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2008-11-02 01:02:11 来自: lightpie(上次登录还是1.5年前.....) 6 A' I, ?6 V+ K6 ^" g
比尔·盖茨在哈佛大学毕业典礼上的演讲
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2007年6月7日 3 p" f4 Q. C; C
- {1 V& Z; n# D s: z! p' G阮一峰 译
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President Bok, former President Rudenstine, incoming President Faust, members
, {7 L- r( V/ K7 R x0 ]* wof the Harvard Corporation and the Board of Overseers, members of the faculty,
* y: y5 \3 s6 w# n# N* y) ?parents, and especially, the graduates: + i6 Z5 u* a4 T# z# Z+ M2 g
: L# v6 H/ _4 l; X7 j2 g+ ]- N尊敬的Bok校长,Rudenstine前校长,即将上任的Faust校长,哈佛集团的各位成员,监管 2 x. f' m0 y; `) l! e
理事会的各位理事,各位老师,各位家长,各位同学:
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* h+ R. B/ P ~# N/ ~1 NI've been waiting more than 30 years to say this: "Dad, I always told you I'd ( d0 u6 Q/ O+ r: Q% E
come back and get my degree." " H1 D. ~/ i! j+ J
9 ?% u8 j$ I w8 m有一句话我等了三十年,现在终于可以说了:“老爸,我总是跟你说,我会回来拿到我的 # M! w/ a* j5 h" C
学位的!”
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3 H# b6 j+ u1 o# i/ P( yI want to thank Harvard for this timely honor. I'll be changing my job next ye : x! M8 q$ A3 q. }1 ~
ar … and it will be nice to finally have a college degree on my resume. ' I5 S' L# R' e5 ^+ ^# {
# b8 A; ^6 O' r5 U$ X) |) b% y我要感谢哈佛大学在这个时候给我这个荣誉。明年,我就要换工作了(注:指从微软公司 % K9 S* j L: f
退休)……我终于可以在简历上写我有一个本科学位,这真是不错啊。
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9 C! [6 j. m3 N0 cI applaud the graduates today for taking a much more direct route to your degr
6 _1 ?% B9 R, ^; jees. For my part, I'm just happy that the Crimson has called me "Harvard's mos
- P0 n: U. P4 ^1 V+ z+ L5 kt successful dropout." I guess that makes me valedictorian of my own special c
, M5 E5 z0 {9 U, V$ N+ Olass … I did the best of everyone who failed. 2 e) }' I& V+ C, s) b3 x' k
& s! |) R2 d3 o我为今天在座的各位同学感到高兴,你们拿到学位可比我简单多了。哈佛的校报称我是“
* F X' g8 \4 C, O3 N I* w哈佛大学历史上最成功的辍学生”。我想这大概使我有资格代表我这一类学生发言……在 : `7 k' M" J* g3 x9 ~8 v
所有的失败者里,我做得最好。 - J# x+ F; b; _: e" ?
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But I also want to be recognized as the guy who got Steve Ballmer to drop out 6 Z! [* l) f' Z; I( q% P
of business school. I'm a bad influence. That's why I was invited to speak at
0 v2 P% _: S& C+ Vyour graduation. If I had spoken at your orientation, fewer of you might be he
5 {. ^& u1 H5 R- w7 ^( Jre today.
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但是,我还要提醒大家,我使得Steve Ballmer(注:微软总经理)也从哈佛商学院退学了 6 S o4 m i. q; D
。因此,我是个有着恶劣影响力的人。这就是为什么我被邀请来在你们的毕业典礼上演讲 . Q8 y/ R; H# j x
。如果我在你们入学欢迎仪式上演讲,那么能够坚持到今天在这里毕业的人也许会少得多 / v2 d- k, o, o! b2 M/ I
吧。 / X0 _* Z' I. u* T) t/ ~
9 H, c, o7 W) V0 t* l5 VHarvard was just a phenomenal experience for me. Academic life was fascinating " u5 W, l3 W6 d0 y7 y" A; ^
. I used to sit in on lots of classes I hadn't even signed up for. And dorm li
# O6 \* ?6 Q% n4 zfe was terrific. I lived up at Radcliffe, in Currier House. There were always
& w7 |: @5 ?3 `; O7 V! K( slots of people in my dorm room late at night discussing things, because everyo
. x# x% z, W$ R* Z! m" S. z$ Z! Z: Ene knew I didn't worry about getting up in the morning. That's how I came to b
$ `1 F8 f" ^- ?/ n. i5 h0 ue the leader of the anti-social group. We clung to each other as a way of vali
* e& v5 B0 u! z1 _dating our rejection of all those social people. K" y: @4 J' ]+ u$ u! U' M
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对我来说,哈佛的求学经历是一段非凡的经历。校园生活很有趣,我常去旁听我没选修的
4 W- C G" o0 H$ x) S5 z& b1 k课。哈佛的课外生活也很棒,我在Radcliffe过着逍遥自在的日子。每天我的寝室里总有很 4 N4 Z7 ]. P b9 P+ |: W. G
多人一直待到半夜,讨论着各种事情。因为每个人都知道我从不考虑第二天早起。这使得 ! H! I7 x: h9 E/ {
我变成了校园里那些不安分学生的头头,我们互相粘在一起,做出一种拒绝所有正常学生 5 }* N: ~" o1 n* v- a% T4 I
的姿态。
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Radcliffe was a great place to live. There were more women up there, and most
% f: t7 [4 t7 _% T; k+ n% h4 e! u. fof the guys were science-math types. That combination offered me the best odds
" J! q4 q/ b/ R, if you know what I mean. This is where I learned the sad lesson that improvi
7 O f) ]9 M0 z9 E) v2 L, d$ B% f$ Hng your odds doesn't guarantee success. $ M$ a8 E+ e% |1 p3 N
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Radcliffe是个过日子的好地方。那里的女生比男生多,而且大多数男生都是理工科的。这
( e7 ^; B5 ^% k8 U7 T% [/ c种状况为我创造了最好的机会,如果你们明白我的意思。可惜的是,我正是在这里学到了 # c+ T. g0 t2 B. g" h
人生中悲伤的一课:机会大,并不等于你就会成功。
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2 r4 b8 R; {; J4 O2 s) O5 l0 ^One of my biggest memories of Harvard came in January 1975, when I made a call
& C& G8 `5 E4 o X; nfrom Currier House to a company in Albuquerque that had begun making the worl
' x/ ?4 [1 D _d's first personal computers. I offered to sell them software.
