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2008-11-02 01:02:11 来自: lightpie(上次登录还是1.5年前.....) ' k- B% N/ O' r6 C% m
比尔·盖茨在哈佛大学毕业典礼上的演讲 " @9 V7 G: U" I7 Y0 U- }* a
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2007年6月7日 . J5 U7 _* \9 N+ M+ F
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阮一峰 译
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President Bok, former President Rudenstine, incoming President Faust, members
% O& m. b, p9 t& b6 n9 [( D3 @of the Harvard Corporation and the Board of Overseers, members of the faculty, . O# f J" Q1 {+ I+ P
parents, and especially, the graduates:
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1 S0 d; s+ \/ y- d& r: v4 D, J; ?尊敬的Bok校长,Rudenstine前校长,即将上任的Faust校长,哈佛集团的各位成员,监管
: n9 `4 o" W" G8 j理事会的各位理事,各位老师,各位家长,各位同学:
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I've been waiting more than 30 years to say this: "Dad, I always told you I'd 6 ~. m% _$ m# k: X7 x8 s; J
come back and get my degree."
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0 v( ?7 v1 K |$ S5 U+ \有一句话我等了三十年,现在终于可以说了:“老爸,我总是跟你说,我会回来拿到我的 0 K8 P' L* ?( }; j
学位的!” # U2 e0 f- R; s% V7 O* Z
& e4 M4 m+ c) Q: I! |I want to thank Harvard for this timely honor. I'll be changing my job next ye / P" ~6 N( K9 k' u' C* M! X
ar … and it will be nice to finally have a college degree on my resume. , a& X$ R/ C& q2 q/ a. n: Q
& N# Y4 o' X" |我要感谢哈佛大学在这个时候给我这个荣誉。明年,我就要换工作了(注:指从微软公司
/ L: v" K4 Q4 ^9 r退休)……我终于可以在简历上写我有一个本科学位,这真是不错啊。
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I applaud the graduates today for taking a much more direct route to your degr
8 j( |: M: k9 u+ I' Y fees. For my part, I'm just happy that the Crimson has called me "Harvard's mos ; ?2 l: l5 o* k; ~4 y
t successful dropout." I guess that makes me valedictorian of my own special c 1 h, u7 o' H, C
lass … I did the best of everyone who failed. ! e1 s6 V2 k( E z
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我为今天在座的各位同学感到高兴,你们拿到学位可比我简单多了。哈佛的校报称我是“
. D/ P+ ^" H4 D2 v# y9 J' R哈佛大学历史上最成功的辍学生”。我想这大概使我有资格代表我这一类学生发言……在
/ C) R) b/ U2 W- A' G所有的失败者里,我做得最好。 8 W7 B% e4 r7 [; b2 j* E+ m
7 }+ h' Z' R& D6 GBut I also want to be recognized as the guy who got Steve Ballmer to drop out
`8 W5 ?: R" ]8 A: Jof business school. I'm a bad influence. That's why I was invited to speak at
$ K% I# y/ t. i9 Gyour graduation. If I had spoken at your orientation, fewer of you might be he ) D8 }+ \5 Z) v- i
re today.
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但是,我还要提醒大家,我使得Steve Ballmer(注:微软总经理)也从哈佛商学院退学了 ! b% w; P4 \/ R7 ~* j
。因此,我是个有着恶劣影响力的人。这就是为什么我被邀请来在你们的毕业典礼上演讲
& Z5 a" o' D4 E/ L3 ~。如果我在你们入学欢迎仪式上演讲,那么能够坚持到今天在这里毕业的人也许会少得多
) z/ B. f/ Y+ N D9 S- z% `- s吧。 + }: N2 D( |- v( |
/ p2 Y4 u. u, Q! qHarvard was just a phenomenal experience for me. Academic life was fascinating
- Z0 p7 i9 y/ K0 s. I. I used to sit in on lots of classes I hadn't even signed up for. And dorm li
# R! `( i/ R3 M7 yfe was terrific. I lived up at Radcliffe, in Currier House. There were always
2 B. H; g2 ?7 P; Qlots of people in my dorm room late at night discussing things, because everyo & D) w4 S/ N' X* G& J5 D# g
ne knew I didn't worry about getting up in the morning. That's how I came to b ' W8 n- W) i7 N+ C1 H
e the leader of the anti-social group. We clung to each other as a way of vali
4 o( N+ [9 k. O+ W. ~: ?; q* L; cdating our rejection of all those social people.
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; n, r) M) e0 C( t8 z! n" `* g" _对我来说,哈佛的求学经历是一段非凡的经历。校园生活很有趣,我常去旁听我没选修的 # U1 c$ H8 C5 g y* D6 Y
课。哈佛的课外生活也很棒,我在Radcliffe过着逍遥自在的日子。每天我的寝室里总有很 " |, w. r. s9 B
多人一直待到半夜,讨论着各种事情。因为每个人都知道我从不考虑第二天早起。这使得 " v1 h" S2 [7 j& A0 A
我变成了校园里那些不安分学生的头头,我们互相粘在一起,做出一种拒绝所有正常学生 ) g4 \3 b8 d* F( B
的姿态。 # c8 ]' ~8 ~. v8 U$ l. H2 h2 V. d5 Q
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Radcliffe was a great place to live. There were more women up there, and most 9 {7 ?) y: q' M% A( y
of the guys were science-math types. That combination offered me the best odds
$ W; d; d9 ?1 |3 a+ V, if you know what I mean. This is where I learned the sad lesson that improvi / y8 t* i7 O4 z. w5 z
ng your odds doesn't guarantee success. 4 k9 ~, S; Q5 Z" z4 _' I% P$ j
0 l. {! q- K# {4 gRadcliffe是个过日子的好地方。那里的女生比男生多,而且大多数男生都是理工科的。这 ) B# i p1 Y! H+ \- S' b( I) q
种状况为我创造了最好的机会,如果你们明白我的意思。可惜的是,我正是在这里学到了 0 c' u3 I$ } S
人生中悲伤的一课:机会大,并不等于你就会成功。
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( l6 q# Z/ e1 r: v7 r7 j& zOne of my biggest memories of Harvard came in January 1975, when I made a call ( _1 r: M& @) W6 y1 J
from Currier House to a company in Albuquerque that had begun making the worl
: {/ P% z7 w$ y( ?* ]d's first personal computers. I offered to sell them software. % d/ G( `# B5 U2 A! P3 h
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我在哈佛最难忘的回忆之一,发生在1975年1月。那时,我从宿舍楼里给位于Albuquerque
. B+ m+ F, n7 ?/ V; W的一家公司打了一个电话,那家公司已经在着手制造世界上第一台个人电脑。我提出想向 . u# u$ S; N; N1 F7 ~$ `
他们出售软件。 / S3 {$ E o6 W* S5 g
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I worried that they would realize I was just a student in a dorm and hang up o
& Z% E9 S1 [1 l$ {( C7 H$ Un me. Instead they said: "We're not quite ready, come see us in a month," whic
# s! g, A, j o4 a: U) Eh was a good thing, because we hadn't written the software yet. From that mome
- l% k( p! O T% Tnt, I worked day and night on this little extra credit project that marked the
% n+ \/ E6 [% A7 W/ uend of my college education and the beginning of a remarkable journey with Mi 3 k0 U# E: g, Z+ D A" d& J' ?. S
crosoft. , m b) [* G9 m
w Z5 h, ]- H! X6 k我很担心,他们会发觉我是一个住在宿舍的学生,从而挂断电话。但是他们却说:“我们
$ u4 p7 s) K. c3 ]* {8 r% w还没准备好,一个月后你再来找我们吧。”这是个好消息,因为那时软件还根本没有写出
2 z/ v1 ~3 N' s) K S8 N, T3 a来呢。就是从那个时候起,我日以继夜地在这个小小的课外项目上工作,这导致了我学生
" h7 J. ?8 N' I% u1 ]' q生活的结束,以及通往微软公司的不平凡的旅程的开始。
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; o9 O2 J7 _' iWhat I remember above all about Harvard was being in the midst of so much ener ) A7 F) p! d7 j
gy and intelligence. It could be exhilarating, intimidating, sometimes even di - P- x+ K& k7 L5 P* I! M
scouraging, but always challenging. It was an amazing privilege – and though & L* }. @. e! [" y8 Z* D) W
I left early, I was transformed by my years at Harvard, the friendships I made
! X- @! x5 F5 H: O' Y% j& `% O; s, and the ideas I worked on.
