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2008-11-02 01:02:11 来自: lightpie(上次登录还是1.5年前.....)
( r' O, R7 M, x7 e7 S4 H3 ^比尔·盖茨在哈佛大学毕业典礼上的演讲
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0 M- u7 E- U7 K( s* \2007年6月7日 " c' @: i& ]" z$ ?. z$ W
6 ^2 C6 b7 t/ |; W8 t阮一峰 译 ! \0 U8 I3 D6 s
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President Bok, former President Rudenstine, incoming President Faust, members 4 I+ a1 E) e6 [. X! l' e; ~: x
of the Harvard Corporation and the Board of Overseers, members of the faculty,
& W5 f7 |& }$ Q8 Jparents, and especially, the graduates:
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尊敬的Bok校长,Rudenstine前校长,即将上任的Faust校长,哈佛集团的各位成员,监管 # Y5 l4 t& {( W, Q4 _( V6 Y" ]3 v8 j
理事会的各位理事,各位老师,各位家长,各位同学: ( S/ K1 Z1 v. V- n' |7 z* d3 e0 h
. w& c3 A2 V/ ]# b1 G; e, DI've been waiting more than 30 years to say this: "Dad, I always told you I'd
! J* m1 D' ~! |0 h' C0 b8 Wcome back and get my degree."
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+ l- K0 c \- ]( N2 W- U有一句话我等了三十年,现在终于可以说了:“老爸,我总是跟你说,我会回来拿到我的
& H5 n# ?! S$ E5 F# O学位的!” 8 z7 f1 t c2 g- _) }
# u0 w) k: O1 O& h, ^1 b# eI want to thank Harvard for this timely honor. I'll be changing my job next ye
+ b- h. _5 F5 \( lar … and it will be nice to finally have a college degree on my resume. # R7 c% Z B% D S" B
& T0 R6 c: y- w) v, Q我要感谢哈佛大学在这个时候给我这个荣誉。明年,我就要换工作了(注:指从微软公司 * W( c$ \3 f7 X% Y, i1 N
退休)……我终于可以在简历上写我有一个本科学位,这真是不错啊。 5 R* t, [8 E( a/ S; ?
1 o9 L8 U) s7 O2 hI applaud the graduates today for taking a much more direct route to your degr
9 D+ s- r1 B! b& O# M9 G zees. For my part, I'm just happy that the Crimson has called me "Harvard's mos
+ z: |1 Q# m3 [t successful dropout." I guess that makes me valedictorian of my own special c
' J- ^+ x! i4 U, Elass … I did the best of everyone who failed.
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我为今天在座的各位同学感到高兴,你们拿到学位可比我简单多了。哈佛的校报称我是“ ( m( X# S2 s2 c9 d o+ D! L: i6 X
哈佛大学历史上最成功的辍学生”。我想这大概使我有资格代表我这一类学生发言……在
! \( e* c1 u; \$ m4 c! p$ {所有的失败者里,我做得最好。 ( u# |: `6 j. g" H1 b
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But I also want to be recognized as the guy who got Steve Ballmer to drop out
- r' ?" X' ]9 F0 mof business school. I'm a bad influence. That's why I was invited to speak at ' m. X8 p, S8 e' F
your graduation. If I had spoken at your orientation, fewer of you might be he
7 r# @- }; f/ Y/ M1 K! [# Rre today. , I) f! @5 C4 M+ A: b X
# R7 q5 t! J& b7 u" q* g但是,我还要提醒大家,我使得Steve Ballmer(注:微软总经理)也从哈佛商学院退学了 # E1 e9 T9 J! y4 I ^5 U2 W
。因此,我是个有着恶劣影响力的人。这就是为什么我被邀请来在你们的毕业典礼上演讲 ! Q) X: o, R& N! C/ m
。如果我在你们入学欢迎仪式上演讲,那么能够坚持到今天在这里毕业的人也许会少得多
9 A" U2 ^8 u% m吧。 9 i h$ m! B7 n4 V
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Harvard was just a phenomenal experience for me. Academic life was fascinating
# J: Y9 a" ?8 C, m. I used to sit in on lots of classes I hadn't even signed up for. And dorm li 5 h' ^5 w1 t1 G4 f9 m
fe was terrific. I lived up at Radcliffe, in Currier House. There were always 2 N0 |6 L* E8 \
lots of people in my dorm room late at night discussing things, because everyo ' F4 t; f# ~& T0 D8 M" G, [2 O* Y% k
ne knew I didn't worry about getting up in the morning. That's how I came to b " O( G' ^+ Z; k, o4 d9 H k( P0 J7 D
e the leader of the anti-social group. We clung to each other as a way of vali 2 \& o( Y0 g" B) z5 v* H
dating our rejection of all those social people.
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对我来说,哈佛的求学经历是一段非凡的经历。校园生活很有趣,我常去旁听我没选修的 9 W2 s) v9 o( L0 D* q' j
课。哈佛的课外生活也很棒,我在Radcliffe过着逍遥自在的日子。每天我的寝室里总有很 7 h0 q- e# l9 q# | @ m4 L' A
多人一直待到半夜,讨论着各种事情。因为每个人都知道我从不考虑第二天早起。这使得
7 \# j/ C& p' ]" p我变成了校园里那些不安分学生的头头,我们互相粘在一起,做出一种拒绝所有正常学生
# t3 n" I5 Q& u: m" F3 P的姿态。
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' Z4 U2 \3 m7 U& h( L/ k7 YRadcliffe was a great place to live. There were more women up there, and most
, H$ _8 {. q8 G) z! [of the guys were science-math types. That combination offered me the best odds 0 l" T6 f7 l% ~
, if you know what I mean. This is where I learned the sad lesson that improvi + M# u; j% B2 }* V/ H3 V
ng your odds doesn't guarantee success. ) C6 G+ m( h* _8 z/ ~
8 l5 j8 l4 \$ \7 Y; cRadcliffe是个过日子的好地方。那里的女生比男生多,而且大多数男生都是理工科的。这 ! F* g9 ^1 L% k5 e
种状况为我创造了最好的机会,如果你们明白我的意思。可惜的是,我正是在这里学到了
% a: {* U/ {+ W% ^人生中悲伤的一课:机会大,并不等于你就会成功。
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One of my biggest memories of Harvard came in January 1975, when I made a call ' x4 E: m9 z3 I7 T* B8 \
from Currier House to a company in Albuquerque that had begun making the worl
& o4 b/ Q* b$ V3 p! n6 T9 md's first personal computers. I offered to sell them software. & R/ H; z& R+ Y7 o) F+ f* R$ U7 S
, S5 i u+ W5 k0 Z) A( p我在哈佛最难忘的回忆之一,发生在1975年1月。那时,我从宿舍楼里给位于Albuquerque
9 F+ [9 O7 r2 r的一家公司打了一个电话,那家公司已经在着手制造世界上第一台个人电脑。我提出想向 5 y8 \$ p) e8 m4 ~% K: E: a# L
他们出售软件。
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! D+ h' Q) w& ? mI worried that they would realize I was just a student in a dorm and hang up o
0 x, h7 ?$ _8 p0 On me. Instead they said: "We're not quite ready, come see us in a month," whic
: M. {& @* c& z6 j2 Nh was a good thing, because we hadn't written the software yet. From that mome - m- n, O) K* \2 n5 z8 m! l
nt, I worked day and night on this little extra credit project that marked the 3 r5 B, X$ F8 W2 U$ P2 ^
end of my college education and the beginning of a remarkable journey with Mi 2 X4 p3 e$ l5 F$ Q2 O, H/ Q
crosoft. # v: Y2 S2 P+ c1 [5 k
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我很担心,他们会发觉我是一个住在宿舍的学生,从而挂断电话。但是他们却说:“我们
}& v2 z: [1 Z. L; U8 u6 F) E" b, z还没准备好,一个月后你再来找我们吧。”这是个好消息,因为那时软件还根本没有写出
: |. n2 g/ G0 ?2 j' t. I来呢。就是从那个时候起,我日以继夜地在这个小小的课外项目上工作,这导致了我学生 9 F4 h5 ^. e2 Z0 m( Y
生活的结束,以及通往微软公司的不平凡的旅程的开始。
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What I remember above all about Harvard was being in the midst of so much ener ( u+ _* \' Z+ L( [
gy and intelligence. It could be exhilarating, intimidating, sometimes even di
( r& @. a1 H3 u7 Q& Z' z5 s Q/ bscouraging, but always challenging. It was an amazing privilege – and though
5 p0 D8 J8 B7 b* C- E6 Q: S7 _I left early, I was transformed by my years at Harvard, the friendships I made 5 T5 [4 u: O! E# ]
, and the ideas I worked on.
