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2008-11-02 01:02:11 来自: lightpie(上次登录还是1.5年前.....)
+ n( ?# K5 r5 }( j% `比尔·盖茨在哈佛大学毕业典礼上的演讲 # i, i9 `0 F5 ^6 n5 c- d: \
9 M& M+ V; W$ x2007年6月7日
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: C2 i3 v0 a, J/ P6 i4 b W6 j阮一峰 译
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% j" Q. |% E" c& K% H5 H9 gPresident Bok, former President Rudenstine, incoming President Faust, members
( m, O3 T. ]/ E% N3 I4 xof the Harvard Corporation and the Board of Overseers, members of the faculty, $ q- c+ r. L: {+ o5 X
parents, and especially, the graduates: 6 U5 m' ~) R0 Z
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尊敬的Bok校长,Rudenstine前校长,即将上任的Faust校长,哈佛集团的各位成员,监管
4 j5 B- P* q+ r1 C: T) J1 ~理事会的各位理事,各位老师,各位家长,各位同学: - t3 \" s+ w+ g
8 L9 ~+ x# L( e7 D# HI've been waiting more than 30 years to say this: "Dad, I always told you I'd 7 X9 ]5 R0 h! e: g
come back and get my degree." 9 R" d! x; A% e/ Q9 ~
5 z- l0 ^, \) O4 E- ~( A: z有一句话我等了三十年,现在终于可以说了:“老爸,我总是跟你说,我会回来拿到我的
. Z/ _' A/ ^$ j( P; r学位的!”
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. f+ r b. ?: Z4 i6 a$ n4 S5 E/ bI want to thank Harvard for this timely honor. I'll be changing my job next ye
% z, U' I8 Z# |) Mar … and it will be nice to finally have a college degree on my resume.
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我要感谢哈佛大学在这个时候给我这个荣誉。明年,我就要换工作了(注:指从微软公司
2 H( b, K5 ?4 _. j退休)……我终于可以在简历上写我有一个本科学位,这真是不错啊。 + i- | w- f7 W. O6 X( V
- m' m. h1 E, S8 f" vI applaud the graduates today for taking a much more direct route to your degr
. r4 d; ]8 x, @: e+ x2 _ees. For my part, I'm just happy that the Crimson has called me "Harvard's mos % `7 k9 @5 e, A- w% ^. e" O
t successful dropout." I guess that makes me valedictorian of my own special c
' T I) _% e B" c9 x( llass … I did the best of everyone who failed. / H' Q' s( _6 r& G* \1 |* s
% j ~5 M! t9 k" a" o; D4 c: c我为今天在座的各位同学感到高兴,你们拿到学位可比我简单多了。哈佛的校报称我是“ ( [) L6 `$ C/ u8 |
哈佛大学历史上最成功的辍学生”。我想这大概使我有资格代表我这一类学生发言……在 + V- M X! X% H: Y8 a a! c5 T7 Y5 S
所有的失败者里,我做得最好。 + H/ @ m3 q: j( y$ p4 q$ ]& O
w3 p% q2 a* H2 `) z; R+ `But I also want to be recognized as the guy who got Steve Ballmer to drop out ) x+ m; I |& w) N
of business school. I'm a bad influence. That's why I was invited to speak at 6 u3 M3 J& t0 I2 |2 o4 U
your graduation. If I had spoken at your orientation, fewer of you might be he
5 E/ Q; D0 n, ^' Y8 p6 y8 Mre today. & ?" S) b" J2 g
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但是,我还要提醒大家,我使得Steve Ballmer(注:微软总经理)也从哈佛商学院退学了 # F" T& H0 C( o; l) {$ I
。因此,我是个有着恶劣影响力的人。这就是为什么我被邀请来在你们的毕业典礼上演讲 8 f. l8 |+ {3 U! i7 b
。如果我在你们入学欢迎仪式上演讲,那么能够坚持到今天在这里毕业的人也许会少得多
' w. c- x" E/ _' d吧。 5 U% W: ~' O( j: J
/ @( o% K9 R0 vHarvard was just a phenomenal experience for me. Academic life was fascinating
0 \* R4 ` j, ~7 Q& q$ `. I used to sit in on lots of classes I hadn't even signed up for. And dorm li & j7 C1 k2 S& O
fe was terrific. I lived up at Radcliffe, in Currier House. There were always
$ {3 t( l2 Z( P% s: Olots of people in my dorm room late at night discussing things, because everyo ! w1 o5 N8 E8 p& S) K
ne knew I didn't worry about getting up in the morning. That's how I came to b
; Y4 M" s* V$ ye the leader of the anti-social group. We clung to each other as a way of vali
`9 f7 N0 ~! R7 v, }dating our rejection of all those social people.
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2 X u' V% a& ], _( e% S# ~对我来说,哈佛的求学经历是一段非凡的经历。校园生活很有趣,我常去旁听我没选修的
s( H5 Y; u9 B9 P+ F$ _' a4 \1 i0 Y. ~课。哈佛的课外生活也很棒,我在Radcliffe过着逍遥自在的日子。每天我的寝室里总有很 . u3 u+ t. H1 T v
多人一直待到半夜,讨论着各种事情。因为每个人都知道我从不考虑第二天早起。这使得 ) o7 o' s5 H0 m& i1 W% p# s: g
我变成了校园里那些不安分学生的头头,我们互相粘在一起,做出一种拒绝所有正常学生
' v& u4 Q0 i1 r$ x# s- U: i的姿态。
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Radcliffe was a great place to live. There were more women up there, and most 9 {) j8 c; C0 y' H
of the guys were science-math types. That combination offered me the best odds
5 S! b* b7 P$ V/ F6 e) `, if you know what I mean. This is where I learned the sad lesson that improvi
6 }) H6 r# J* ~4 [& Yng your odds doesn't guarantee success. 9 s8 _, }; l9 r4 {0 h
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Radcliffe是个过日子的好地方。那里的女生比男生多,而且大多数男生都是理工科的。这
8 F% h0 ~2 W9 ?+ P种状况为我创造了最好的机会,如果你们明白我的意思。可惜的是,我正是在这里学到了
8 \4 [ G* @! e! x, i5 [0 N4 H人生中悲伤的一课:机会大,并不等于你就会成功。
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One of my biggest memories of Harvard came in January 1975, when I made a call ( r$ M( y+ o, ]0 f" x
from Currier House to a company in Albuquerque that had begun making the worl
. c# r' R% `+ C: Ed's first personal computers. I offered to sell them software. / o. }3 W, W; d1 L3 M# k9 x: {3 e7 U/ H
/ G9 h! P! X! x: \, _4 W# {- C6 b我在哈佛最难忘的回忆之一,发生在1975年1月。那时,我从宿舍楼里给位于Albuquerque
" c1 @" L/ \; l( h* ^0 m+ g. i @的一家公司打了一个电话,那家公司已经在着手制造世界上第一台个人电脑。我提出想向
6 M; G' h# r8 d9 s( l) [他们出售软件。
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I worried that they would realize I was just a student in a dorm and hang up o ! r2 Y# F5 ~4 {' Y$ W! p& s
n me. Instead they said: "We're not quite ready, come see us in a month," whic 4 B: F# Q& e, S- I# N1 e
h was a good thing, because we hadn't written the software yet. From that mome . B% S! p8 i0 k4 ]" W0 ^, C1 P- x" L8 B
nt, I worked day and night on this little extra credit project that marked the $ S$ r% _$ k' o% a+ z9 H
end of my college education and the beginning of a remarkable journey with Mi
0 s0 h) p2 Z3 kcrosoft.
