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2008-11-02 01:02:11 来自: lightpie(上次登录还是1.5年前.....)
* U& a' C$ N2 D1 o! c9 X5 K1 X比尔·盖茨在哈佛大学毕业典礼上的演讲 9 [, U: P2 S3 l9 T7 b J
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2007年6月7日
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# b% r) o6 U' L' p阮一峰 译 : a' @( u, r. B' y5 \5 g" \' B
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President Bok, former President Rudenstine, incoming President Faust, members
# A1 w) h0 G& b+ Qof the Harvard Corporation and the Board of Overseers, members of the faculty, " p" j2 u" k) f4 i* f* w }" {. c5 Q
parents, and especially, the graduates:
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尊敬的Bok校长,Rudenstine前校长,即将上任的Faust校长,哈佛集团的各位成员,监管
J8 D2 N3 k4 |. }) T! C6 o' K理事会的各位理事,各位老师,各位家长,各位同学:
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) G) z+ N/ d9 c0 KI've been waiting more than 30 years to say this: "Dad, I always told you I'd 6 @( k6 X; ^8 o2 l' [
come back and get my degree." 4 S& g! c H0 {" A" n
" I5 a' [; O' u0 F; S有一句话我等了三十年,现在终于可以说了:“老爸,我总是跟你说,我会回来拿到我的
" e- T# j' | B$ V4 v6 i学位的!” : r/ _5 e2 T. j1 d) s
* U2 m/ O* n1 z% t Y4 J4 ?+ Z3 NI want to thank Harvard for this timely honor. I'll be changing my job next ye 8 b" \+ c$ |4 f$ w8 h
ar … and it will be nice to finally have a college degree on my resume. , k- u! C- P* n
7 S B6 _$ P9 |5 e) u; D$ C" c我要感谢哈佛大学在这个时候给我这个荣誉。明年,我就要换工作了(注:指从微软公司
; h' W/ H/ j0 r) B K8 l退休)……我终于可以在简历上写我有一个本科学位,这真是不错啊。
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, D1 G5 h, M2 cI applaud the graduates today for taking a much more direct route to your degr
; U3 Q: J) _; P3 s4 tees. For my part, I'm just happy that the Crimson has called me "Harvard's mos , o! U2 ?- @' m, W
t successful dropout." I guess that makes me valedictorian of my own special c / F- g8 L: _( N- X, E
lass … I did the best of everyone who failed. 7 X# f2 M+ U2 N! h* N' `# y& L8 \, ^6 U: a
; W& C- _8 n! K! h& g: C( i我为今天在座的各位同学感到高兴,你们拿到学位可比我简单多了。哈佛的校报称我是“ - W- E9 s$ }9 u s3 b# ^' `
哈佛大学历史上最成功的辍学生”。我想这大概使我有资格代表我这一类学生发言……在 4 t( z, g6 }* D3 E5 a
所有的失败者里,我做得最好。 8 ^* Y; H) V+ I3 V9 l
9 H1 l0 x% k& vBut I also want to be recognized as the guy who got Steve Ballmer to drop out
( C& u" ]. X2 b5 R8 L+ R3 Rof business school. I'm a bad influence. That's why I was invited to speak at
. g# ^- X1 x7 ^! n: dyour graduation. If I had spoken at your orientation, fewer of you might be he + t. ~0 \! I5 W7 V
re today. $ `" e4 _7 `- K$ V9 l, E
9 R0 b$ K, N2 Z9 x但是,我还要提醒大家,我使得Steve Ballmer(注:微软总经理)也从哈佛商学院退学了 6 Y" I4 P$ x" ]3 Y5 I
。因此,我是个有着恶劣影响力的人。这就是为什么我被邀请来在你们的毕业典礼上演讲
* A6 t* r1 M4 Q c% D4 Y。如果我在你们入学欢迎仪式上演讲,那么能够坚持到今天在这里毕业的人也许会少得多 $ w3 N0 H$ g+ `/ P' {
吧。
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1 K% G" P3 c6 Z4 U. R& t/ u& L0 ?) K+ ^Harvard was just a phenomenal experience for me. Academic life was fascinating
6 I1 S4 C$ ]* ]$ s5 t. I used to sit in on lots of classes I hadn't even signed up for. And dorm li " [+ c) u" Q/ m0 {# T; i
fe was terrific. I lived up at Radcliffe, in Currier House. There were always % n7 A& g) u: Q$ j# I0 D i1 b; R+ {" X
lots of people in my dorm room late at night discussing things, because everyo ! Q1 q) G) I F: k/ R
ne knew I didn't worry about getting up in the morning. That's how I came to b
' ^- T( F) a0 f' ^. h7 h1 k0 \; ue the leader of the anti-social group. We clung to each other as a way of vali
8 c0 _( V3 I5 }! x- a1 z2 Cdating our rejection of all those social people. 6 K+ j% B5 G) o% l& i- w
, q V; t% e. P) K: S对我来说,哈佛的求学经历是一段非凡的经历。校园生活很有趣,我常去旁听我没选修的
2 `8 E2 v9 I) w课。哈佛的课外生活也很棒,我在Radcliffe过着逍遥自在的日子。每天我的寝室里总有很
- K& p6 c8 M3 S8 @多人一直待到半夜,讨论着各种事情。因为每个人都知道我从不考虑第二天早起。这使得 ' U: m2 |' y6 g. ~% a
我变成了校园里那些不安分学生的头头,我们互相粘在一起,做出一种拒绝所有正常学生
' I. p4 }) D+ }; \) m1 ?9 N" f的姿态。 " T1 _; O+ D1 \- W$ O
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Radcliffe was a great place to live. There were more women up there, and most % q$ t7 T# J7 p7 Q
of the guys were science-math types. That combination offered me the best odds
% i3 y2 m ^( u V# ^, if you know what I mean. This is where I learned the sad lesson that improvi
# r$ x8 L/ h8 w) C8 c! wng your odds doesn't guarantee success.
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" D% B9 [7 O) F5 B* u/ }* YRadcliffe是个过日子的好地方。那里的女生比男生多,而且大多数男生都是理工科的。这
3 ^. S, q+ f; z1 D+ U5 D O/ m种状况为我创造了最好的机会,如果你们明白我的意思。可惜的是,我正是在这里学到了 & h4 s4 v2 I9 J% x7 ~
人生中悲伤的一课:机会大,并不等于你就会成功。
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" U5 S) D) b* o8 Y6 BOne of my biggest memories of Harvard came in January 1975, when I made a call : L$ l# p2 Y" {( a
from Currier House to a company in Albuquerque that had begun making the worl
4 @- u# }2 R4 Y& ]8 Z# m, E1 vd's first personal computers. I offered to sell them software. : t1 Q5 J k2 q T" S A% j
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我在哈佛最难忘的回忆之一,发生在1975年1月。那时,我从宿舍楼里给位于Albuquerque ' J b3 R4 I* Y' }. n
的一家公司打了一个电话,那家公司已经在着手制造世界上第一台个人电脑。我提出想向 $ p( c6 [ Y8 u6 p/ X. w7 l! L
他们出售软件。
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I worried that they would realize I was just a student in a dorm and hang up o
. `5 `* c( S! N/ in me. Instead they said: "We're not quite ready, come see us in a month," whic
( Z0 q& \1 i/ r. th was a good thing, because we hadn't written the software yet. From that mome
7 _, _ {) q6 j; s0 K9 b" ~5 B9 Lnt, I worked day and night on this little extra credit project that marked the
* T1 M& J) N$ qend of my college education and the beginning of a remarkable journey with Mi 9 R u3 |+ Z! ^; Z% ]
crosoft.