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' s7 R t% }: {0 y: G不管怎样,我对哈佛的回忆主要都与充沛的精力和智力活动有关。哈佛的生活令人愉快,
0 H5 d9 e4 J- T: q也令人感到有压力,有时甚至会感到泄气,但永远充满了挑战性。生活在哈佛是一种吸引 3 c0 B5 q8 y1 T' ?5 ~7 _* o( u0 V
人的特殊待遇……虽然我离开得比较早,但是我在这里的经历、在这里结识的朋友、在这 # v! ]" O" [7 ]$ X0 N
里发展起来的一些想法,永远地改变了我。
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But taking a serious look back … I do have one big regret. 0 a8 G; |/ w( f* R& {' y
% b+ [, W* {& {1 e" c但是,如果现在严肃地回忆起来,我确实有一个真正的遗憾。 8 l7 l& R8 s0 Y8 S* ~
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I left Harvard with no real awareness of the awful inequities in the world – $ p* \; B( v( b8 Q/ E3 z7 |! a' D7 Z
the appalling disparities of health, and wealth, and opportunity that condemn : s0 k7 ]0 O. {; W5 f1 y
millions of people to lives of despair. " z% U9 x3 g9 W( S6 T7 C% \9 u
. k2 z, [, h; h: l我离开哈佛的时候,根本没有意识到这个世界是多么的不平等。人类在健康、财富和机遇 . E1 E6 N6 O) z/ A+ `3 U4 I! `
上的不平等大得可怕,它们使得无数的人们被迫生活在绝望之中。
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/ b( s2 ?$ ~8 h3 C( M7 i" A8 X- ZI learned a lot here at Harvard about new ideas in economics and politics. I g , W- i. }: H! a9 Z
ot great exposure to the advances being made in the sciences. 8 |4 |% x; i, B
6 W8 e8 E6 l4 g8 k$ s8 y3 t我在哈佛学到了很多经济学和政治学的新思想。我也了解了很多科学上的新进展。
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But humanity's greatest advances are not in its discoveries – but in how thos % p" n- Q0 ?5 u: O2 G, G' j
e discoveries are applied to reduce inequity. Whether through democracy, stron
8 Y7 w3 m* T3 F: qg public education, quality health care, or broad economic opportunity – redu 2 h, K) V4 m& S8 o2 W7 K9 g& J1 d( @
cing inequity is the highest human achievement.
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]' t" Y0 J5 w9 ]$ y# `但是,人类最大的进步并不来自于这些发现,而是来自于那些有助于减少人类不平等的发
. g7 ]& s( u/ z \0 H+ X0 F现。不管通过何种手段——民主制度、健全的公共教育体系、高质量的医疗保健、还是广 4 p! U* u2 f Y" k2 X
泛的经济机会——减少不平等始终是人类最大的成就。 . q7 m, m1 I$ Z0 R- V
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I left campus knowing little about the millions of young people cheated out of & T( U- |0 P# G, m4 z
educational opportunities here in this country. And I knew nothing about the 1 U$ K$ u5 O5 B& S
millions of people living in unspeakable poverty and disease in developing cou
, Z; D! \) |% d& a4 B& A6 ?8 Jntries. # p. E1 @/ C+ G. @
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我离开校园的时候,根本不知道在这个国家里,有几百万的年轻人无法获得接受教育的机 r3 F& _- O0 F; N* I% k; G/ p& {4 q2 y
会。我也不知道,发展中国家里有无数的人们生活在无法形容的贫穷和疾病之中。 . L! l2 A J7 ~7 M' F8 P8 }, N( f
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It took me decades to find out. ' X" C d) e1 @0 \% f$ t
- Y' S& i9 ^0 O. m- x我花了几十年才明白了这些事情。 3 b+ Y1 Q8 E; a; ~. T
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You graduates came to Harvard at a different time. You know more about the wor + A4 L8 @9 z1 F, C" K
ld's inequities than the classes that came before. In your years here, I hope 8 v7 j# p I1 J7 D: q: r
you've had a chance to think about how – in this age of accelerating technolo
, \4 M1 N# q a4 a/ c0 dgy – we can finally take on these inequities, and we can solve them. ; _6 J1 Q% @! E+ ~0 Y2 E6 P' _
3 ]% f/ b6 L) C; T h7 z在座的各位同学,你们是在与我不同的时代来到哈佛的。你们比以前的学生,更多地了解 1 q5 }7 Q7 m, j+ R# `. S( o
世界是怎样的不平等。在你们的哈佛求学过程中,我希望你们已经思考过一个问题,那就 " x- S* f8 R" W( O X* `
是在这个新技术加速发展的时代,我们怎样最终应对这种不平等,以及我们怎样来解决这
( J' X% [: S6 z+ g# a6 f6 _7 N6 R个问题。
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Imagine, just for the sake of discussion, that you had a few hours a week and 7 X0 L( ^2 ]+ u: c4 E1 j8 W
a few dollars a month to donate to a cause – and you wanted to spend that tim
- o) n2 @% ?% Ae and money where it would have the greatest impact in saving and improving li
9 `# Y/ q' m/ J( V; R# xves. Where would you spend it?
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为了讨论的方便,请想象一下,假如你每个星期可以捐献一些时间、每个月可以捐献一些
; f) S. E! q, l _! b7 J钱——你希望这些时间和金钱,可以用到对拯救生命和改善人类生活有最大作用的地方。
" Z7 s2 a! K, ^* z2 V! ]4 B你会选择什么地方?