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不管怎样,我对哈佛的回忆主要都与充沛的精力和智力活动有关。哈佛的生活令人愉快,
; A H# w1 Q4 A; w4 |9 r9 W也令人感到有压力,有时甚至会感到泄气,但永远充满了挑战性。生活在哈佛是一种吸引 . ?' \" ]( G( ~8 l3 n h
人的特殊待遇……虽然我离开得比较早,但是我在这里的经历、在这里结识的朋友、在这
7 G0 a& O; Q5 s/ k1 I1 ~里发展起来的一些想法,永远地改变了我。
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* M. V; I3 w; _, a6 i! h( gBut taking a serious look back … I do have one big regret.
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2 T: u9 i5 X, s# X% V9 I4 Z/ L但是,如果现在严肃地回忆起来,我确实有一个真正的遗憾。 / |1 S) y$ y4 t: n. F9 N
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I left Harvard with no real awareness of the awful inequities in the world –
- x$ e, H [7 v( }1 W- s# Ethe appalling disparities of health, and wealth, and opportunity that condemn 4 E% R3 }3 B9 } ~7 K: k, L
millions of people to lives of despair. 2 U. `" S( W. j b- N
$ l: q7 x8 P; P4 K我离开哈佛的时候,根本没有意识到这个世界是多么的不平等。人类在健康、财富和机遇
# p# T. h$ d" T7 w# m- [# ?' e上的不平等大得可怕,它们使得无数的人们被迫生活在绝望之中。 m1 M0 {# e6 k# a, C
1 h2 {) d% _' ?1 t- d% u QI learned a lot here at Harvard about new ideas in economics and politics. I g 0 U, ]3 p/ ?- h+ y4 Z$ R# z
ot great exposure to the advances being made in the sciences.
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8 i0 H$ n5 N7 @% E# N7 X我在哈佛学到了很多经济学和政治学的新思想。我也了解了很多科学上的新进展。 " V6 ~- t. `# l
4 w" p. q: ]1 ?' c+ X$ m6 Q' u8 GBut humanity's greatest advances are not in its discoveries – but in how thos
; T6 i: C" T6 p, Q( q2 ]& ye discoveries are applied to reduce inequity. Whether through democracy, stron
" e; \/ t; {, ^! }) J. T, z9 fg public education, quality health care, or broad economic opportunity – redu
0 j! H! L5 c# A8 S) M) c' B" rcing inequity is the highest human achievement. - V8 }" W6 I+ u' n7 l
* y0 M' L( D: g! {# L, @. r. U( r但是,人类最大的进步并不来自于这些发现,而是来自于那些有助于减少人类不平等的发
* {) ?" J; \; v$ ~" A6 v' Y/ v: S现。不管通过何种手段——民主制度、健全的公共教育体系、高质量的医疗保健、还是广 . x' q5 R) V g4 ?* r5 i K' s
泛的经济机会——减少不平等始终是人类最大的成就。
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I left campus knowing little about the millions of young people cheated out of / o6 y5 E' r! o4 ?
educational opportunities here in this country. And I knew nothing about the & \8 N) L! x, O x ? u' V
millions of people living in unspeakable poverty and disease in developing cou
( _ p3 C/ i3 fntries.
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我离开校园的时候,根本不知道在这个国家里,有几百万的年轻人无法获得接受教育的机 1 S/ r; p& y# q ?0 ?" n
会。我也不知道,发展中国家里有无数的人们生活在无法形容的贫穷和疾病之中。
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5 i+ b$ b6 s- Y* I6 yIt took me decades to find out. ' x4 W6 n' u" ~9 l* Z1 a; a! b
$ s5 G) u* u- Y我花了几十年才明白了这些事情。
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2 T5 V a* ^" R, q) c6 hYou graduates came to Harvard at a different time. You know more about the wor
5 M, A" s( x1 X( K/ `ld's inequities than the classes that came before. In your years here, I hope " v1 L6 d5 M) s3 P
you've had a chance to think about how – in this age of accelerating technolo
}8 M, n+ ?* n ~$ E& G+ o* Xgy – we can finally take on these inequities, and we can solve them.
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在座的各位同学,你们是在与我不同的时代来到哈佛的。你们比以前的学生,更多地了解
8 J7 R* g( l4 z* r" X! p6 i1 O7 y世界是怎样的不平等。在你们的哈佛求学过程中,我希望你们已经思考过一个问题,那就
/ {1 l, g9 @4 q6 p t7 g是在这个新技术加速发展的时代,我们怎样最终应对这种不平等,以及我们怎样来解决这
+ k& t! g" w- a" M6 M- c个问题。 2 M, M- y( A( \: P) k1 E* W
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Imagine, just for the sake of discussion, that you had a few hours a week and
- I3 D; |! A+ Q% k7 Fa few dollars a month to donate to a cause – and you wanted to spend that tim
% r9 P8 f( {' h7 M& C, @7 S: q( Ye and money where it would have the greatest impact in saving and improving li
: M* v# p+ F" j3 A: jves. Where would you spend it?