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5 H8 n3 u( l; c l7 y4 y) p我很担心,他们会发觉我是一个住在宿舍的学生,从而挂断电话。但是他们却说:“我们 & p6 Z: e2 w* d+ @2 K
还没准备好,一个月后你再来找我们吧。”这是个好消息,因为那时软件还根本没有写出 3 |% r' F" j; F# s5 k9 P9 ~! `
来呢。就是从那个时候起,我日以继夜地在这个小小的课外项目上工作,这导致了我学生
0 w9 s( g( @; Y0 C( ^4 G4 x生活的结束,以及通往微软公司的不平凡的旅程的开始。 ! Y- s0 @6 C1 A0 S, ]' x: H
. C; h! Q P; W8 ^1 FWhat I remember above all about Harvard was being in the midst of so much ener / d7 k+ ^1 K0 k3 [
gy and intelligence. It could be exhilarating, intimidating, sometimes even di
, t2 t; F% }" [scouraging, but always challenging. It was an amazing privilege – and though 3 B' P, x4 D. c' D1 p" G% U0 t
I left early, I was transformed by my years at Harvard, the friendships I made # O' f. I& l. Z. l
, and the ideas I worked on. 7 o2 Q. V4 ]% K1 o! q
) `) k% `" R' Q% Q2 F不管怎样,我对哈佛的回忆主要都与充沛的精力和智力活动有关。哈佛的生活令人愉快,
! u' e7 O7 e1 N( y5 V( T! `也令人感到有压力,有时甚至会感到泄气,但永远充满了挑战性。生活在哈佛是一种吸引 1 O: k& Y1 `- k3 M# a! X
人的特殊待遇……虽然我离开得比较早,但是我在这里的经历、在这里结识的朋友、在这 : ?' N+ M$ @9 R- I3 P8 z
里发展起来的一些想法,永远地改变了我。 ! j& ~, z4 H5 L* Q, F; t( N% _
5 W& o, `- f7 h6 r( V8 iBut taking a serious look back … I do have one big regret. 1 W2 I; I6 D+ ~
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但是,如果现在严肃地回忆起来,我确实有一个真正的遗憾。 ; g& O1 J% t9 \/ e6 B \
* _4 k7 g1 A+ XI left Harvard with no real awareness of the awful inequities in the world – ! b6 W6 E% h7 x: @. y
the appalling disparities of health, and wealth, and opportunity that condemn
: o* [$ H# W* | {' tmillions of people to lives of despair.
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; d7 {# Y- _( o2 _7 c. {我离开哈佛的时候,根本没有意识到这个世界是多么的不平等。人类在健康、财富和机遇 3 @6 k, P X% x& d$ v/ w& w
上的不平等大得可怕,它们使得无数的人们被迫生活在绝望之中。
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I learned a lot here at Harvard about new ideas in economics and politics. I g
$ w1 I2 }1 D! s2 M2 yot great exposure to the advances being made in the sciences. ' ~' i/ D+ |, z* B$ G J
7 Z6 j X5 o7 f Q! o* O; y我在哈佛学到了很多经济学和政治学的新思想。我也了解了很多科学上的新进展。
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But humanity's greatest advances are not in its discoveries – but in how thos 0 h- F3 H b9 p
e discoveries are applied to reduce inequity. Whether through democracy, stron & c5 U5 v6 H1 Q6 w* S1 L% \4 d- _
g public education, quality health care, or broad economic opportunity – redu
$ w& z9 ]3 |. X6 [0 kcing inequity is the highest human achievement.
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但是,人类最大的进步并不来自于这些发现,而是来自于那些有助于减少人类不平等的发 7 `7 r5 i1 I6 s A9 ]8 A9 s0 F% I- Y- u
现。不管通过何种手段——民主制度、健全的公共教育体系、高质量的医疗保健、还是广
2 \% @5 \$ Y; i2 ]3 g+ Q- l泛的经济机会——减少不平等始终是人类最大的成就。 9 Y. d1 s! ^/ u: O' M
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I left campus knowing little about the millions of young people cheated out of
5 \5 ~' e( F8 p$ x/ Q+ @educational opportunities here in this country. And I knew nothing about the
) {2 e- B3 c2 S, y+ nmillions of people living in unspeakable poverty and disease in developing cou * K, L p) S: h8 S
ntries. 1 H* X! I3 E% N& `+ y+ ^
+ ]/ _, @0 C7 }5 S I我离开校园的时候,根本不知道在这个国家里,有几百万的年轻人无法获得接受教育的机
; u" @ a. `1 M6 V( J: P会。我也不知道,发展中国家里有无数的人们生活在无法形容的贫穷和疾病之中。 8 {) m+ R* `6 ^/ V; z
7 C8 F) v H, b( |- [It took me decades to find out.
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我花了几十年才明白了这些事情。
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You graduates came to Harvard at a different time. You know more about the wor 5 i( T5 i- f& h1 l
ld's inequities than the classes that came before. In your years here, I hope 7 N8 n0 a$ [3 {. V$ Y4 \$ F! x
you've had a chance to think about how – in this age of accelerating technolo 4 x# e- g0 ?! h/ T7 H1 @; ^. @
gy – we can finally take on these inequities, and we can solve them. 5 K! |7 u! p3 c9 k
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在座的各位同学,你们是在与我不同的时代来到哈佛的。你们比以前的学生,更多地了解 0 i! k% f P- T! C- K) ^! e
世界是怎样的不平等。在你们的哈佛求学过程中,我希望你们已经思考过一个问题,那就
$ p5 n" p2 Y1 p; E6 j4 j. ~是在这个新技术加速发展的时代,我们怎样最终应对这种不平等,以及我们怎样来解决这
) i1 j; T- \, T4 n( v2 n个问题。 9 u: K. c0 c" D' ?: e$ h! M
& _+ ]1 t4 S9 Z$ K; X2 H6 }' ^Imagine, just for the sake of discussion, that you had a few hours a week and
+ L1 z+ H1 `3 ~0 Ma few dollars a month to donate to a cause – and you wanted to spend that tim
' h2 D5 M" x4 Fe and money where it would have the greatest impact in saving and improving li
+ W- T$ X) R! [ves. Where would you spend it?
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为了讨论的方便,请想象一下,假如你每个星期可以捐献一些时间、每个月可以捐献一些 * d; x S, E: l0 i9 k6 w7 S
钱——你希望这些时间和金钱,可以用到对拯救生命和改善人类生活有最大作用的地方。
& x; m- h( i* ?2 V, \你会选择什么地方? & p7 [7 ], g3 a6 m5 f3 P/ z
4 n7 v! M( n) ^' ~! q& `7 I6 o# kFor Melinda and for me, the challenge is the same: how can we do the most good
3 z0 A: W# ~& Q$ @/ u/ ^for the greatest number with the resources we have.