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1 o/ L y+ v; k- H8 a1 rFor Melinda and for me, the challenge is the same: how can we do the most good # q' k( [8 x/ G+ `" ~3 c
for the greatest number with the resources we have. 2 w- q( `( {% Y( A3 G9 Y1 u z9 n
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对Melinda(注:盖茨的妻子)和我来说,这也是我们面临的问题:我们如何能将我们拥有 - a6 Z' b2 [& B/ K
的资源发挥出最大的作用。
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4 ` g$ C D7 G, l# y0 i: b) {+ n2 HDuring our discussions on this question, Melinda and I read an article about t
0 Q k6 G3 F- che millions of children who were dying every year in poor countries from disea 5 R& K* `9 G+ z$ L0 O
ses that we had long ago made harmless in this country. Measles, malaria, pneu
* ~6 R1 ^. P/ c R* t5 Umonia, hepatitis B, yellow fever. One disease I had never even heard of, rotav
9 M$ U1 Y- A5 M/ B$ pirus, was killing half a million kids each year – none of them in the United
& t6 [7 X- z7 E# Q! m/ wStates.
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在讨论过程中,Melinda和我读到了一篇文章,里面说在那些贫穷的国家,每年有数百万的
: t& ^( x$ G9 Z" w% B/ p儿童死于那些在美国早已不成问题的疾病。麻疹、疟疾、肺炎、乙型肝炎、黄热病、还有 9 d; J$ M% @' W! }( l
一种以前我从未听说过的轮状病毒,这些疾病每年导致50万儿童死亡,但是在美国一例死 $ @- e/ C+ {. |! m
亡病例也没有。
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: T0 H8 w& ]/ u8 lWe were shocked. We had just assumed that if millions of children were dying a ) }1 S N$ m& h5 _) G2 d! \ j
nd they could be saved, the world would make it a priority to discover and del
+ p; B8 }+ p; N8 T; f' Y6 uiver the medicines to save them. But it did not. For under a dollar, there wer
$ n- ?4 N, u& He interventions that could save lives that just weren't being delivered. . L! V% `4 p; g5 q
1 y% S8 g. H2 d2 J9 H) Q我们被震惊了。我们想,如果几百万儿童正在死亡线上挣扎,而且他们是可以被挽救的, ' Y/ [ K/ o/ n6 x
那么世界理应将用药物拯救他们作为头等大事。但是事实并非如此。那些价格还不到一美
' y# `, r2 L d% `/ E! c# B# _元的救命的药剂,并没有送到他们的手中。
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3 r. n& l7 B5 L ]If you believe that every life has equal value, it's revolting to learn that s 3 g- J3 P% {( M
ome lives are seen as worth saving and others are not. We said to ourselves: "
; D! S' g4 \) S- d+ T5 S/ \3 U) |This can't be true. But if it is true, it deserves to be the priority of our g 1 y- S( F( Z; T* m6 Q: ?
iving." ' Q5 r3 n: ^5 H
0 i- R- D/ h& o1 m9 n如果你相信每个生命都是平等的,那么当你发现某些生命被挽救了,而另一些生命被放弃
- r1 k- y& e6 P% i. {, Z2 {1 c& I了,你会感到无法接受。我们对自己说:“事情不可能如此。如果这是真的,那么它理应
; ]+ b0 x; O" g. v' W是我们努力的头等大事。”
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So we began our work in the same way anyone here would begin it. We asked: "Ho 3 |, }: Z) C. u P; u% [
w could the world let these children die?"
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Y8 |$ `, U& l- N0 s所以,我们用任何人都会想到的方式开始工作。我们问:“这个世界怎么可以眼睁睁看着 - S. w, L5 E! M! V
这些孩子死去?”
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8 } }/ ]5 ~( pThe answer is simple, and harsh. The market did not reward saving the lives of % t" c( g4 N! `+ v" `7 ^; Z
these children, and governments did not subsidize it. So the children died be . H7 A' D9 `5 j0 s# c
cause their mothers and their fathers had no power in the market and no voice & o# ~9 j- ?1 h3 y; D
in the system. / i0 i# ?4 ^! W% G A0 I
1 m5 Z) v1 n: H$ S5 J J5 Y答案很简单,也很令人难堪。在市场经济中,拯救儿童是一项没有利润的工作,政府也不
0 W5 Y5 g; h: _, d7 H2 X; F会提供补助。这些儿童之所以会死亡,是因为他们的父母在经济上没有实力,在政治上没 2 |7 X/ J+ g$ S7 `8 l6 x, `( o
有能力发出声音。 7 O0 N* c9 Z; V- h, v& c4 J
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But you and I have both.
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但是,你们和我在经济上有实力,在政治上能够发出声音。
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We can make market forces work better for the poor if we can develop a more cr
. _- C$ U* z0 @& aeative capitalism – if we can stretch the reach of market forces so that more
" u2 N$ T1 h; L7 ypeople can make a profit, or at least make a living, serving people who are s ' i3 ^! [0 S" \$ ^3 F/ F
uffering from the worst inequities. We also can press governments around the w 7 Y7 @- [) O7 |- q& M0 A
orld to spend taxpayer money in ways that better reflect the values of the peo 4 y& H2 |& Y: a- y. [6 [4 Q" v
ple who pay the taxes.
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我们可以让市场更好地为穷人服务,如果我们能够设计出一种更有创新性的资本主义制度
2 g( `7 i9 z! |+ F- O q——如果我们可以改变市场,让更多的人可以获得利润,或者至少可以维持生活——那么 4 x# D- N6 P- Q7 \. D
,这就可以帮到那些正在极端不平等的状况中受苦的人们。我们还可以向全世界的政府施 . w% M j+ y( D8 [) e: {6 L' X2 S% v5 \
压,要求他们将纳税人的钱,花到更符合纳税人价值观的地方。
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: z) \, V" X) YIf we can find approaches that meet the needs of the poor in ways that generat
E0 y1 e! D. D# `0 B6 L: l6 je profits for business and votes for politicians, we will have found a sustain
# @: R, b P) S% l7 `$ T) oable way to reduce inequity in the world. This task is open-ended. It can neve
9 E: ]" B0 R8 S- o; B& @( {5 Y9 O$ Gr be finished. But a conscious effort to answer this challenge will change the
6 p; N- p7 A0 V i" F1 mworld. 3 f/ L6 T7 S( r& B+ C! C
) w$ k' B: d! h: J$ ^
如果我们能够找到这样一种方法,既可以帮到穷人,又可以为商人带来利润,为政治家带
1 p% g, h0 {6 x! R来选票,那么我们就找到了一种减少世界性不平等的可持续的发展道路。这个任务是无限 5 g0 P3 u) o1 w
的。它不可能被完全完成,但是任何自觉地解决这个问题的尝试,都将会改变这个世界。
, A+ ~1 R* k0 a0 `: m6 z( n. w+ `) {% _7 J- V$ {: F
4 g% O& b1 P9 r* R% a
I am optimistic that we can do this, but I talk to skeptics who claim there is
+ B* h8 L. |+ G6 Q D" j7 vno hope. They say: "Inequity has been with us since the beginning, and will b
: X4 N/ r w) T, N/ Q8 re with us till the end – because people just … don't … care." I completely
6 w, m+ i" f0 s. mdisagree.