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" @: H$ H* K: M2 N我很担心,他们会发觉我是一个住在宿舍的学生,从而挂断电话。但是他们却说:“我们
0 H/ r$ ?4 v( J还没准备好,一个月后你再来找我们吧。”这是个好消息,因为那时软件还根本没有写出
1 q) [$ g: x a! e0 y& R: R来呢。就是从那个时候起,我日以继夜地在这个小小的课外项目上工作,这导致了我学生 4 l3 l' v' |( `, k( n& G; [
生活的结束,以及通往微软公司的不平凡的旅程的开始。 7 t8 h( A4 W. `! L$ Z
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What I remember above all about Harvard was being in the midst of so much ener : n/ W' v& g# ?/ Q. @2 b2 X
gy and intelligence. It could be exhilarating, intimidating, sometimes even di 7 A. v# m1 L, I/ D! r
scouraging, but always challenging. It was an amazing privilege – and though 1 m U. Z* f' z% H% F1 `2 g
I left early, I was transformed by my years at Harvard, the friendships I made
" \8 ^. N0 @# ^/ i; ^5 l I8 D, and the ideas I worked on.
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; x4 R8 D/ F; H不管怎样,我对哈佛的回忆主要都与充沛的精力和智力活动有关。哈佛的生活令人愉快,
. x. c0 ~3 l. x$ q9 }6 F也令人感到有压力,有时甚至会感到泄气,但永远充满了挑战性。生活在哈佛是一种吸引 4 M4 p+ p& i( K: v1 v) x
人的特殊待遇……虽然我离开得比较早,但是我在这里的经历、在这里结识的朋友、在这 & ~" \- {5 _, ^
里发展起来的一些想法,永远地改变了我。
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' w# `- r6 r& `3 B8 A2 Q+ rBut taking a serious look back … I do have one big regret.
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但是,如果现在严肃地回忆起来,我确实有一个真正的遗憾。 , Q% H Z \4 B; _% r7 n8 |1 ?3 r
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I left Harvard with no real awareness of the awful inequities in the world –
. ?: u# [$ \4 Y( Ethe appalling disparities of health, and wealth, and opportunity that condemn
2 W- d; {' ~2 fmillions of people to lives of despair.
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我离开哈佛的时候,根本没有意识到这个世界是多么的不平等。人类在健康、财富和机遇
; @" O6 a6 \6 P( b) b/ b8 x4 x上的不平等大得可怕,它们使得无数的人们被迫生活在绝望之中。
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I learned a lot here at Harvard about new ideas in economics and politics. I g
8 w' b0 o- l0 F6 q5 _1 j* X1 Aot great exposure to the advances being made in the sciences.
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5 g+ G b f; L4 V) u4 |我在哈佛学到了很多经济学和政治学的新思想。我也了解了很多科学上的新进展。 2 d6 D1 V( k; u6 u+ F# x
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But humanity's greatest advances are not in its discoveries – but in how thos . b3 |1 k8 [3 t! @
e discoveries are applied to reduce inequity. Whether through democracy, stron
8 v5 v1 N' d. W8 g4 D- n6 Cg public education, quality health care, or broad economic opportunity – redu
5 _/ r8 W9 k; K o. M, G, tcing inequity is the highest human achievement.
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但是,人类最大的进步并不来自于这些发现,而是来自于那些有助于减少人类不平等的发 - a7 [$ v! b) ~& \4 }0 }
现。不管通过何种手段——民主制度、健全的公共教育体系、高质量的医疗保健、还是广 $ h' }* ^+ c& Y$ {* I# b; J% l
泛的经济机会——减少不平等始终是人类最大的成就。
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1 m) N0 Z7 E/ t, {' DI left campus knowing little about the millions of young people cheated out of
" W6 P2 }- V( o" h0 |7 I3 x" _, f& Y% }educational opportunities here in this country. And I knew nothing about the ' W }. E: B. i1 h
millions of people living in unspeakable poverty and disease in developing cou
! i; C/ d7 Z3 i5 }0 B, f2 O* M( j: bntries.
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2 W6 U# u6 n( T! ?" [我离开校园的时候,根本不知道在这个国家里,有几百万的年轻人无法获得接受教育的机 $ D P0 |9 ~9 Q* k# y# X* d5 ^
会。我也不知道,发展中国家里有无数的人们生活在无法形容的贫穷和疾病之中。
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It took me decades to find out.
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我花了几十年才明白了这些事情。
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/ a8 M: k6 X. HYou graduates came to Harvard at a different time. You know more about the wor $ e$ m+ @0 }( N
ld's inequities than the classes that came before. In your years here, I hope
6 j* Z$ b! [* E4 O1 Zyou've had a chance to think about how – in this age of accelerating technolo ' G9 H* o$ o0 Q0 B7 _/ F, S
gy – we can finally take on these inequities, and we can solve them. ' c& T* d: W) d- E9 [
, }: b+ N2 i1 [ p( M9 U: K3 {; n/ y在座的各位同学,你们是在与我不同的时代来到哈佛的。你们比以前的学生,更多地了解 ) m1 ^ {- p2 A1 D
世界是怎样的不平等。在你们的哈佛求学过程中,我希望你们已经思考过一个问题,那就 # h6 e& _8 W! ?: k# S
是在这个新技术加速发展的时代,我们怎样最终应对这种不平等,以及我们怎样来解决这
! V: h8 y0 V* e: x个问题。 ! ^2 U2 i, B+ j* s+ s
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Imagine, just for the sake of discussion, that you had a few hours a week and
& c% O" Y$ j) Ea few dollars a month to donate to a cause – and you wanted to spend that tim
7 T7 a/ x( C& _8 k" m" Ne and money where it would have the greatest impact in saving and improving li + y7 E/ c! R( m1 G. D
ves. Where would you spend it? V% c( L H b
, z6 F/ I3 r$ e为了讨论的方便,请想象一下,假如你每个星期可以捐献一些时间、每个月可以捐献一些
7 b c, i f+ z5 {( ^钱——你希望这些时间和金钱,可以用到对拯救生命和改善人类生活有最大作用的地方。 r1 W( D6 m; x- H6 V2 a& j
你会选择什么地方?
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6 d6 c- q. c0 I9 e* j1 g7 e5 JFor Melinda and for me, the challenge is the same: how can we do the most good ' H! U. C7 u! q2 t2 O! U
for the greatest number with the resources we have.