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对Melinda(注:盖茨的妻子)和我来说,这也是我们面临的问题:我们如何能将我们拥有 $ I; C/ @# p" B( \7 A5 R5 E
的资源发挥出最大的作用。 / u$ P- V$ K- A
, K! S$ e# ?- u6 o! Y2 [During our discussions on this question, Melinda and I read an article about t 9 l& D5 z' S l% x: n5 _" O6 G* p! A
he millions of children who were dying every year in poor countries from disea
$ m* Q! w: c/ Q1 eses that we had long ago made harmless in this country. Measles, malaria, pneu _1 k' g3 }6 U, N/ K& n/ F7 A, S
monia, hepatitis B, yellow fever. One disease I had never even heard of, rotav , e% V% q, C" H- A( D' r
irus, was killing half a million kids each year – none of them in the United ; F/ v% J9 y; e0 A$ I( P5 S
States. ) o1 p% j7 b7 i
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在讨论过程中,Melinda和我读到了一篇文章,里面说在那些贫穷的国家,每年有数百万的
( t$ e& [" b) X8 s6 Z, E儿童死于那些在美国早已不成问题的疾病。麻疹、疟疾、肺炎、乙型肝炎、黄热病、还有 / B+ K, T2 p2 ]+ w3 [
一种以前我从未听说过的轮状病毒,这些疾病每年导致50万儿童死亡,但是在美国一例死
7 E, l9 U% d5 w" {/ E) j亡病例也没有。
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We were shocked. We had just assumed that if millions of children were dying a 6 C7 b" b1 J/ j% @2 A# q+ }
nd they could be saved, the world would make it a priority to discover and del + s7 f2 G* J+ J4 _+ z! d
iver the medicines to save them. But it did not. For under a dollar, there wer " ]& n) g% C, D
e interventions that could save lives that just weren't being delivered.
. ]3 } z1 u8 \0 X9 x! l' ?% y4 Q8 X9 h7 d) ^
我们被震惊了。我们想,如果几百万儿童正在死亡线上挣扎,而且他们是可以被挽救的, ) t1 ?. P4 J1 w
那么世界理应将用药物拯救他们作为头等大事。但是事实并非如此。那些价格还不到一美
4 ] x2 M; Z1 A3 X5 L$ M元的救命的药剂,并没有送到他们的手中。
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If you believe that every life has equal value, it's revolting to learn that s
- ~: |- ?8 N& E) x9 D ^ome lives are seen as worth saving and others are not. We said to ourselves: " * W7 @* J7 A5 ?4 Z5 ^9 f! R
This can't be true. But if it is true, it deserves to be the priority of our g
- p1 U% P! J! g3 O- `8 X$ h9 `. z7 siving." ( P0 h* |; ]" k! I
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如果你相信每个生命都是平等的,那么当你发现某些生命被挽救了,而另一些生命被放弃
/ X9 ~) W1 ?, z, m+ f/ ~& ^了,你会感到无法接受。我们对自己说:“事情不可能如此。如果这是真的,那么它理应 ( K2 z" D- k5 u
是我们努力的头等大事。”
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% E% q' G$ R' ^) eSo we began our work in the same way anyone here would begin it. We asked: "Ho . |. w) q; g* p ?8 b) K# s/ f
w could the world let these children die?" # a# K% r* V3 L( u) r* C3 A
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所以,我们用任何人都会想到的方式开始工作。我们问:“这个世界怎么可以眼睁睁看着
% f4 ]2 d& v8 c这些孩子死去?”
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The answer is simple, and harsh. The market did not reward saving the lives of + d/ e& f; u j/ f
these children, and governments did not subsidize it. So the children died be
2 @* R1 H. C- W9 G' Y9 ] _6 y" ^cause their mothers and their fathers had no power in the market and no voice
# M: F& c1 O# v& Cin the system. - X; |( ?& b' f+ n8 t
2 ]/ i' ?. ^. y+ `" ]
答案很简单,也很令人难堪。在市场经济中,拯救儿童是一项没有利润的工作,政府也不
& F9 [. U7 ?4 `7 S( e会提供补助。这些儿童之所以会死亡,是因为他们的父母在经济上没有实力,在政治上没
{; ^4 V/ |# }) Z有能力发出声音。
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x) s0 }/ W+ `But you and I have both. 4 z$ o( I' A& }. [9 j3 V
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但是,你们和我在经济上有实力,在政治上能够发出声音。 - R' s% e2 E5 Z+ O
! K# C5 o# r: g$ a& n2 h2 gWe can make market forces work better for the poor if we can develop a more cr
8 N7 J" v A$ ^; P" Q1 I) Z* feative capitalism – if we can stretch the reach of market forces so that more
; W M7 T0 j$ F' rpeople can make a profit, or at least make a living, serving people who are s
9 [0 O5 H' U' z" u* V& buffering from the worst inequities. We also can press governments around the w
. d4 ~( J4 Y- ?) |orld to spend taxpayer money in ways that better reflect the values of the peo ) a- \; P- [4 J4 B! I
ple who pay the taxes.
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我们可以让市场更好地为穷人服务,如果我们能够设计出一种更有创新性的资本主义制度 8 S2 D2 O. i6 I3 H- Z3 h, p
——如果我们可以改变市场,让更多的人可以获得利润,或者至少可以维持生活——那么
" V6 A! u/ C5 f; @* W# J) d8 |,这就可以帮到那些正在极端不平等的状况中受苦的人们。我们还可以向全世界的政府施
7 d) f' ]& S, D0 c2 @+ q! G: f! x压,要求他们将纳税人的钱,花到更符合纳税人价值观的地方。 & ?7 }; k2 N* P. p. i
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If we can find approaches that meet the needs of the poor in ways that generat
( Y1 N% i K: h2 @4 I# V* ^e profits for business and votes for politicians, we will have found a sustain * R0 }+ d0 W F s7 ?9 q/ X) H
able way to reduce inequity in the world. This task is open-ended. It can neve
5 I y4 v0 x! q# d) g+ Dr be finished. But a conscious effort to answer this challenge will change the ! }$ ` ~; ]! }- O; ^+ k- w; F* {
world.
8 Z* C7 c. o+ H" ?
! }, j. J0 B- O( @0 }1 w4 p如果我们能够找到这样一种方法,既可以帮到穷人,又可以为商人带来利润,为政治家带
0 g! E3 g! o1 q7 p0 N' p/ V来选票,那么我们就找到了一种减少世界性不平等的可持续的发展道路。这个任务是无限
& _- I! T; \% w4 s) T, }$ i) X的。它不可能被完全完成,但是任何自觉地解决这个问题的尝试,都将会改变这个世界。 6 r9 ~ P8 j9 t( o6 c j
8 K3 k/ X6 ~. h/ C$ Q
+ m8 c! P7 Y# r: ]
I am optimistic that we can do this, but I talk to skeptics who claim there is
' W/ q2 J2 S* s" |9 |no hope. They say: "Inequity has been with us since the beginning, and will b , S, T) Q& a A5 m" z
e with us till the end – because people just … don't … care." I completely
s/ n, b# o; c( j+ zdisagree.