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6 Z; X2 h1 F X为了讨论的方便,请想象一下,假如你每个星期可以捐献一些时间、每个月可以捐献一些
- v/ s, w, K a钱——你希望这些时间和金钱,可以用到对拯救生命和改善人类生活有最大作用的地方。
5 M+ C5 w; A0 P# ?+ `+ t( T你会选择什么地方? ! T+ J% l, v( @( U: A; D
! s& Y+ A0 B6 f }. oFor Melinda and for me, the challenge is the same: how can we do the most good
0 O0 h' K8 L1 L" @! ~) ], ]! Tfor the greatest number with the resources we have.
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8 K$ G5 X8 ]; c对Melinda(注:盖茨的妻子)和我来说,这也是我们面临的问题:我们如何能将我们拥有 9 ]( r7 Q, K, O) m6 s
的资源发挥出最大的作用。
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During our discussions on this question, Melinda and I read an article about t 1 K" L1 S K+ g e/ v2 X
he millions of children who were dying every year in poor countries from disea & X: J/ R' N7 @ ?7 W% @9 w: C: ~5 r
ses that we had long ago made harmless in this country. Measles, malaria, pneu
* R5 Y+ Y3 F, u. n. L% f0 vmonia, hepatitis B, yellow fever. One disease I had never even heard of, rotav 1 \" a0 V \2 P2 F! W9 ^0 G, l
irus, was killing half a million kids each year – none of them in the United
( u1 N q) t Z/ k$ `States.
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在讨论过程中,Melinda和我读到了一篇文章,里面说在那些贫穷的国家,每年有数百万的 8 H% A1 Y9 W! H; K" X2 R1 O
儿童死于那些在美国早已不成问题的疾病。麻疹、疟疾、肺炎、乙型肝炎、黄热病、还有
( m2 h2 ]" {' f+ ?$ s9 a' a一种以前我从未听说过的轮状病毒,这些疾病每年导致50万儿童死亡,但是在美国一例死 ; v+ r4 K, f3 v4 _* Q9 J/ j# x7 x
亡病例也没有。 ( p% L7 Q, v7 J4 O7 G% C
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We were shocked. We had just assumed that if millions of children were dying a 7 m9 K( _- k, ]2 l9 @9 G, ~
nd they could be saved, the world would make it a priority to discover and del 1 }3 E) s5 k! i, a! l
iver the medicines to save them. But it did not. For under a dollar, there wer
+ Q; F0 P# e1 S9 `. F& [! he interventions that could save lives that just weren't being delivered.
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我们被震惊了。我们想,如果几百万儿童正在死亡线上挣扎,而且他们是可以被挽救的, . @ D" Q, Q2 O6 q& R; ~; \
那么世界理应将用药物拯救他们作为头等大事。但是事实并非如此。那些价格还不到一美 & G" E- l3 ^7 S6 }# w& V& u; F# o
元的救命的药剂,并没有送到他们的手中。
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[2 T J3 V: iIf you believe that every life has equal value, it's revolting to learn that s % K P3 p- C! U1 h7 u. ]2 u v7 H9 b5 V# j
ome lives are seen as worth saving and others are not. We said to ourselves: " " V t7 Z- o0 F; F/ S1 ^& c7 G# h
This can't be true. But if it is true, it deserves to be the priority of our g 8 u; x0 u, @. u- ] A
iving."
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如果你相信每个生命都是平等的,那么当你发现某些生命被挽救了,而另一些生命被放弃
7 R! K* b- r! h7 P了,你会感到无法接受。我们对自己说:“事情不可能如此。如果这是真的,那么它理应
/ ]6 r$ S1 l& r# ^8 i2 V$ H: X是我们努力的头等大事。”
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So we began our work in the same way anyone here would begin it. We asked: "Ho
3 z% J h8 b7 G5 y, Ew could the world let these children die?" ( z3 Z% M2 _6 z
1 E2 r6 ]! S: a9 ~9 W r2 L所以,我们用任何人都会想到的方式开始工作。我们问:“这个世界怎么可以眼睁睁看着 1 o, i% o; i* n9 Y
这些孩子死去?” 8 e4 S `" c: Y+ S/ b
9 Q' ?& ~; {7 B3 }- kThe answer is simple, and harsh. The market did not reward saving the lives of A& m" A) x8 z* b7 I' c+ o# |' q+ @
these children, and governments did not subsidize it. So the children died be
) ]( c4 [2 U" T! q5 ]2 x5 c" y! fcause their mothers and their fathers had no power in the market and no voice " g. ~& B @) x( r7 E5 l
in the system.
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答案很简单,也很令人难堪。在市场经济中,拯救儿童是一项没有利润的工作,政府也不 ! y) F( W4 F$ r
会提供补助。这些儿童之所以会死亡,是因为他们的父母在经济上没有实力,在政治上没
( `- ~' ]( J+ H有能力发出声音。 4 t7 u. ?) s. B$ X$ x' D
2 y0 L7 L1 X6 |- oBut you and I have both. ) Q" B5 {- C+ M. O# S+ i3 I- _
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但是,你们和我在经济上有实力,在政治上能够发出声音。
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1 T$ g# t5 R9 s IWe can make market forces work better for the poor if we can develop a more cr
0 {- [/ ~& ~; E% W F- r8 F- Feative capitalism – if we can stretch the reach of market forces so that more # H3 q; l! s. P) g2 T6 j2 \' H
people can make a profit, or at least make a living, serving people who are s - q# _# B" ?/ x9 U6 z7 w1 U
uffering from the worst inequities. We also can press governments around the w
. O) f4 k x, P' p }- I* Morld to spend taxpayer money in ways that better reflect the values of the peo 9 R. y$ o; b$ b8 v, D+ _- {
ple who pay the taxes.
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$ K5 `3 r- T2 S9 \3 _( D我们可以让市场更好地为穷人服务,如果我们能够设计出一种更有创新性的资本主义制度 * o( f2 k @/ Q2 j9 m; A
——如果我们可以改变市场,让更多的人可以获得利润,或者至少可以维持生活——那么 / N. y! `8 ^, x9 y6 y
,这就可以帮到那些正在极端不平等的状况中受苦的人们。我们还可以向全世界的政府施 4 J0 e; e# e6 e' }' b
压,要求他们将纳税人的钱,花到更符合纳税人价值观的地方。 8 ]9 |' y& Y2 B: D5 i/ @
# y3 L6 m- e h8 h A5 [If we can find approaches that meet the needs of the poor in ways that generat
9 [: C8 }8 l. Ne profits for business and votes for politicians, we will have found a sustain
, R9 K" x* {, b4 cable way to reduce inequity in the world. This task is open-ended. It can neve 3 C A7 _& p6 r1 }
r be finished. But a conscious effort to answer this challenge will change the
8 ?( A+ X0 t4 n3 C1 A! Eworld.