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我在哈佛最难忘的回忆之一,发生在1975年1月。那时,我从宿舍楼里给位于Albuquerque % i; V( |7 _! I
的一家公司打了一个电话,那家公司已经在着手制造世界上第一台个人电脑。我提出想向 * P$ c4 ]. s0 v( C# k5 ^9 t
他们出售软件。 . v" J$ |9 J6 v% Q& q
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I worried that they would realize I was just a student in a dorm and hang up o
% d- c/ P" k9 E8 O0 d3 `/ ]- I7 Z8 Mn me. Instead they said: "We're not quite ready, come see us in a month," whic 3 @ w- t* G( y3 ]% b, q% ]
h was a good thing, because we hadn't written the software yet. From that mome
2 m% ~1 v$ y; y; }nt, I worked day and night on this little extra credit project that marked the
9 o( L3 p- V: Z6 o$ i% A) n. nend of my college education and the beginning of a remarkable journey with Mi
, b( m4 }- E1 y1 K; wcrosoft. ; H; p( z/ h% ^! K9 X: s6 O. [
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我很担心,他们会发觉我是一个住在宿舍的学生,从而挂断电话。但是他们却说:“我们
$ C& z5 \/ L7 `还没准备好,一个月后你再来找我们吧。”这是个好消息,因为那时软件还根本没有写出
4 [" Z1 U; _3 P/ u1 J% w' L6 r来呢。就是从那个时候起,我日以继夜地在这个小小的课外项目上工作,这导致了我学生 4 C, ~& @& }/ R/ F5 Q) }+ l
生活的结束,以及通往微软公司的不平凡的旅程的开始。
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What I remember above all about Harvard was being in the midst of so much ener 2 H$ _4 [. C6 j% f4 J
gy and intelligence. It could be exhilarating, intimidating, sometimes even di
8 D! g5 y$ u$ s9 bscouraging, but always challenging. It was an amazing privilege – and though
3 x: [8 s- G H' e$ p3 R. DI left early, I was transformed by my years at Harvard, the friendships I made
& {2 @$ D( m9 g& X, and the ideas I worked on.
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不管怎样,我对哈佛的回忆主要都与充沛的精力和智力活动有关。哈佛的生活令人愉快,
$ ^5 l; k" ~+ Y4 a+ R也令人感到有压力,有时甚至会感到泄气,但永远充满了挑战性。生活在哈佛是一种吸引
4 J# h$ [* Y$ L) B6 V! w4 E人的特殊待遇……虽然我离开得比较早,但是我在这里的经历、在这里结识的朋友、在这
( @3 C: P3 l+ F4 h) ^: N! N里发展起来的一些想法,永远地改变了我。 ) ^. m, k- X; O( ] e5 E/ u
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But taking a serious look back … I do have one big regret.
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, i! k- I% ]+ i W- H9 t/ {# y但是,如果现在严肃地回忆起来,我确实有一个真正的遗憾。 # r* o$ B6 w/ ^( R
+ c, O% T+ |, YI left Harvard with no real awareness of the awful inequities in the world – 5 [4 }- e/ n& K3 n4 D) t
the appalling disparities of health, and wealth, and opportunity that condemn 6 s5 x1 j; J2 x' J0 C2 e4 F
millions of people to lives of despair. % x; ?5 h* R8 J( ?" a5 S& m% T
, }7 g' b/ L$ ?$ T3 E/ e6 S我离开哈佛的时候,根本没有意识到这个世界是多么的不平等。人类在健康、财富和机遇
; [4 L. a7 B8 ~) z1 C: e上的不平等大得可怕,它们使得无数的人们被迫生活在绝望之中。
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, V6 q' p. i5 ZI learned a lot here at Harvard about new ideas in economics and politics. I g : S# _/ U0 }/ H e: ?+ }2 `1 E
ot great exposure to the advances being made in the sciences. ' X% X* I. _1 s5 e
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我在哈佛学到了很多经济学和政治学的新思想。我也了解了很多科学上的新进展。 # W% {+ n; E# x/ u# x t+ Y7 y- s
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But humanity's greatest advances are not in its discoveries – but in how thos 2 [; f7 q) d$ }( e/ d
e discoveries are applied to reduce inequity. Whether through democracy, stron
1 ~; y( K* n7 N2 ^! og public education, quality health care, or broad economic opportunity – redu
8 m! Q) p v+ P. \7 D ~) L0 vcing inequity is the highest human achievement. + x1 r& \# E3 P+ ^
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但是,人类最大的进步并不来自于这些发现,而是来自于那些有助于减少人类不平等的发 ' Q4 V1 ~$ o0 S- i5 z0 S/ ?
现。不管通过何种手段——民主制度、健全的公共教育体系、高质量的医疗保健、还是广 ( T; u! X$ d5 z
泛的经济机会——减少不平等始终是人类最大的成就。
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I left campus knowing little about the millions of young people cheated out of - P' ]8 {0 s, o. ]1 t5 r# x
educational opportunities here in this country. And I knew nothing about the
3 F, L" t: j* i& V7 Q2 tmillions of people living in unspeakable poverty and disease in developing cou + a( P" y! @' ^+ j( U
ntries.
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# A- A2 `/ D" O$ G4 R9 F6 H我离开校园的时候,根本不知道在这个国家里,有几百万的年轻人无法获得接受教育的机
6 e* d$ l0 u( b8 E7 ~# L会。我也不知道,发展中国家里有无数的人们生活在无法形容的贫穷和疾病之中。
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It took me decades to find out. 0 D1 Z U8 |0 ]/ N z, b
, m) \/ K C5 A' z' u我花了几十年才明白了这些事情。
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7 g# C; \# Y& X( \6 K, sYou graduates came to Harvard at a different time. You know more about the wor 6 l# H# T4 K2 h4 |+ F
ld's inequities than the classes that came before. In your years here, I hope 1 I5 o( g, s; O4 C
you've had a chance to think about how – in this age of accelerating technolo
6 }% \5 Q( v, L& Q& K3 o+ W1 cgy – we can finally take on these inequities, and we can solve them.
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在座的各位同学,你们是在与我不同的时代来到哈佛的。你们比以前的学生,更多地了解 1 b5 E; }' b+ A" F4 B* ]4 u
世界是怎样的不平等。在你们的哈佛求学过程中,我希望你们已经思考过一个问题,那就
' z4 _( L1 k* Z8 }% p, ^是在这个新技术加速发展的时代,我们怎样最终应对这种不平等,以及我们怎样来解决这
' z7 x }" p) q( q个问题。
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$ }5 e% K0 D: R8 SImagine, just for the sake of discussion, that you had a few hours a week and 4 c& i0 e" ?$ I& R- ~
a few dollars a month to donate to a cause – and you wanted to spend that tim 2 s& Q% y" s/ t
e and money where it would have the greatest impact in saving and improving li . t4 v" E& m- ?
ves. Where would you spend it? 0 T' s0 G) K4 \: {% q
( F5 y! x8 o0 `0 \% \) A( R" q1 z2 c% Q为了讨论的方便,请想象一下,假如你每个星期可以捐献一些时间、每个月可以捐献一些 4 I' {# `3 ? Y) c1 J# P% f$ ]
钱——你希望这些时间和金钱,可以用到对拯救生命和改善人类生活有最大作用的地方。
# P: z0 C" q l你会选择什么地方? " w2 b' I1 z3 ^) l" X9 P; ~& n+ I
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For Melinda and for me, the challenge is the same: how can we do the most good
; w8 J! C3 ]0 M. D1 dfor the greatest number with the resources we have.