) i0 [' l+ X4 [! f2 z0 b
# T$ u' {/ \& o: U4 c" V6 y% ?3 O在这个问题上,我是乐观的。但是,我也遇到过那些感到绝望的怀疑主义者。他们说:“
, L. m5 R* m9 q5 Q: H不平等从人类诞生的第一天就存在,到人类灭亡的最后一天也将存在。——因为人类对这 3 x9 x2 `9 \3 _% k- q
个问题根本不在乎。”我完全不能同意这种观点。
$ i9 N0 |2 y- S* k3 j8 H# e; i( T- O0 p( E, @
I believe we have more caring than we know what to do with.
+ y' z- A7 H, ]! Z, J
5 R) U5 F8 Y2 W7 N) \9 J& O! ?我相信,问题不是我们不在乎,而是我们不知道怎么做。
4 N6 a y; u$ u* h& J7 B! b* P0 d: P
All of us here in this Yard, at one time or another, have seen human tragedies 2 {4 E3 z- J- O Z% o. P3 |
that broke our hearts, and yet we did nothing – not because we didn't care,
. u* @- K& l+ q7 g5 }# fbut because we didn't know what to do. If we had known how to help, we would h
8 ~0 C% ]; G9 F Wave acted.
* |1 L0 M3 B$ l* N7 O# l% S! p+ f7 B `- ] M
此刻在这个院子里的所有人,生命中总有这样或那样的时刻,目睹人类的悲剧,感到万分 6 C- |$ _7 [& l+ K" k# r! G
伤心。但是我们什么也没做,并非我们无动于衷,而是因为我们不知道做什么和怎么做。
, |" Y. R t0 ^如果我们知道如何做是有效的,那么我们就会采取行动。 . F8 E9 z- K$ `+ `
" a! A$ y/ |4 r3 I: F) O5 w# _The barrier to change is not too little caring; it is too much complexity.
# \. T, A% F p: [- g4 ^! U. l# a5 C9 A: ~) S* N- k
改变世界的阻碍,并非人类的冷漠,而是世界实在太复杂。
8 x% f1 s$ I( Q8 y% `. x6 C# F! T# ^0 F/ i
To turn caring into action, we need to see a problem, see a solution, and see . V4 ^6 U0 A, T) u
the impact. But complexity blocks all three steps. ; q7 z' H1 O" k
. \7 E; n- A0 @' M/ e Z
为了将关心转变为行动,我们需要找到问题,发现解决办法的方法,评估后果。但是世界
6 i L8 p1 {8 `8 a9 M的复杂性使得所有这些步骤都难于做到。 8 p) } _8 M; G$ S$ c7 b3 K0 |
" Q) a$ m1 o8 G6 ]9 b1 [- |4 \Even with the advent of the Internet and 24-hour news, it is still a complex e
. M& [3 f. {) N2 [* anterprise to get people to truly see the problems. When an airplane crashes, o V6 N! ^8 P. m% O0 ?
fficials immediately call a press conference. They promise to investigate, det
" s; m4 R+ O- o% k9 [ermine the cause, and prevent similar crashes in the future. 4 o! ]2 C- K+ x
. K2 k* C, ^ P5 g# i即使有了互联网和24小时直播的新闻台,让人们真正发现问题所在,仍然十分困难。当一 # e% z K/ z+ E
架飞机坠毁了,官员们会立刻召开新闻发布会,他们承诺进行调查、找到原因、防止将来 4 _8 j5 V' u1 g0 x- \9 D6 t
再次发生类似事故。 . R, Z* S8 G$ K4 _- r5 [& I! H) ]
9 z# _% q7 M/ i* }0 |, p$ T' PBut if the officials were brutally honest, they would say: "Of all the people
8 z5 A( r3 o5 V$ X3 {5 Uin the world who died today from preventable causes, one half of one percent o & H2 @1 |; H4 c+ R
f them were on this plane. We're determined to do everything possible to solve % [8 C' H1 j, G6 s5 {
the problem that took the lives of the one half of one percent." 4 t& G" s- X' |0 ]) l) r
, Q8 ^) }/ u, d+ g& J; w
但是如果那些官员敢说真话,他们就会说:“在今天这一天,全世界所有可以避免的死亡 $ _) t( J) y- I3 _! y
之中,只有0.5%的死者来自于这次空难。我们决心尽一切努力,调查这个0.5%的死亡原因 * M2 {$ w% u. F2 \ Y9 v
。”
3 `! n- h A% L" X
2 V7 g5 `; e% @+ ^# ]) M# e" d5 TThe bigger problem is not the plane crash, but the millions of preventable dea
8 \9 n' o% L/ W# u" hths. 0 H& ^! Q' P5 b. [. p! N" r
+ a* i0 v& T8 Y$ w. p2 H显然,更重要的问题不是这次空难,而是其他几百万可以预防的死亡事件。
1 w2 `; b5 C) k9 q s. {% `% t+ G+ {" f$ ?
We don't read much about these deaths. The media covers what's new – and mill
& p x1 {2 D! _5 U. jions of people dying is nothing new. So it stays in the background, where it's
E/ `, R0 C* A& H# H# Zeasier to ignore. But even when we do see it or read about it, it's difficult
. p' c: P1 C- A( L4 X2 ~" Cto keep our eyes on the problem. It's hard to look at suffering if the situat & O) Q1 n/ Y4 I4 ?
ion is so complex that we don't know how to help. And so we look away.
; I1 q; n" ~* U7 {( `, W7 o3 k1 N
我们并没有很多机会了解那些死亡事件。媒体总是报告新闻,几百万人将要死去并非新闻 # D/ O- ]* j8 A8 e, O8 h
。如果没有人报道,那么这些事件就很容易被忽视。另一方面,即使我们确实目睹了事件
$ w Z0 z- |0 a3 c+ x0 W3 s" B本身或者看到了相关报道,我们也很难持续关注这些事件。看着他人受苦是令人痛苦的, 9 j0 G2 f& I( [5 C( C
何况问题又如此复杂,我们根本不知道如何去帮助他人。所以我们会将脸转过去。 , g0 N6 s- S5 p/ [( h8 N1 G
1 G# _0 _! T$ ?$ Q$ n! r
If we can really see a problem, which is the first step, we come to the second * `0 r; P& m0 K1 m0 n$ z: U
step: cutting through the complexity to find a solution.
( X% |. l7 ]$ t: o& T3 D2 A
: Y/ O6 F! q J9 G就算我们真正发现了问题所在,也不过是迈出了第一步,接着还有第二步:那就是从复杂 % S: i- ^2 [. _# _3 f' B
的事件中找到解决办法。
+ D0 T3 U1 b1 y, X9 [
6 n9 n& W2 M+ E; xFinding solutions is essential if we want to make the most of our caring. If w , i9 }% c; G' a" U1 S! |& G9 V. p; @
e have clear and proven answers anytime an organization or individual asks "Ho
+ \8 T _' s: L7 m; y( t$ U$ {w can I help?," then we can get action – and we can make sure that none of th
; m% [& u t% U6 Xe caring in the world is wasted. But complexity makes it hard to mark a path o
$ D8 s3 T# |- ~# qf action for everyone who cares — and that makes it hard for their caring to 7 N, [. I. _1 k8 }) a3 T6 s. y9 G
matter. 7 W" C& X; |0 M% D4 T
& M4 \- x4 d# Z8 R! i如果我们要让关心落到实处,我们就必须找到解决办法。如果我们有一个清晰的和可靠的 ' q8 h9 w3 h& E
答案,那么当任何组织和个人发出疑问“如何我能提供帮助”的时候,我们就能采取行动 6 |+ E$ l! \0 u8 F& ?