. n" c# ^/ ^; r* A9 m2 O2 t' C1 u' Q0 r" g$ @, k! {
在这个问题上,我是乐观的。但是,我也遇到过那些感到绝望的怀疑主义者。他们说:“
6 b# E' k7 q7 J2 C2 F不平等从人类诞生的第一天就存在,到人类灭亡的最后一天也将存在。——因为人类对这
8 T- H L: A* }+ o# i6 h" l个问题根本不在乎。”我完全不能同意这种观点。
3 V; s g+ \0 \5 @2 L, B8 q t, F' @ \! [1 ?4 M2 U& ~
I believe we have more caring than we know what to do with.
* X4 ] R- \- e' ]/ F
! }" Y' e* H- p5 Q) e我相信,问题不是我们不在乎,而是我们不知道怎么做。 . _% u# J- N/ r! h
* c8 J0 M" k& H2 ?' o) YAll of us here in this Yard, at one time or another, have seen human tragedies
( X; A$ |3 ` V/ V) ]6 R/ C" @/ Lthat broke our hearts, and yet we did nothing – not because we didn't care, 8 @/ k7 a6 e% { P
but because we didn't know what to do. If we had known how to help, we would h
3 Z4 B7 t8 z) p% u% E" W3 pave acted.
' l4 o3 n/ O D+ c; `- x( s- i2 Y2 ]5 q2 n
此刻在这个院子里的所有人,生命中总有这样或那样的时刻,目睹人类的悲剧,感到万分 & k; Y$ G, C% t
伤心。但是我们什么也没做,并非我们无动于衷,而是因为我们不知道做什么和怎么做。 ; _6 K9 j* m# w' k: J
如果我们知道如何做是有效的,那么我们就会采取行动。
- k- M: g* }: m i% v
9 _1 b& Q9 b+ i5 YThe barrier to change is not too little caring; it is too much complexity. ; {3 G3 m; I, `) u% E! I
# @# s4 A. D! }1 R% M( i: i
改变世界的阻碍,并非人类的冷漠,而是世界实在太复杂。 ! _4 g# Y1 ?* h, a0 m
# P# g4 \; P' D1 C/ k6 G
To turn caring into action, we need to see a problem, see a solution, and see : k3 y1 x+ a: y7 b3 V
the impact. But complexity blocks all three steps.
; x8 L. `- o& K2 @8 Q& i" C$ b. x! h; J+ P, m. }
为了将关心转变为行动,我们需要找到问题,发现解决办法的方法,评估后果。但是世界 0 H% ~. J3 s' r' X
的复杂性使得所有这些步骤都难于做到。 # T* ?# Q$ P8 t: ~4 z, U# ?8 \" T. o
1 D F; ?: t# b$ y$ x- K! xEven with the advent of the Internet and 24-hour news, it is still a complex e
! h% W+ `) a) ]2 h0 vnterprise to get people to truly see the problems. When an airplane crashes, o : C/ }: `4 I$ k5 J
fficials immediately call a press conference. They promise to investigate, det
! j% r: j3 O8 ]! \- t* m cermine the cause, and prevent similar crashes in the future. , V7 Z: z. j; P8 @
7 X: j5 e# l7 L/ e/ J8 M即使有了互联网和24小时直播的新闻台,让人们真正发现问题所在,仍然十分困难。当一 / ^0 q& r* g1 u- q4 ?$ L1 C
架飞机坠毁了,官员们会立刻召开新闻发布会,他们承诺进行调查、找到原因、防止将来
|1 v) K5 X0 z7 T/ V9 G" _' Q; a再次发生类似事故。 : ?! ]: _- ]9 ^, D: R7 W
1 R* w: N6 h9 ], C$ g4 [4 p
But if the officials were brutally honest, they would say: "Of all the people
0 P7 I1 H5 F% ^7 m$ ]! \in the world who died today from preventable causes, one half of one percent o
4 P( {$ _8 l$ D' U e* B! nf them were on this plane. We're determined to do everything possible to solve ) c& Z- s/ M& J( K) d; j
the problem that took the lives of the one half of one percent."
' j R9 M# R, H( ?& e4 A# l" F& n/ ~6 ]; K' b
但是如果那些官员敢说真话,他们就会说:“在今天这一天,全世界所有可以避免的死亡 / Y1 J. Q% c; u& A: m. m& K
之中,只有0.5%的死者来自于这次空难。我们决心尽一切努力,调查这个0.5%的死亡原因
2 H0 S; T( ^9 C7 O% K。” + n9 J8 e4 F: g% t$ r
6 L- P7 U3 u8 |, U: }7 Z) xThe bigger problem is not the plane crash, but the millions of preventable dea " H$ p E- r7 v) ^" Q' ]
ths.
6 @0 L" Y( A$ x' _$ h8 Z( _' Q
. e, }' i7 u' O8 t! p4 y, U* \显然,更重要的问题不是这次空难,而是其他几百万可以预防的死亡事件。 & R" o+ W9 D q5 M' n; U4 M& S
" c6 S+ u0 ~6 ]- ^* D8 W& v" DWe don't read much about these deaths. The media covers what's new – and mill ( _: B4 d# e# J' Q
ions of people dying is nothing new. So it stays in the background, where it's
2 u! v1 }6 H( k f, L5 Zeasier to ignore. But even when we do see it or read about it, it's difficult
1 h1 V2 j/ C$ V& D2 U1 @- c9 pto keep our eyes on the problem. It's hard to look at suffering if the situat f3 Y7 [, \$ U4 T3 Y4 ]
ion is so complex that we don't know how to help. And so we look away. ) c8 {6 p% Q; }
1 Z7 l, q. N l8 }我们并没有很多机会了解那些死亡事件。媒体总是报告新闻,几百万人将要死去并非新闻
4 P2 p$ q0 a2 {4 Y% `1 X7 V。如果没有人报道,那么这些事件就很容易被忽视。另一方面,即使我们确实目睹了事件
( i/ Q/ O$ l" N% b8 s' B$ |8 J本身或者看到了相关报道,我们也很难持续关注这些事件。看着他人受苦是令人痛苦的, 0 [" B7 W4 } p% T# C+ g6 _3 B
何况问题又如此复杂,我们根本不知道如何去帮助他人。所以我们会将脸转过去。 5 B6 j) d! }' }1 Y7 d* {- u
4 r! h' |, V- N
If we can really see a problem, which is the first step, we come to the second 0 O8 s: W7 a. Z# _) @
step: cutting through the complexity to find a solution.