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! B- T" M( H9 _4 X4 [/ a对Melinda(注:盖茨的妻子)和我来说,这也是我们面临的问题:我们如何能将我们拥有 ) R5 G* Q- Q3 T \5 M' i+ @
的资源发挥出最大的作用。 . H3 {5 c h: z: @& J! s5 H
5 k* b( E2 X! ?$ b6 rDuring our discussions on this question, Melinda and I read an article about t ' f0 s3 D* v* Q0 X
he millions of children who were dying every year in poor countries from disea
9 @% e$ B( L# U& d* J/ g( jses that we had long ago made harmless in this country. Measles, malaria, pneu
# L; ~. |" Z. bmonia, hepatitis B, yellow fever. One disease I had never even heard of, rotav
0 E" U+ Q$ P' T$ h: e. yirus, was killing half a million kids each year – none of them in the United
|3 }& j* `9 A& AStates. ! d9 G% S0 p. b2 r/ j8 X
1 t o2 l/ ~" J) `- H9 b1 M4 A- p在讨论过程中,Melinda和我读到了一篇文章,里面说在那些贫穷的国家,每年有数百万的 8 X% X3 ~9 g$ Y9 o) b$ G. U
儿童死于那些在美国早已不成问题的疾病。麻疹、疟疾、肺炎、乙型肝炎、黄热病、还有 , `# d" D' `0 O3 O
一种以前我从未听说过的轮状病毒,这些疾病每年导致50万儿童死亡,但是在美国一例死
) k) v# [2 Z* S4 [( F9 h" w亡病例也没有。 1 { X8 e9 d, X8 b1 r# ~
], i3 F q( m; FWe were shocked. We had just assumed that if millions of children were dying a
# G8 U9 g' q X: [nd they could be saved, the world would make it a priority to discover and del & I) R. t! |& r
iver the medicines to save them. But it did not. For under a dollar, there wer
2 [) j* c+ A d4 V- Te interventions that could save lives that just weren't being delivered.
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我们被震惊了。我们想,如果几百万儿童正在死亡线上挣扎,而且他们是可以被挽救的, ) X& K. A9 K( E& \" ~- p
那么世界理应将用药物拯救他们作为头等大事。但是事实并非如此。那些价格还不到一美
5 [/ A3 o# V+ r" t元的救命的药剂,并没有送到他们的手中。 - k( U" T1 s0 l8 }/ w4 L% _
* d$ A. W: X, s7 gIf you believe that every life has equal value, it's revolting to learn that s
# ~, C$ u {0 g5 V- \% |ome lives are seen as worth saving and others are not. We said to ourselves: " ( O9 n; d3 I0 N; w4 v
This can't be true. But if it is true, it deserves to be the priority of our g 9 _8 Z& h' n' F. {9 H8 T# _* b& z
iving."
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如果你相信每个生命都是平等的,那么当你发现某些生命被挽救了,而另一些生命被放弃
2 {8 i7 ?5 v6 ]7 O了,你会感到无法接受。我们对自己说:“事情不可能如此。如果这是真的,那么它理应 0 X3 C/ V% J& e2 @7 A
是我们努力的头等大事。” + V* W5 M. b6 w; v
, r9 p; W. y/ V* x9 ?8 HSo we began our work in the same way anyone here would begin it. We asked: "Ho
+ E! P) J I2 B1 a+ P+ n; \w could the world let these children die?"
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所以,我们用任何人都会想到的方式开始工作。我们问:“这个世界怎么可以眼睁睁看着 0 K9 D/ p4 a! B( q
这些孩子死去?”
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The answer is simple, and harsh. The market did not reward saving the lives of * i$ u7 f9 F% Y0 L4 [
these children, and governments did not subsidize it. So the children died be
; w: a* f% L& o3 C& |0 \cause their mothers and their fathers had no power in the market and no voice 5 J- O% B2 i' R _9 a
in the system. & ~8 t# ]6 g, t' u' |( p4 l
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答案很简单,也很令人难堪。在市场经济中,拯救儿童是一项没有利润的工作,政府也不
: `3 o J+ x* E) _" o会提供补助。这些儿童之所以会死亡,是因为他们的父母在经济上没有实力,在政治上没
9 g4 V) e% c6 E( ?( R有能力发出声音。 ! D2 G+ G$ P! Q+ s1 @
( ~3 c% p4 d/ oBut you and I have both.
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但是,你们和我在经济上有实力,在政治上能够发出声音。
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We can make market forces work better for the poor if we can develop a more cr
! _& y3 a8 J3 m, [. E( [eative capitalism – if we can stretch the reach of market forces so that more , x7 x" ?; R* c. T3 ^) O! }3 Q7 a" Z2 [
people can make a profit, or at least make a living, serving people who are s $ f; K* J% }. A3 Y# r4 ~" W2 G
uffering from the worst inequities. We also can press governments around the w + `8 Q& ?/ y O/ [
orld to spend taxpayer money in ways that better reflect the values of the peo
& q) v5 O0 D+ qple who pay the taxes.
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我们可以让市场更好地为穷人服务,如果我们能够设计出一种更有创新性的资本主义制度 9 s$ c# y; H8 P+ T* O
——如果我们可以改变市场,让更多的人可以获得利润,或者至少可以维持生活——那么
' s6 I6 D! I) e w ~,这就可以帮到那些正在极端不平等的状况中受苦的人们。我们还可以向全世界的政府施
7 V5 M1 J/ q7 ?+ L; T压,要求他们将纳税人的钱,花到更符合纳税人价值观的地方。 , K8 ?4 r$ m) c: g0 D9 S
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If we can find approaches that meet the needs of the poor in ways that generat 6 u- ?1 I5 B+ g# f
e profits for business and votes for politicians, we will have found a sustain
M+ J: L2 I7 t) q! Z- i9 ^able way to reduce inequity in the world. This task is open-ended. It can neve
2 n5 R+ E7 d- [$ @( W1 V# G# Pr be finished. But a conscious effort to answer this challenge will change the
/ E% N% g) a% E3 }8 {& _world.