。我们就能够保证不浪费一丁点全世界人类对他人的关心。但是,世界的复杂性使得很难
# e t( p2 h w% @' Q% i2 r9 t找到对全世界每一个有爱心的人都有效的行动方法,因此人类对他人的关心往往很难产生 5 S% }- P4 b6 c) b8 R
实际效果。 8 `3 b6 S) ]9 }" e. T/ `
1 R: p' o! z8 V8 H3 Q0 zCutting through complexity to find a solution runs through four predictable st 2 h" J. W- m; F; i0 H
ages: determine a goal, find the highest-leverage approach, discover the ideal 7 e' u8 c0 {8 d; s: \
technology for that approach, and in the meantime, make the smartest applicat
% ]* x4 q3 |: c3 |2 N+ y* Vion of the technology that you already have — whether it's something sophisti
, f9 _: b- s2 x; a% |; Tcated, like a drug, or something simpler, like a bednet. " ]. W! S7 x( x2 [
% N/ b0 Q% ]: h ~4 l从这个复杂的世界中找到解决办法,可以分为四个步骤:确定目标,找到最高效的方法, / {4 V r3 W3 i' w
发现适用于这个方法的新技术,同时最聪明地利用现有的技术,不管它是复杂的药物,还
8 S" ^* }$ j; R3 J7 r是最简单的蚊帐。
: u6 W4 N% L% z. d# A) z Q# Y' q+ c: ]" E2 S
The AIDS epidemic offers an example. The broad goal, of course, is to end the ( D/ B c/ B3 `( V# C: l) `+ w- Y
disease. The highest-leverage approach is prevention. The ideal technology wou , E1 U( Y& W$ u8 A2 F8 w
ld be a vaccine that gives lifetime immunity with a single dose. So government \+ k, J: g6 v _& R9 J- k+ u
s, drug companies, and foundations fund vaccine research. But their work is li
, B) h: n9 b9 N8 \& \2 x; }kely to take more than a decade, so in the meantime, we have to work with what
/ E& x" F! w: m$ k$ \we have in hand – and the best prevention approach we have now is getting pe 7 O5 U2 `/ ~6 o8 T; Y
ople to avoid risky behavior. + `; z$ M! ]- x8 T4 T+ P
& `$ R9 Z+ o0 _( Q艾滋病就是一个例子。总的目标,毫无疑问是消灭这种疾病。最高效的方法是预防。最理 / \+ Q2 p4 n/ s/ |5 r6 ~! N
想的技术是发明一种疫苗,只要注射一次,就可以终生免疫。所以,政府、制药公司、基 0 c) _5 R( G. s* T
金会应该资助疫苗研究。但是,这样研究工作很可能十年之内都无法完成。因此,与此同
# c% V1 e# s4 t时,我们必须使用现有的技术,目前最有效的预防方法就是设法让人们避免那些危险的行
' P" b$ c( K- d为。 . n; {7 N! j* y* c
# G- f- z6 }( w8 @2 h* A
Pursuing that goal starts the four-step cycle again. This is the pattern. The . z0 O! a; I5 m. |# P/ o. w w
crucial thing is to never stop thinking and working – and never do what we di $ J) E$ l, w# }; E" `, }) _
d with malaria and tuberculosis in the 20th century – which is to surrender t @. e' j- T, [( W' O# G
o complexity and quit.
G0 {) ^) L* g% w+ y( i4 L/ W& m9 T* ~) Q4 ?
要实现这个新的目标,又可以采用新的四步循环。这是一种模式。关键的东西是永远不要 $ I1 z( c% Q, o
停止思考和行动。我们千万不能再犯上个世纪在疟疾和肺结核上犯过的错误,那时我们因 1 F3 k/ t0 d4 X
为它们太复杂,而放弃了采取行动。 9 d) w7 |+ f h
0 p7 l N2 L' d. x
The final step – after seeing the problem and finding an approach – is to me
0 h! D! H" C0 G* ^' Lasure the impact of your work and share your successes and failures so that ot 7 v, O' r7 I1 o% \- o, C. }
hers learn from your efforts. / c* h9 A8 C3 ~& I
; \1 W( l7 E7 w) A: b$ J( E, i% [5 g8 ~- w在发现问题和找到解决方法之后,就是最后一步——评估工作结果,将你的成功经验或者
3 s6 j9 l7 S( X7 I; v5 F. R失败经验传播出去,这样其他人就可以从你的努力中有所收获。
& C# o) q+ D p/ o2 z4 p* p# ?8 |; I3 q; H# A5 g, e
You have to have the statistics, of course. You have to be able to show that a / ?# }, J7 Z9 m
program is vaccinating millions more children. You have to be able to show a
: ^5 q: Z+ V2 ]2 R; x: U* Jdecline in the number of children dying from these diseases. This is essential 7 T) c1 j. z% P8 E6 _
not just to improve the program, but also to help draw more investment from b
6 O9 m1 y0 D7 E8 k e% W) @usiness and government. 7 n. f7 X0 J0 c: G: {& x4 D; t" B# F
! Y, z+ S- \0 j! e+ p7 D
当然,你必须有一些统计数字。你必须让他人知道,你的项目为几百万儿童新接种了疫苗
1 A5 _5 d) H" Y5 J。你也必须让他人知道,儿童死亡人数下降了多少。这些都是很关键的,不仅有利于改善 0 @+ g' b- g3 _: f
项目效果,也有利于从商界和政府得到更多的帮助。
* s# m# a) `' ^$ `: ]8 _$ {- O" J: x6 }; ^& R6 t4 z" d
But if you want to inspire people to participate, you have to show more than n
$ J# O( p! n5 ^8 E+ X+ Lumbers; you have to convey the human impact of the work – so people can feel
; \6 Y% ]& O9 E5 g# Dwhat saving a life means to the families affected. - h0 N7 ?0 F! L, u6 W
+ S( I$ j9 B7 D但是,这些还不够,如果你想激励其他人参加你的项目,你就必须拿出更多的统计数字; & M2 [% v0 ~2 l1 J+ m, V
你必须展示你的项目的人性因素,这样其他人就会感到拯救一个生命,对那些处在困境中
- X6 b, ^& M: i: ^5 R1 L的家庭到底意味着什么。
! S& ^, G" N; p2 A! A* F" l" o. J, k3 s5 k! M2 d8 ?2 v: ?8 M6 G0 V
I remember going to Davos some years back and sitting on a global health panel
% a/ s5 `0 R8 A' U4 I2 H6 _, Ythat was discussing ways to save millions of lives. Millions! Think of the th
4 c# ]3 R0 `6 V6 v0 X% srill of saving just one person's life – then multiply that by millions. … Ye 1 k" o ?6 A: E. Y
t this was the most boring panel I've ever been on – ever. So boring even I c " ]$ w7 `( @ k) x7 `9 Z S& x
ouldn't bear it. $ V) } I8 |8 r; u& ^2 l
3 `$ U7 u- ~3 s$ `4 c
几年前,我去瑞士达沃斯旁听一个全球健康问题论坛,会议的内容有关于如何拯救几百万
9 p, ~+ s! Y8 P5 |, }# {* D$ `条生命。天哪,是几百万!想一想吧,拯救一个人的生命已经让人何等激动,现在你要把
) c d1 [) S2 W这种激动再乘上几百万倍……但是,不幸的是,这是我参加过的最最乏味的论坛,乏味到 . N; b7 t3 d" H/ s, q1 E+ |& o f; ^
我无法强迫自己听下去。 # u* g0 K7 N+ I: d# k6 n
8 e, Y; R9 Z9 n, t7 aWhat made that experience especially striking was that I had just come from an
$ {3 [# U- W$ A: a. L6 fevent where we were introducing version 13 of some piece of software, and we 6 j" P- k$ _ {% g2 ~; z" p
had people jumping and shouting with excitement. I love getting people excited
" R1 W; W2 V4 I! [4 Eabout software – but why can't we generate even more excitement for saving l * W' N& e+ w' W. K8 Q8 I$ z! Q
ives? 8 i1 S3 Y! x- v! s K* p$ V8 `' o% k
1 B* p6 j6 i/ |0 }' j那次经历之所以让我难忘,是因为之前我们刚刚发布了一个软件的第13个版本,我们让观 , F5 j+ b5 W5 P8 k
众激动得跳了起来,喊出了声。我喜欢人们因为软件而感到激动,那么我们为什么不能够
3 A" ]) ^3 m1 Z. r1 S" d让人们因为能够拯救生命而感到更加激动呢? # z4 X8 c' \6 |0 ?, V7 a
0 q( H3 }' ?5 g; s* S8 i. FYou can't get people excited unless you can help them see and feel the impact.