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对Melinda(注:盖茨的妻子)和我来说,这也是我们面临的问题:我们如何能将我们拥有
5 `; R- f1 O8 m3 n2 g* ^$ k的资源发挥出最大的作用。 3 P% ]+ R2 f8 D1 O/ H- J& J
% h! U6 F3 ?" `4 h+ dDuring our discussions on this question, Melinda and I read an article about t 2 O" d- e# {, _' S2 d4 V0 d
he millions of children who were dying every year in poor countries from disea $ N4 F7 d0 w, ?5 i+ c
ses that we had long ago made harmless in this country. Measles, malaria, pneu
. m8 K) k7 c4 b; i" L( R: Smonia, hepatitis B, yellow fever. One disease I had never even heard of, rotav
" o5 w [+ v$ ~5 Jirus, was killing half a million kids each year – none of them in the United 2 O7 e5 `* [2 m; c( k G
States. / j7 @$ b+ a9 u C$ @9 ~ [- a
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在讨论过程中,Melinda和我读到了一篇文章,里面说在那些贫穷的国家,每年有数百万的 # q/ u2 s5 T5 l6 S4 D
儿童死于那些在美国早已不成问题的疾病。麻疹、疟疾、肺炎、乙型肝炎、黄热病、还有 - y* r# }. C* A
一种以前我从未听说过的轮状病毒,这些疾病每年导致50万儿童死亡,但是在美国一例死
' w/ b% _2 K0 n0 J: E. d; Q4 U亡病例也没有。
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We were shocked. We had just assumed that if millions of children were dying a 0 k7 V' G' y: Y. h
nd they could be saved, the world would make it a priority to discover and del
! x) n, b0 u0 z3 ]: ~! Diver the medicines to save them. But it did not. For under a dollar, there wer 3 n& Y! f- l4 X
e interventions that could save lives that just weren't being delivered.
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9 ]/ K9 p& I- f1 y# D我们被震惊了。我们想,如果几百万儿童正在死亡线上挣扎,而且他们是可以被挽救的, $ S6 q$ ]: l. X' h5 z# d' t
那么世界理应将用药物拯救他们作为头等大事。但是事实并非如此。那些价格还不到一美
9 X2 V" I/ |* R+ e" m元的救命的药剂,并没有送到他们的手中。 : O+ o1 j' G- j
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If you believe that every life has equal value, it's revolting to learn that s 1 m4 E" i* B( K. s7 {
ome lives are seen as worth saving and others are not. We said to ourselves: "
+ M' k O* X4 V( K0 h- V: ?This can't be true. But if it is true, it deserves to be the priority of our g
?. M4 b \/ m( M, k; y$ v5 y: Iiving."
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; c, t; ^$ x4 N如果你相信每个生命都是平等的,那么当你发现某些生命被挽救了,而另一些生命被放弃 7 J0 f' _/ c9 J
了,你会感到无法接受。我们对自己说:“事情不可能如此。如果这是真的,那么它理应
* d' v, r1 P! M* P是我们努力的头等大事。” / v- B$ k! S- r' x7 o
% [1 O) D5 |- z" v: s/ j. uSo we began our work in the same way anyone here would begin it. We asked: "Ho
4 `* Q* ~ e! \6 Fw could the world let these children die?"
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( |: E! }/ G" f, y+ U: y) i+ j所以,我们用任何人都会想到的方式开始工作。我们问:“这个世界怎么可以眼睁睁看着 0 w5 n' _! M8 U7 r/ o
这些孩子死去?” % ~# {+ o6 }' A: R: W
2 E0 G" M, u6 `2 e; d4 @; |The answer is simple, and harsh. The market did not reward saving the lives of
( ]2 W( N7 [0 ?6 y+ F$ v; Zthese children, and governments did not subsidize it. So the children died be
, G$ n# f& Z2 Y! B- ?# @9 A; scause their mothers and their fathers had no power in the market and no voice
7 R* y2 M$ \6 R: K" _$ a5 Q$ vin the system. 3 O. W0 X4 a) n, h* s: p, \! `6 ~
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答案很简单,也很令人难堪。在市场经济中,拯救儿童是一项没有利润的工作,政府也不
. i: I8 x" }" |" t会提供补助。这些儿童之所以会死亡,是因为他们的父母在经济上没有实力,在政治上没
( H# U1 ?$ E9 w# @, R5 F有能力发出声音。 + j7 A9 C4 x3 G7 B5 j
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But you and I have both. 4 h0 _0 F* O% ^$ a, i5 Z
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但是,你们和我在经济上有实力,在政治上能够发出声音。 c* \/ H' \' c3 p5 ?, Q% s* K
/ c7 X3 I0 A1 X( q$ I4 a/ v9 E3 bWe can make market forces work better for the poor if we can develop a more cr
2 `, B0 ]' B# neative capitalism – if we can stretch the reach of market forces so that more
) ]; `7 b5 @8 H% F0 w$ Speople can make a profit, or at least make a living, serving people who are s 1 N% f/ Z: |4 \3 |6 G
uffering from the worst inequities. We also can press governments around the w
( t5 Q. U# X2 C1 jorld to spend taxpayer money in ways that better reflect the values of the peo
' e, v& n7 T4 y/ W1 Rple who pay the taxes. 0 Z, ]7 m2 b+ f, G) E
+ n. V' c& @, j* i
我们可以让市场更好地为穷人服务,如果我们能够设计出一种更有创新性的资本主义制度
1 ~6 @& k0 ^ G: ~0 j( k9 |0 ?4 {——如果我们可以改变市场,让更多的人可以获得利润,或者至少可以维持生活——那么 . H1 w# k0 }9 Y" m! I% h' [
,这就可以帮到那些正在极端不平等的状况中受苦的人们。我们还可以向全世界的政府施
! }3 Z$ p4 R Q压,要求他们将纳税人的钱,花到更符合纳税人价值观的地方。 & ]. D+ }# {: z; |% _0 e
3 s' L# T: K- B! E7 PIf we can find approaches that meet the needs of the poor in ways that generat ! s1 L: A7 u' J( w$ n
e profits for business and votes for politicians, we will have found a sustain
7 j% J- I- p' F% D5 Dable way to reduce inequity in the world. This task is open-ended. It can neve
7 m( ~4 L4 C+ f, O u) ]r be finished. But a conscious effort to answer this challenge will change the
7 k& z# \" d6 @9 w8 I3 fworld. Q, P* ^1 D' O$ f' [* ~; W
7 y, G- K- ^8 I4 v9 l7 ~) n$ g
如果我们能够找到这样一种方法,既可以帮到穷人,又可以为商人带来利润,为政治家带
$ h7 }- f% P2 A2 K, t来选票,那么我们就找到了一种减少世界性不平等的可持续的发展道路。这个任务是无限 ) r7 } @' A' v) C6 b# ^: J* a0 d l
的。它不可能被完全完成,但是任何自觉地解决这个问题的尝试,都将会改变这个世界。 e5 U4 N% o% `# c
5 O( ~8 l; n9 f) y6 n3 D; J; }9 X3 [5 j* K' G: n
I am optimistic that we can do this, but I talk to skeptics who claim there is
% W d9 ^! E6 Q; M- U/ U# Zno hope. They say: "Inequity has been with us since the beginning, and will b
2 d1 |. Y, B. g j) X5 O* Oe with us till the end – because people just … don't … care." I completely
|3 i4 A8 R# qdisagree. p; F( D! @! u5 B$ R0 ]
7 q4 S ~4 k$ O5 j; k: p% |
在这个问题上,我是乐观的。但是,我也遇到过那些感到绝望的怀疑主义者。他们说:“ 0 w/ t; } N7 v( r }8 N! h
不平等从人类诞生的第一天就存在,到人类灭亡的最后一天也将存在。——因为人类对这
' ^9 b. x g" Q6 I# p& Q7 L; H个问题根本不在乎。”我完全不能同意这种观点。
9 G7 ^$ L, W0 q+ J+ M# g3 \ b$ G) C {1 {& b
I believe we have more caring than we know what to do with.