% k* \( p2 _. m8 S3 O% t% S+ n6 y$ I4 I
就算我们真正发现了问题所在,也不过是迈出了第一步,接着还有第二步:那就是从复杂 , X5 q, [% Q! T( k
的事件中找到解决办法。 + t8 a2 F& E; E7 W d) {
: i: m# }) t' `! G0 t# w1 L! sFinding solutions is essential if we want to make the most of our caring. If w . t7 e5 B; A. D4 W: t( ~
e have clear and proven answers anytime an organization or individual asks "Ho % [1 `7 F9 j! B q8 n1 T6 v
w can I help?," then we can get action – and we can make sure that none of th & r# W) c+ e z7 R. G
e caring in the world is wasted. But complexity makes it hard to mark a path o
! y# H0 f- v' g, m0 |/ Xf action for everyone who cares — and that makes it hard for their caring to
( |8 |) X" O" D5 P! V6 [ j2 Cmatter. , m' ^+ h. r& X3 t: P; c
: H+ f- [, D* ]# b0 w- y如果我们要让关心落到实处,我们就必须找到解决办法。如果我们有一个清晰的和可靠的 3 b; p" _* h) s2 X) F
答案,那么当任何组织和个人发出疑问“如何我能提供帮助”的时候,我们就能采取行动
! X2 o* y* k% s I& x( J+ V( T( G。我们就能够保证不浪费一丁点全世界人类对他人的关心。但是,世界的复杂性使得很难 4 F) H* h. ^" K& l+ M/ Q6 a, B
找到对全世界每一个有爱心的人都有效的行动方法,因此人类对他人的关心往往很难产生
% T# T* o. m5 Y/ n实际效果。
* L1 ~/ a. a) v. P2 H6 e4 u2 ^% h: d
0 Z8 K( j; ^+ c7 e& e2 vCutting through complexity to find a solution runs through four predictable st
; \( W! d8 j6 P# H lages: determine a goal, find the highest-leverage approach, discover the ideal - Q$ |0 x( r9 S# _* L/ i
technology for that approach, and in the meantime, make the smartest applicat
5 O( j- H$ K" g7 S2 vion of the technology that you already have — whether it's something sophisti . C1 E" u/ u3 l: o
cated, like a drug, or something simpler, like a bednet. 7 A' ?5 c& T2 x8 v9 S. V* B
: y" o0 a2 A7 [& L$ Z$ q1 x0 E
从这个复杂的世界中找到解决办法,可以分为四个步骤:确定目标,找到最高效的方法,
$ ?& A5 ]! f. M# s发现适用于这个方法的新技术,同时最聪明地利用现有的技术,不管它是复杂的药物,还 & G6 o/ V" M8 v5 ^ Y7 k- M$ p) d
是最简单的蚊帐。
3 I- h) R; q% q5 _2 |4 r9 G, g. N0 c( w5 N! s7 b% a2 u
The AIDS epidemic offers an example. The broad goal, of course, is to end the + Y V! X* o* l8 F0 l
disease. The highest-leverage approach is prevention. The ideal technology wou
1 B6 P# _' K: ~) y& d9 {ld be a vaccine that gives lifetime immunity with a single dose. So government
8 \/ Q$ x: Y6 E. q2 R8 o9 es, drug companies, and foundations fund vaccine research. But their work is li ' U- S8 I& H- j$ J6 U* d1 F: A
kely to take more than a decade, so in the meantime, we have to work with what 8 S$ [( Q$ i; o% l N
we have in hand – and the best prevention approach we have now is getting pe - z7 o1 H2 D2 }0 L) o. ^$ k. N
ople to avoid risky behavior.
$ r' N5 V5 Z# Q6 J' F4 o
1 ?5 t+ L" Y. M. H- P" o! T- }艾滋病就是一个例子。总的目标,毫无疑问是消灭这种疾病。最高效的方法是预防。最理
& o; p- m. I7 Y想的技术是发明一种疫苗,只要注射一次,就可以终生免疫。所以,政府、制药公司、基 ( S0 c& w6 U! q9 P
金会应该资助疫苗研究。但是,这样研究工作很可能十年之内都无法完成。因此,与此同 8 y* D3 L% ^4 Z* P, t
时,我们必须使用现有的技术,目前最有效的预防方法就是设法让人们避免那些危险的行
' `; e9 H$ z3 }1 s为。 3 V |9 m1 ~# }' q( O
' ]5 `; G9 C( \4 e" I
Pursuing that goal starts the four-step cycle again. This is the pattern. The
* I( N' e) A; `- Lcrucial thing is to never stop thinking and working – and never do what we di $ B' j- [0 h1 X ?' r/ z" ^
d with malaria and tuberculosis in the 20th century – which is to surrender t 9 P8 \$ i6 P+ k w9 W- g
o complexity and quit. 2 ?, A. I; S) X
4 ~7 W1 G* q, M) D要实现这个新的目标,又可以采用新的四步循环。这是一种模式。关键的东西是永远不要 ) r9 G% p0 n7 s3 H q% O
停止思考和行动。我们千万不能再犯上个世纪在疟疾和肺结核上犯过的错误,那时我们因 # |, R" }/ e0 B4 R: P
为它们太复杂,而放弃了采取行动。 2 k# U, P- R6 S/ Y. I& h& P- K+ m
" B3 b" ?" ]' L7 T' S: f8 q9 W
The final step – after seeing the problem and finding an approach – is to me
: J6 |+ T0 g! \. b# s; @asure the impact of your work and share your successes and failures so that ot
6 T/ B6 G q' S* t9 ]9 h5 F. Vhers learn from your efforts.
; ?! V9 a6 I4 `- d
; o! X+ }3 ^# X( M在发现问题和找到解决方法之后,就是最后一步——评估工作结果,将你的成功经验或者
: ?1 d/ k2 J' _) e失败经验传播出去,这样其他人就可以从你的努力中有所收获。
1 L; B1 G3 W* y5 E! e
' W8 R- ~3 b+ Q3 R4 gYou have to have the statistics, of course. You have to be able to show that a
' [+ s3 ?" R$ c+ f) wprogram is vaccinating millions more children. You have to be able to show a
1 J* K5 H) M) J- C: tdecline in the number of children dying from these diseases. This is essential % u" D. N3 j5 O5 v: ?0 A
not just to improve the program, but also to help draw more investment from b
) { t- o7 b7 t, Z/ @: S9 P* U9 |usiness and government. 1 [2 x' ]; H1 D1 o( `% |" n
! T+ Q9 J- h7 _- B* }- \当然,你必须有一些统计数字。你必须让他人知道,你的项目为几百万儿童新接种了疫苗 0 L3 D; A" U R1 ]! Y4 W; S
。你也必须让他人知道,儿童死亡人数下降了多少。这些都是很关键的,不仅有利于改善
E1 h. Z: E1 B# Q项目效果,也有利于从商界和政府得到更多的帮助。
$ [9 G: m1 G8 {5 O" N
( f4 U0 s. L1 }7 F$ c; E& |But if you want to inspire people to participate, you have to show more than n 4 P( r) O0 a* @: G