9 \! Q0 l9 C0 CAnd how you do that – is a complex question.
. O' @! x; z0 [+ j8 ~: b" v6 X7 F* h! T4 v/ ~+ O7 {
除非你能够让人们看到或者感受到行动的影响力,否则你无法让人们激动。如何做到这一 3 P4 A1 C5 b" [
点,并不是一件简单的事。
) G5 T o6 @# T3 B3 [' I* Z4 u4 P, \" b
Still, I'm optimistic. Yes, inequity has been with us forever, but the new too ; y, i4 w2 F9 I
ls we have to cut through complexity have not been with us forever. They are n $ v9 }, W1 v( c4 ?4 \
ew – they can help us make the most of our caring – and that's why the futur
% s) U7 u9 A& _" a; K5 Ke can be different from the past.
( X6 V$ ^1 x; g9 F4 j& W; I& \% c5 q* J2 M8 M
同前面一样,在这个问题上,我依然是乐观的。不错,人类的不平等有史以来一直存在, % V& q% L E ]* c
但是那些能够化繁为简的新工具,却是最近才出现的。这些新工具可以帮助我们,将人类 - ]/ @" L7 Q( c- C
的同情心发挥最大的作用,这就是为什么将来同过去是不一样的。 0 B" y6 H1 t3 h' q" ~( q9 e0 I
$ |& \. W, y6 v A% c ~
The defining and ongoing innovations of this age – biotechnology, the compute 3 f/ D8 l3 N& [9 Z7 ?( S
r, the Internet – give us a chance we've never had before to end extreme pove . a+ }8 B. S3 ~7 T0 ^" a4 K
rty and end death from preventable disease. D: i4 `1 v# y* N1 e: m+ M
/ u! L t: C: ^/ |这个时代无时无刻不在涌现出新的革新——生物技术,计算机,互联网——它们给了我们 * W! |! T6 W% n2 {& P
一个从未有过的机会,去终结那些极端的贫穷和非恶性疾病的死亡。 1 T# b0 E% {4 R) A- s0 \
8 n: J; O* [7 d5 l5 ~, ISixty years ago, George Marshall came to this commencement and announced a pla 4 L5 t6 M: B* n* L9 H W2 }; ~
n to assist the nations of post-war Europe. He said: "I think one difficulty i
5 X# D9 x! k$ O# t* \ h# R9 Ws that the problem is one of such enormous complexity that the very mass of fa % g7 s" t+ j6 }5 B8 K7 K e2 w
cts presented to the public by press and radio make it exceedingly difficult f
+ s1 B: G: ^ x. H- s3 U! }0 zor the man in the street to reach a clear appraisement of the situation. It is
1 l- ^: f- F2 H6 vvirtually impossible at this distance to grasp at all the real significance o 3 E( p% \: |4 V0 ^
f the situation."
- M, U/ \8 [8 r# A9 d- R/ s) V" N4 v. V! r/ m
六十年前,乔治·马歇尔也是在这个地方的毕业典礼上,宣布了一个计划,帮助那些欧洲
, B! v2 B2 F# _3 X# k国家的战后建设。他说:“我认为,困难的一点是这个问题太复杂,报纸和电台向公众源 8 U) o; r5 F }
源不断地提供各种事实,使得大街上的普通人极端难于清晰地判断形势。事实上,经过层
+ k9 q' \$ C% J _& n" ?5 l* {, ?9 w层传播,想要真正地把握形势,是根本不可能的。” % e) y* T' O! u) `, ?, l, a: s
7 ]$ g. A& g0 j) I4 V4 d9 l4 XThirty years after Marshall made his address, as my class graduated without me " m3 I# g8 u/ p+ m0 u- }3 B& ]
, technology was emerging that would make the world smaller, more open, more v 7 n& l& r7 L* W0 x( E1 y
isible, less distant.
: d7 p( y% L$ Q7 T0 D9 `" E p9 Q
* r$ _8 z8 @# S0 l$ \2 V: c3 `马歇尔发表这个演讲之后的三十年,我那一届学生毕业,当然我不在其中。那时,新技术
7 q' g% n ^3 i刚刚开始萌芽,它们将使得这个世界变得更小、更开放、更容易看到、距离更近。
4 x5 E9 }* F# i. z4 ]# O* ]3 U. C( p% l ]* M$ f4 N3 W
The emergence of low-cost personal computers gave rise to a powerful network t # ?$ N" N3 {# o
hat has transformed opportunities for learning and communicating.