6 O* n& l, b( D) Z0 F3 q+ B$ P$ F
* Y1 P1 ^5 U7 L2 V我相信,问题不是我们不在乎,而是我们不知道怎么做。
. _; J4 x! d% n0 L* d9 h: i8 ?- u* L8 B! y8 d8 Z- @; m% T
All of us here in this Yard, at one time or another, have seen human tragedies % X6 J4 w! t) F3 t. ?
that broke our hearts, and yet we did nothing – not because we didn't care, 0 G% Q% A4 H4 ?( a4 d" {
but because we didn't know what to do. If we had known how to help, we would h 1 g. {) d9 H5 n9 o
ave acted.
7 }5 R. {: X* U6 s7 G& b" N& o( q M- |0 |# x) e* ^
此刻在这个院子里的所有人,生命中总有这样或那样的时刻,目睹人类的悲剧,感到万分
7 @% _3 ?1 d2 \1 A, n+ K5 S: h2 R伤心。但是我们什么也没做,并非我们无动于衷,而是因为我们不知道做什么和怎么做。
q/ O A2 ^: S+ F& J6 q如果我们知道如何做是有效的,那么我们就会采取行动。 " S" r" a' {3 }* `" p0 \: L2 M' H
! t: D! @8 e7 |9 l5 GThe barrier to change is not too little caring; it is too much complexity.
6 a( R0 K8 s- H; k8 \, a! N5 g! ? K( N K% j
改变世界的阻碍,并非人类的冷漠,而是世界实在太复杂。
$ s# F4 W) [" d0 g5 X) [: D& @3 f9 G. c$ n7 J2 `. G& Z/ @& t
To turn caring into action, we need to see a problem, see a solution, and see
5 V# G) _7 l9 M% o$ M7 H7 m% x& wthe impact. But complexity blocks all three steps.
3 f; K; _! C: U0 B, Z3 n" y" |" u4 O$ V. A! p$ h
为了将关心转变为行动,我们需要找到问题,发现解决办法的方法,评估后果。但是世界 , K' _& F2 N* K5 R4 ]! {, x
的复杂性使得所有这些步骤都难于做到。 % o$ y) v# P+ R3 j! t
7 e' \. z. v0 V# J0 L
Even with the advent of the Internet and 24-hour news, it is still a complex e $ N S8 k& j6 L
nterprise to get people to truly see the problems. When an airplane crashes, o , O# }9 v+ r7 X9 v& f8 @
fficials immediately call a press conference. They promise to investigate, det
' a/ q2 r& o4 t$ d1 W9 Q$ P; Jermine the cause, and prevent similar crashes in the future. + C9 J G6 g: g9 F2 H
7 _ j2 k6 S" K! t即使有了互联网和24小时直播的新闻台,让人们真正发现问题所在,仍然十分困难。当一
0 u! y3 V. V, Z- F- G架飞机坠毁了,官员们会立刻召开新闻发布会,他们承诺进行调查、找到原因、防止将来 / o- s3 P# V0 `/ m) I
再次发生类似事故。
8 m; x3 v8 R( y7 g1 T7 H- k: L
8 ~; y8 Y" S; I# t1 j0 _But if the officials were brutally honest, they would say: "Of all the people
5 T% V: Y6 j$ |; U- w8 v, u% Sin the world who died today from preventable causes, one half of one percent o + t' e N J$ d" Z+ K8 \2 ]
f them were on this plane. We're determined to do everything possible to solve
7 `, F7 e0 t) l; x7 y- E+ m- Bthe problem that took the lives of the one half of one percent." K, ?6 I! i, s
0 A% C& R" ?7 f0 }6 |& y
但是如果那些官员敢说真话,他们就会说:“在今天这一天,全世界所有可以避免的死亡 $ J) {( {' s' f! o) p1 O+ |
之中,只有0.5%的死者来自于这次空难。我们决心尽一切努力,调查这个0.5%的死亡原因 2 L1 j/ B) b+ L% E9 k
。” . A. T. }& E1 H: \3 }
/ b$ b. p/ i- I2 C- `The bigger problem is not the plane crash, but the millions of preventable dea 2 N9 Z+ G) L1 b. m6 d& U
ths.
" a2 ?3 j- K4 S* {" `' I9 k6 U9 g C: H$ e% W/ o- m1 V
显然,更重要的问题不是这次空难,而是其他几百万可以预防的死亡事件。 + o* e% k3 u& ]
3 V5 I( l: S6 Q6 WWe don't read much about these deaths. The media covers what's new – and mill
. D& O, g d( v6 J, rions of people dying is nothing new. So it stays in the background, where it's
7 l0 Z- {& ~$ @. w6 Deasier to ignore. But even when we do see it or read about it, it's difficult ' `0 p! b* E2 \4 b5 C& A) U$ ?
to keep our eyes on the problem. It's hard to look at suffering if the situat
7 e- f8 |: ~8 R" T9 V0 C4 `ion is so complex that we don't know how to help. And so we look away. 2 \3 ~3 K; a5 y
7 B& x$ r, |6 P( P& e! z. _+ I
我们并没有很多机会了解那些死亡事件。媒体总是报告新闻,几百万人将要死去并非新闻 6 \. Y4 g% _* W- W' C" J$ \
。如果没有人报道,那么这些事件就很容易被忽视。另一方面,即使我们确实目睹了事件 2 T3 Z* ?2 l/ z* d8 \0 o9 d: y
本身或者看到了相关报道,我们也很难持续关注这些事件。看着他人受苦是令人痛苦的,
3 c! F1 P( a& ^$ z3 [# T$ c) c+ \! L5 O何况问题又如此复杂,我们根本不知道如何去帮助他人。所以我们会将脸转过去。 ; p) W: ]8 W) v3 D& w6 s/ d
5 F7 J1 G5 t, R
If we can really see a problem, which is the first step, we come to the second : ]) g, P1 M1 O3 s& d8 n( J8 j; H. |$ ?
step: cutting through the complexity to find a solution. ! K3 N/ f2 `( I1 ^' P8 ~; p2 s$ p
3 v6 ]/ m9 u# m$ F+ b$ b就算我们真正发现了问题所在,也不过是迈出了第一步,接着还有第二步:那就是从复杂
2 }; D# H, y% h( n$ G5 U. s的事件中找到解决办法。
3 r% [% J' W1 O# C7 l9 U& ~0 U, Z6 }# z( V
Finding solutions is essential if we want to make the most of our caring. If w
- t# Q( z1 z$ {% H& Z1 S9 n# Re have clear and proven answers anytime an organization or individual asks "Ho
. t) s! T' E5 c) Y0 Vw can I help?," then we can get action – and we can make sure that none of th ( z4 X: k5 n4 ?: B
e caring in the world is wasted. But complexity makes it hard to mark a path o
1 q$ z! ~5 G; x4 ^4 w2 z8 G5 ] `! W3 Pf action for everyone who cares — and that makes it hard for their caring to
7 d* C, X" g& P) ^0 _ x9 Fmatter.
