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2008-11-02 01:02:11 来自: lightpie(上次登录还是1.5年前.....)
- A* W5 C( c) J! \4 b比尔·盖茨在哈佛大学毕业典礼上的演讲
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' S- g) G: P$ i+ }7 q, T2007年6月7日 ; E6 Q" H9 { d# k2 R3 Q0 }
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阮一峰 译
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) F5 y" q, y* R3 dPresident Bok, former President Rudenstine, incoming President Faust, members
. c) R: N; E8 h* |1 w4 m, ^of the Harvard Corporation and the Board of Overseers, members of the faculty, . |+ [2 X* T, L# `! h
parents, and especially, the graduates: 7 v3 n* k- l4 ^1 i
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尊敬的Bok校长,Rudenstine前校长,即将上任的Faust校长,哈佛集团的各位成员,监管 7 j3 b0 Q. P9 g& ?4 d
理事会的各位理事,各位老师,各位家长,各位同学:
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I've been waiting more than 30 years to say this: "Dad, I always told you I'd ; S/ d# V) v6 g3 v
come back and get my degree." 0 b% t6 R/ e( u4 C
/ |8 w7 A# P4 C1 r* r; h有一句话我等了三十年,现在终于可以说了:“老爸,我总是跟你说,我会回来拿到我的
% s# K0 n: P; ]2 \* o) Q学位的!” . D* S, ?) [& \7 ~- f
+ X6 ], Q6 m& d( J8 |6 CI want to thank Harvard for this timely honor. I'll be changing my job next ye ) [% z) o& Z% z6 l! W* N
ar … and it will be nice to finally have a college degree on my resume. 1 M! @- j: C2 p. _
P" X0 g3 v6 \: U我要感谢哈佛大学在这个时候给我这个荣誉。明年,我就要换工作了(注:指从微软公司 ; D6 h4 T# c& |* \- E% n$ V
退休)……我终于可以在简历上写我有一个本科学位,这真是不错啊。 + m3 i* x z! B
+ B' S- P, n1 _) ?( D% z& sI applaud the graduates today for taking a much more direct route to your degr
: q; B, O# i# ^7 b4 a3 @: aees. For my part, I'm just happy that the Crimson has called me "Harvard's mos
( T3 a! e- |0 B+ i2 z1 @; Rt successful dropout." I guess that makes me valedictorian of my own special c 1 m- ~: \7 J0 a
lass … I did the best of everyone who failed.
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5 J& H/ I/ R0 }: {1 s我为今天在座的各位同学感到高兴,你们拿到学位可比我简单多了。哈佛的校报称我是“
& N7 ^ V6 L2 |哈佛大学历史上最成功的辍学生”。我想这大概使我有资格代表我这一类学生发言……在 % [; J1 A6 w' d# t- x/ j, [5 k
所有的失败者里,我做得最好。
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But I also want to be recognized as the guy who got Steve Ballmer to drop out
9 `9 }1 |( [/ X' Kof business school. I'm a bad influence. That's why I was invited to speak at
; R/ |' x3 N7 w7 [your graduation. If I had spoken at your orientation, fewer of you might be he
* u1 \4 c n0 E$ b L% w @re today.
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2 K) r4 u( Y+ Y, `但是,我还要提醒大家,我使得Steve Ballmer(注:微软总经理)也从哈佛商学院退学了 9 i& u6 D: b- U* C @8 l1 z
。因此,我是个有着恶劣影响力的人。这就是为什么我被邀请来在你们的毕业典礼上演讲 + w3 |; l/ H! O
。如果我在你们入学欢迎仪式上演讲,那么能够坚持到今天在这里毕业的人也许会少得多 5 l+ n( Q. N. G" G
吧。
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2 }# i4 r$ P, ]9 U0 t( `2 c) CHarvard was just a phenomenal experience for me. Academic life was fascinating # I9 V6 Y0 @2 n( M3 Q/ P& q) v: S p
. I used to sit in on lots of classes I hadn't even signed up for. And dorm li 6 V1 E7 z. n7 v1 y: A
fe was terrific. I lived up at Radcliffe, in Currier House. There were always 8 Z( X* m: p& {; l
lots of people in my dorm room late at night discussing things, because everyo
7 y6 ?% g+ L, d! x/ Xne knew I didn't worry about getting up in the morning. That's how I came to b
* m4 y3 P- Z3 g+ ^e the leader of the anti-social group. We clung to each other as a way of vali
2 u# A' U/ ]% v5 {2 z: e0 B9 ddating our rejection of all those social people. # C) j& ~/ q; h! I- j# q, l% ?
- e& I8 ?$ ~3 s8 y- o9 d, ~对我来说,哈佛的求学经历是一段非凡的经历。校园生活很有趣,我常去旁听我没选修的 1 F% i1 x# g' o4 R3 Y
课。哈佛的课外生活也很棒,我在Radcliffe过着逍遥自在的日子。每天我的寝室里总有很
6 h+ \% U Q6 }多人一直待到半夜,讨论着各种事情。因为每个人都知道我从不考虑第二天早起。这使得 & p& h k9 K4 ~& D2 J8 v
我变成了校园里那些不安分学生的头头,我们互相粘在一起,做出一种拒绝所有正常学生 ! [! p7 ~1 t5 e* I
的姿态。
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Radcliffe was a great place to live. There were more women up there, and most
& Y! r$ ^3 h. L- w* a- }4 e3 X; a0 gof the guys were science-math types. That combination offered me the best odds
) G5 s9 Q, v: A' R/ L f: F, if you know what I mean. This is where I learned the sad lesson that improvi
+ V, M8 w: R9 u2 j* M! h$ n" e3 u d, ang your odds doesn't guarantee success. 5 A l' _2 A7 m; r
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Radcliffe是个过日子的好地方。那里的女生比男生多,而且大多数男生都是理工科的。这 / F, m9 H5 Y% W S7 F- M, v9 Y
种状况为我创造了最好的机会,如果你们明白我的意思。可惜的是,我正是在这里学到了 * _5 M8 S+ ^- c+ `% N
人生中悲伤的一课:机会大,并不等于你就会成功。
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One of my biggest memories of Harvard came in January 1975, when I made a call
' Y' c3 Y b- j0 d* s& bfrom Currier House to a company in Albuquerque that had begun making the worl
$ Z! }/ H& Z% Y+ O/ O6 q; Rd's first personal computers. I offered to sell them software.