$ q/ v0 p& q$ P f) D9 y
4 M1 \. y$ ? ^1 }) j8 x如果我们能够找到这样一种方法,既可以帮到穷人,又可以为商人带来利润,为政治家带
2 J* W" [* J) g T. i来选票,那么我们就找到了一种减少世界性不平等的可持续的发展道路。这个任务是无限
! P. m( J9 [ m6 Y- d# n的。它不可能被完全完成,但是任何自觉地解决这个问题的尝试,都将会改变这个世界。 ( W& W' D+ m. y7 D/ \6 q
( ]' u/ f4 B1 A2 r% B# C
5 ?1 P8 w' o; W; N! t U; m
I am optimistic that we can do this, but I talk to skeptics who claim there is
! V0 p" } W! S4 \( Wno hope. They say: "Inequity has been with us since the beginning, and will b # Y3 Q* Z ~% Y; H9 K" J
e with us till the end – because people just … don't … care." I completely 2 \% n6 G) z2 V5 K! S2 x, R/ M2 [- v
disagree. 8 D' J Z8 e$ S! g5 l
* E. d( ~, D" F& a- w
在这个问题上,我是乐观的。但是,我也遇到过那些感到绝望的怀疑主义者。他们说:“
" d" w7 Z; C) a# E9 h: _不平等从人类诞生的第一天就存在,到人类灭亡的最后一天也将存在。——因为人类对这 ; H$ l/ N1 F- ^! ]( o
个问题根本不在乎。”我完全不能同意这种观点。
9 E/ K# v' Z1 L0 }# u4 B! S! K8 [* H
I believe we have more caring than we know what to do with. ! I( ^8 k. e3 O9 q
F% {4 [) N( V1 E; W3 \: E我相信,问题不是我们不在乎,而是我们不知道怎么做。
0 u; }- G/ s) S" p7 I3 n9 Z( R2 v" ^) J, i8 h8 S) v
All of us here in this Yard, at one time or another, have seen human tragedies " x+ S4 ^/ f3 K; Y. L
that broke our hearts, and yet we did nothing – not because we didn't care,
8 U+ X8 T s, ^3 j. Dbut because we didn't know what to do. If we had known how to help, we would h / A8 H& O2 R# y c- ?( s/ Q2 [
ave acted.
" f6 ~5 |% H) j/ q0 l
2 Q, `. Y6 p% A' `$ H4 ]* ?此刻在这个院子里的所有人,生命中总有这样或那样的时刻,目睹人类的悲剧,感到万分
5 c0 y6 P" [0 M伤心。但是我们什么也没做,并非我们无动于衷,而是因为我们不知道做什么和怎么做。
% A: I8 Q& c1 ^/ ?+ Q. \ a如果我们知道如何做是有效的,那么我们就会采取行动。 , y' Q8 W- q2 }: H E6 o* X: _
% I. z/ ~1 \, O/ UThe barrier to change is not too little caring; it is too much complexity.
% n3 H9 l1 A2 ]1 w+ r: [) y* `* W [# Q! a3 g' Q/ m* y
改变世界的阻碍,并非人类的冷漠,而是世界实在太复杂。 3 J8 `6 u5 n( t
; |7 G, T3 J1 m
To turn caring into action, we need to see a problem, see a solution, and see
/ h' G% U; f6 i/ O- ethe impact. But complexity blocks all three steps. ' N6 u# T8 d; M. C2 V' X/ R% G
2 }) q3 Q, o6 k3 G8 S% ?3 F- O
为了将关心转变为行动,我们需要找到问题,发现解决办法的方法,评估后果。但是世界 6 w3 S! x2 D( f; D9 t) |& p) X
的复杂性使得所有这些步骤都难于做到。 + w3 E4 n1 K0 b, l7 }# G3 R% [4 ~! d: x
% k3 L6 X2 M' u% m) |Even with the advent of the Internet and 24-hour news, it is still a complex e
c9 \/ c1 o- Fnterprise to get people to truly see the problems. When an airplane crashes, o 8 J3 N. `8 @ v. N& H7 E
fficials immediately call a press conference. They promise to investigate, det
" c! B1 a }2 s+ F/ Xermine the cause, and prevent similar crashes in the future. $ b+ N, `& s; p7 c. ~# X
' O( s; O& q" h5 y即使有了互联网和24小时直播的新闻台,让人们真正发现问题所在,仍然十分困难。当一 $ o1 `/ h* P. Y* P# Q
架飞机坠毁了,官员们会立刻召开新闻发布会,他们承诺进行调查、找到原因、防止将来 7 H/ b9 |+ Q8 k
再次发生类似事故。 8 z' E n( q/ ~. F2 u, O( F
7 s/ u4 F; d, U
But if the officials were brutally honest, they would say: "Of all the people
9 B- Q( K/ p5 e9 W/ Sin the world who died today from preventable causes, one half of one percent o
y7 N0 {" `$ T3 ]9 v3 h; [f them were on this plane. We're determined to do everything possible to solve
( s ^" Q. ~, p7 c; ]. _1 {the problem that took the lives of the one half of one percent."
; ]( d. w3 a/ `: H9 O( I5 ~
0 p! |) e8 `' C1 Y% K. |3 d S但是如果那些官员敢说真话,他们就会说:“在今天这一天,全世界所有可以避免的死亡
, D2 y) n- p: @ g9 Y( ?, V之中,只有0.5%的死者来自于这次空难。我们决心尽一切努力,调查这个0.5%的死亡原因
2 `. ?& {# C5 k- f。” : w j! {; p( N; O3 }3 P
9 }4 A( `% v3 U- ~2 }The bigger problem is not the plane crash, but the millions of preventable dea 1 W/ `* |9 y, M- \/ O7 E8 i! r: `+ q/ z
ths.
4 D1 P* z) s' d' C
" e& A, x& l, h/ h显然,更重要的问题不是这次空难,而是其他几百万可以预防的死亡事件。
: c% A/ `8 u8 `
$ d ]: W: o m% mWe don't read much about these deaths. The media covers what's new – and mill
+ j7 K3 Y6 L% l* _6 B3 }8 e; cions of people dying is nothing new. So it stays in the background, where it's % ? w2 @3 \7 T0 R: d5 s
easier to ignore. But even when we do see it or read about it, it's difficult
4 Y ]2 S. i$ ], z w$ g; t/ Eto keep our eyes on the problem. It's hard to look at suffering if the situat
2 c6 N+ m2 W gion is so complex that we don't know how to help. And so we look away.
5 T) Y4 R& h. |+ }/ g! M- J
1 ?' v+ r) S3 M8 V2 t我们并没有很多机会了解那些死亡事件。媒体总是报告新闻,几百万人将要死去并非新闻
1 i( A2 f- ?# x. C2 S。如果没有人报道,那么这些事件就很容易被忽视。另一方面,即使我们确实目睹了事件
% @1 K8 |% S- I4 w1 f本身或者看到了相关报道,我们也很难持续关注这些事件。看着他人受苦是令人痛苦的, 1 Z1 U9 t9 g* p6 }' q
何况问题又如此复杂,我们根本不知道如何去帮助他人。所以我们会将脸转过去。
; c9 F/ s: Z# w" h j3 y& w) V5 v/ W# W0 k6 o9 e2 G
If we can really see a problem, which is the first step, we come to the second # t: ^ z' n# e/ e
step: cutting through the complexity to find a solution. 0 g4 b. }" c3 Q& Y& ^* n
0 l5 o+ Y8 F, z0 c* o2 V2 ?7 p就算我们真正发现了问题所在,也不过是迈出了第一步,接着还有第二步:那就是从复杂 * C' H8 d/ L0 O5 W( t6 F
的事件中找到解决办法。 - z' z" T) v" v9 _& E
, x% Z# K. c& _, _' k+ ?8 e' tFinding solutions is essential if we want to make the most of our caring. If w ! Y U2 ?3 N7 B# c `
e have clear and proven answers anytime an organization or individual asks "Ho
7 P* Q2 h6 }/ d! }+ }" Xw can I help?," then we can get action – and we can make sure that none of th , f; I0 `' S/ W/ t
e caring in the world is wasted. But complexity makes it hard to mark a path o ( X' d8 _- ]) k, o
f action for everyone who cares — and that makes it hard for their caring to
. I: d% @! u2 g. Q6 v$ vmatter.