K; ]6 j- r( {/ M* U R; {2 R0 {
如果我们能够找到这样一种方法,既可以帮到穷人,又可以为商人带来利润,为政治家带
3 o% y1 \% e. f5 P来选票,那么我们就找到了一种减少世界性不平等的可持续的发展道路。这个任务是无限 ( B, w! t: u( C$ X$ X0 q* i3 J
的。它不可能被完全完成,但是任何自觉地解决这个问题的尝试,都将会改变这个世界。
7 j* Y% ~" v/ I1 W7 l& M5 f6 E6 Y _* y4 V9 w" ] d2 N% |
7 o; R8 ?7 t$ Q6 U3 x, S; }5 w: |$ JI am optimistic that we can do this, but I talk to skeptics who claim there is
6 _6 Y. ?: J: K' Z+ ino hope. They say: "Inequity has been with us since the beginning, and will b
- V# |3 H( t! p" _% he with us till the end – because people just … don't … care." I completely 9 x* Z" O. P2 P9 i: n
disagree. ; U4 K4 \) W& g, G f+ M
: X6 X& l" e2 Q# X0 j在这个问题上,我是乐观的。但是,我也遇到过那些感到绝望的怀疑主义者。他们说:“
5 d! f; k- i/ d4 S! I$ T7 A不平等从人类诞生的第一天就存在,到人类灭亡的最后一天也将存在。——因为人类对这 , P/ g' Z; t# A2 F4 t1 D B" G' O
个问题根本不在乎。”我完全不能同意这种观点。 . u/ I, @" H3 f% J1 ^
: Q( R3 T, v" j( pI believe we have more caring than we know what to do with.
, s: h2 o0 ~# a
4 g7 X6 G- g0 @+ t# S3 u) u5 ?我相信,问题不是我们不在乎,而是我们不知道怎么做。 : o1 z3 h* w' L5 T" o! _
5 t2 A% a' {7 V& G6 F% k* D
All of us here in this Yard, at one time or another, have seen human tragedies
! v4 m" p2 |0 l* o, R5 r2 j6 Hthat broke our hearts, and yet we did nothing – not because we didn't care, " Y# q- H. g/ T4 v6 F+ y+ f
but because we didn't know what to do. If we had known how to help, we would h
0 L9 u1 d0 O5 J# \+ H% ?ave acted.
% @" ~% m4 I" ?) v5 n: x( `
- @% T( Z4 c) N' c8 [此刻在这个院子里的所有人,生命中总有这样或那样的时刻,目睹人类的悲剧,感到万分
( N9 l8 T" C/ d- m* F% q7 g伤心。但是我们什么也没做,并非我们无动于衷,而是因为我们不知道做什么和怎么做。 % [9 q# ~/ T- k9 i# ^) A! n7 q
如果我们知道如何做是有效的,那么我们就会采取行动。
' p- K( D& w: y! w2 G
3 X9 I! g! l4 F1 s7 x6 eThe barrier to change is not too little caring; it is too much complexity.
2 x8 A2 M; v" `4 N+ D H- o. v
; q. j! k5 _, W# X# d4 c* P改变世界的阻碍,并非人类的冷漠,而是世界实在太复杂。
: n" M$ d8 T6 H" v: N4 r
( M/ f( s* t, Y* G/ d3 o7 [To turn caring into action, we need to see a problem, see a solution, and see
6 [% e$ T3 M, L y4 i1 uthe impact. But complexity blocks all three steps.
: O$ j$ [2 F7 L, G9 j0 G9 O+ R1 i5 N' t9 v
为了将关心转变为行动,我们需要找到问题,发现解决办法的方法,评估后果。但是世界
# B7 c0 J' ]4 [6 E, ?8 E的复杂性使得所有这些步骤都难于做到。 ( N& L# Q$ z' q: o0 l( n
: W) z- _0 g7 b' c
Even with the advent of the Internet and 24-hour news, it is still a complex e $ s3 [: i5 c+ h) O. O
nterprise to get people to truly see the problems. When an airplane crashes, o / G, }+ V0 V# @
fficials immediately call a press conference. They promise to investigate, det 5 R$ x E" y% i% i8 l2 ]
ermine the cause, and prevent similar crashes in the future. 6 u( K" J, F5 d. ?, \
( h) p# K! C( u/ }' T" P0 P6 x
即使有了互联网和24小时直播的新闻台,让人们真正发现问题所在,仍然十分困难。当一
2 {- G; S9 u2 h: @架飞机坠毁了,官员们会立刻召开新闻发布会,他们承诺进行调查、找到原因、防止将来 5 Q- t: U1 [( O% W5 ]- X n
再次发生类似事故。 . P4 p) F4 z, p5 X/ j. V5 y
: _* {- B0 z/ @. \, G
But if the officials were brutally honest, they would say: "Of all the people
2 s$ x/ Z0 [' v% o) u; Cin the world who died today from preventable causes, one half of one percent o 0 f6 o. e, k6 A8 i9 J7 f+ u+ |* [
f them were on this plane. We're determined to do everything possible to solve
Z+ d0 h; S7 @, t% {/ O8 hthe problem that took the lives of the one half of one percent." $ p% {, s2 U. b: b& ~7 y
) h. b, a) l$ q, J但是如果那些官员敢说真话,他们就会说:“在今天这一天,全世界所有可以避免的死亡 & p: C! Y. V" n/ \3 w
之中,只有0.5%的死者来自于这次空难。我们决心尽一切努力,调查这个0.5%的死亡原因
5 r" y2 ^2 h2 [6 u。”
6 W4 Y5 _! H. y$ q8 J9 y
0 V3 A, X; Q! a9 u0 V; lThe bigger problem is not the plane crash, but the millions of preventable dea
+ C" R: Y( k& d8 c; q, o3 i6 fths. 4 l3 m% D8 r6 E! W( _1 U7 ~ m
# y+ `( P+ }2 r, d) j7 S显然,更重要的问题不是这次空难,而是其他几百万可以预防的死亡事件。
: H. u3 b9 z: A, d; T# h J+ \/ d1 s: Q9 I" A8 h
We don't read much about these deaths. The media covers what's new – and mill
2 P; X" R6 x7 D4 ]0 Rions of people dying is nothing new. So it stays in the background, where it's
) {7 h& _ r1 J: J/ k Y; ?easier to ignore. But even when we do see it or read about it, it's difficult # w; r5 M2 J( h+ X
to keep our eyes on the problem. It's hard to look at suffering if the situat : V" Q1 V( U6 V* n9 Q4 x& z9 _
ion is so complex that we don't know how to help. And so we look away.
+ F6 B3 `$ T0 X+ w4 F0 j/ p6 A; w
4 d% E* E. F) @1 M- q; \) i I& b我们并没有很多机会了解那些死亡事件。媒体总是报告新闻,几百万人将要死去并非新闻 9 A; B- B# s! v: x9 F: K
。如果没有人报道,那么这些事件就很容易被忽视。另一方面,即使我们确实目睹了事件
+ ]4 H+ z9 M2 M7 D( m3 }6 h本身或者看到了相关报道,我们也很难持续关注这些事件。看着他人受苦是令人痛苦的,
7 ~: _. u' n( |" p7 |$ k7 H4 H何况问题又如此复杂,我们根本不知道如何去帮助他人。所以我们会将脸转过去。 ( \; t- J; k6 H7 p* @; O7 S5 z
: v2 E& ^' O" `5 K8 y+ Q
If we can really see a problem, which is the first step, we come to the second * T% A+ u6 e2 M6 z7 R7 |5 p
step: cutting through the complexity to find a solution.