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8 Y+ x" G: B7 q: c: X/ D* B我在哈佛最难忘的回忆之一,发生在1975年1月。那时,我从宿舍楼里给位于Albuquerque
9 N* P% t+ I9 K7 L; w9 d的一家公司打了一个电话,那家公司已经在着手制造世界上第一台个人电脑。我提出想向
; p2 y' C5 p* E7 j5 W9 W他们出售软件。
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0 q9 ]) L' o/ J( r' r) z; s; dI worried that they would realize I was just a student in a dorm and hang up o
$ C' i2 e* S" z n& y+ sn me. Instead they said: "We're not quite ready, come see us in a month," whic " j3 Y* C( W) v, J0 a. a
h was a good thing, because we hadn't written the software yet. From that mome
- T& u( X) {0 D% S6 [) @5 ynt, I worked day and night on this little extra credit project that marked the
' D& _( t$ u0 E) Mend of my college education and the beginning of a remarkable journey with Mi
; B9 _& _: P7 ecrosoft. 2 a7 Q ]1 l7 {" K
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我很担心,他们会发觉我是一个住在宿舍的学生,从而挂断电话。但是他们却说:“我们
! M9 d2 ]0 S) P: N7 x D还没准备好,一个月后你再来找我们吧。”这是个好消息,因为那时软件还根本没有写出
" C8 o7 c4 O4 v3 ^' v6 |来呢。就是从那个时候起,我日以继夜地在这个小小的课外项目上工作,这导致了我学生
/ f; _0 _% Q3 n3 o$ _3 {- r* p生活的结束,以及通往微软公司的不平凡的旅程的开始。 9 r6 j4 H* p; Z0 R& d5 e" ]& r) E5 e
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What I remember above all about Harvard was being in the midst of so much ener
- b) M6 @- d- P s6 s) @gy and intelligence. It could be exhilarating, intimidating, sometimes even di
1 y# K% M" N; f: O2 Wscouraging, but always challenging. It was an amazing privilege – and though
2 ^! |4 ]# X- q5 WI left early, I was transformed by my years at Harvard, the friendships I made " i! y6 Z. e3 E9 C% ?7 n% Z
, and the ideas I worked on. % e( v2 m/ T% o( q
; ~: t7 X( {9 |9 x6 P不管怎样,我对哈佛的回忆主要都与充沛的精力和智力活动有关。哈佛的生活令人愉快, % g0 U; @, k" O {* ]
也令人感到有压力,有时甚至会感到泄气,但永远充满了挑战性。生活在哈佛是一种吸引
$ o: N( T! W4 l5 A n3 [, t( q人的特殊待遇……虽然我离开得比较早,但是我在这里的经历、在这里结识的朋友、在这
9 D0 C( N* Y% F: j% d6 a里发展起来的一些想法,永远地改变了我。 ) w. k+ r( [' F! ^: t5 k8 {: x
' w! R6 U" |: A4 J6 y$ i$ zBut taking a serious look back … I do have one big regret. 1 l; h* J" ]) [0 Q4 J; B- f
/ }/ M6 h% ?" m3 Y& b5 P. y但是,如果现在严肃地回忆起来,我确实有一个真正的遗憾。 7 X& E4 F$ Z: I$ ?. P L" l
; W7 F; X, s, [& L0 c$ vI left Harvard with no real awareness of the awful inequities in the world –
7 I, o6 D! G& u6 K7 sthe appalling disparities of health, and wealth, and opportunity that condemn 0 T9 X5 h3 A" ^: z% H
millions of people to lives of despair.
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. L. ]) W' |. K: G我离开哈佛的时候,根本没有意识到这个世界是多么的不平等。人类在健康、财富和机遇
8 X- q8 Z% G' h+ i: ~+ L& _上的不平等大得可怕,它们使得无数的人们被迫生活在绝望之中。 ) G* t* \2 R8 }
: n$ u3 b8 G, V. ?; r: tI learned a lot here at Harvard about new ideas in economics and politics. I g
1 l- {% ?0 F3 o2 N$ m4 W) not great exposure to the advances being made in the sciences.
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4 Q1 g( n6 @3 _) @( L我在哈佛学到了很多经济学和政治学的新思想。我也了解了很多科学上的新进展。 ) l, ^: J, Y) |% X5 Y, p: m# K, |) i
+ R. h6 ^% ^/ m5 E% V: NBut humanity's greatest advances are not in its discoveries – but in how thos ; ]3 D! Q! n- y V( E/ N3 X" A. T
e discoveries are applied to reduce inequity. Whether through democracy, stron 7 b6 {. x5 u* K$ C, ]$ A
g public education, quality health care, or broad economic opportunity – redu
5 q+ t9 ~5 N1 f+ ]9 @1 jcing inequity is the highest human achievement. % N7 W# }/ W6 ^2 p8 }7 e: Q
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但是,人类最大的进步并不来自于这些发现,而是来自于那些有助于减少人类不平等的发
9 d6 A3 V/ x. t' G: n/ s3 C现。不管通过何种手段——民主制度、健全的公共教育体系、高质量的医疗保健、还是广
6 l( y( x1 i+ ?泛的经济机会——减少不平等始终是人类最大的成就。 & d' i) y4 F2 q5 [, ^, L
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I left campus knowing little about the millions of young people cheated out of 3 }7 @; B& c# `* X n9 _/ |
educational opportunities here in this country. And I knew nothing about the
) h2 C" c9 e6 G$ Bmillions of people living in unspeakable poverty and disease in developing cou ; F$ h- {- D3 Z- [/ a6 X
ntries.
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我离开校园的时候,根本不知道在这个国家里,有几百万的年轻人无法获得接受教育的机
9 H9 H* s9 N* i0 u( n会。我也不知道,发展中国家里有无数的人们生活在无法形容的贫穷和疾病之中。 ( J* h- D& L3 t5 T( n
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It took me decades to find out.
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5 a- z0 B' ^/ o2 L2 e. s我花了几十年才明白了这些事情。
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! k' Y6 e% Z1 Z4 oYou graduates came to Harvard at a different time. You know more about the wor
8 p& o! Z% |* p6 y% p! sld's inequities than the classes that came before. In your years here, I hope
" E7 \1 o) V7 a8 xyou've had a chance to think about how – in this age of accelerating technolo 3 [( W' L3 z( D, I9 K7 J
gy – we can finally take on these inequities, and we can solve them. : G) s* Y" b! Y( `
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在座的各位同学,你们是在与我不同的时代来到哈佛的。你们比以前的学生,更多地了解
# ^- _9 p8 j4 r C+ n4 ~世界是怎样的不平等。在你们的哈佛求学过程中,我希望你们已经思考过一个问题,那就 " Z' E0 D6 k: m( }! ^
是在这个新技术加速发展的时代,我们怎样最终应对这种不平等,以及我们怎样来解决这
6 {, Q5 T( j, u, l个问题。
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! _+ [" o! }$ GImagine, just for the sake of discussion, that you had a few hours a week and 1 O* ?; K' X A# W: H# e
a few dollars a month to donate to a cause – and you wanted to spend that tim
, B9 R z! f2 ] i8 r7 r1 b3 L; Le and money where it would have the greatest impact in saving and improving li 3 O( I7 L( ^# _# h8 g
ves. Where would you spend it?
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S3 f6 u" p( h$ \为了讨论的方便,请想象一下,假如你每个星期可以捐献一些时间、每个月可以捐献一些
( I# z1 n y$ S钱——你希望这些时间和金钱,可以用到对拯救生命和改善人类生活有最大作用的地方。
% A4 C6 X1 V+ I6 q你会选择什么地方? ; O; J( l# v; N# X% H/ j- @6 d; U$ i
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For Melinda and for me, the challenge is the same: how can we do the most good 0 ?% |$ m( i8 ?
for the greatest number with the resources we have.