1 q, U1 W2 b9 ?$ a9 n- }$ S7 t* ^) }& |, j. V
低成本的个人电脑的出现,使得一个强大的互联网有机会诞生,它为学习和交流提供了巨
$ `) Z9 A4 ^$ V2 k大的机会。 ) O% w/ l: h: s7 o4 S5 l* N& g! i
$ I, o5 x3 P+ x" |4 @3 n
The magical thing about this network is not just that it collapses distance an ( j* K" M% b- N1 o: ?( b9 w# e
d makes everyone your neighbor. It also dramatically increases the number of b
y' |. L4 _% g7 d( L2 _7 J0 [" orilliant minds we can have working together on the same problem – and that sc & h+ t M" t5 i: f+ n. e V* g5 z. A
ales up the rate of innovation to a staggering degree. + U: t" Q! X9 O8 i0 J4 E, c
& {7 S2 _- H- C
网络的神奇之处,不仅仅是它缩短了物理距离,使得天涯若比邻。它还极大地增加了怀有
$ n# ^" Y! d" E- v共同想法的人们聚集在一起的机会,我们可以为了解决同一个问题,一起共同工作。这就
+ k0 j" v6 ]5 S7 u7 F+ y- f p大大加快了革新的进程,发展速度简直快得让人震惊。 . s1 {0 M" U" L* M" R
. w* n O3 k5 h4 o( QAt the same time, for every person in the world who has access to this technol
6 I9 o/ o, I! d- [( gogy, five people don't. That means many creative minds are left out of this di
0 t8 g) B6 V) ^: T# E6 tscussion -- smart people with practical intelligence and relevant experience w
; s$ E) p2 H0 U/ r3 k% [8 J' _ho don't have the technology to hone their talents or contribute their ideas t : Y) E! x% O6 X) g; Y: `, S3 q
o the world.
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7 D0 w$ U/ h, v+ u A, i与此同时,世界上有条件上网的人,只是全部人口的六分之一。这意味着,还有许多具有
/ k. W/ |! ? a/ r. w: v创造性的人们,没有加入到我们的讨论中来。那些有着实际的操作经验和相关经历的聪明 " T+ Y7 C, S) _# m; g
人,却没有技术来帮助他们,将他们的天赋或者想法与全世界分享。 6 r2 B. ~* h0 A! {( T& ~
6 d% V9 y. H7 m. n; Y8 EWe need as many people as possible to have access to this technology, because # ?# i7 r4 s7 B1 ?9 a' n* [
these advances are triggering a revolution in what human beings can do for one 1 X4 f: P! y* Y2 p. I
another. They are making it possible not just for national governments, but f
, ^# a2 B% O" U5 ~6 M3 t% Tor universities, corporations, smaller organizations, and even individuals to " l8 X: z. C0 T7 t
see problems, see approaches, and measure the impact of their efforts to addre " W" u! F" L6 s, O. s( K
ss the hunger, poverty, and desperation George Marshall spoke of 60 years ago.
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* N8 p$ O+ A: T6 I [6 f3 n& ~7 @/ Z4 v5 u& r9 R2 s1 y
我们需要尽可能地让更多的人有机会使用新技术,因为这些新技术正在引发一场革命,人 f8 ?; \4 |: B) g
类将因此可以互相帮助。新技术正在创造一种可能,不仅是政府,还包括大学、公司、小
5 D9 w T+ o0 n% ?% |8 A7 ?* U3 F/ P5 n机构、甚至个人,能够发现问题所在、能够找到解决办法、能够评估他们努力的效果,去 ) ~, G7 b+ x% r: I' g
改变那些马歇尔六十年前就说到过的问题——饥饿、贫穷和绝望。
" V C2 [% B7 y) r5 b) |9 |2 [$ O6 D# h# A& U+ z" p/ T- C) }
Members of the Harvard Family: Here in the Yard is one of the great collection
6 d/ ~* E( ^, E0 H6 Ds of intellectual talent in the world. " \- C& {2 ~; B2 L. p
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哈佛是一个大家庭。这个院子里在场的人们,是全世界最有智力的人类群体之一。 ; @: ]/ r- H) S* Q7 e
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What for?
& V' i# m0 g- m! P. a6 c- V% e% f2 _ i; ?$ Q; j
我们可以做些什么? + \/ u. g% l, L# g. W4 { I
$ B; S7 W. x+ r& F
There is no question that the faculty, the alumni, the students, and the benef $ |: E2 W$ E: a1 W
actors of Harvard have used their power to improve the lives of people here an
$ @. v' b3 i+ [( f3 r) bd around the world. But can we do more? Can Harvard dedicate its intellect to
+ T, p! J; {, w5 M0 z: Eimproving the lives of people who will never even hear its name? # h5 l8 H I# w+ E6 A3 l: ]; a6 z
% O& _8 r% o2 j/ }' {毫无疑问,哈佛的老师、校友、学生和资助者,已经用他们的能力改善了全世界各地人们 . b" O( u8 |- f, y% g" g
的生活。但是,我们还能够再做什么呢?有没有可能,哈佛的人们可以将他们的智慧,用 ! z2 r3 h* M2 \1 l% N" m
来帮助那些甚至从来没有听到过“哈佛”这个名字的人? . {$ i, ?. s. L& ^: C. w
X3 I7 V- O9 jLet me make a request of the deans and the professors – the intellectual lead $ K9 h/ g5 {0 Y- n* [! e$ l5 E
ers here at Harvard: As you hire new faculty, award tenure, review curriculum, - N: ~$ C* x- z B7 i
and determine degree requirements, please ask yourselves: % w) C( T+ w! _' _
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请允许我向各位院长和教授,提出一个请求——你们是哈佛的智力领袖,当你们雇用新的
! Y6 D" {8 ~( k5 c h! C2 l老师、授予终身教职、评估课程、决定学位颁发标准的时候,请问你们自己如下的问题: / m0 }% f# K) z# o/ P
B6 h7 E2 O0 \8 D3 c$ ~( a
' ~1 [4 I1 M3 {5 r+ k: k2 b" q
Should our best minds be dedicated to solving our biggest problems? ) h. z5 f' W" f& u
9 e/ y( Y% C1 s$ E" Z我们最优秀的人才是否在致力于解决我们最大的问题? + ~7 Z" M2 h7 r" P4 [
5 O3 g: X9 P" i+ c- D/ VShould Harvard encourage its faculty to take on the world's worst inequities?
; I8 k0 U( B# h) t2 C6 [Should Harvard students learn about the depth of global poverty … the prevale
5 @6 K' h8 J' O: m& rnce of world hunger … the scarcity of clean water …the girls kept out of sch
4 u/ @" h3 \( U' O X% S* z9 Wool … the children who die from diseases we can cure?
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) @( ~) I9 s- Z7 L. x& a' q5 ~$ i哈佛是否鼓励她的老师去研究解决世界上最严重的不平等?哈佛的学生是否从全球那些极 " |" v7 Y! L9 N) q
端的贫穷中学到了什么……世界性的饥荒……清洁的水资源的缺乏……无法上学的女童…
5 J i5 s/ U1 N% A…死于非恶性疾病的儿童……哈佛的学生有没有从中学到东西? 2 {6 F) d/ o9 }6 v3 z+ w) G! g8 C
4 \: y m& p8 ?: S% f5 C0 E' J9 }
Should the world's most privileged people learn about the lives of the world's - B) ^! H. ^: D# s- G& G4 x
least privileged?