% P; U: C: w7 {' e) \6 Z- Z9 l5 [4 E! L0 [; I1 L) O
就算我们真正发现了问题所在,也不过是迈出了第一步,接着还有第二步:那就是从复杂
+ \2 I S: v M+ \的事件中找到解决办法。 & V# M% \; C. s! z) p) S/ c4 N
' V" A5 C% Z- _* m+ h, X5 |0 A
Finding solutions is essential if we want to make the most of our caring. If w , n1 n# I- ?5 l: H3 g1 ]! C
e have clear and proven answers anytime an organization or individual asks "Ho
# J j; z' Q w" }' mw can I help?," then we can get action – and we can make sure that none of th
$ D" }: H2 S" q! X9 p8 v& we caring in the world is wasted. But complexity makes it hard to mark a path o - c6 V4 _8 U4 `1 P: v# Z; }
f action for everyone who cares — and that makes it hard for their caring to 1 l) i5 ?+ G3 F! ~. W! B2 q" P ?
matter.
7 D: ^/ V( o9 g% i, F* i4 T( T( f. R
如果我们要让关心落到实处,我们就必须找到解决办法。如果我们有一个清晰的和可靠的 ' H6 g: e) L% O! F7 W& _
答案,那么当任何组织和个人发出疑问“如何我能提供帮助”的时候,我们就能采取行动 - J {, Y! {, [' s& Z/ B% l6 ]
。我们就能够保证不浪费一丁点全世界人类对他人的关心。但是,世界的复杂性使得很难
' X) D4 E, A+ v6 A7 w/ ~0 Y! u找到对全世界每一个有爱心的人都有效的行动方法,因此人类对他人的关心往往很难产生 . ?. N: ~ r3 h9 m2 `
实际效果。 + E& z1 I8 X1 M! |6 f! d& i2 ^
! N# E, _( \6 c. S! k5 I1 w
Cutting through complexity to find a solution runs through four predictable st
: Z0 A0 @ Z& O; dages: determine a goal, find the highest-leverage approach, discover the ideal
?0 A/ B' u' q5 V0 Utechnology for that approach, and in the meantime, make the smartest applicat
0 k2 l( E* e: D! `- X& X; Uion of the technology that you already have — whether it's something sophisti
5 _3 V" Y- G5 j8 E$ \* g# scated, like a drug, or something simpler, like a bednet.
6 Y2 P I' r9 o/ y: x" w. B) `+ E. z0 F6 W! m: X4 B$ k+ J
从这个复杂的世界中找到解决办法,可以分为四个步骤:确定目标,找到最高效的方法,
& I* R2 {4 @& x- _: v* U3 V发现适用于这个方法的新技术,同时最聪明地利用现有的技术,不管它是复杂的药物,还
- U! D/ h S8 U* X是最简单的蚊帐。
7 c! b) J& M( c: B$ d
3 Y1 Q: T! d* WThe AIDS epidemic offers an example. The broad goal, of course, is to end the
' c) d8 r# V' Tdisease. The highest-leverage approach is prevention. The ideal technology wou
3 O8 {8 q6 m- l) P- }$ `ld be a vaccine that gives lifetime immunity with a single dose. So government
' M7 |9 s7 Q: V" l2 Ks, drug companies, and foundations fund vaccine research. But their work is li - ]" Y. S" a$ D" g) g. w
kely to take more than a decade, so in the meantime, we have to work with what 5 G% E: I2 `3 t
we have in hand – and the best prevention approach we have now is getting pe
8 W# i/ N' T T3 b, x2 `ople to avoid risky behavior. + A% n- m/ _4 V1 t8 z
, u5 U; x7 @7 j: e4 p" B6 T
艾滋病就是一个例子。总的目标,毫无疑问是消灭这种疾病。最高效的方法是预防。最理
& }& g/ P$ B" u0 X* X' I7 j想的技术是发明一种疫苗,只要注射一次,就可以终生免疫。所以,政府、制药公司、基 . o8 C1 [0 I. D0 g7 `
金会应该资助疫苗研究。但是,这样研究工作很可能十年之内都无法完成。因此,与此同
4 N* @4 A7 h$ Q; V时,我们必须使用现有的技术,目前最有效的预防方法就是设法让人们避免那些危险的行
. M& o' P- V1 t( m8 f# T$ w4 Y为。
0 i$ D4 V) N4 Z& U5 P! F" t6 l, O+ Y% r u; z0 X- R. Y/ z) O
Pursuing that goal starts the four-step cycle again. This is the pattern. The 2 y1 {, K% v& r& N* _$ X; j
crucial thing is to never stop thinking and working – and never do what we di " \7 x' O+ b$ B8 Y" S# h
d with malaria and tuberculosis in the 20th century – which is to surrender t 2 G% _: @2 Q0 t- l$ ^& W
o complexity and quit. . e1 \0 Y" d* T; A
x# \) t V. `) d要实现这个新的目标,又可以采用新的四步循环。这是一种模式。关键的东西是永远不要
3 F7 H( b2 e: p$ _- }停止思考和行动。我们千万不能再犯上个世纪在疟疾和肺结核上犯过的错误,那时我们因 3 x& H8 E( ?, @
为它们太复杂,而放弃了采取行动。 & |' y1 j+ \% \3 [ `5 l' f/ h
, W5 Y; e* b$ p3 o7 j, p6 Q8 z- N. ]The final step – after seeing the problem and finding an approach – is to me 8 [% J# N+ [. M& ?+ H" J- j
asure the impact of your work and share your successes and failures so that ot 7 }( k# o" f/ ?' n- m& z+ y( V
hers learn from your efforts.
8 v0 K- ]; F, D4 F- z4 P! N$ H/ P5 H [% \
在发现问题和找到解决方法之后,就是最后一步——评估工作结果,将你的成功经验或者
/ t7 P. ?, q( P失败经验传播出去,这样其他人就可以从你的努力中有所收获。
2 J6 B3 X2 n3 c+ \% N
2 `" n5 j2 d/ ^$ BYou have to have the statistics, of course. You have to be able to show that a 4 `6 q, n1 g* W4 ], I& k$ C5 P
program is vaccinating millions more children. You have to be able to show a
: h, C5 m5 b! `2 x, s% f! {decline in the number of children dying from these diseases. This is essential
- j# z8 |" w% D, \+ R( O6 Inot just to improve the program, but also to help draw more investment from b ( Y& l: l; o4 `6 W* Z
usiness and government.