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对Melinda(注:盖茨的妻子)和我来说,这也是我们面临的问题:我们如何能将我们拥有 2 P- W% ~$ H9 A+ s) r* l' L- o1 b
的资源发挥出最大的作用。 5 E3 G& l6 C9 K# N7 G1 D' w
3 k! C( R' U2 F% o; Q& Z6 ~During our discussions on this question, Melinda and I read an article about t
X; F8 X: r% Che millions of children who were dying every year in poor countries from disea
% |: D7 A& F& n+ zses that we had long ago made harmless in this country. Measles, malaria, pneu
1 p1 z$ o- K; d$ [monia, hepatitis B, yellow fever. One disease I had never even heard of, rotav
1 x# V) ~ k8 p" Y m5 N3 D3 z& eirus, was killing half a million kids each year – none of them in the United
* z* L; V& x G/ @& L; d4 h0 aStates. " l) t/ P3 ]* [( N3 k% I' p1 Y9 x- g6 ^
& k% {3 f: w. x在讨论过程中,Melinda和我读到了一篇文章,里面说在那些贫穷的国家,每年有数百万的
5 z; y! q; d. u* y儿童死于那些在美国早已不成问题的疾病。麻疹、疟疾、肺炎、乙型肝炎、黄热病、还有 ; D' c* s1 Q/ h' i( K+ @
一种以前我从未听说过的轮状病毒,这些疾病每年导致50万儿童死亡,但是在美国一例死
7 B% h, q/ e; N亡病例也没有。
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We were shocked. We had just assumed that if millions of children were dying a
$ ^) G5 t* h* {" t& N, Rnd they could be saved, the world would make it a priority to discover and del : ?- C$ w+ s; u2 q) R8 \6 U# H. [
iver the medicines to save them. But it did not. For under a dollar, there wer
) r, i8 b7 L; m" we interventions that could save lives that just weren't being delivered. ! n [& T' T& `
+ Q1 `, A1 |# W. Q( v我们被震惊了。我们想,如果几百万儿童正在死亡线上挣扎,而且他们是可以被挽救的,
5 @5 r+ E+ `2 r5 @( s1 ~那么世界理应将用药物拯救他们作为头等大事。但是事实并非如此。那些价格还不到一美 ' L2 P3 a! T% M6 W3 [
元的救命的药剂,并没有送到他们的手中。 ! Z+ I& Z Z8 ~2 e: A
, r8 H; G# f) M0 [' L' JIf you believe that every life has equal value, it's revolting to learn that s
: h' t3 C4 `; _5 K1 \' lome lives are seen as worth saving and others are not. We said to ourselves: "
8 }0 n+ o+ M6 A; `6 L$ aThis can't be true. But if it is true, it deserves to be the priority of our g
$ L( L9 |4 _3 c4 z9 Uiving." 5 G8 e6 A4 b% S! e
: k- X5 f. U! }# r( ~7 O0 H/ ?如果你相信每个生命都是平等的,那么当你发现某些生命被挽救了,而另一些生命被放弃
# U7 X' Z7 R8 N. W# z) _9 x了,你会感到无法接受。我们对自己说:“事情不可能如此。如果这是真的,那么它理应
' ?9 D0 r* y3 a6 a, j; ~! A是我们努力的头等大事。”
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. T/ c1 V2 D2 v% W7 m0 }So we began our work in the same way anyone here would begin it. We asked: "Ho # c; V$ C0 x7 b# d$ |- G
w could the world let these children die?"
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1 J; w8 t: Q; T& M& U5 u/ u$ r所以,我们用任何人都会想到的方式开始工作。我们问:“这个世界怎么可以眼睁睁看着 & H. k5 X. K, O7 D( J4 f# N
这些孩子死去?” 5 G, A' H$ G6 {( D
% q3 ?& g' X3 FThe answer is simple, and harsh. The market did not reward saving the lives of ) A( Z: P% Z( m$ `7 {
these children, and governments did not subsidize it. So the children died be 4 `4 x0 Z: G8 q3 N" w. X( s9 n
cause their mothers and their fathers had no power in the market and no voice
. x' L" N6 M6 tin the system.
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0 u$ ?& X* X/ g |# p" v答案很简单,也很令人难堪。在市场经济中,拯救儿童是一项没有利润的工作,政府也不
; Q' j/ M [! E, g* f) b会提供补助。这些儿童之所以会死亡,是因为他们的父母在经济上没有实力,在政治上没
7 f" t6 R& `" d2 e有能力发出声音。
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( O) M& r; Q1 b0 m& DBut you and I have both. " @$ d* ^$ a- s- l
8 u. l+ F& y2 } \! V但是,你们和我在经济上有实力,在政治上能够发出声音。 , E. U+ a/ o) p
( }0 Q- h {# F$ wWe can make market forces work better for the poor if we can develop a more cr
5 g4 b: J* Q* _# N' q8 Geative capitalism – if we can stretch the reach of market forces so that more 0 u# E. G# _+ B
people can make a profit, or at least make a living, serving people who are s
6 [" K) f$ c' N3 {! r& Quffering from the worst inequities. We also can press governments around the w
" k2 t9 Q! E* E5 Dorld to spend taxpayer money in ways that better reflect the values of the peo 1 E; W; ]4 K0 B- @2 k6 N# U& `
ple who pay the taxes. , ^1 z0 O3 w/ M6 M/ d. p1 M2 i
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我们可以让市场更好地为穷人服务,如果我们能够设计出一种更有创新性的资本主义制度
x6 K+ v- e( W5 x: V——如果我们可以改变市场,让更多的人可以获得利润,或者至少可以维持生活——那么
3 f8 a+ d; K$ H+ P# Z,这就可以帮到那些正在极端不平等的状况中受苦的人们。我们还可以向全世界的政府施
, v8 H& I- ~7 L r( o+ I9 {1 ^压,要求他们将纳税人的钱,花到更符合纳税人价值观的地方。 # Q0 A$ T2 F# O$ w; x3 B
* Z- H$ ^ ?/ ^8 w4 e% l0 oIf we can find approaches that meet the needs of the poor in ways that generat . j9 D o# q3 J/ P& w3 c
e profits for business and votes for politicians, we will have found a sustain
1 V+ _* y# G9 w8 a! S8 qable way to reduce inequity in the world. This task is open-ended. It can neve ' `" ?5 ~. q/ ?% z
r be finished. But a conscious effort to answer this challenge will change the 3 A9 r+ J0 D4 c/ B4 V
world. 1 q9 Z' q4 @8 Q
9 a# h& @' |' K, ?) l. R1 p如果我们能够找到这样一种方法,既可以帮到穷人,又可以为商人带来利润,为政治家带
7 ~4 s$ I9 p I f7 }# }9 E6 U4 L来选票,那么我们就找到了一种减少世界性不平等的可持续的发展道路。这个任务是无限
) x5 W: H: x& a1 g% H的。它不可能被完全完成,但是任何自觉地解决这个问题的尝试,都将会改变这个世界。
3 z& ^$ J" T( ]4 J" J l: v4 c* y: `% [9 h% _) J& {
8 ?* E# [% J# C4 p% rI am optimistic that we can do this, but I talk to skeptics who claim there is 1 H( ?4 Y: t0 Y- J! V
no hope. They say: "Inequity has been with us since the beginning, and will b
. A5 y; F7 F% o1 h: Ge with us till the end – because people just … don't … care." I completely
* G& X( P' Z- e7 o6 qdisagree. , H" Q( f+ {) D: D
7 W- D$ P) e: z3 C H* z) O( x; ^在这个问题上,我是乐观的。但是,我也遇到过那些感到绝望的怀疑主义者。他们说:“ $ Q" S1 V; b6 {
不平等从人类诞生的第一天就存在,到人类灭亡的最后一天也将存在。——因为人类对这 - ^9 T" @1 _+ O% |
个问题根本不在乎。”我完全不能同意这种观点。 / W, `" E* u: N* |0 K$ ~ ?
