }
' m* a8 E, A; h5 h. @0 r' F" KIn line with the promise of this age, I want to exhort each of the graduates h
8 n1 |( z1 ?* Y& \" X) Gere to take on an issue – a complex problem, a deep inequity, and become a sp
' F9 ^) ]9 Q" x; K# W1 E0 x$ kecialist on it. If you make it the focus of your career, that would be phenome 2 A4 ~. {+ Q. K3 h* i
nal. But you don't have to do that to make an impact. For a few hours every we / S# d- ?$ R0 A j
ek, you can use the growing power of the Internet to get informed, find others
) m r! p* a$ v3 S7 v Cwith the same interests, see the barriers, and find ways to cut through them. " @: Q6 b' v3 I* Q' s
4 m% c6 T8 V4 f {% Z" A0 w; y% G' E. a3 M4 |* F+ k% o
同这个时代的期望一样,我也要向今天各位毕业的同学提出一个忠告:你们要选择一个问 & s- J6 {4 K1 R( t2 S
题,一个复杂的问题,一个有关于人类深刻的不平等的问题,然后你们要变成这个问题的
! D2 e! k7 d* c0 ^# k$ |2 |专家。如果你们能够使得这个问题成为你们职业的核心,那么你们就会非常杰出。但是, ; n; |6 H/ ~$ M) u* ]& N4 J/ k1 H
你们不必一定要去做那些大事。每个星期只用几个小时,你就可以通过互联网得到信息, 7 H/ b1 e. _( L% H* L$ S9 Z
找到志同道合的朋友,发现困难所在,找到解决它们的途径。
/ u& E( d5 w- a( H/ X% j7 @; g. O1 `8 N3 O; i: x/ m: _
Don't let complexity stop you. Be activists. Take on the big inequities. It wi " M4 y0 r) U9 |3 Q9 X( _+ w
ll be one of the great experiences of your lives.
! Y6 V* \) B. r1 O. H
7 Y: T& Y! y' d1 c: W- F, }不要让这个世界的复杂性阻碍你前进。要成为一个行动主义者。将解决人类的不平等视为
' a. L# t. V( J2 g7 h8 R己任。它将成为你生命中最重要的经历之一。 " @1 G5 n6 `9 f% ^( Y4 P; L
: T/ X7 g- z( @/ \* Q7 i4 X
You graduates are coming of age in an amazing time. As you leave Harvard, you
8 g0 Q, Y: r3 E3 j5 R) |$ Z( Chave technology that members of my class never had. You have awareness of glob $ F @& o6 _7 k9 A) y0 z
al inequity, which we did not have. And with that awareness, you likely also h / L- c# u/ \" g" S6 R R
ave an informed conscience that will torment you if you abandon these people w 1 k2 a) K; y# F% [
hose lives you could change with very little effort. You have more than we had 5 G# y8 M! g1 p e
; you must start sooner, and carry on longer.
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( r6 K# L. X- A, W在座的各位毕业的同学,你们所处的时代是一个神奇的时代。当你们离开哈佛的时候,你
' x! }* b8 ?: I' U$ k们拥有的技术,是我们那一届学生所没有的。你们已经了解到了世界上的不平等,我们那 ! y. Y) I, ~/ q5 |( ^' f. b
时还不知道这些。有了这样的了解之后,要是你再弃那些你可以帮助的人们于不顾,就将 $ ?8 y! M1 y z4 \4 f" T
受到良心的谴责,只需一点小小的努力,你就可以改变那些人们的生活。你们比我们拥有 * F7 R. K% _6 n5 Q4 ^- m7 S
更大的能力;你们必须尽早开始,尽可能长时期坚持下去。
9 J, r* m0 H3 i# S5 d
' M5 T8 t$ K/ `4 }) aKnowing what you know, how could you not?
7 \8 H/ J+ b7 p* M- {) S$ u: R- N3 H" j0 d; D1 h
知道了你们所知道的一切,你们怎么可能不采取行动呢?
* Y! }2 ?9 L$ |7 D2 T3 C# n: W8 h& v) T2 [6 O# m( x: ~
And I hope you will come back here to Harvard 30 years from now and reflect on 4 ^0 L; ^; A$ Q. d
what you have done with your talent and your energy. I hope you will judge yo
: \7 S5 G5 t3 E; |. Gurselves not on your professional accomplishments alone, but also on how well
( |! B2 o: e# F" Ryou have addressed the world's deepest inequities … on how well you treated p
$ y& [/ X+ E+ u. G9 R7 weople a world away who have nothing in common with you but their humanity. 3 K$ n" Q2 H- Y1 O% K- i
& O2 j' F, V) j2 K- _9 t我希望,30年后你们还会再回到哈佛,想起你们用自己的天赋和能力所做出的一切。我希 # t1 F) t$ r# S9 g+ U
望,在那个时候,你们用来评价自己的标准,不仅仅是你们的专业成就,而包括你们为改 # l1 C" U+ ^$ L. N
变这个世界深刻的不平等所做出的努力,以及你们如何善待那些远隔千山万水、与你们毫 3 \. W5 P' b. l1 D. w9 B
不涉及的人们,你们与他们唯一的共同点就是同为人类。 |
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