$ _% n% W# C" Q& r
, X) n! P$ k# M+ v7 F" o- d如果我们要让关心落到实处,我们就必须找到解决办法。如果我们有一个清晰的和可靠的
; ?# Z: h0 @. b0 J" g答案,那么当任何组织和个人发出疑问“如何我能提供帮助”的时候,我们就能采取行动
& R3 @% W5 Z& I3 N。我们就能够保证不浪费一丁点全世界人类对他人的关心。但是,世界的复杂性使得很难
. P S s5 W/ p找到对全世界每一个有爱心的人都有效的行动方法,因此人类对他人的关心往往很难产生
) J' Z. _, [' B9 N实际效果。
2 w' w1 c0 U/ v
! i: ~- Z0 [' ]) XCutting through complexity to find a solution runs through four predictable st ( y2 z. e! }- N1 X8 t6 ~
ages: determine a goal, find the highest-leverage approach, discover the ideal ' l" o9 \8 r% h$ n" [
technology for that approach, and in the meantime, make the smartest applicat
; j* u, u ?5 `3 A* h% I% }% a0 Aion of the technology that you already have — whether it's something sophisti $ I7 [$ S, \' f) Z' S- @+ W p$ B
cated, like a drug, or something simpler, like a bednet. ' {% s4 A( `: _/ r( Q5 U7 g
' j/ ]' O3 Y J: y0 ]从这个复杂的世界中找到解决办法,可以分为四个步骤:确定目标,找到最高效的方法, ! t; e6 b' `" Q, \) b5 q
发现适用于这个方法的新技术,同时最聪明地利用现有的技术,不管它是复杂的药物,还 . b3 M6 ^) P3 g
是最简单的蚊帐。 ! ]$ t! k# O! ]( b4 I. H! h" m
% [1 n9 _) M: Z+ y1 y% @The AIDS epidemic offers an example. The broad goal, of course, is to end the ( w! F/ R9 z" n/ r6 z* k
disease. The highest-leverage approach is prevention. The ideal technology wou
1 m% }7 N0 c0 G$ t2 _ld be a vaccine that gives lifetime immunity with a single dose. So government
7 S7 `/ C+ Z$ J% Ms, drug companies, and foundations fund vaccine research. But their work is li
8 O" I# d* w m. d) D0 ^kely to take more than a decade, so in the meantime, we have to work with what " _; T3 B: U( T; h
we have in hand – and the best prevention approach we have now is getting pe
- G# M: T% I$ nople to avoid risky behavior.
9 j: l$ N0 o3 k% ?$ V- @6 C
, r4 `& O& x" `* q艾滋病就是一个例子。总的目标,毫无疑问是消灭这种疾病。最高效的方法是预防。最理
' {2 _1 h C$ U( I& \想的技术是发明一种疫苗,只要注射一次,就可以终生免疫。所以,政府、制药公司、基
8 `# z) t' V! J. p( g% p金会应该资助疫苗研究。但是,这样研究工作很可能十年之内都无法完成。因此,与此同
Y, @& v& a- W1 x& G7 w1 y% {时,我们必须使用现有的技术,目前最有效的预防方法就是设法让人们避免那些危险的行
! l# D" ~1 B5 a0 H+ l8 {- `& J为。 + P7 G/ H6 ~5 h; w1 c5 n6 v
& q2 n$ J2 f2 x, }Pursuing that goal starts the four-step cycle again. This is the pattern. The 8 I1 ]1 o' Q" x- d) I
crucial thing is to never stop thinking and working – and never do what we di + Z7 f y: L2 u* s
d with malaria and tuberculosis in the 20th century – which is to surrender t : H7 C }) F0 \) m/ W
o complexity and quit. 3 [+ s4 Q4 ?2 \$ A: O! e
! k7 Z9 }$ o- n3 M$ Y B; W
要实现这个新的目标,又可以采用新的四步循环。这是一种模式。关键的东西是永远不要
0 Q7 X/ O- u6 _6 Z6 {% X停止思考和行动。我们千万不能再犯上个世纪在疟疾和肺结核上犯过的错误,那时我们因
1 }1 d5 p1 X$ f$ v. q% F. x为它们太复杂,而放弃了采取行动。 : t) G: g' ~! ?# a/ @5 T
$ R/ T! D3 n2 N) _/ r
The final step – after seeing the problem and finding an approach – is to me
) s8 ~* ?" g+ ? |asure the impact of your work and share your successes and failures so that ot
3 e6 Y3 T2 t0 b, n$ T" }9 x& ihers learn from your efforts. 6 L8 ?* U5 A: }( R
5 I0 t% Y; I2 h! p在发现问题和找到解决方法之后,就是最后一步——评估工作结果,将你的成功经验或者 : }, B0 \# }( {" O: R( M b
失败经验传播出去,这样其他人就可以从你的努力中有所收获。 " X/ j: e' C) o
9 P3 V6 `5 o6 h2 I4 @1 }You have to have the statistics, of course. You have to be able to show that a 2 Q, D0 X+ B9 u3 R% h. a& Q
program is vaccinating millions more children. You have to be able to show a
! v3 S# y2 X% @5 @5 L* Zdecline in the number of children dying from these diseases. This is essential
) L- a q" k. z; D8 l3 Fnot just to improve the program, but also to help draw more investment from b 7 U+ \, u7 K( p# I+ d8 _' R
usiness and government. ; d3 `! }6 l# r" ?6 ~" E1 A
! Y& y& H8 q/ e0 z
当然,你必须有一些统计数字。你必须让他人知道,你的项目为几百万儿童新接种了疫苗
?1 P" N. L* a" O d6 a。你也必须让他人知道,儿童死亡人数下降了多少。这些都是很关键的,不仅有利于改善
) R+ c! b$ `5 w2 H0 H0 R项目效果,也有利于从商界和政府得到更多的帮助。 & G8 K0 O# `" Y3 }- b J8 N- B
& I; k% c; x5 A! U! D$ n7 }8 WBut if you want to inspire people to participate, you have to show more than n
1 A: l0 E, g1 ~- R+ y/ ^umbers; you have to convey the human impact of the work – so people can feel
" v6 e+ D" m* @what saving a life means to the families affected. + X5 j* b# Y) W4 o& ^( ~2 ~
{) D/ A* t$ W$ C$ b- x
但是,这些还不够,如果你想激励其他人参加你的项目,你就必须拿出更多的统计数字; ; b$ g6 k# t* v) r3 B
你必须展示你的项目的人性因素,这样其他人就会感到拯救一个生命,对那些处在困境中 k# Q/ h, F4 T1 f+ N0 Z: I
的家庭到底意味着什么。 4 _' I0 a B, d9 Q- x, m
" D: A+ j$ \ h1 e) b$ u1 O' \: ~
I remember going to Davos some years back and sitting on a global health panel - V% J) D4 C2 U2 C4 {8 u
that was discussing ways to save millions of lives. Millions! Think of the th 4 h) ^% ~( ~9 o# @) N! c' r
rill of saving just one person's life – then multiply that by millions. … Ye