, K9 ~4 k( A/ q) n9 M: K$ O% k$ W( F! G# p
如果我们要让关心落到实处,我们就必须找到解决办法。如果我们有一个清晰的和可靠的
4 Y+ p3 J: B$ |* [$ j, ?7 r答案,那么当任何组织和个人发出疑问“如何我能提供帮助”的时候,我们就能采取行动
* V3 k" f0 l0 o' v$ j。我们就能够保证不浪费一丁点全世界人类对他人的关心。但是,世界的复杂性使得很难
' Y I/ D; n5 i7 i% N找到对全世界每一个有爱心的人都有效的行动方法,因此人类对他人的关心往往很难产生 9 M/ c+ x- d: I, x W5 D( ^1 t
实际效果。
" Z- b% |* S2 e! |2 T* ?, B- H4 L3 L
Cutting through complexity to find a solution runs through four predictable st 9 w2 k- C8 w, ^5 h6 ]9 I; J$ r
ages: determine a goal, find the highest-leverage approach, discover the ideal
" R6 ]. b2 g4 I- Q9 X! Mtechnology for that approach, and in the meantime, make the smartest applicat
* r# H9 F: W4 `' Q6 {2 q3 ]ion of the technology that you already have — whether it's something sophisti ( V" A0 d/ {" ]! n* L
cated, like a drug, or something simpler, like a bednet.
1 h, C( E& H- s9 c. Z
# i+ S+ G$ y$ h5 G& `从这个复杂的世界中找到解决办法,可以分为四个步骤:确定目标,找到最高效的方法,
2 f4 T% w9 O7 J, ]发现适用于这个方法的新技术,同时最聪明地利用现有的技术,不管它是复杂的药物,还
" E& u- M. n: N5 T) g8 h) |$ e是最简单的蚊帐。 * u1 a. ^3 j; U( f
1 W/ B$ o' @: W* A1 AThe AIDS epidemic offers an example. The broad goal, of course, is to end the
3 _1 D L" B3 H# W- Ldisease. The highest-leverage approach is prevention. The ideal technology wou ' g7 N/ ?7 k; Y8 l2 B: I
ld be a vaccine that gives lifetime immunity with a single dose. So government - e3 w& ^' Q u) G8 m6 V1 \4 l
s, drug companies, and foundations fund vaccine research. But their work is li , Z* _2 r* ]4 J/ [ H4 a
kely to take more than a decade, so in the meantime, we have to work with what
: b& ^# ?5 x* M5 I; k4 Hwe have in hand – and the best prevention approach we have now is getting pe
- o$ a0 _; R3 T M4 u4 Iople to avoid risky behavior.
7 a' Z0 M0 v/ z# i3 Z! P N+ m% }3 a$ G
艾滋病就是一个例子。总的目标,毫无疑问是消灭这种疾病。最高效的方法是预防。最理
! @+ f" s" C4 R9 K4 L4 B想的技术是发明一种疫苗,只要注射一次,就可以终生免疫。所以,政府、制药公司、基
$ }; p: `4 y. v金会应该资助疫苗研究。但是,这样研究工作很可能十年之内都无法完成。因此,与此同
! l. D. e6 Z# W" Y% k6 {$ p时,我们必须使用现有的技术,目前最有效的预防方法就是设法让人们避免那些危险的行 0 R0 F9 Y) m% E) e& V+ ~$ P
为。 `! W( T7 v: \' g! R9 |8 F
# W6 g/ s; f* ~/ o+ A0 dPursuing that goal starts the four-step cycle again. This is the pattern. The 0 f3 a& e% D! @: x1 h
crucial thing is to never stop thinking and working – and never do what we di
! s* b2 S( l& @d with malaria and tuberculosis in the 20th century – which is to surrender t
5 P) W9 U( R2 X! h2 Ao complexity and quit. $ ^9 o- h& I1 |8 T4 r, v) z% r3 G
0 E2 Y2 Q# D* k+ t要实现这个新的目标,又可以采用新的四步循环。这是一种模式。关键的东西是永远不要 + }/ w s6 H9 s9 |: d# v! p
停止思考和行动。我们千万不能再犯上个世纪在疟疾和肺结核上犯过的错误,那时我们因
# c' h! k0 k# M/ Z% [3 d! P为它们太复杂,而放弃了采取行动。 ' @& L9 t# |! O' [ h9 X
1 t% S/ y$ C s9 ^
The final step – after seeing the problem and finding an approach – is to me
7 ]# S5 g5 k3 h- z6 Masure the impact of your work and share your successes and failures so that ot ! ^4 B: A/ F0 w6 i5 }
hers learn from your efforts. 6 U$ F8 ~. ^1 e0 V
+ ~5 h y2 Q5 ^' c$ M0 ]: |+ o
在发现问题和找到解决方法之后,就是最后一步——评估工作结果,将你的成功经验或者
- F( M$ e, v! h* M+ ]" t失败经验传播出去,这样其他人就可以从你的努力中有所收获。
& F @3 `8 D4 `
( f4 s) l% A5 o+ l3 B3 YYou have to have the statistics, of course. You have to be able to show that a 0 ]4 G% ]% _9 T& X+ z, V
program is vaccinating millions more children. You have to be able to show a
3 w8 T% Q, L0 Y; B! p3 I1 S' |decline in the number of children dying from these diseases. This is essential ) y9 I6 f/ | ]* x
not just to improve the program, but also to help draw more investment from b - w) T8 G7 G3 w! V8 f
usiness and government. 0 I- o8 O. w5 \3 R6 D
4 z5 G* i, b9 ~/ _3 u9 C' c# Y当然,你必须有一些统计数字。你必须让他人知道,你的项目为几百万儿童新接种了疫苗
' ^( c9 Q) o k2 d。你也必须让他人知道,儿童死亡人数下降了多少。这些都是很关键的,不仅有利于改善
6 m! h0 U. B7 m2 H: d& H项目效果,也有利于从商界和政府得到更多的帮助。 5 [' Z8 k- P4 h9 E; E
0 e" j$ `: c, @8 o0 \
But if you want to inspire people to participate, you have to show more than n
3 ~1 T: _$ P! m- t9 zumbers; you have to convey the human impact of the work – so people can feel
: Q$ V6 T& g, L: P% ?( hwhat saving a life means to the families affected.
( V$ V! O4 d3 h4 v
! `$ n& j4 p8 p3 M1 t但是,这些还不够,如果你想激励其他人参加你的项目,你就必须拿出更多的统计数字; 6 d* Q; g! Y# M+ W, W+ j- H
你必须展示你的项目的人性因素,这样其他人就会感到拯救一个生命,对那些处在困境中 ) s5 M! p) Z! s+ n- B
的家庭到底意味着什么。
' E6 i$ Y# c# R; E
# }5 p1 a% y; `& N( tI remember going to Davos some years back and sitting on a global health panel
5 u j p6 E* i5 _ o# a5 Vthat was discussing ways to save millions of lives. Millions! Think of the th : C6 r Y7 C5 {# s
rill of saving just one person's life – then multiply that by millions. … Ye . Z- F2 f4 j/ Y8 ~' ?4 Z& J
t this was the most boring panel I've ever been on – ever. So boring even I c + m- ]1 B; @4 f. `9 a* m* @
ouldn't bear it.