$ ^+ ~- S! n C# X0 \4 k4 f
I believe we have more caring than we know what to do with. % W! x' e6 l3 u1 L# `2 v
6 Y' P; ~. l/ c我相信,问题不是我们不在乎,而是我们不知道怎么做。 2 A7 C8 N7 w5 s3 ~
2 b8 ~( V# Q8 U1 RAll of us here in this Yard, at one time or another, have seen human tragedies 5 v% l* T5 P) u F; i; O7 f
that broke our hearts, and yet we did nothing – not because we didn't care, $ d6 V/ S1 M ]
but because we didn't know what to do. If we had known how to help, we would h ' n9 v9 _/ i* O+ W4 W) W+ w
ave acted. 4 ~- O% h; k4 J' d; ]$ y
m `: m! F" P. V; O' l+ ~5 v
此刻在这个院子里的所有人,生命中总有这样或那样的时刻,目睹人类的悲剧,感到万分
; G: ?6 r/ ~% i) i; o+ T. `伤心。但是我们什么也没做,并非我们无动于衷,而是因为我们不知道做什么和怎么做。 3 L o! g" M8 Y+ c" h" i: r
如果我们知道如何做是有效的,那么我们就会采取行动。
/ H7 G2 x' {6 L: k, u) @+ j) ?/ x
$ F+ _! Q, A9 G2 ]9 t: IThe barrier to change is not too little caring; it is too much complexity. 5 m0 ?# ^: k l3 G" A
/ }4 u9 a( m Q" L改变世界的阻碍,并非人类的冷漠,而是世界实在太复杂。
; P2 t" [# k% m# Q5 S: x% \- _2 L7 t/ H* b9 K5 p! p2 K
To turn caring into action, we need to see a problem, see a solution, and see 0 z" P! q; U' ~, M3 K
the impact. But complexity blocks all three steps. * ~' L5 g% L1 r. [+ e: S3 l
* ^3 ^: I7 j" [6 I
为了将关心转变为行动,我们需要找到问题,发现解决办法的方法,评估后果。但是世界 5 F# H+ J4 i! X7 ~
的复杂性使得所有这些步骤都难于做到。 8 \% ^) R; E/ B3 l
7 k; y- Z9 U( _* B# e+ Q% ]
Even with the advent of the Internet and 24-hour news, it is still a complex e
5 N0 ?0 T7 e2 m; o; h# Wnterprise to get people to truly see the problems. When an airplane crashes, o
6 z7 t3 r* H3 ^) a# i* Hfficials immediately call a press conference. They promise to investigate, det : F* _& Z% m' L$ V2 O
ermine the cause, and prevent similar crashes in the future. ' z( j6 t1 m- [: ~3 d0 s
) c4 g' p' K \3 ?2 }# R
即使有了互联网和24小时直播的新闻台,让人们真正发现问题所在,仍然十分困难。当一
: A, t& B4 o1 B/ n4 g2 @( }架飞机坠毁了,官员们会立刻召开新闻发布会,他们承诺进行调查、找到原因、防止将来
# H- u& W$ ^3 }, [0 m+ n6 @再次发生类似事故。 U7 ^& L! b2 e/ C8 o: D
! | N' `! z9 s3 Z z! k7 {8 w: o
But if the officials were brutally honest, they would say: "Of all the people * F; u% J* F6 r' \% R. _
in the world who died today from preventable causes, one half of one percent o
! f$ g7 R& `' Qf them were on this plane. We're determined to do everything possible to solve
! m P+ r! x& S5 nthe problem that took the lives of the one half of one percent."
( e3 M: T# n: n
" o! t$ q0 s+ T" |- A8 F0 B但是如果那些官员敢说真话,他们就会说:“在今天这一天,全世界所有可以避免的死亡 3 y& P) o1 o7 D4 k7 s4 X+ O) v O' k
之中,只有0.5%的死者来自于这次空难。我们决心尽一切努力,调查这个0.5%的死亡原因
2 b+ i2 W5 i: I# I! G4 t1 B8 ]) ?。” : T/ H9 B3 V8 k/ f0 a0 G
7 s# F+ `, s8 X# M7 @ o) N" A
The bigger problem is not the plane crash, but the millions of preventable dea : z3 p/ m& _' z) y: c3 H
ths. 6 g: d5 Q+ @" D" w. r
; Y6 c& P* Y5 n1 V
显然,更重要的问题不是这次空难,而是其他几百万可以预防的死亡事件。
5 ~' x9 D7 n# j( f( _0 @, G/ }) U% _! P9 u
We don't read much about these deaths. The media covers what's new – and mill 0 y: ^, j% C) J# D
ions of people dying is nothing new. So it stays in the background, where it's
8 }( Q( h& H7 oeasier to ignore. But even when we do see it or read about it, it's difficult
4 D& J4 z5 T/ m1 Uto keep our eyes on the problem. It's hard to look at suffering if the situat
b( O2 l$ T7 F* s8 S1 Lion is so complex that we don't know how to help. And so we look away. $ b$ i: ?8 S& o4 _6 ^# h) o
* g6 @5 P# j0 f8 }) k/ J$ t( y# L我们并没有很多机会了解那些死亡事件。媒体总是报告新闻,几百万人将要死去并非新闻 4 ~& M* i) Y& \: W/ E6 Q, A( m
。如果没有人报道,那么这些事件就很容易被忽视。另一方面,即使我们确实目睹了事件 ' w3 s' w2 \8 Y( r
本身或者看到了相关报道,我们也很难持续关注这些事件。看着他人受苦是令人痛苦的,
% W; b4 ^. f$ n7 x" }- m何况问题又如此复杂,我们根本不知道如何去帮助他人。所以我们会将脸转过去。
4 Y( N: b E* j+ |6 k9 o! K" g) p- t5 S6 i
If we can really see a problem, which is the first step, we come to the second
N3 N* q0 s4 P! G$ `" {2 Tstep: cutting through the complexity to find a solution.