- |; }* O# J# i- Nt this was the most boring panel I've ever been on – ever. So boring even I c
( w: v8 `' e. p2 [/ T2 `4 uouldn't bear it. ! H, T, i8 z; I% U6 z$ v9 |1 m9 c
8 h8 M& _' O' ^3 X) q
几年前,我去瑞士达沃斯旁听一个全球健康问题论坛,会议的内容有关于如何拯救几百万
# ^3 \ X! o$ M# R( H4 }条生命。天哪,是几百万!想一想吧,拯救一个人的生命已经让人何等激动,现在你要把 9 e0 ~' P; r8 o4 B
这种激动再乘上几百万倍……但是,不幸的是,这是我参加过的最最乏味的论坛,乏味到
' X3 K" ]4 V1 F+ h3 W我无法强迫自己听下去。 $ E' c" l" ]' f0 C) G
h& v5 U$ L6 K. p" n# T
What made that experience especially striking was that I had just come from an ( `4 f. ?6 {5 a
event where we were introducing version 13 of some piece of software, and we
( E- v: o' Q5 y* B& q+ \( uhad people jumping and shouting with excitement. I love getting people excited . T( g1 Q3 i$ C% o2 e2 U3 {
about software – but why can't we generate even more excitement for saving l
9 t8 w% f, F W$ b4 Z1 Lives? + y" i* W6 i# e+ N
, J/ x1 B6 ]) g) v3 `$ B那次经历之所以让我难忘,是因为之前我们刚刚发布了一个软件的第13个版本,我们让观 8 e' l/ u* N& _
众激动得跳了起来,喊出了声。我喜欢人们因为软件而感到激动,那么我们为什么不能够 ! S. \, x/ j( f2 V" \9 ~7 y
让人们因为能够拯救生命而感到更加激动呢?
2 Q" F% _1 x) E
( W7 F! G$ O2 G) J- e+ E+ h; }) {You can't get people excited unless you can help them see and feel the impact. $ L9 E7 j' o- J4 x7 l$ j# ^7 j
And how you do that – is a complex question. ( a, Q. f/ T# j. g: o1 p" q
, t. z! u' b* ]: k/ a除非你能够让人们看到或者感受到行动的影响力,否则你无法让人们激动。如何做到这一 4 _# q! `' `. P6 b) s
点,并不是一件简单的事。 3 K* b8 f: }& @7 |
5 U8 F( |6 N0 Y8 w2 {
Still, I'm optimistic. Yes, inequity has been with us forever, but the new too 5 |' s+ c5 _: W7 I* x
ls we have to cut through complexity have not been with us forever. They are n
g) Z9 p7 A, o/ J' yew – they can help us make the most of our caring – and that's why the futur : q T; Y9 }7 w' l5 O j& `
e can be different from the past.
/ T: }, S1 g( h( _
5 c# @8 Q: x/ C. T: y! h) ~- [同前面一样,在这个问题上,我依然是乐观的。不错,人类的不平等有史以来一直存在, ; h* z2 J; |, Q1 T# Z1 v1 d( }0 Q
但是那些能够化繁为简的新工具,却是最近才出现的。这些新工具可以帮助我们,将人类
5 I5 i" Y6 A) G# V [. }0 Q的同情心发挥最大的作用,这就是为什么将来同过去是不一样的。 : T( P" s: l! J: I2 [
( y0 D- P7 Q# ]0 d" F- I ~The defining and ongoing innovations of this age – biotechnology, the compute
2 }7 q J+ N2 K/ dr, the Internet – give us a chance we've never had before to end extreme pove & O' H& k4 @- Q" X8 y
rty and end death from preventable disease. # D6 F6 i9 `( K0 {. A1 v% V X, \
! F. s8 M2 F/ q6 Q4 l; J这个时代无时无刻不在涌现出新的革新——生物技术,计算机,互联网——它们给了我们
1 e3 j! `& M4 G/ m6 m) G. c- M一个从未有过的机会,去终结那些极端的贫穷和非恶性疾病的死亡。 * o9 h5 W X8 ~5 o1 j% v
p- d# X4 w5 ?4 K( g2 p
Sixty years ago, George Marshall came to this commencement and announced a pla
0 `+ L: S. L4 X- _" Yn to assist the nations of post-war Europe. He said: "I think one difficulty i & a7 X6 ?+ M$ V+ J+ p( n$ G5 ^
s that the problem is one of such enormous complexity that the very mass of fa
) F& M, E, Q. ects presented to the public by press and radio make it exceedingly difficult f
# z5 H8 x8 V, v3 i/ |% eor the man in the street to reach a clear appraisement of the situation. It is
! T1 M5 h3 D/ e8 W5 @+ K! x2 r7 Svirtually impossible at this distance to grasp at all the real significance o
2 }5 F. z, _# k4 c1 M7 N/ uf the situation." 8 `9 }, p/ n0 J4 A# z4 W! p
5 |: _8 w4 M6 o5 D
六十年前,乔治·马歇尔也是在这个地方的毕业典礼上,宣布了一个计划,帮助那些欧洲
# V3 J3 I7 y% O }1 J: {3 d/ }国家的战后建设。他说:“我认为,困难的一点是这个问题太复杂,报纸和电台向公众源
2 m, x0 {% J! P; |% f( G- A源不断地提供各种事实,使得大街上的普通人极端难于清晰地判断形势。事实上,经过层 7 U( o% T* k( _
层传播,想要真正地把握形势,是根本不可能的。”
, t# D6 z/ ? X( ?8 [3 s9 `% Y& |( G: n3 @% h9 }8 k
Thirty years after Marshall made his address, as my class graduated without me ; z! L1 |% P1 }% y2 J& L# k
, technology was emerging that would make the world smaller, more open, more v 7 U' c4 X: f3 g7 h9 [
isible, less distant. , f0 n: u; s ?% l
2 z3 `' s5 I0 X
马歇尔发表这个演讲之后的三十年,我那一届学生毕业,当然我不在其中。那时,新技术 & Q$ r$ O7 f4 M/ r# G
刚刚开始萌芽,它们将使得这个世界变得更小、更开放、更容易看到、距离更近。 - m, a6 e) }1 O4 |* f+ @9 G& L* B
. w/ B# X1 R9 }The emergence of low-cost personal computers gave rise to a powerful network t
9 W: h& M2 l8 F4 {* {. Chat has transformed opportunities for learning and communicating. 8 l/ H/ w7 ^! a
$ j, g1 f0 g5 ^5 {0 l0 w t9 k
低成本的个人电脑的出现,使得一个强大的互联网有机会诞生,它为学习和交流提供了巨
# Y, v) b6 B7 L: c5 b% W2 D- }- G大的机会。 8 `( @8 ^: j; I/ s6 W
% B3 w5 ?6 r- ]1 Q. m7 L
The magical thing about this network is not just that it collapses distance an 0 Y& ~" Y/ b+ c6 O
d makes everyone your neighbor. It also dramatically increases the number of b 1 {, i, ?7 i$ l1 \+ n
rilliant minds we can have working together on the same problem – and that sc / }) z" S4 \( A/ _' O
ales up the rate of innovation to a staggering degree.