' q1 f7 c- r' R2 c5 u1 S: U" Z: L9 T( A, o4 ~: A1 w6 W7 R" Y$ n6 e
几年前,我去瑞士达沃斯旁听一个全球健康问题论坛,会议的内容有关于如何拯救几百万 6 d# s; P& t$ b
条生命。天哪,是几百万!想一想吧,拯救一个人的生命已经让人何等激动,现在你要把
6 A. C8 B# V5 e; i6 l, T这种激动再乘上几百万倍……但是,不幸的是,这是我参加过的最最乏味的论坛,乏味到
* ]+ E- P p- h7 R" P) `9 M- Y* F我无法强迫自己听下去。 l+ l* F7 E5 y1 m
: Z9 m' T3 G) _% g
What made that experience especially striking was that I had just come from an
& m( ?* ^' ^& Y* A) {event where we were introducing version 13 of some piece of software, and we : a# u! s) T1 y3 c
had people jumping and shouting with excitement. I love getting people excited - S m3 j! S! e- u* A
about software – but why can't we generate even more excitement for saving l
, V! j& E# c5 A) _' i/ v+ eives? 5 {8 g9 h; e" v2 ~1 l$ x/ s y+ c
k5 {5 P1 i7 b3 B9 S# y
那次经历之所以让我难忘,是因为之前我们刚刚发布了一个软件的第13个版本,我们让观 ) I: g/ u3 L2 T5 v, \
众激动得跳了起来,喊出了声。我喜欢人们因为软件而感到激动,那么我们为什么不能够 ! `) G- h3 C" j6 G4 N1 O
让人们因为能够拯救生命而感到更加激动呢?
' H, ?& {2 u3 {- D* t% _ ?' s- D, y" r1 R6 w1 h+ d g
You can't get people excited unless you can help them see and feel the impact. & C9 q: R- w/ m8 ^- Z1 k. `
And how you do that – is a complex question. 1 Z3 C" x! O8 x4 H' c% y
5 ^* [) s% a' v2 F; }6 x) j除非你能够让人们看到或者感受到行动的影响力,否则你无法让人们激动。如何做到这一
/ D3 M/ K) _6 P( n, c9 x$ B8 ^点,并不是一件简单的事。 0 F$ I9 H4 M9 |" J* H
* z/ ~' W& t, FStill, I'm optimistic. Yes, inequity has been with us forever, but the new too . K4 w5 C% L. N: {
ls we have to cut through complexity have not been with us forever. They are n
9 A) I1 d( D5 X) m. H; Y' F7 Aew – they can help us make the most of our caring – and that's why the futur 5 T& |& n* J3 Z3 G0 F1 O& @8 w
e can be different from the past. 2 B% e/ F* Y# O5 v6 H, V% L
2 g& @0 Y* k7 O0 f) ~4 x
同前面一样,在这个问题上,我依然是乐观的。不错,人类的不平等有史以来一直存在,
: B a: b( h$ T- Q但是那些能够化繁为简的新工具,却是最近才出现的。这些新工具可以帮助我们,将人类 3 ?0 U% d$ g8 ~- a' d* Z- y
的同情心发挥最大的作用,这就是为什么将来同过去是不一样的。
/ ^% P N z/ G" d) @
. U$ g2 e4 A8 [1 B7 nThe defining and ongoing innovations of this age – biotechnology, the compute # N( N8 g' w: r. P- a
r, the Internet – give us a chance we've never had before to end extreme pove 5 b* S/ B0 w7 d: j7 O
rty and end death from preventable disease.
& t) _% w+ F+ | A& b; G" D9 ]7 j! @: {8 W/ s$ @5 J
这个时代无时无刻不在涌现出新的革新——生物技术,计算机,互联网——它们给了我们
3 G0 H+ R( S7 Q( a9 D# n! I/ }1 O一个从未有过的机会,去终结那些极端的贫穷和非恶性疾病的死亡。 # O/ B6 F. Y4 [* {
1 U. M4 ^& S/ O" m/ ]
Sixty years ago, George Marshall came to this commencement and announced a pla
) A3 ]' h% U* S9 xn to assist the nations of post-war Europe. He said: "I think one difficulty i
' {- g! E* G0 r% V2 is that the problem is one of such enormous complexity that the very mass of fa
" }' Z T6 l6 c! b' ]cts presented to the public by press and radio make it exceedingly difficult f ; l- e" B5 ~; |! p. o! r8 O
or the man in the street to reach a clear appraisement of the situation. It is
! l. U4 R5 @: V% ?7 Bvirtually impossible at this distance to grasp at all the real significance o 7 s; }2 h' _4 i8 ]$ `
f the situation."
! Y7 K6 R6 E/ `8 W. r
# M8 }5 c$ z) V4 L六十年前,乔治·马歇尔也是在这个地方的毕业典礼上,宣布了一个计划,帮助那些欧洲 % M8 }& L5 X5 {) _
国家的战后建设。他说:“我认为,困难的一点是这个问题太复杂,报纸和电台向公众源 ( k7 X3 b" G- _! d$ O
源不断地提供各种事实,使得大街上的普通人极端难于清晰地判断形势。事实上,经过层
& v s. a$ v' X层传播,想要真正地把握形势,是根本不可能的。”
0 Q/ g. _0 X) O7 J8 @- T& V+ O: f2 Q6 \# V( s* X$ ^2 x% ^
Thirty years after Marshall made his address, as my class graduated without me
* z( `" ?8 Z- |! o; e/ g# {, technology was emerging that would make the world smaller, more open, more v
& Y( c7 o v1 |/ W ]isible, less distant.
7 r$ b/ X5 h% Q7 n6 p1 ^. \5 k! V7 l; \1 y) t7 a' v( D/ J
马歇尔发表这个演讲之后的三十年,我那一届学生毕业,当然我不在其中。那时,新技术 * {2 f, a& w: ]; E! R( v9 T
刚刚开始萌芽,它们将使得这个世界变得更小、更开放、更容易看到、距离更近。 & P; ~! y+ |- t& u
) A% V3 s# I, J: e
The emergence of low-cost personal computers gave rise to a powerful network t % ~) N. M; o4 C, F! x
hat has transformed opportunities for learning and communicating.