: W) a& r9 [5 {5 p
: r. v2 [) V; G& A当然,你必须有一些统计数字。你必须让他人知道,你的项目为几百万儿童新接种了疫苗
- ^2 T& O2 q8 |1 c+ j4 x4 h# k。你也必须让他人知道,儿童死亡人数下降了多少。这些都是很关键的,不仅有利于改善 * b/ f. c9 X. I# a* S
项目效果,也有利于从商界和政府得到更多的帮助。 Q5 `& J+ k( T, t& O( Z
# {& f. i, k5 S5 i
But if you want to inspire people to participate, you have to show more than n
+ S" B! t9 K9 }& ], ], Eumbers; you have to convey the human impact of the work – so people can feel - `" a# e; f. [$ N9 J& G
what saving a life means to the families affected. 3 P( {, \! q7 Y6 B1 y8 A8 s
r& {- [' v' [3 `* ]- `9 J
但是,这些还不够,如果你想激励其他人参加你的项目,你就必须拿出更多的统计数字; 6 J" f O; Y0 d' P8 [
你必须展示你的项目的人性因素,这样其他人就会感到拯救一个生命,对那些处在困境中 ) E) J3 V; L1 k! I; ]
的家庭到底意味着什么。
( b" G: f% @" e. k# R! Z3 J$ Q. @% T- m* j2 K
I remember going to Davos some years back and sitting on a global health panel
9 N# H% L, @3 ]0 N0 W' D/ Ythat was discussing ways to save millions of lives. Millions! Think of the th 2 M" D. x. {* L0 _9 N
rill of saving just one person's life – then multiply that by millions. … Ye # h, o6 q/ n; l1 e
t this was the most boring panel I've ever been on – ever. So boring even I c
2 g0 ^; k1 @, X5 D% ~4 r% a5 _, @. ~. Couldn't bear it.
6 j7 o Y* W8 V6 W. V" I" g2 Q# P6 g0 Q" _/ I3 _
几年前,我去瑞士达沃斯旁听一个全球健康问题论坛,会议的内容有关于如何拯救几百万 ; O# T. ` S! ?9 b+ O
条生命。天哪,是几百万!想一想吧,拯救一个人的生命已经让人何等激动,现在你要把
! d5 n D% \" P5 q5 Z6 x; o: _这种激动再乘上几百万倍……但是,不幸的是,这是我参加过的最最乏味的论坛,乏味到
; E0 E. [* ?8 N* T- G W我无法强迫自己听下去。
( Q8 h* P3 u5 l* k8 h
; h" Z( {* S% L h( s) f+ QWhat made that experience especially striking was that I had just come from an
9 f4 n" v! \' ?7 m- Qevent where we were introducing version 13 of some piece of software, and we ! J9 y' V* R# `* O) y7 z; y S
had people jumping and shouting with excitement. I love getting people excited ) x( J# Q& R/ E1 }' v, W8 b k
about software – but why can't we generate even more excitement for saving l 4 ~8 Z* x( y* X$ f4 [4 q( v7 H
ives? 8 y4 Q3 f5 n5 x5 f) i1 W- ]
! e. m+ `/ l% P B, ]. q/ C
那次经历之所以让我难忘,是因为之前我们刚刚发布了一个软件的第13个版本,我们让观
# b# `1 l9 b/ N; V, K众激动得跳了起来,喊出了声。我喜欢人们因为软件而感到激动,那么我们为什么不能够
4 h& {# @' T3 c* q I让人们因为能够拯救生命而感到更加激动呢?
& G, [- M( _0 X7 w1 k
: `9 m) U8 |, B0 Q; V8 z; _1 fYou can't get people excited unless you can help them see and feel the impact.
5 ?2 D+ D8 F' M; dAnd how you do that – is a complex question. ( k/ T1 Z7 { u0 m( o% l
) Z8 `5 g% F+ n' x2 G$ t) V2 P除非你能够让人们看到或者感受到行动的影响力,否则你无法让人们激动。如何做到这一 & J& ?) ~; j4 U: [
点,并不是一件简单的事。 5 c8 A4 J* e8 `
' H, N9 d+ h* n# h( EStill, I'm optimistic. Yes, inequity has been with us forever, but the new too
2 G. i2 j1 a: W) _' nls we have to cut through complexity have not been with us forever. They are n
3 L& A- ~ t" Y/ A! {, Oew – they can help us make the most of our caring – and that's why the futur
J$ C6 Q5 g" F7 s- N5 y, v" I0 p- le can be different from the past.
! L- V1 m3 ]1 {4 d/ _& @. U' s+ i4 W7 }+ v! ~6 b
同前面一样,在这个问题上,我依然是乐观的。不错,人类的不平等有史以来一直存在,
. Y1 {9 W2 x& c1 ?但是那些能够化繁为简的新工具,却是最近才出现的。这些新工具可以帮助我们,将人类 ! |* k3 R0 S7 P7 o9 D
的同情心发挥最大的作用,这就是为什么将来同过去是不一样的。 0 K z% [+ O, Q7 h
& t/ w0 w, L |. I, I, UThe defining and ongoing innovations of this age – biotechnology, the compute
2 M% Q& X, b7 o5 nr, the Internet – give us a chance we've never had before to end extreme pove ! l& z9 V: [+ O3 q$ e
rty and end death from preventable disease. 2 C4 c. a& b/ q' ?/ V. V
/ s$ p- n3 b- w0 x) X
这个时代无时无刻不在涌现出新的革新——生物技术,计算机,互联网——它们给了我们
! k, m& P+ o+ o; r& u; S一个从未有过的机会,去终结那些极端的贫穷和非恶性疾病的死亡。 0 ]! _& a# A/ D: X
$ f. l2 I* L* H! X% {8 D* zSixty years ago, George Marshall came to this commencement and announced a pla
' j2 U% n5 k# Mn to assist the nations of post-war Europe. He said: "I think one difficulty i
7 Q w2 E8 T1 S7 d$ ps that the problem is one of such enormous complexity that the very mass of fa 1 m* g( u4 v, P, ^5 D6 D
cts presented to the public by press and radio make it exceedingly difficult f
9 a+ Q% p1 @% z ^6 D+ z% cor the man in the street to reach a clear appraisement of the situation. It is % I" C* v. _# P6 z- T" ?
virtually impossible at this distance to grasp at all the real significance o 5 a) R/ P- `2 o0 H
f the situation." 1 L2 a V+ K, d1 `0 }
- m3 Y. l' o0 N9 U六十年前,乔治·马歇尔也是在这个地方的毕业典礼上,宣布了一个计划,帮助那些欧洲
6 B. R5 I7 |$ H, k8 H( X国家的战后建设。他说:“我认为,困难的一点是这个问题太复杂,报纸和电台向公众源
' J4 v I1 m5 `; I源不断地提供各种事实,使得大街上的普通人极端难于清晰地判断形势。事实上,经过层 2 i7 G, i/ N. p6 I* g* C8 r4 A& V
层传播,想要真正地把握形势,是根本不可能的。”
2 ^- j9 B5 [6 c1 j3 H- n/ G F& E/ ?! x6 o
Thirty years after Marshall made his address, as my class graduated without me ( p( s) ^& x5 }$ ~( I" h& }. O
, technology was emerging that would make the world smaller, more open, more v ! p; o" ^, u( W0 I! ~: L+ {' m
isible, less distant.