6 p$ }! q9 D/ \. }/ x3 |9 v) y9 z- m. d' |% d+ b
网络的神奇之处,不仅仅是它缩短了物理距离,使得天涯若比邻。它还极大地增加了怀有 % g& n1 u! {0 m2 I. X/ S% M$ m W
共同想法的人们聚集在一起的机会,我们可以为了解决同一个问题,一起共同工作。这就
/ G2 P3 Y. N1 w w2 M! L大大加快了革新的进程,发展速度简直快得让人震惊。 ( J& ^: E; @/ w$ L& c9 p
* n$ r& r/ |+ O+ B3 j4 ?- `6 g8 L9 ZAt the same time, for every person in the world who has access to this technol 1 t$ u/ m1 l4 ?' p5 ^
ogy, five people don't. That means many creative minds are left out of this di 4 ?3 l& K1 l) m) a6 P) U
scussion -- smart people with practical intelligence and relevant experience w
& |- q9 L( \* R3 P; `ho don't have the technology to hone their talents or contribute their ideas t ! ^* V' J# k' H% U. c5 K" t7 f
o the world. 6 z4 H5 }/ j. U4 G' u
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与此同时,世界上有条件上网的人,只是全部人口的六分之一。这意味着,还有许多具有
; E( A2 X, y. h9 o e创造性的人们,没有加入到我们的讨论中来。那些有着实际的操作经验和相关经历的聪明
) H7 {* y/ r# K% @人,却没有技术来帮助他们,将他们的天赋或者想法与全世界分享。 ' l4 B; I1 X2 o2 n% ^0 J6 r
4 |# N- \, i4 ~% XWe need as many people as possible to have access to this technology, because
5 [, ^4 T* E T! W- ~these advances are triggering a revolution in what human beings can do for one 7 k# k% f& D9 F1 i% F, X
another. They are making it possible not just for national governments, but f
& X. g6 }+ y5 ], t8 A wor universities, corporations, smaller organizations, and even individuals to
4 i$ w; K& f* e8 U9 S5 J/ Ksee problems, see approaches, and measure the impact of their efforts to addre 4 L, X: U1 Y; P$ R6 M2 F
ss the hunger, poverty, and desperation George Marshall spoke of 60 years ago. ; R- u k% Y8 M$ Y3 R
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& _$ C1 W) e# T. m* ]9 o
我们需要尽可能地让更多的人有机会使用新技术,因为这些新技术正在引发一场革命,人
! V3 n$ Y; N" W3 K% _+ _类将因此可以互相帮助。新技术正在创造一种可能,不仅是政府,还包括大学、公司、小
: H4 M" {; R5 G* j机构、甚至个人,能够发现问题所在、能够找到解决办法、能够评估他们努力的效果,去 8 Z8 {5 h& c5 T: s a: M
改变那些马歇尔六十年前就说到过的问题——饥饿、贫穷和绝望。 % B6 W4 ^. Z3 K# V/ Z. F$ Q
5 w/ U4 H; D" s5 X$ |8 _Members of the Harvard Family: Here in the Yard is one of the great collection
* [5 z" k' e6 j1 P5 `1 Js of intellectual talent in the world.
/ n7 A+ |( e6 @
+ X5 R. f& b ?5 G; D |哈佛是一个大家庭。这个院子里在场的人们,是全世界最有智力的人类群体之一。
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What for? , @7 M" G p& U2 ?2 y. V+ d1 m
4 }0 ^( H; X8 C7 V5 c
我们可以做些什么?
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There is no question that the faculty, the alumni, the students, and the benef , ?3 a' v( V* |: K
actors of Harvard have used their power to improve the lives of people here an . B# [2 |1 l8 u0 C
d around the world. But can we do more? Can Harvard dedicate its intellect to
* B0 C* Q( j1 c, [: i- ] Vimproving the lives of people who will never even hear its name? # P& o/ w2 ^' P- C
' A: _+ n5 e9 c0 S. C3 u毫无疑问,哈佛的老师、校友、学生和资助者,已经用他们的能力改善了全世界各地人们
. A6 y- T; Y3 c( N; i的生活。但是,我们还能够再做什么呢?有没有可能,哈佛的人们可以将他们的智慧,用 7 d7 ~8 R4 [( b: z+ H. K
来帮助那些甚至从来没有听到过“哈佛”这个名字的人? 4 q# S/ Q7 Z' ]
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Let me make a request of the deans and the professors – the intellectual lead
9 W3 u5 P$ G2 W$ t/ ]. S( lers here at Harvard: As you hire new faculty, award tenure, review curriculum,
8 y+ K: S( V% o ^/ ^* Mand determine degree requirements, please ask yourselves: 9 B, \$ U! v8 P, V& u5 T
' H- J( r, P. N8 @请允许我向各位院长和教授,提出一个请求——你们是哈佛的智力领袖,当你们雇用新的
" T! S0 \# a& _) J; `3 V8 q老师、授予终身教职、评估课程、决定学位颁发标准的时候,请问你们自己如下的问题:
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+ e: S, u2 `: i/ \% Q) G K9 U5 S/ c: E2 ?$ _
Should our best minds be dedicated to solving our biggest problems? / H* ]( g* |9 n% j/ U
/ k u6 d0 }; {! j! Z) r/ L, n$ @. `我们最优秀的人才是否在致力于解决我们最大的问题?
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' C: L3 V( ~: H# N- ~Should Harvard encourage its faculty to take on the world's worst inequities?
, y9 n5 Q6 J$ r' C, q6 G8 ]' v' i9 Y3 qShould Harvard students learn about the depth of global poverty … the prevale 2 B& G" E& [ J- p- p& a# Y! W
nce of world hunger … the scarcity of clean water …the girls kept out of sch
2 e" N, S% _: A! N# w4 J/ lool … the children who die from diseases we can cure?
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2 o) g) y1 e( y: q8 j7 w哈佛是否鼓励她的老师去研究解决世界上最严重的不平等?哈佛的学生是否从全球那些极 7 y" `" @1 M0 q/ d
端的贫穷中学到了什么……世界性的饥荒……清洁的水资源的缺乏……无法上学的女童…
. t' f- Q4 _/ p' m# w( S% i* A" k) C…死于非恶性疾病的儿童……哈佛的学生有没有从中学到东西? 8 V" X+ O8 W/ A) \
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Should the world's most privileged people learn about the lives of the world's 0 S5 L" I: k z
least privileged?