+ P$ [- n$ V) A/ E" d
$ @/ r$ @. y* h6 W4 R" l6 m就算我们真正发现了问题所在,也不过是迈出了第一步,接着还有第二步:那就是从复杂
/ b+ V/ h% ?$ U' [ M的事件中找到解决办法。
; j( h9 w& v5 b; W& F* w- Z
7 |1 X1 ^2 g7 iFinding solutions is essential if we want to make the most of our caring. If w
( L) z5 @$ S* ue have clear and proven answers anytime an organization or individual asks "Ho 6 O; r( _' z% _
w can I help?," then we can get action – and we can make sure that none of th 0 k' g3 x2 F7 K {$ o. a4 W
e caring in the world is wasted. But complexity makes it hard to mark a path o
: \8 J! S3 W( o2 f/ T& s! I rf action for everyone who cares — and that makes it hard for their caring to
* G& h R- Q/ I% S+ {. Q* omatter. + X2 l/ m' W4 T. ~5 T
, U$ H. ]. L6 H6 R如果我们要让关心落到实处,我们就必须找到解决办法。如果我们有一个清晰的和可靠的
9 r6 P) l0 o! S7 r7 y答案,那么当任何组织和个人发出疑问“如何我能提供帮助”的时候,我们就能采取行动
( U+ [0 E/ |9 M3 C6 a9 a/ R。我们就能够保证不浪费一丁点全世界人类对他人的关心。但是,世界的复杂性使得很难 % _& O) J0 H; G; L% v
找到对全世界每一个有爱心的人都有效的行动方法,因此人类对他人的关心往往很难产生 3 f& W3 A: \" Y! W
实际效果。 6 O9 B, E# l4 ^. D% \
" X7 l r) ^# s2 CCutting through complexity to find a solution runs through four predictable st , t I' T& |) D( e8 Z: d# q) A
ages: determine a goal, find the highest-leverage approach, discover the ideal
2 Z' x5 m7 m% u! ]! Ctechnology for that approach, and in the meantime, make the smartest applicat 5 Y( @) l4 ?% A5 g
ion of the technology that you already have — whether it's something sophisti
8 R) X! b, o# g) ]6 |cated, like a drug, or something simpler, like a bednet. 8 y7 j" o5 V/ Y3 _* z
9 I4 y @ b2 O7 o$ A5 M从这个复杂的世界中找到解决办法,可以分为四个步骤:确定目标,找到最高效的方法,
' g9 M7 j$ ~$ C- O发现适用于这个方法的新技术,同时最聪明地利用现有的技术,不管它是复杂的药物,还
$ J- u- _) l/ W7 J是最简单的蚊帐。 # C) w7 z) g9 n8 T3 V% c4 x
& e* {: }* y& h' r
The AIDS epidemic offers an example. The broad goal, of course, is to end the
7 R- [5 b3 L% m5 n! Edisease. The highest-leverage approach is prevention. The ideal technology wou
. b. i% z/ U& r# x5 q' O) O4 dld be a vaccine that gives lifetime immunity with a single dose. So government
% h! c. D( ]0 t" _0 `s, drug companies, and foundations fund vaccine research. But their work is li Z4 ?6 q1 ~4 P! i
kely to take more than a decade, so in the meantime, we have to work with what % a) j9 U3 E& F* j# H# }( @5 p; R
we have in hand – and the best prevention approach we have now is getting pe
! c8 t7 [0 ~* |ople to avoid risky behavior.
' V* g J; k2 R# ]+ A
6 s" m7 A: A5 r+ f; D* B艾滋病就是一个例子。总的目标,毫无疑问是消灭这种疾病。最高效的方法是预防。最理
d5 y! G) j$ y7 g想的技术是发明一种疫苗,只要注射一次,就可以终生免疫。所以,政府、制药公司、基
& b, x7 B, @ s金会应该资助疫苗研究。但是,这样研究工作很可能十年之内都无法完成。因此,与此同
8 h/ Z# w9 Y' ^0 s时,我们必须使用现有的技术,目前最有效的预防方法就是设法让人们避免那些危险的行
1 @8 _" {! y5 R! @为。 8 U: Y1 u& b! [7 c+ s6 m$ o2 B
- E! q5 v7 Y) [2 g
Pursuing that goal starts the four-step cycle again. This is the pattern. The 6 l8 V; ]( K( b
crucial thing is to never stop thinking and working – and never do what we di 9 W6 } m; a# ]0 E
d with malaria and tuberculosis in the 20th century – which is to surrender t
5 |$ I! r% N l( ^o complexity and quit. 9 a( b* X8 d. O3 D! u6 A7 U
3 c5 z6 R9 T. ?, z5 W; z# L! o# \
要实现这个新的目标,又可以采用新的四步循环。这是一种模式。关键的东西是永远不要
: A" a3 g2 p+ ]+ b$ ^停止思考和行动。我们千万不能再犯上个世纪在疟疾和肺结核上犯过的错误,那时我们因 - m- @+ N: K) _& b6 E! K: ^6 G3 \
为它们太复杂,而放弃了采取行动。 $ i3 m: H% _8 |, z2 [
8 c; ]: `4 ~3 kThe final step – after seeing the problem and finding an approach – is to me , ?% s) e1 }- \& B. x( H
asure the impact of your work and share your successes and failures so that ot
! N; H. \) O7 mhers learn from your efforts. 3 n/ ?! D3 v& f8 l# o# ^+ h
" T u$ e& R8 g# k2 Z3 B6 ]( T在发现问题和找到解决方法之后,就是最后一步——评估工作结果,将你的成功经验或者 - S0 I' T( \+ L6 F4 G' A
失败经验传播出去,这样其他人就可以从你的努力中有所收获。 " W; J9 y' A7 I+ C
( \6 A6 R, l/ ]- l; n
You have to have the statistics, of course. You have to be able to show that a
# f: A; R4 N0 ]program is vaccinating millions more children. You have to be able to show a 2 |9 J% ?, r/ Z3 h
decline in the number of children dying from these diseases. This is essential * f: z4 k; x: L: p9 x# Z2 e) a' {
not just to improve the program, but also to help draw more investment from b # e: [" k/ T: t
usiness and government.
# c/ z! z: B1 [& r' J! ]* t2 i$ M9 r* K& Y" J
当然,你必须有一些统计数字。你必须让他人知道,你的项目为几百万儿童新接种了疫苗 5 i9 v" [' p4 k
。你也必须让他人知道,儿童死亡人数下降了多少。这些都是很关键的,不仅有利于改善
5 V7 t0 E# D% U' ^+ ^$ j7 g" u5 X项目效果,也有利于从商界和政府得到更多的帮助。 * u$ k% m6 R+ E. ^
0 W( D. e: u2 ^6 a1 |. k/ Q2 m
But if you want to inspire people to participate, you have to show more than n z* Z7 h! I) O3 r% J3 \
umbers; you have to convey the human impact of the work – so people can feel 7 {* u% G! `% V; H8 F) d
what saving a life means to the families affected.