: v7 @+ p1 X' o, z6 ?1 [$ F: Z2 n) V+ T& J8 c8 A% {, d
马歇尔发表这个演讲之后的三十年,我那一届学生毕业,当然我不在其中。那时,新技术 8 l3 i" U/ F3 t1 m5 \, `
刚刚开始萌芽,它们将使得这个世界变得更小、更开放、更容易看到、距离更近。 - a! k& S) h* H4 ~+ F# Q* D X
, ?* L- {4 B6 t/ i8 S+ ^The emergence of low-cost personal computers gave rise to a powerful network t 2 S U- d7 n0 v0 g, }0 Q
hat has transformed opportunities for learning and communicating.
& b# d3 Y; n% z* t' p' x& J" E$ U; F+ ?: [4 x9 n- s/ A
低成本的个人电脑的出现,使得一个强大的互联网有机会诞生,它为学习和交流提供了巨
% N* o- V1 P( M1 R大的机会。 ; F" Y5 S/ _! j$ a4 G
' `1 e" W3 Y8 ]1 [4 u/ {' \The magical thing about this network is not just that it collapses distance an ' r ^) W( G& c9 t, {5 E
d makes everyone your neighbor. It also dramatically increases the number of b
; J" W( y9 q* [' H9 P3 l) {rilliant minds we can have working together on the same problem – and that sc 9 b) G( S' t# X, f( j
ales up the rate of innovation to a staggering degree.
1 s8 I" u. L$ R) ~) a& j3 G( @1 F( o: f! ~
网络的神奇之处,不仅仅是它缩短了物理距离,使得天涯若比邻。它还极大地增加了怀有
1 e( `& G8 h g7 J+ V+ H2 ^! E. \共同想法的人们聚集在一起的机会,我们可以为了解决同一个问题,一起共同工作。这就
. u; S: _5 J1 |1 a" Q) v0 W: D4 e大大加快了革新的进程,发展速度简直快得让人震惊。
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7 [) x+ Y/ c5 G* NAt the same time, for every person in the world who has access to this technol , F" {0 p/ v% V. o: B
ogy, five people don't. That means many creative minds are left out of this di 4 d$ u( t) R+ Z* x2 X+ r7 C
scussion -- smart people with practical intelligence and relevant experience w / x$ L( d; t! c' K( U
ho don't have the technology to hone their talents or contribute their ideas t
: S9 |- l9 w4 \7 E3 g) No the world.
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8 _, F f$ G" D8 t/ \与此同时,世界上有条件上网的人,只是全部人口的六分之一。这意味着,还有许多具有
[% @ [( i$ T创造性的人们,没有加入到我们的讨论中来。那些有着实际的操作经验和相关经历的聪明
) |1 i! r3 i# q0 Z/ p' a0 ~. c人,却没有技术来帮助他们,将他们的天赋或者想法与全世界分享。
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; B9 ?" ?, X/ I3 P; VWe need as many people as possible to have access to this technology, because $ [! x5 ?. X7 d# L
these advances are triggering a revolution in what human beings can do for one
2 c4 s" y' [! q, [9 `1 L( D8 ^another. They are making it possible not just for national governments, but f
' `/ g& r, r5 g& D; `% Vor universities, corporations, smaller organizations, and even individuals to
* I1 h- H' T/ o/ r c' N! r$ i, psee problems, see approaches, and measure the impact of their efforts to addre
& r* y8 h" [* Z2 J9 Pss the hunger, poverty, and desperation George Marshall spoke of 60 years ago.
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; @/ x2 W. ]2 e( S; n% g$ L1 |! J. n" B, N# W& ^
我们需要尽可能地让更多的人有机会使用新技术,因为这些新技术正在引发一场革命,人
1 W# M7 e7 E. P类将因此可以互相帮助。新技术正在创造一种可能,不仅是政府,还包括大学、公司、小 7 Y! m# {$ s4 S+ M Z! A1 V
机构、甚至个人,能够发现问题所在、能够找到解决办法、能够评估他们努力的效果,去 5 j9 {& F- |; f5 q9 ]( ~) h& _$ q
改变那些马歇尔六十年前就说到过的问题——饥饿、贫穷和绝望。
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Members of the Harvard Family: Here in the Yard is one of the great collection $ D, y5 p1 a. F* v- `
s of intellectual talent in the world.
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哈佛是一个大家庭。这个院子里在场的人们,是全世界最有智力的人类群体之一。 , R& T$ Z9 n& s3 x3 ~
8 R" O3 C3 e4 i+ c$ OWhat for? ( v9 a& m" A+ e! k6 l5 ~
: a: {8 Z2 Q7 h4 u) a, e
我们可以做些什么?
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5 `/ Z& K, N* h' T: q& ?5 Y/ NThere is no question that the faculty, the alumni, the students, and the benef % Z6 ~- w/ x2 n* M4 b: u
actors of Harvard have used their power to improve the lives of people here an
+ q4 ^0 E3 f2 I9 z1 yd around the world. But can we do more? Can Harvard dedicate its intellect to : q2 J+ y0 J3 h6 @! F# c2 q
improving the lives of people who will never even hear its name? 9 ?9 w' v! M4 n* G) K$ K
) k" j( {0 g/ ^! S毫无疑问,哈佛的老师、校友、学生和资助者,已经用他们的能力改善了全世界各地人们 . C5 V) `# S- }3 I+ I0 n: w$ d
的生活。但是,我们还能够再做什么呢?有没有可能,哈佛的人们可以将他们的智慧,用 ) l3 |- @7 ]& w5 w3 p( b
来帮助那些甚至从来没有听到过“哈佛”这个名字的人?
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Let me make a request of the deans and the professors – the intellectual lead
. d* c \ ~# G$ Hers here at Harvard: As you hire new faculty, award tenure, review curriculum,
0 h3 y3 F" r' band determine degree requirements, please ask yourselves:
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请允许我向各位院长和教授,提出一个请求——你们是哈佛的智力领袖,当你们雇用新的 ) n0 f; H( q$ n, S
老师、授予终身教职、评估课程、决定学位颁发标准的时候,请问你们自己如下的问题:
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2 k/ t0 _( \# b& ]0 v) @: SShould our best minds be dedicated to solving our biggest problems? / R2 L* Y: |) N$ r
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我们最优秀的人才是否在致力于解决我们最大的问题? 9 _' h" u6 e& o; u' _8 d
8 _) Q1 L2 t) h. G7 X
Should Harvard encourage its faculty to take on the world's worst inequities?
. `" p+ } e0 {+ ]Should Harvard students learn about the depth of global poverty … the prevale
- e2 }" d) x3 [nce of world hunger … the scarcity of clean water …the girls kept out of sch 8 k) J: z& ]0 E. P# ]1 f
ool … the children who die from diseases we can cure?