umbers; you have to convey the human impact of the work – so people can feel
0 Y' f0 K- {) W1 Qwhat saving a life means to the families affected.
h+ L2 k9 R+ O& f
# @& Z1 {" V- N/ q, y$ Q但是,这些还不够,如果你想激励其他人参加你的项目,你就必须拿出更多的统计数字;
- ], m* y" h6 }% }2 ^2 c7 Y% n" Y你必须展示你的项目的人性因素,这样其他人就会感到拯救一个生命,对那些处在困境中 - Q3 @- C3 G/ j- i5 m8 E5 y
的家庭到底意味着什么。
# z A- F1 L6 y5 b/ S& p7 h/ r
% O- w( F7 e# Y- `, y0 XI remember going to Davos some years back and sitting on a global health panel
, b& K; ?1 Q) |) S( r1 ~# [2 kthat was discussing ways to save millions of lives. Millions! Think of the th
) j' q1 G/ A& w* q r& g) Z# mrill of saving just one person's life – then multiply that by millions. … Ye
! M" M3 s2 b- U$ Ut this was the most boring panel I've ever been on – ever. So boring even I c
# }# }7 w' B3 s5 M" [) x1 qouldn't bear it. : U& I: e6 \/ M3 G
: ]2 G* ]: @; ~. B
几年前,我去瑞士达沃斯旁听一个全球健康问题论坛,会议的内容有关于如何拯救几百万
z& _9 p6 T5 A" t. H5 A# a条生命。天哪,是几百万!想一想吧,拯救一个人的生命已经让人何等激动,现在你要把
& a% z9 e9 K) \& R+ _4 p这种激动再乘上几百万倍……但是,不幸的是,这是我参加过的最最乏味的论坛,乏味到 ' _9 ~( b$ s+ b, _
我无法强迫自己听下去。
E( l) Z1 K) Z8 z8 w) V5 _# H% F; u6 a# o
What made that experience especially striking was that I had just come from an 0 Z8 N1 i* f4 n. Q! o9 i$ e
event where we were introducing version 13 of some piece of software, and we 0 Z; G/ |4 ]: @- b" T
had people jumping and shouting with excitement. I love getting people excited
3 @+ R$ g; u0 I% g5 Labout software – but why can't we generate even more excitement for saving l ' d8 b# G. V8 [8 h
ives? $ c, J) F. G9 [; F+ C! P |" Q
$ e: M3 _! _8 M( B那次经历之所以让我难忘,是因为之前我们刚刚发布了一个软件的第13个版本,我们让观 / G0 B/ t& Z+ a- a6 e5 k
众激动得跳了起来,喊出了声。我喜欢人们因为软件而感到激动,那么我们为什么不能够 7 _5 _- [% c) C5 f! h
让人们因为能够拯救生命而感到更加激动呢? 5 M1 P5 o6 `- h4 P! U) s1 ^- ~/ t
' w+ {4 `0 v8 C: a$ m, s# h j
You can't get people excited unless you can help them see and feel the impact. 2 g2 h2 N7 v9 w5 |, B
And how you do that – is a complex question. $ M2 u/ A' O2 ?7 G' s2 M- U% i. T. U
2 g" `" j \% T3 S( q. y* z6 ~4 r除非你能够让人们看到或者感受到行动的影响力,否则你无法让人们激动。如何做到这一
! j: i/ ~" ]; s7 R8 a点,并不是一件简单的事。 . ]% m. W5 Q5 E' \7 x( I. ?
/ t% |! z0 g7 Q- K H# F" m
Still, I'm optimistic. Yes, inequity has been with us forever, but the new too
! j/ [. Z! k4 x! v9 t5 {# yls we have to cut through complexity have not been with us forever. They are n
" U; H/ G( p I' l' f7 Pew – they can help us make the most of our caring – and that's why the futur 8 f$ G# w0 z/ u7 V
e can be different from the past.
, E$ ^( C2 ?, f7 y6 W W3 u _. K$ M5 m% q' a! e4 W$ V- W- O
同前面一样,在这个问题上,我依然是乐观的。不错,人类的不平等有史以来一直存在,
3 C+ h& C C; p9 ^8 v1 E但是那些能够化繁为简的新工具,却是最近才出现的。这些新工具可以帮助我们,将人类 g( W3 a4 p' o
的同情心发挥最大的作用,这就是为什么将来同过去是不一样的。
$ @4 C- w2 H3 z% d" C. [" q3 K
/ b/ A/ g# {# f/ H8 JThe defining and ongoing innovations of this age – biotechnology, the compute
2 w2 v. f7 @* D) g6 x# sr, the Internet – give us a chance we've never had before to end extreme pove . _) x% K% g; ?# j
rty and end death from preventable disease.
1 C0 ?- a' O# G+ e$ d9 @, @# ^2 B- ?( y
这个时代无时无刻不在涌现出新的革新——生物技术,计算机,互联网——它们给了我们 " X' G8 N: q$ r. G
一个从未有过的机会,去终结那些极端的贫穷和非恶性疾病的死亡。
* B7 ?8 P% q1 Y& e' |' f7 i
/ A4 ~3 r5 n; X: d" l# O2 tSixty years ago, George Marshall came to this commencement and announced a pla 9 f% v7 g! I. {" I) t
n to assist the nations of post-war Europe. He said: "I think one difficulty i % Y& R4 n& i1 U* n+ F- _$ L! p; Z
s that the problem is one of such enormous complexity that the very mass of fa * K/ {7 e% o5 x8 A& x4 Z
cts presented to the public by press and radio make it exceedingly difficult f 2 m) g( u: j& U8 h- B% U, _. e0 N- n
or the man in the street to reach a clear appraisement of the situation. It is 9 j0 U0 S" A( o) G7 ]: q
virtually impossible at this distance to grasp at all the real significance o
' v% H- z# {1 T& l; wf the situation." 0 e) s8 q7 y7 X) X( s" x
3 g$ V2 ~: m/ V: _六十年前,乔治·马歇尔也是在这个地方的毕业典礼上,宣布了一个计划,帮助那些欧洲 8 S8 T6 }. Z2 Y: |$ E# P
国家的战后建设。他说:“我认为,困难的一点是这个问题太复杂,报纸和电台向公众源 . M) S6 A" w' X8 S- ^
源不断地提供各种事实,使得大街上的普通人极端难于清晰地判断形势。事实上,经过层
j8 N' k0 T" t3 y+ W: q6 i层传播,想要真正地把握形势,是根本不可能的。”
$ A) ]8 h. ?* a6 n) C$ T* ]2 p' c: o1 @% n* w8 y! n9 O- F B
Thirty years after Marshall made his address, as my class graduated without me
: D1 r5 v/ b2 x, technology was emerging that would make the world smaller, more open, more v $ s1 W8 k- w& q; B! p1 [
isible, less distant. 2 Z4 h/ K$ Y5 T6 `- ?2 z
' x1 x& v3 \2 `8 T1 Q0 f( [# _0 k: G2 V马歇尔发表这个演讲之后的三十年,我那一届学生毕业,当然我不在其中。那时,新技术
; s- _3 k; F% \1 l# r刚刚开始萌芽,它们将使得这个世界变得更小、更开放、更容易看到、距离更近。 8 T6 M7 ]# t) q ^& t! g9 q, _
0 `4 ^1 _# ? {9 n
The emergence of low-cost personal computers gave rise to a powerful network t 4 |; T8 J, b5 `7 A! m$ {9 d/ Y% `
hat has transformed opportunities for learning and communicating.