8 W& T' G) u( R4 A( }
4 a7 f! Q3 K5 ^# \) L但是,这些还不够,如果你想激励其他人参加你的项目,你就必须拿出更多的统计数字;
- b/ \( M7 m I你必须展示你的项目的人性因素,这样其他人就会感到拯救一个生命,对那些处在困境中 6 W3 W$ N5 r; \2 ?$ E* k* y
的家庭到底意味着什么。 " B! T. a" T/ W4 y# l" I
; K5 _3 h' N$ v
I remember going to Davos some years back and sitting on a global health panel 3 I5 f! R1 J2 N, F3 j' @2 ^
that was discussing ways to save millions of lives. Millions! Think of the th
1 x7 P! Y7 y: h* mrill of saving just one person's life – then multiply that by millions. … Ye
1 T8 B% M0 M3 r9 kt this was the most boring panel I've ever been on – ever. So boring even I c
' ^( e! u! e* K" G! a+ Louldn't bear it. ( q( t6 D. B0 ^4 H. R8 h
. W2 F6 S& [- ~5 F
几年前,我去瑞士达沃斯旁听一个全球健康问题论坛,会议的内容有关于如何拯救几百万
! i1 Y. n7 H$ G* X- ^6 Z, h条生命。天哪,是几百万!想一想吧,拯救一个人的生命已经让人何等激动,现在你要把 , c7 k+ D Y2 `6 D8 p
这种激动再乘上几百万倍……但是,不幸的是,这是我参加过的最最乏味的论坛,乏味到 + H& t M! R6 u0 Y0 J
我无法强迫自己听下去。
" W6 a- m1 S; D G1 V; i( f: g) Z& F7 w( _3 I
What made that experience especially striking was that I had just come from an 6 z4 b9 z) E% |# ~" C
event where we were introducing version 13 of some piece of software, and we , x/ ?$ h& O, E4 l* ~! H Z
had people jumping and shouting with excitement. I love getting people excited : [! [) R! N1 W. R! V0 b
about software – but why can't we generate even more excitement for saving l
( T# [& m: R& ~; s$ Gives?
9 }* q( R' ~* t9 K/ i/ y: B- ]" z0 I" @ h9 H
那次经历之所以让我难忘,是因为之前我们刚刚发布了一个软件的第13个版本,我们让观
2 M/ g3 z! |4 b0 q# X: N/ Z1 J9 v众激动得跳了起来,喊出了声。我喜欢人们因为软件而感到激动,那么我们为什么不能够
+ r$ I- D8 l W1 ?" D/ N让人们因为能够拯救生命而感到更加激动呢?
) ]- w. [# X* X" {0 l: z* C I
. w+ m. I' o3 ?' n5 O6 MYou can't get people excited unless you can help them see and feel the impact. ! g/ m, v/ I$ z5 j
And how you do that – is a complex question.
8 r8 q& T3 o* Y8 _
- y. N: d4 Y+ _/ _8 C: S: @4 @除非你能够让人们看到或者感受到行动的影响力,否则你无法让人们激动。如何做到这一 ! Z5 Z$ E. |; U! X0 d3 a
点,并不是一件简单的事。 2 d& B! o) }+ N0 e
1 s7 {0 M& K9 n# T! G3 s8 s: B7 r
Still, I'm optimistic. Yes, inequity has been with us forever, but the new too 2 C! B$ A% [0 C4 V
ls we have to cut through complexity have not been with us forever. They are n , e+ l, l2 f* p6 a8 V: }
ew – they can help us make the most of our caring – and that's why the futur " d+ ~' b9 Q* A, J1 L, E% g
e can be different from the past. * u& o& z7 h1 K4 l* d& o
5 A; P: p9 D6 a* f6 {. M- g同前面一样,在这个问题上,我依然是乐观的。不错,人类的不平等有史以来一直存在, d) x+ R2 T9 K6 e5 y
但是那些能够化繁为简的新工具,却是最近才出现的。这些新工具可以帮助我们,将人类 : V! ^8 C9 B; V( f1 J( b; H
的同情心发挥最大的作用,这就是为什么将来同过去是不一样的。
5 g$ I+ s( k/ y9 q2 @* { I( Z* n b/ Q* |
The defining and ongoing innovations of this age – biotechnology, the compute
* u6 A5 m1 X- @5 Ar, the Internet – give us a chance we've never had before to end extreme pove
6 S0 ~! T$ u7 ?" R: mrty and end death from preventable disease. 9 `- k Z: S6 L! P
, r. g/ u" G2 _
这个时代无时无刻不在涌现出新的革新——生物技术,计算机,互联网——它们给了我们 " |2 p8 _/ y* @- M9 S! ]
一个从未有过的机会,去终结那些极端的贫穷和非恶性疾病的死亡。
$ V7 g4 E! [7 y7 {4 E% K
; U ~8 X- K# o; g" g% ~& C }# ~* QSixty years ago, George Marshall came to this commencement and announced a pla
2 I$ L( l* ~- u, e( g: mn to assist the nations of post-war Europe. He said: "I think one difficulty i
- N7 [4 i% M) }0 N8 W& ?s that the problem is one of such enormous complexity that the very mass of fa / c9 t( j& h& M. V
cts presented to the public by press and radio make it exceedingly difficult f
8 ], J- c) N- N- wor the man in the street to reach a clear appraisement of the situation. It is ) J" c. |, i6 x' s) @
virtually impossible at this distance to grasp at all the real significance o : A7 M! i f; S. `
f the situation."
; ]1 Y J% \8 ~& t B* \8 C: b7 R5 f+ C6 A+ C# e
六十年前,乔治·马歇尔也是在这个地方的毕业典礼上,宣布了一个计划,帮助那些欧洲 5 m8 c) V, O7 {+ s# x
国家的战后建设。他说:“我认为,困难的一点是这个问题太复杂,报纸和电台向公众源
& H/ ^6 ~8 Q: u4 I: x源不断地提供各种事实,使得大街上的普通人极端难于清晰地判断形势。事实上,经过层
9 m$ S2 [( P- n1 @层传播,想要真正地把握形势,是根本不可能的。” 4 N7 g6 V/ `( X
0 C* B. k: W7 i5 [3 W
Thirty years after Marshall made his address, as my class graduated without me " d' |& X% Q$ M& r+ D
, technology was emerging that would make the world smaller, more open, more v . K& k7 P& x% g9 w( ]8 k; @8 U
isible, less distant. - L' W- ~3 \% U% J" Q
! T6 O ^) }' @2 u. e x9 x
马歇尔发表这个演讲之后的三十年,我那一届学生毕业,当然我不在其中。那时,新技术 ( E1 B' D N) p+ J' i
刚刚开始萌芽,它们将使得这个世界变得更小、更开放、更容易看到、距离更近。
2 W& ~& w# S. f4 R o# [- Y, F% d& `' ?4 e4 H" X R3 o# p
The emergence of low-cost personal computers gave rise to a powerful network t 1 a* @) d3 j2 p( x7 G
hat has transformed opportunities for learning and communicating. . b% o2 n% Q- k( ]
0 E* d% L f- Q7 z% ~
低成本的个人电脑的出现,使得一个强大的互联网有机会诞生,它为学习和交流提供了巨
8 r/ U7 N. p) C% L6 r大的机会。 7 h2 ~* [! ^0 W) ]9 D6 ]
) i: D$ |! L+ v1 K# dThe magical thing about this network is not just that it collapses distance an
9 i) c% j t2 s2 R+ T8 k' N8 }3 l2 @d makes everyone your neighbor. It also dramatically increases the number of b ( k( i! \( Q( g) j
rilliant minds we can have working together on the same problem – and that sc
! L ?4 q6 x8 w: A4 Zales up the rate of innovation to a staggering degree.