, P7 l) j* f' t4 A! @) P0 b, O L9 ?7 L( Q5 u) X6 o
低成本的个人电脑的出现,使得一个强大的互联网有机会诞生,它为学习和交流提供了巨 $ f( {2 h* G. O: I1 l4 a1 O k
大的机会。
# }$ ]) q4 G7 G1 c9 `9 b, S5 W7 x3 g' N ]# e- J6 j W* ]
The magical thing about this network is not just that it collapses distance an
2 E$ z( W. ~, z; s8 td makes everyone your neighbor. It also dramatically increases the number of b
# N3 r9 ~( Z- L4 @rilliant minds we can have working together on the same problem – and that sc $ x/ q9 b% h% n0 r
ales up the rate of innovation to a staggering degree. / [0 G/ ~, L0 n q7 l
% j4 G) W5 z2 M
网络的神奇之处,不仅仅是它缩短了物理距离,使得天涯若比邻。它还极大地增加了怀有
* r1 `/ p" F, M共同想法的人们聚集在一起的机会,我们可以为了解决同一个问题,一起共同工作。这就 ( K7 f1 h% d% @$ F
大大加快了革新的进程,发展速度简直快得让人震惊。
! u0 e) d6 R: r# z1 E9 O% z k8 a+ t
At the same time, for every person in the world who has access to this technol 2 Q& g2 |- N3 n5 K( f. ], }7 Y( X# H
ogy, five people don't. That means many creative minds are left out of this di
" e, q( N! D: R2 P. n8 ` escussion -- smart people with practical intelligence and relevant experience w
, F3 Z& \% v) e: X5 d; _( Fho don't have the technology to hone their talents or contribute their ideas t 1 k; b* H6 X/ M _
o the world. 4 p8 r4 v. c4 O+ s5 S
+ p. m8 ?3 W, N+ v9 X与此同时,世界上有条件上网的人,只是全部人口的六分之一。这意味着,还有许多具有 ) m, |* h- |2 O3 q! d
创造性的人们,没有加入到我们的讨论中来。那些有着实际的操作经验和相关经历的聪明
, B5 U% z4 g: h' ]2 A) q# M人,却没有技术来帮助他们,将他们的天赋或者想法与全世界分享。 4 O) E) c k8 P0 e" |7 x
4 `, W4 |6 W5 m
We need as many people as possible to have access to this technology, because 2 ~1 X; [: Q7 m' M2 x" p& f
these advances are triggering a revolution in what human beings can do for one
6 Q! t, S3 j m; Lanother. They are making it possible not just for national governments, but f
8 f1 U4 z! G# D, Yor universities, corporations, smaller organizations, and even individuals to 6 B/ B& H! e2 t E" B8 m" W
see problems, see approaches, and measure the impact of their efforts to addre * Y6 `! S' I; q; T6 s# T, ?% Y
ss the hunger, poverty, and desperation George Marshall spoke of 60 years ago. . ? B6 r _+ c: i2 {
1 L( `* D! }- g; m5 K9 q0 q
0 t) g6 t* H" O5 S
我们需要尽可能地让更多的人有机会使用新技术,因为这些新技术正在引发一场革命,人 V; }0 [: N+ H( E. j1 [* a
类将因此可以互相帮助。新技术正在创造一种可能,不仅是政府,还包括大学、公司、小
; E" K4 i; P) C( [. `机构、甚至个人,能够发现问题所在、能够找到解决办法、能够评估他们努力的效果,去 6 }5 E2 E6 m1 d) @* }8 M: M4 N, Z
改变那些马歇尔六十年前就说到过的问题——饥饿、贫穷和绝望。 " d$ k2 \, S8 n+ H
& R6 g) A9 | v( \3 G; yMembers of the Harvard Family: Here in the Yard is one of the great collection
* e' w( x3 K4 K$ `2 W; L) ^$ Ys of intellectual talent in the world.
h* Y7 |9 B( i! @0 Y/ c" p: D
# X- }- S$ m8 v' F, ^哈佛是一个大家庭。这个院子里在场的人们,是全世界最有智力的人类群体之一。 3 G1 P; i: F3 H: l
4 L' ^5 A& p0 D5 X3 }" v% P
What for?
+ e0 x2 J( d% q4 P5 x$ J$ [3 M3 \4 [" M; i
我们可以做些什么?
( ~' y" ~3 G* o; f3 {8 S/ k f7 g- a/ q! m
There is no question that the faculty, the alumni, the students, and the benef
4 p- n; r7 Z! r' B$ e% oactors of Harvard have used their power to improve the lives of people here an 1 q" p5 o4 V# M/ {
d around the world. But can we do more? Can Harvard dedicate its intellect to 7 q9 D, v$ k, k% C
improving the lives of people who will never even hear its name? % h- A! K& t: G% y0 s2 _0 N
8 z1 O: U6 _4 W% ]+ G, q6 A& {5 t# Y毫无疑问,哈佛的老师、校友、学生和资助者,已经用他们的能力改善了全世界各地人们
5 s4 d2 v: s7 a* J" J7 |8 b3 O的生活。但是,我们还能够再做什么呢?有没有可能,哈佛的人们可以将他们的智慧,用 ! Y" H7 y: {' W- f
来帮助那些甚至从来没有听到过“哈佛”这个名字的人?
2 n* l# @' D6 s0 y5 F! v3 D$ f2 H4 C
Let me make a request of the deans and the professors – the intellectual lead
9 j( ^8 C: q% N: x& oers here at Harvard: As you hire new faculty, award tenure, review curriculum, ! z& F A9 \5 A
and determine degree requirements, please ask yourselves: 3 _) q5 H+ S, d& Q) |7 G5 M( X
5 A1 _3 t' o3 `% }8 f
请允许我向各位院长和教授,提出一个请求——你们是哈佛的智力领袖,当你们雇用新的 ; [* `7 E. p3 X* H
老师、授予终身教职、评估课程、决定学位颁发标准的时候,请问你们自己如下的问题: ) S- [& `- Y: Q* t# e9 m
7 n9 B* n3 j* W4 ~/ I. ?. e- N" K. y+ r2 f0 z N! y- y% O+ C
Should our best minds be dedicated to solving our biggest problems? 8 t( H' C% y% N
: ]4 J: {- h: P5 _7 {4 n我们最优秀的人才是否在致力于解决我们最大的问题? 6 m% B( l9 H/ C; }; h, S
" M0 A9 G2 `" v: E0 |
Should Harvard encourage its faculty to take on the world's worst inequities?
% S# \( K: _9 M5 z$ uShould Harvard students learn about the depth of global poverty … the prevale . M# `, T: H8 v' @$ q# Z) ~; |
nce of world hunger … the scarcity of clean water …the girls kept out of sch
6 F: o2 w% `% Kool … the children who die from diseases we can cure? 2 Z0 z- |2 ]; U6 r
7 f* \) G8 W2 \( [! R/ r哈佛是否鼓励她的老师去研究解决世界上最严重的不平等?哈佛的学生是否从全球那些极
7 J- S7 Z0 V, R端的贫穷中学到了什么……世界性的饥荒……清洁的水资源的缺乏……无法上学的女童… ) M% k; C0 A( _" B
…死于非恶性疾病的儿童……哈佛的学生有没有从中学到东西?
" H! X3 T/ c" d- M) ?* V1 K2 K
Should the world's most privileged people learn about the lives of the world's
5 ^. ]/ Q9 j' y6 G$ Hleast privileged?
. m4 u- x6 \/ Q: [
( f, Q6 S) X. ^# @3 E那些世界上过着最优越生活的人们,有没有从那些最困难的人们身上学到东西?