0 c9 T) G6 v' Q. h
3 y( n( H1 E( [+ A' N! e低成本的个人电脑的出现,使得一个强大的互联网有机会诞生,它为学习和交流提供了巨 3 S4 p2 O& H3 Z( d$ a: J+ _ \* x
大的机会。 * l% c8 G, x9 d5 |
; k! Q* [" e+ s3 ]' q3 d9 ~
The magical thing about this network is not just that it collapses distance an
* c- c( l* d! X& j% nd makes everyone your neighbor. It also dramatically increases the number of b
# p( r. t- I- i8 _: N; u( f) f* irilliant minds we can have working together on the same problem – and that sc - [$ d5 P" Z% E/ ?
ales up the rate of innovation to a staggering degree.
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网络的神奇之处,不仅仅是它缩短了物理距离,使得天涯若比邻。它还极大地增加了怀有
! c6 b$ t$ o; B* C7 z1 x0 `* P共同想法的人们聚集在一起的机会,我们可以为了解决同一个问题,一起共同工作。这就 0 D- ^6 ]6 }! N4 A
大大加快了革新的进程,发展速度简直快得让人震惊。 H/ O7 @3 k0 [3 e0 ]
, }+ R S+ u y1 ^ R2 b% BAt the same time, for every person in the world who has access to this technol ! _2 m1 G4 E" [) C4 q# {4 v! {! C
ogy, five people don't. That means many creative minds are left out of this di , m/ W$ r: {& j' X _$ E; q* n" U
scussion -- smart people with practical intelligence and relevant experience w ! x+ m7 _0 b5 T+ k9 W7 X3 ]; n n9 q8 [
ho don't have the technology to hone their talents or contribute their ideas t # U1 F7 m/ \9 {1 g% w- a/ j. c
o the world.
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& R: a" I% U. K2 Q) U与此同时,世界上有条件上网的人,只是全部人口的六分之一。这意味着,还有许多具有
" K2 w# X0 ~8 x8 X6 I& Y4 [3 s3 r创造性的人们,没有加入到我们的讨论中来。那些有着实际的操作经验和相关经历的聪明 $ V$ c1 P; T3 f% v8 b8 t4 r
人,却没有技术来帮助他们,将他们的天赋或者想法与全世界分享。 7 T7 b2 N/ Z+ B: ]8 B
/ m2 N- d# h C3 zWe need as many people as possible to have access to this technology, because
$ l- F' ^* P) B7 i: b0 _ l V' ?) X' z9 vthese advances are triggering a revolution in what human beings can do for one 6 a) n9 T$ B, U- e' ?4 i- j) I, S
another. They are making it possible not just for national governments, but f & s0 q& K6 s1 l; n* o) \
or universities, corporations, smaller organizations, and even individuals to
$ L! k5 e2 M @9 \/ H4 t7 I$ |& o/ Lsee problems, see approaches, and measure the impact of their efforts to addre 5 Z: B* s/ k( N6 R# K$ M
ss the hunger, poverty, and desperation George Marshall spoke of 60 years ago. ' T+ w9 O) R7 ~# g: ^/ f
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5 t2 U: f. P* A1 m# x
我们需要尽可能地让更多的人有机会使用新技术,因为这些新技术正在引发一场革命,人 + v7 w, K9 S" `% c8 N# T- d
类将因此可以互相帮助。新技术正在创造一种可能,不仅是政府,还包括大学、公司、小 ' Z/ ?7 h& @7 `7 U6 A; i
机构、甚至个人,能够发现问题所在、能够找到解决办法、能够评估他们努力的效果,去
- ^& L- e" A% u) S% d改变那些马歇尔六十年前就说到过的问题——饥饿、贫穷和绝望。
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Members of the Harvard Family: Here in the Yard is one of the great collection
) Q& g4 x z! [; is of intellectual talent in the world. 6 b' p$ [ D; g; G& I" _
) u/ ~* w9 s) } e3 U# ]% f哈佛是一个大家庭。这个院子里在场的人们,是全世界最有智力的人类群体之一。 $ [3 V' `, u, w
6 e- u5 Y& {8 m5 |What for? ' W K L# i. d9 f- t- D" P
5 A: a( B( z j/ K/ ?
我们可以做些什么? 0 n/ b: }) N+ U
8 `3 }8 A; @% T6 _- \3 f. B" DThere is no question that the faculty, the alumni, the students, and the benef ' ~5 A K2 g. |! E \
actors of Harvard have used their power to improve the lives of people here an / T- p5 f' M( V' m: G) F
d around the world. But can we do more? Can Harvard dedicate its intellect to
/ `$ C- K; t6 e& {improving the lives of people who will never even hear its name?
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, ^6 B/ G, Q# V: m毫无疑问,哈佛的老师、校友、学生和资助者,已经用他们的能力改善了全世界各地人们 0 M! ]& s W. r- a8 @. ^7 V' C
的生活。但是,我们还能够再做什么呢?有没有可能,哈佛的人们可以将他们的智慧,用
9 k( }4 J5 p! l来帮助那些甚至从来没有听到过“哈佛”这个名字的人? ) e7 b {6 b( ^* _
2 Q" B# s# c" ~' i/ ~
Let me make a request of the deans and the professors – the intellectual lead " l. T/ h" _/ w: s# h1 c9 h8 W- X
ers here at Harvard: As you hire new faculty, award tenure, review curriculum, 9 t6 H. f3 E$ e$ E) m( H
and determine degree requirements, please ask yourselves: , N8 S3 I. m) h, x+ V
8 L( I0 D" J( V9 j3 F0 r! n+ V! b
请允许我向各位院长和教授,提出一个请求——你们是哈佛的智力领袖,当你们雇用新的 8 v* g0 J3 j; I# u! f) e4 l
老师、授予终身教职、评估课程、决定学位颁发标准的时候,请问你们自己如下的问题: 6 u/ A# t K& L( ^7 @
4 s! U$ k/ f }$ g& ]
7 @2 p* S* \5 XShould our best minds be dedicated to solving our biggest problems? + @- F, U% U6 P9 C& I9 d4 N0 w# X
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我们最优秀的人才是否在致力于解决我们最大的问题?
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Should Harvard encourage its faculty to take on the world's worst inequities? ; c# J8 T9 s4 [6 B( v% v' M' k
Should Harvard students learn about the depth of global poverty … the prevale
& {% X+ \8 l9 \& I) k3 G; ~nce of world hunger … the scarcity of clean water …the girls kept out of sch 0 C6 ~" V* O5 s& D1 u$ X
ool … the children who die from diseases we can cure? 8 R' X8 E/ h* a: \& ^) ~, X) _
7 n }; H2 x7 s& w: ], q
哈佛是否鼓励她的老师去研究解决世界上最严重的不平等?哈佛的学生是否从全球那些极
% z2 y) N$ n$ J+ L端的贫穷中学到了什么……世界性的饥荒……清洁的水资源的缺乏……无法上学的女童… " W. \* c9 k9 s$ |
…死于非恶性疾病的儿童……哈佛的学生有没有从中学到东西?