+ @6 C0 {, Y$ U3 B9 `- {: t6 }9 b' w; k& ]9 i( L* V
网络的神奇之处,不仅仅是它缩短了物理距离,使得天涯若比邻。它还极大地增加了怀有
- \5 c8 \6 U2 b共同想法的人们聚集在一起的机会,我们可以为了解决同一个问题,一起共同工作。这就
9 k( E6 C) ]5 D1 j大大加快了革新的进程,发展速度简直快得让人震惊。
: l8 h9 Z6 Z9 V( n, h2 F
: f4 }2 c7 B& p& wAt the same time, for every person in the world who has access to this technol 6 U* c" U% {3 ?$ |
ogy, five people don't. That means many creative minds are left out of this di
3 A. H) ]9 D3 Jscussion -- smart people with practical intelligence and relevant experience w $ s% t: Q5 U9 [2 e
ho don't have the technology to hone their talents or contribute their ideas t
0 W; O6 u+ B. qo the world. / x) I/ K, b6 ]+ j
) w V# G# I. c+ J8 J与此同时,世界上有条件上网的人,只是全部人口的六分之一。这意味着,还有许多具有 - D6 W' y5 u% q8 S& F+ R7 e
创造性的人们,没有加入到我们的讨论中来。那些有着实际的操作经验和相关经历的聪明 [. a8 L9 _8 `4 g
人,却没有技术来帮助他们,将他们的天赋或者想法与全世界分享。 . [6 e0 H+ t6 Z0 W
( O7 G1 `8 W& X% z# u
We need as many people as possible to have access to this technology, because ( L, o4 Z; [4 R B. S( A' `
these advances are triggering a revolution in what human beings can do for one
( z) P; E' C% l3 @- r0 C7 p% Ianother. They are making it possible not just for national governments, but f ! G9 n0 H( M* a n
or universities, corporations, smaller organizations, and even individuals to 1 c3 l, G0 n1 {, x4 m1 n$ y
see problems, see approaches, and measure the impact of their efforts to addre % J* Q3 H2 [$ [. V2 x( c
ss the hunger, poverty, and desperation George Marshall spoke of 60 years ago. 8 b/ {: z: r: J; M: z
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3 j3 a/ }: c8 S7 Z1 w
我们需要尽可能地让更多的人有机会使用新技术,因为这些新技术正在引发一场革命,人
6 l2 e# d0 C* n+ ?1 E% s+ Y类将因此可以互相帮助。新技术正在创造一种可能,不仅是政府,还包括大学、公司、小 $ a+ {3 c) Q1 s I* [0 d
机构、甚至个人,能够发现问题所在、能够找到解决办法、能够评估他们努力的效果,去
4 `6 @% x2 O) [8 c改变那些马歇尔六十年前就说到过的问题——饥饿、贫穷和绝望。 - C8 [& \) i' {; m+ Y
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Members of the Harvard Family: Here in the Yard is one of the great collection 5 P. I' Q" o( i
s of intellectual talent in the world.
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$ j, D1 D5 E5 N; `& w/ y哈佛是一个大家庭。这个院子里在场的人们,是全世界最有智力的人类群体之一。 + e$ A# @ \! f% [7 i
, y$ S, j! p! X1 S
What for?
3 o, p* A, b0 Z* B. d4 b
6 V$ } w1 d2 I8 V8 i( b9 [5 s. h我们可以做些什么?
z2 w* i: i; l% g$ Z! B' ^" j0 N( B. U4 c) }& p! q4 T; e
There is no question that the faculty, the alumni, the students, and the benef
a8 s: ^( b5 Q1 \# K1 Ractors of Harvard have used their power to improve the lives of people here an ) H% ]6 d$ @$ z! ~# h# `8 Q$ H
d around the world. But can we do more? Can Harvard dedicate its intellect to ' j7 s' R8 k0 }
improving the lives of people who will never even hear its name?
, S& U D }- v( O/ K1 h, i$ M; P) [0 j
毫无疑问,哈佛的老师、校友、学生和资助者,已经用他们的能力改善了全世界各地人们
% l. ^0 j5 z y) e7 M. R的生活。但是,我们还能够再做什么呢?有没有可能,哈佛的人们可以将他们的智慧,用 / n. S& X# n5 S6 G6 a
来帮助那些甚至从来没有听到过“哈佛”这个名字的人?
f# E3 Q& _8 ~$ q+ M E1 x: S g, x' p, O3 r& ?" g/ x% w0 }
Let me make a request of the deans and the professors – the intellectual lead
: C% M7 d" f) n1 E4 t# Ners here at Harvard: As you hire new faculty, award tenure, review curriculum, 7 w0 c* e3 V# Q5 w6 _
and determine degree requirements, please ask yourselves: 5 w, _% s% q7 T1 }7 ]
3 P/ `7 Y7 F5 q, M) ]请允许我向各位院长和教授,提出一个请求——你们是哈佛的智力领袖,当你们雇用新的
7 P/ n3 O! _% u3 ?5 h老师、授予终身教职、评估课程、决定学位颁发标准的时候,请问你们自己如下的问题:
* ]3 p2 `2 f O. Y* `- u
4 R0 }! H2 Z$ W- `
9 T3 h, ^4 {4 tShould our best minds be dedicated to solving our biggest problems?
* L9 g6 d ^5 c3 Z: f. ]& `) _2 Q n+ B- d' q: ?
我们最优秀的人才是否在致力于解决我们最大的问题? * S( k; `2 B& [) D a
/ {( `3 r3 d# v1 H7 i9 `Should Harvard encourage its faculty to take on the world's worst inequities?
) K6 R" }) I! u+ _& ^. |# HShould Harvard students learn about the depth of global poverty … the prevale
. x+ ~4 r5 A U- H9 l1 U5 a* gnce of world hunger … the scarcity of clean water …the girls kept out of sch
2 e' g& R2 D' q' M3 Oool … the children who die from diseases we can cure? / V4 W( A* F( r% \: M
$ B6 W. V& H! T哈佛是否鼓励她的老师去研究解决世界上最严重的不平等?哈佛的学生是否从全球那些极
6 \6 q# I9 i* h4 [: u: J端的贫穷中学到了什么……世界性的饥荒……清洁的水资源的缺乏……无法上学的女童…
' X: K% ]: A6 U$ P…死于非恶性疾病的儿童……哈佛的学生有没有从中学到东西? 5 P0 ^- Z1 |) I) B D
2 T) w& }- u" o5 w
Should the world's most privileged people learn about the lives of the world's
9 ^: G% e& n. Sleast privileged? * }& }( H3 f8 O/ P. ]9 u
" B; s! j$ z' c" N
那些世界上过着最优越生活的人们,有没有从那些最困难的人们身上学到东西?