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$ f& E2 [; X/ KThese are not rhetorical questions – you will answer with your policies. 9 G9 h! W( b9 |3 T
6 h: F2 {( u% r+ U. t; i
这些问题并非语言上的修辞。你必须用自己的行动来回答它们。
) e. [1 K; e- Y: N9 ?$ V8 W! o. v, J# Q- [7 ]) m
My mother, who was filled with pride the day I was admitted here – never stop 5 i9 K E0 j3 |$ B! x
ped pressing me to do more for others. A few days before my wedding, she hoste 7 h; _' j* l2 v8 l/ R
d a bridal event, at which she read aloud a letter about marriage that she had
g8 {8 a0 i9 }) c" V {written to Melinda. My mother was very ill with cancer at the time, but she s % `3 }4 M, k: e! s2 a
aw one more opportunity to deliver her message, and at the close of the letter
1 L+ R4 w- a5 G) n# z' ?- L% I5 Ashe said: "From those to whom much is given, much is expected."
+ J( O; z# H$ G& L7 x3 h5 \( T# s* b( b) \
我的母亲在我被哈佛大学录取的那一天,曾经感到非常骄傲。她从没有停止督促我,去为
. N3 l" P$ I- j( Q他人做更多的事情。在我结婚的前几天,她主持了一个新娘进我家的仪式。在这个仪式上 ! N% h4 x# K, G- j" U$ q2 i; ]
,她高声朗读了一封关于婚姻的信,这是她写给Melinda的。那时,我的母亲已经因为癌症 ' D- @ Q* T9 a# h) W: e
病入膏肓,但是她还是认为这是又一个传播她的信念的机会。在那封信的结尾,她写道: # W6 k5 O- G1 F# k. n' y% S1 b" w9 h
“对于那些接受了许多帮助的人们,他们还在期待更多的帮助。你的能力越大,人们对你 ) r u9 R, p' I
的期望也就越大。” ) v- l" _' v. y8 A+ q9 Y9 {" c1 O
: Y7 ^- @; G/ q% r1 iWhen you consider what those of us here in this Yard have been given – in tal " c% J1 W, |3 I. `# @& |% L
ent, privilege, and opportunity – there is almost no limit to what the world
/ A3 q! ~- v) N8 o8 B3 thas a right to expect from us. ; m: k3 ~7 ~) U2 }8 ^# K
( j0 V* c% H) ~5 c. Y9 M; {% w# }想一想吧,我们在这个院子里的这些人,被给予过什么——天赋、特权、机遇——那么可 3 q; ^& E. d+ v5 k8 _* Z* S; r
以这样说,全世界的人们几乎有无限的权力,期待我们做出贡献。
0 M: Q! P. r9 y/ Q5 \! g# c" t8 `& a: k
In line with the promise of this age, I want to exhort each of the graduates h
4 T; H A) E3 a& p9 w q+ C" Pere to take on an issue – a complex problem, a deep inequity, and become a sp
. p5 Y% i# Z, W( s1 secialist on it. If you make it the focus of your career, that would be phenome
4 w1 @- @! w) E5 snal. But you don't have to do that to make an impact. For a few hours every we , f+ `% x. M' t2 h
ek, you can use the growing power of the Internet to get informed, find others 0 D1 t# a. m$ M/ p
with the same interests, see the barriers, and find ways to cut through them. 3 O- P) G3 J: K4 [, u) m
. S9 T, b1 ?$ r7 a/ A' }8 |5 v% W5 [ j6 |
7 Q8 M0 z' X& f0 [同这个时代的期望一样,我也要向今天各位毕业的同学提出一个忠告:你们要选择一个问 ( U7 R& S, W! e$ R( Z
题,一个复杂的问题,一个有关于人类深刻的不平等的问题,然后你们要变成这个问题的
7 b; Z- Y4 r) |+ Q专家。如果你们能够使得这个问题成为你们职业的核心,那么你们就会非常杰出。但是, ( u; R7 q. w, a d# y* T) ]; R
你们不必一定要去做那些大事。每个星期只用几个小时,你就可以通过互联网得到信息, * V2 F) l9 z$ p* ~: g2 ~( q1 y
找到志同道合的朋友,发现困难所在,找到解决它们的途径。
* _9 X6 B( G0 w3 }$ H% R; C- f
) h2 w9 T I& BDon't let complexity stop you. Be activists. Take on the big inequities. It wi 8 v% x( e5 S, C& T& d# K
ll be one of the great experiences of your lives.
0 ~4 h2 X! ~' d' \ d8 r" q9 l n7 @& e5 N" C
不要让这个世界的复杂性阻碍你前进。要成为一个行动主义者。将解决人类的不平等视为 . c& q" H& y! Y
己任。它将成为你生命中最重要的经历之一。
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: T/ x5 ~6 y+ W0 ZYou graduates are coming of age in an amazing time. As you leave Harvard, you # c1 W! ^/ V9 X$ m2 N% G7 B
have technology that members of my class never had. You have awareness of glob
0 b1 s- B1 B0 G3 A- d% Kal inequity, which we did not have. And with that awareness, you likely also h
, j; p* N! U Y0 lave an informed conscience that will torment you if you abandon these people w ! C0 ?' U" M/ ~9 W
hose lives you could change with very little effort. You have more than we had % b" J! d: H7 N* p2 C9 \
; you must start sooner, and carry on longer. 2 B8 r* J+ q0 X0 F6 c( ~& q; O
2 x/ {0 G: G" T" o3 n
在座的各位毕业的同学,你们所处的时代是一个神奇的时代。当你们离开哈佛的时候,你
9 l/ M. q" K$ [5 Z们拥有的技术,是我们那一届学生所没有的。你们已经了解到了世界上的不平等,我们那 k) Q& [+ A- Q: Z# ?7 \
时还不知道这些。有了这样的了解之后,要是你再弃那些你可以帮助的人们于不顾,就将
8 \( ] z1 b/ I& S4 H% m受到良心的谴责,只需一点小小的努力,你就可以改变那些人们的生活。你们比我们拥有
+ Y; e& D$ ]7 |8 D5 [! o更大的能力;你们必须尽早开始,尽可能长时期坚持下去。
- g) z5 J, V+ y% v \8 L8 J
- F- ]; G0 J, e) ^5 YKnowing what you know, how could you not?
* B) A( H* k$ k- l; W
% y7 s9 c! i& }# s* i7 s知道了你们所知道的一切,你们怎么可能不采取行动呢? 8 |+ }% M U5 e) l8 }; m5 ^* ~% F
* q: v- M! {: [% q8 _
And I hope you will come back here to Harvard 30 years from now and reflect on
! ?( [0 X5 D8 n) Owhat you have done with your talent and your energy. I hope you will judge yo 7 C# R) {( K; D( `
urselves not on your professional accomplishments alone, but also on how well # v* V6 S: K( R: V) f7 _ k! }- e1 L7 \
you have addressed the world's deepest inequities … on how well you treated p
/ Q6 c8 c0 ~3 G x! Oeople a world away who have nothing in common with you but their humanity. , m9 w! d- i8 L6 H5 l0 m
/ s( n3 o) J, l' o4 D( o我希望,30年后你们还会再回到哈佛,想起你们用自己的天赋和能力所做出的一切。我希
; i I0 y$ u" e1 o& w' J$ r望,在那个时候,你们用来评价自己的标准,不仅仅是你们的专业成就,而包括你们为改
: L2 K# R6 o! T变这个世界深刻的不平等所做出的努力,以及你们如何善待那些远隔千山万水、与你们毫
9 o7 n$ s" K7 Y不涉及的人们,你们与他们唯一的共同点就是同为人类。 |
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