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- j& {1 B. K* D% C$ v8 EShould the world's most privileged people learn about the lives of the world's
6 X- [7 t1 O; gleast privileged?
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6 C4 F+ c& R3 V5 D4 F那些世界上过着最优越生活的人们,有没有从那些最困难的人们身上学到东西? 8 |7 z2 z0 E& X+ r( W8 ^! m) j3 ]
# D: D, p8 y* F# f6 N7 [; ]These are not rhetorical questions – you will answer with your policies.
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1 l8 ?4 T+ S0 m4 x. x这些问题并非语言上的修辞。你必须用自己的行动来回答它们。
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My mother, who was filled with pride the day I was admitted here – never stop
- ]8 I6 [7 u# S1 X$ J1 Eped pressing me to do more for others. A few days before my wedding, she hoste - k5 k5 H0 u1 I# w4 s
d a bridal event, at which she read aloud a letter about marriage that she had
& ~$ a! ~: q% x! E$ Ewritten to Melinda. My mother was very ill with cancer at the time, but she s
# z+ n# A' f, N* K+ Y* zaw one more opportunity to deliver her message, and at the close of the letter
8 r; N" n" W9 K0 k! p2 I/ gshe said: "From those to whom much is given, much is expected."
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我的母亲在我被哈佛大学录取的那一天,曾经感到非常骄傲。她从没有停止督促我,去为
8 U0 f+ Q8 R/ ~4 a8 o. G9 T他人做更多的事情。在我结婚的前几天,她主持了一个新娘进我家的仪式。在这个仪式上 0 Y4 B8 t D# L4 e3 U
,她高声朗读了一封关于婚姻的信,这是她写给Melinda的。那时,我的母亲已经因为癌症 5 j: L* X- x2 v+ R, i6 a1 D
病入膏肓,但是她还是认为这是又一个传播她的信念的机会。在那封信的结尾,她写道:
4 i2 c& S6 B* s" J“对于那些接受了许多帮助的人们,他们还在期待更多的帮助。你的能力越大,人们对你
% E$ U. B; h; g4 ^ v4 H7 l: a J' w1 y的期望也就越大。” / R5 E& _. E+ N! @5 Y2 c7 p
$ U4 q4 O2 p, u8 c( V3 nWhen you consider what those of us here in this Yard have been given – in tal % ^( k* F, h' k( J& A7 C
ent, privilege, and opportunity – there is almost no limit to what the world 9 `+ t! W5 ~& V/ O! l& M; g* \
has a right to expect from us. . Z. \ {8 j$ M+ y1 s" E
% o+ |; T+ w J) W- r5 |想一想吧,我们在这个院子里的这些人,被给予过什么——天赋、特权、机遇——那么可 7 O+ D; E9 H3 u9 M& T8 b0 K
以这样说,全世界的人们几乎有无限的权力,期待我们做出贡献。 6 [& x1 h0 @: g0 f% g
6 @0 y3 ]+ l7 I0 y! K$ V
In line with the promise of this age, I want to exhort each of the graduates h
/ P5 z% V, _5 f7 lere to take on an issue – a complex problem, a deep inequity, and become a sp
( S) s X- d, J$ gecialist on it. If you make it the focus of your career, that would be phenome
) Y* Y( R3 D+ lnal. But you don't have to do that to make an impact. For a few hours every we 9 A" j- F! Z d
ek, you can use the growing power of the Internet to get informed, find others
4 M5 g7 c; h4 }9 m9 Z) q- x$ Hwith the same interests, see the barriers, and find ways to cut through them. ( o% z7 y4 A' \, T
0 x5 Y. F" Y3 j7 |( h1 ]( u1 N4 h. r) Y# O
同这个时代的期望一样,我也要向今天各位毕业的同学提出一个忠告:你们要选择一个问 - o& P- d0 a* X1 a. O: r4 \
题,一个复杂的问题,一个有关于人类深刻的不平等的问题,然后你们要变成这个问题的 5 D4 n7 l' H# O: {* \' I
专家。如果你们能够使得这个问题成为你们职业的核心,那么你们就会非常杰出。但是,
- v- t" [% T5 N6 X3 R你们不必一定要去做那些大事。每个星期只用几个小时,你就可以通过互联网得到信息,
9 e/ S6 [ t8 t% w找到志同道合的朋友,发现困难所在,找到解决它们的途径。
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Don't let complexity stop you. Be activists. Take on the big inequities. It wi
! A7 ^6 |5 l( @6 [ll be one of the great experiences of your lives.
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不要让这个世界的复杂性阻碍你前进。要成为一个行动主义者。将解决人类的不平等视为 . @ p+ C9 n: U
己任。它将成为你生命中最重要的经历之一。
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# p2 p2 h6 D wYou graduates are coming of age in an amazing time. As you leave Harvard, you E3 D2 d% M- i* J" M) S
have technology that members of my class never had. You have awareness of glob ) S8 t! ^7 }! _1 z$ q
al inequity, which we did not have. And with that awareness, you likely also h % Y( C$ {% C2 u
ave an informed conscience that will torment you if you abandon these people w ' ~6 c* p4 F7 U( `. r2 d
hose lives you could change with very little effort. You have more than we had : B( ? q6 k3 W( H# Y
; you must start sooner, and carry on longer.
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( v) p: ^" H1 z q* H6 k在座的各位毕业的同学,你们所处的时代是一个神奇的时代。当你们离开哈佛的时候,你 4 w7 z- @' ?. H6 a: M: \
们拥有的技术,是我们那一届学生所没有的。你们已经了解到了世界上的不平等,我们那
|4 k/ x, Q+ b, c1 U时还不知道这些。有了这样的了解之后,要是你再弃那些你可以帮助的人们于不顾,就将
% v& ?& b1 S2 ~# w9 L" i& _; v受到良心的谴责,只需一点小小的努力,你就可以改变那些人们的生活。你们比我们拥有
( W& v1 ~% h- C9 ~4 ^更大的能力;你们必须尽早开始,尽可能长时期坚持下去。
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7 R; @, Z2 g: c. m$ F- I; _Knowing what you know, how could you not? 6 X) ]% i4 Q1 a9 [3 t1 l
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知道了你们所知道的一切,你们怎么可能不采取行动呢? ; P7 P- Q. _4 A- X- ?
. L% n- |1 P# b; m2 F9 f( G( L$ i8 hAnd I hope you will come back here to Harvard 30 years from now and reflect on
! {( C* n8 z& @7 p% Zwhat you have done with your talent and your energy. I hope you will judge yo - {* y- X% |4 h" l+ S$ ]
urselves not on your professional accomplishments alone, but also on how well
9 [0 m k/ z9 pyou have addressed the world's deepest inequities … on how well you treated p
$ L, i: F( J" Q8 M) Q) k/ e) ?eople a world away who have nothing in common with you but their humanity.
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我希望,30年后你们还会再回到哈佛,想起你们用自己的天赋和能力所做出的一切。我希
! v" f+ n" q2 g6 G+ O望,在那个时候,你们用来评价自己的标准,不仅仅是你们的专业成就,而包括你们为改
, @* ?. [9 w* G变这个世界深刻的不平等所做出的努力,以及你们如何善待那些远隔千山万水、与你们毫 ; `3 {- O( P7 ]! U: i% o: ]
不涉及的人们,你们与他们唯一的共同点就是同为人类。 |
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