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那些世界上过着最优越生活的人们,有没有从那些最困难的人们身上学到东西?
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These are not rhetorical questions – you will answer with your policies. ) L8 Q5 ^/ O2 F, Z* R1 j
$ L0 e5 {+ I: E这些问题并非语言上的修辞。你必须用自己的行动来回答它们。
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& d0 i9 F: w' ?$ Z1 g" E2 SMy mother, who was filled with pride the day I was admitted here – never stop
( D. H5 M3 \- r7 t+ y6 [# P5 p+ U2 Aped pressing me to do more for others. A few days before my wedding, she hoste $ B: B: b# o+ R$ T1 d+ I
d a bridal event, at which she read aloud a letter about marriage that she had 4 l* h( p9 W8 U
written to Melinda. My mother was very ill with cancer at the time, but she s
- ]4 K5 W2 O) d+ ~5 Q4 Haw one more opportunity to deliver her message, and at the close of the letter
# X8 |: b$ e3 z/ ]5 yshe said: "From those to whom much is given, much is expected."
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我的母亲在我被哈佛大学录取的那一天,曾经感到非常骄傲。她从没有停止督促我,去为 7 q3 I) ]8 J4 C Y/ |; g* N
他人做更多的事情。在我结婚的前几天,她主持了一个新娘进我家的仪式。在这个仪式上 / W$ ^# g) }1 O
,她高声朗读了一封关于婚姻的信,这是她写给Melinda的。那时,我的母亲已经因为癌症
: u% w7 e0 {: a- J8 t病入膏肓,但是她还是认为这是又一个传播她的信念的机会。在那封信的结尾,她写道:
1 o! G0 r" O% {# L“对于那些接受了许多帮助的人们,他们还在期待更多的帮助。你的能力越大,人们对你 ( v G) t% p( @& y) E" B9 G
的期望也就越大。”
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When you consider what those of us here in this Yard have been given – in tal
# s2 y: x, g8 s# |3 w `5 pent, privilege, and opportunity – there is almost no limit to what the world
0 [$ w! C i' @; P9 vhas a right to expect from us.
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想一想吧,我们在这个院子里的这些人,被给予过什么——天赋、特权、机遇——那么可 7 C4 m" M+ j* S# r- g9 E
以这样说,全世界的人们几乎有无限的权力,期待我们做出贡献。
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, V% o" m. G0 ~1 ^' B1 SIn line with the promise of this age, I want to exhort each of the graduates h
7 _& b9 |( c! \6 l; [$ eere to take on an issue – a complex problem, a deep inequity, and become a sp
! n z; u$ ~* q3 oecialist on it. If you make it the focus of your career, that would be phenome . Q' d* P/ j5 }( P+ B; p0 }3 W
nal. But you don't have to do that to make an impact. For a few hours every we $ I+ h* S( S4 f' R% k
ek, you can use the growing power of the Internet to get informed, find others
$ M' D+ z. @0 Y. R* \% B$ R2 X0 F R: wwith the same interests, see the barriers, and find ways to cut through them.
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同这个时代的期望一样,我也要向今天各位毕业的同学提出一个忠告:你们要选择一个问
) t( k/ U& U" M3 G" _5 n9 M& }6 @1 V题,一个复杂的问题,一个有关于人类深刻的不平等的问题,然后你们要变成这个问题的
) h5 J5 x2 F% N, u+ B% H0 p# t/ _专家。如果你们能够使得这个问题成为你们职业的核心,那么你们就会非常杰出。但是, 7 w1 o r" ^4 T
你们不必一定要去做那些大事。每个星期只用几个小时,你就可以通过互联网得到信息,
6 b1 G# p" i q4 C. q找到志同道合的朋友,发现困难所在,找到解决它们的途径。
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$ q } H( L6 Y1 }+ T# C1 cDon't let complexity stop you. Be activists. Take on the big inequities. It wi
/ G/ B! Q5 I. E3 x* \: o5 m# Lll be one of the great experiences of your lives. , e5 T& j$ Q. [% N7 Y, d' S- \
* v8 _% \8 e! l# ?6 O' ?不要让这个世界的复杂性阻碍你前进。要成为一个行动主义者。将解决人类的不平等视为
% r9 }, q) W2 s己任。它将成为你生命中最重要的经历之一。 # ]5 m4 ?6 n( E! @% Y
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You graduates are coming of age in an amazing time. As you leave Harvard, you
2 c) [+ f; w- rhave technology that members of my class never had. You have awareness of glob ' u9 ~/ D9 ~4 v/ H' u& j: D
al inequity, which we did not have. And with that awareness, you likely also h
4 M' r, a* l0 N5 t! Tave an informed conscience that will torment you if you abandon these people w 2 Z- @- L" s4 p" v3 d) T
hose lives you could change with very little effort. You have more than we had ( u* X1 H! \& Q* a1 l
; you must start sooner, and carry on longer.
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在座的各位毕业的同学,你们所处的时代是一个神奇的时代。当你们离开哈佛的时候,你
3 h+ R* T7 R+ A2 R b/ _们拥有的技术,是我们那一届学生所没有的。你们已经了解到了世界上的不平等,我们那
* v0 p- k, I9 z) M9 k2 E3 v# I时还不知道这些。有了这样的了解之后,要是你再弃那些你可以帮助的人们于不顾,就将
4 P `$ I/ M, U; h4 ?, O) H: W4 ?受到良心的谴责,只需一点小小的努力,你就可以改变那些人们的生活。你们比我们拥有
& R+ w1 o9 m O. _- ^更大的能力;你们必须尽早开始,尽可能长时期坚持下去。
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) t# k) K) x& C0 uKnowing what you know, how could you not? % F7 B, I3 v" |
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知道了你们所知道的一切,你们怎么可能不采取行动呢?
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And I hope you will come back here to Harvard 30 years from now and reflect on * c2 ~, ~* x2 K5 S: v& m( x
what you have done with your talent and your energy. I hope you will judge yo
0 m% ~- m: o* B0 u2 G8 g; I8 }urselves not on your professional accomplishments alone, but also on how well 2 r* w; Q0 I; a- G. o' G
you have addressed the world's deepest inequities … on how well you treated p
/ H7 h& h2 U- m' I( u8 Beople a world away who have nothing in common with you but their humanity.
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我希望,30年后你们还会再回到哈佛,想起你们用自己的天赋和能力所做出的一切。我希
; H( c8 N* ]2 X/ F. t望,在那个时候,你们用来评价自己的标准,不仅仅是你们的专业成就,而包括你们为改
! q4 p, o/ H% m- S/ ]5 Y4 D变这个世界深刻的不平等所做出的努力,以及你们如何善待那些远隔千山万水、与你们毫 9 D8 M! l' h; r4 B4 p7 |: X
不涉及的人们,你们与他们唯一的共同点就是同为人类。 |
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