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These are not rhetorical questions – you will answer with your policies. 4 A9 @/ y/ k* B2 r. }3 J$ z
7 N8 L: S$ i' k' T9 h4 E) |- \% C
这些问题并非语言上的修辞。你必须用自己的行动来回答它们。 . O* W8 n5 I4 K( c
+ A' F+ x7 y" ~My mother, who was filled with pride the day I was admitted here – never stop
) k6 o4 q; t6 ~) Kped pressing me to do more for others. A few days before my wedding, she hoste
: F& }# V$ O( b0 p* ad a bridal event, at which she read aloud a letter about marriage that she had / S; S7 u; U" f! e
written to Melinda. My mother was very ill with cancer at the time, but she s
- {9 c' k9 X0 R. M/ caw one more opportunity to deliver her message, and at the close of the letter : f2 ]: t8 F8 w
she said: "From those to whom much is given, much is expected."
[, L) W# W7 e, @' c; Q
3 X. P' z/ u6 U' I# |我的母亲在我被哈佛大学录取的那一天,曾经感到非常骄傲。她从没有停止督促我,去为 , j* @% `5 [9 ^/ U
他人做更多的事情。在我结婚的前几天,她主持了一个新娘进我家的仪式。在这个仪式上
$ W) S. t+ x* x( F: S,她高声朗读了一封关于婚姻的信,这是她写给Melinda的。那时,我的母亲已经因为癌症
M8 O* }7 e- Y9 U1 x病入膏肓,但是她还是认为这是又一个传播她的信念的机会。在那封信的结尾,她写道:
( X2 y/ M. Y$ o" D- _2 [“对于那些接受了许多帮助的人们,他们还在期待更多的帮助。你的能力越大,人们对你 : ?, z) k( I& X$ z) p* w3 g
的期望也就越大。”
$ e+ J! P# l4 U' Q) z" X8 t
0 a' f5 j& U! M7 A( l4 h. Z# gWhen you consider what those of us here in this Yard have been given – in tal
7 }* P$ A' b o. r7 |ent, privilege, and opportunity – there is almost no limit to what the world
8 o* m, Y% j: s: \# M- e+ N$ l1 uhas a right to expect from us. & z6 Y( P( k# W1 o3 w
: _1 P# R; A/ [1 S& Q
想一想吧,我们在这个院子里的这些人,被给予过什么——天赋、特权、机遇——那么可
% P) p' T2 V) |& P8 k V以这样说,全世界的人们几乎有无限的权力,期待我们做出贡献。
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In line with the promise of this age, I want to exhort each of the graduates h , o; M1 g8 K5 N% ]; T& a
ere to take on an issue – a complex problem, a deep inequity, and become a sp 0 m8 H4 d" u, p H
ecialist on it. If you make it the focus of your career, that would be phenome 2 m' |2 F! \0 i1 I
nal. But you don't have to do that to make an impact. For a few hours every we # K% T+ Q6 H0 }1 G8 i+ R
ek, you can use the growing power of the Internet to get informed, find others ( o; W: i# s9 [- d
with the same interests, see the barriers, and find ways to cut through them.
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同这个时代的期望一样,我也要向今天各位毕业的同学提出一个忠告:你们要选择一个问
9 d6 E e& a: T( ?0 B n7 \0 z题,一个复杂的问题,一个有关于人类深刻的不平等的问题,然后你们要变成这个问题的
1 M* [9 b9 ^6 R& {4 p专家。如果你们能够使得这个问题成为你们职业的核心,那么你们就会非常杰出。但是,
8 z2 B, C b; P1 I5 X你们不必一定要去做那些大事。每个星期只用几个小时,你就可以通过互联网得到信息, 5 H% y3 Q, c6 z$ B( U
找到志同道合的朋友,发现困难所在,找到解决它们的途径。
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7 v3 ~* `* x5 M2 _6 [0 U1 C: UDon't let complexity stop you. Be activists. Take on the big inequities. It wi , U; h5 U( ?; A N4 T I
ll be one of the great experiences of your lives. 1 s& l6 a( a' x" p: B& A; M
6 r7 }# M8 A) H9 y; X
不要让这个世界的复杂性阻碍你前进。要成为一个行动主义者。将解决人类的不平等视为
1 D' v# p7 s5 Q9 m7 C# S己任。它将成为你生命中最重要的经历之一。
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9 h+ @: K2 w. [( uYou graduates are coming of age in an amazing time. As you leave Harvard, you
! W# C5 m2 M. G9 o; p! J' chave technology that members of my class never had. You have awareness of glob
+ {! ]3 s4 Z2 K& |al inequity, which we did not have. And with that awareness, you likely also h " `' c" b. j* I) A @
ave an informed conscience that will torment you if you abandon these people w
2 p* d: f: l' n8 chose lives you could change with very little effort. You have more than we had 6 l* T4 v- w8 S, J: b z5 G% `; r0 ]
; you must start sooner, and carry on longer. % _1 K4 F9 Z2 f0 }" F7 Y
2 R+ H& p1 f9 a: f+ q在座的各位毕业的同学,你们所处的时代是一个神奇的时代。当你们离开哈佛的时候,你
7 O, Z7 T5 y/ S% X9 p2 y) ]们拥有的技术,是我们那一届学生所没有的。你们已经了解到了世界上的不平等,我们那 ; g7 W! S- K3 k z" p; H. d$ ^
时还不知道这些。有了这样的了解之后,要是你再弃那些你可以帮助的人们于不顾,就将
! P; W/ @" }- f6 q受到良心的谴责,只需一点小小的努力,你就可以改变那些人们的生活。你们比我们拥有
' ?) t) U0 m- q6 r4 v9 T更大的能力;你们必须尽早开始,尽可能长时期坚持下去。 5 k/ {6 F% R$ ~1 x* z
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Knowing what you know, how could you not? 7 D$ s6 M0 s( ?" O. h7 K
$ G3 A- D0 [. L9 O, L知道了你们所知道的一切,你们怎么可能不采取行动呢? {6 x9 h+ |0 V6 k3 \# o K7 N
* b7 t' a. l8 G) B9 wAnd I hope you will come back here to Harvard 30 years from now and reflect on . ^7 a; H' t& y9 ?, ? |
what you have done with your talent and your energy. I hope you will judge yo
# x) O1 F' ^4 S6 K ?- I9 nurselves not on your professional accomplishments alone, but also on how well
- d' t0 @' t& _9 |9 `9 v% ^6 Yyou have addressed the world's deepest inequities … on how well you treated p
$ F6 X: p$ P; f W4 r* |' R: Eeople a world away who have nothing in common with you but their humanity.
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我希望,30年后你们还会再回到哈佛,想起你们用自己的天赋和能力所做出的一切。我希
6 l0 J$ ^" g" g! Y, S: I# a望,在那个时候,你们用来评价自己的标准,不仅仅是你们的专业成就,而包括你们为改
& [" |6 J8 W. V4 g, L7 \2 e" D# q- ^变这个世界深刻的不平等所做出的努力,以及你们如何善待那些远隔千山万水、与你们毫 : U+ v. _$ w9 C' S( U! l
不涉及的人们,你们与他们唯一的共同点就是同为人类。 |
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