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那些世界上过着最优越生活的人们,有没有从那些最困难的人们身上学到东西? ; E, J# w& N# \! k
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These are not rhetorical questions – you will answer with your policies. ( D* X) @0 R1 C3 N
/ }' P5 J# J9 I% x9 O这些问题并非语言上的修辞。你必须用自己的行动来回答它们。
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2 s( ~+ ^; H% F7 k' jMy mother, who was filled with pride the day I was admitted here – never stop
) ^ Z# h8 f+ w5 {" bped pressing me to do more for others. A few days before my wedding, she hoste
% D6 R& J1 d( ?9 b$ E% Qd a bridal event, at which she read aloud a letter about marriage that she had 4 A0 O/ R P i' M7 C
written to Melinda. My mother was very ill with cancer at the time, but she s
- E# h2 `: G% v7 R* ]# vaw one more opportunity to deliver her message, and at the close of the letter
+ D5 u+ Z$ }+ p( X& gshe said: "From those to whom much is given, much is expected." % G0 q0 z4 B; r) h* e: o& m. x# k( H `
0 f, c$ e+ L0 C& G. X9 o. }. u我的母亲在我被哈佛大学录取的那一天,曾经感到非常骄傲。她从没有停止督促我,去为
6 C; D* [+ o/ u9 B; V: d' }1 U他人做更多的事情。在我结婚的前几天,她主持了一个新娘进我家的仪式。在这个仪式上 ) {9 T9 e o& t- A' Z0 u3 r: y# {
,她高声朗读了一封关于婚姻的信,这是她写给Melinda的。那时,我的母亲已经因为癌症 ! \- W; g) H$ q
病入膏肓,但是她还是认为这是又一个传播她的信念的机会。在那封信的结尾,她写道: 8 s/ q0 m# Y; d3 _4 E" }" o$ B% f
“对于那些接受了许多帮助的人们,他们还在期待更多的帮助。你的能力越大,人们对你
( Y. s8 a' ?0 H+ y# X, a3 D的期望也就越大。” 4 T+ f% _. C4 B4 Q0 f! Z% P$ f
4 t+ H: d5 l* n, P6 U* Q; T
When you consider what those of us here in this Yard have been given – in tal # ~; x. C9 x5 D- H+ y3 I, B
ent, privilege, and opportunity – there is almost no limit to what the world }: u, W3 G d% \' f
has a right to expect from us. * K& h/ |/ E& J: q- B
) M( }5 W6 }, L4 m# t' V$ ] Q想一想吧,我们在这个院子里的这些人,被给予过什么——天赋、特权、机遇——那么可 3 \5 }0 s* d& o. H# _3 \+ }
以这样说,全世界的人们几乎有无限的权力,期待我们做出贡献。
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In line with the promise of this age, I want to exhort each of the graduates h
6 v! N) p( O' R- y3 D7 A& t6 H/ W! I9 Cere to take on an issue – a complex problem, a deep inequity, and become a sp . b: Q5 g/ d" d: h0 T/ A
ecialist on it. If you make it the focus of your career, that would be phenome
6 \* r( r$ G& U4 P2 snal. But you don't have to do that to make an impact. For a few hours every we
% O& n! F7 s: A- `! i3 L1 M! M4 Fek, you can use the growing power of the Internet to get informed, find others
% G8 H1 b1 [% W9 c/ _4 D8 v5 nwith the same interests, see the barriers, and find ways to cut through them. % |5 y8 E1 I, k7 V2 ?
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; y, a# h# r/ {( o4 J9 ?% F同这个时代的期望一样,我也要向今天各位毕业的同学提出一个忠告:你们要选择一个问
* Z& z5 K$ M9 K* x( b0 T! L5 b: b题,一个复杂的问题,一个有关于人类深刻的不平等的问题,然后你们要变成这个问题的 * E' c! j$ @* o
专家。如果你们能够使得这个问题成为你们职业的核心,那么你们就会非常杰出。但是, - F) D) W& w3 M+ f) w. ?( K
你们不必一定要去做那些大事。每个星期只用几个小时,你就可以通过互联网得到信息,
' S2 S# r# X' V# J' Q$ {0 u找到志同道合的朋友,发现困难所在,找到解决它们的途径。 2 q) x7 ] a+ R$ c$ ]* h
7 v4 L& t m9 ?Don't let complexity stop you. Be activists. Take on the big inequities. It wi % l( ?8 G5 O$ `* c: Y: W
ll be one of the great experiences of your lives. 8 i q* c! o2 ^5 _0 K) M- W: f
, |: m0 ^+ e( F# p, i/ p6 l不要让这个世界的复杂性阻碍你前进。要成为一个行动主义者。将解决人类的不平等视为 & f T3 N, }2 s P8 L6 d. u
己任。它将成为你生命中最重要的经历之一。 8 |/ J' t1 ^$ |5 E" t6 b ?- e- d
3 o+ o( z' g, U" z9 B/ QYou graduates are coming of age in an amazing time. As you leave Harvard, you
$ p2 u' L* x( f- _$ | ^) fhave technology that members of my class never had. You have awareness of glob " ~2 \0 h9 D% ~ N0 _8 @0 `) e
al inequity, which we did not have. And with that awareness, you likely also h
6 c# r5 F" s* q* p9 aave an informed conscience that will torment you if you abandon these people w
! N8 H/ p% X1 x1 P! ahose lives you could change with very little effort. You have more than we had
/ ^, i5 g5 e, B; you must start sooner, and carry on longer. & p3 |, Z, y; k* J) R0 O) N e
: ~4 Q/ v/ s2 R# b. ~+ B: d在座的各位毕业的同学,你们所处的时代是一个神奇的时代。当你们离开哈佛的时候,你 8 e9 `5 Z' x7 Z/ M
们拥有的技术,是我们那一届学生所没有的。你们已经了解到了世界上的不平等,我们那
& q( u) e: ^' ]2 W% A) z时还不知道这些。有了这样的了解之后,要是你再弃那些你可以帮助的人们于不顾,就将 $ Y" w+ Z1 d* p
受到良心的谴责,只需一点小小的努力,你就可以改变那些人们的生活。你们比我们拥有 " g$ p" F* Y: D1 x1 j* v% O
更大的能力;你们必须尽早开始,尽可能长时期坚持下去。 1 o6 H3 d1 o' Q0 F
+ r% N; i' u( e. k& Q. NKnowing what you know, how could you not? 4 W; }3 @) s2 I8 f/ ?* b
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知道了你们所知道的一切,你们怎么可能不采取行动呢? , T! }' b7 X; x( K: b5 X1 u. E! a, y
: _+ T9 S3 O+ Z8 B! q
And I hope you will come back here to Harvard 30 years from now and reflect on
! b; r: W( W% a; a5 [what you have done with your talent and your energy. I hope you will judge yo ( \) Q6 r Z y5 l3 ?' ]- {3 [) Q
urselves not on your professional accomplishments alone, but also on how well
" _' u' g% V Y$ F5 [you have addressed the world's deepest inequities … on how well you treated p
0 y& d6 X8 a! X+ R+ Q/ f6 D# yeople a world away who have nothing in common with you but their humanity. ' k7 s5 ^& F- k o
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我希望,30年后你们还会再回到哈佛,想起你们用自己的天赋和能力所做出的一切。我希
! M' I1 j$ ]2 A1 c; I望,在那个时候,你们用来评价自己的标准,不仅仅是你们的专业成就,而包括你们为改 * I( x+ P b( ~) \
变这个世界深刻的不平等所做出的努力,以及你们如何善待那些远隔千山万水、与你们毫 ! o! z# A+ a* f6 W' P& |
不涉及的人们,你们与他们唯一的共同点就是同为人类。 |
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