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哈佛是否鼓励她的老师去研究解决世界上最严重的不平等?哈佛的学生是否从全球那些极
& \+ k B5 V2 K1 X& X端的贫穷中学到了什么……世界性的饥荒……清洁的水资源的缺乏……无法上学的女童…
9 u9 i" t2 |8 _) V1 Q# {" c…死于非恶性疾病的儿童……哈佛的学生有没有从中学到东西? ' {" v7 V, S7 i% N4 V% Y( E8 u
9 ?: f- x% U7 i. @5 P. q3 g0 hShould the world's most privileged people learn about the lives of the world's
+ ]: t% g# O, s1 s+ {) qleast privileged? + q! f1 x$ g4 t4 {: d5 u
4 I0 L* y, f3 i: g8 A; n+ F那些世界上过着最优越生活的人们,有没有从那些最困难的人们身上学到东西? 3 M) k s; _& y
+ v4 l' T) B' s) L1 E6 e. F& \These are not rhetorical questions – you will answer with your policies.
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这些问题并非语言上的修辞。你必须用自己的行动来回答它们。 % x7 N2 P' `" d
8 n/ }8 L# J" M3 G0 z% DMy mother, who was filled with pride the day I was admitted here – never stop . [& f& j x: n# {' g
ped pressing me to do more for others. A few days before my wedding, she hoste ; R$ Q4 ?7 S7 K( X" q3 I& P
d a bridal event, at which she read aloud a letter about marriage that she had ) U4 Z3 o- }5 O$ E6 [% w2 ^/ w
written to Melinda. My mother was very ill with cancer at the time, but she s : V: S1 ]9 ~/ B( t. Y; n d
aw one more opportunity to deliver her message, and at the close of the letter
2 ~1 |0 B# r5 |) {7 [1 kshe said: "From those to whom much is given, much is expected."
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我的母亲在我被哈佛大学录取的那一天,曾经感到非常骄傲。她从没有停止督促我,去为 ; V" ^/ Q4 y" c# j3 e
他人做更多的事情。在我结婚的前几天,她主持了一个新娘进我家的仪式。在这个仪式上
J" [" i9 f) k,她高声朗读了一封关于婚姻的信,这是她写给Melinda的。那时,我的母亲已经因为癌症 $ |9 L' \/ e% V; ~' A1 S. f
病入膏肓,但是她还是认为这是又一个传播她的信念的机会。在那封信的结尾,她写道: 1 X p5 A! D$ v2 A
“对于那些接受了许多帮助的人们,他们还在期待更多的帮助。你的能力越大,人们对你 ( m3 s/ @& o9 G! m/ F/ y
的期望也就越大。”
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When you consider what those of us here in this Yard have been given – in tal ( o, N% C% i) |9 P4 Y; O6 V
ent, privilege, and opportunity – there is almost no limit to what the world : @4 d( S5 v. p) o( Q" ~
has a right to expect from us. ' w. r0 s+ ~+ w+ Q) A) C+ I
8 g* m6 C) G' c7 }' x. [& g想一想吧,我们在这个院子里的这些人,被给予过什么——天赋、特权、机遇——那么可
* ?3 F+ z2 _! z$ x以这样说,全世界的人们几乎有无限的权力,期待我们做出贡献。 5 J a& I3 x7 Q4 d2 i# U- Z/ L
7 f9 C: p& b( `# vIn line with the promise of this age, I want to exhort each of the graduates h / d. p& ^" L; F+ }: F
ere to take on an issue – a complex problem, a deep inequity, and become a sp $ l1 ^1 S$ x8 O: K# d' ^1 u) q
ecialist on it. If you make it the focus of your career, that would be phenome
$ \, l1 i0 q0 Anal. But you don't have to do that to make an impact. For a few hours every we
& n2 |/ O4 H" `! ]7 uek, you can use the growing power of the Internet to get informed, find others # f+ E- _# W+ T
with the same interests, see the barriers, and find ways to cut through them.
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9 x: L) I- k, `9 k
同这个时代的期望一样,我也要向今天各位毕业的同学提出一个忠告:你们要选择一个问 3 a6 w. n2 N, j7 }$ X* d
题,一个复杂的问题,一个有关于人类深刻的不平等的问题,然后你们要变成这个问题的 0 h% F& d* Z6 P' H% e
专家。如果你们能够使得这个问题成为你们职业的核心,那么你们就会非常杰出。但是,
: v' r0 r6 d6 |, M7 K2 j0 V; }你们不必一定要去做那些大事。每个星期只用几个小时,你就可以通过互联网得到信息,
5 J$ R5 [9 ]( L7 v找到志同道合的朋友,发现困难所在,找到解决它们的途径。
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4 k" o) j4 B5 `/ e6 }' aDon't let complexity stop you. Be activists. Take on the big inequities. It wi
3 n; @6 q3 L3 z' y! ^ll be one of the great experiences of your lives.
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: l& Y$ ^$ O( ~4 ^1 b- M不要让这个世界的复杂性阻碍你前进。要成为一个行动主义者。将解决人类的不平等视为 , }1 f& Z0 D2 H% J3 k a
己任。它将成为你生命中最重要的经历之一。
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You graduates are coming of age in an amazing time. As you leave Harvard, you 0 R* F, H5 M4 e, v% c
have technology that members of my class never had. You have awareness of glob 9 t% J" P+ o! y, Y6 G; @
al inequity, which we did not have. And with that awareness, you likely also h 2 o7 m( y9 y2 @* J$ Y% }0 x$ E7 l3 p6 L
ave an informed conscience that will torment you if you abandon these people w : L2 B8 k" W, t; c5 R
hose lives you could change with very little effort. You have more than we had
4 ]! h: k2 k8 E' W$ ?2 Y9 g; you must start sooner, and carry on longer.
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在座的各位毕业的同学,你们所处的时代是一个神奇的时代。当你们离开哈佛的时候,你 2 \" j& F% T, H. H1 S
们拥有的技术,是我们那一届学生所没有的。你们已经了解到了世界上的不平等,我们那
: j( U& O; A( C2 D; g时还不知道这些。有了这样的了解之后,要是你再弃那些你可以帮助的人们于不顾,就将
' O) S* H6 j1 Q5 |- y受到良心的谴责,只需一点小小的努力,你就可以改变那些人们的生活。你们比我们拥有 & R8 }" q" |6 X
更大的能力;你们必须尽早开始,尽可能长时期坚持下去。 8 s" C' V7 c0 P0 ^+ [& F- Q, ]
, F. E$ K* w( e \7 n1 eKnowing what you know, how could you not?
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知道了你们所知道的一切,你们怎么可能不采取行动呢?
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And I hope you will come back here to Harvard 30 years from now and reflect on ! i5 B+ c& O0 Y: ?% L; M. |2 Y0 T
what you have done with your talent and your energy. I hope you will judge yo
1 H9 G+ u7 {; W$ jurselves not on your professional accomplishments alone, but also on how well . m. B9 l: v& |9 P' Q U
you have addressed the world's deepest inequities … on how well you treated p
3 q) V$ E( u6 v# M# j+ Meople a world away who have nothing in common with you but their humanity.
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$ R( q; l9 X d1 k% p; ]! J我希望,30年后你们还会再回到哈佛,想起你们用自己的天赋和能力所做出的一切。我希
3 u1 {9 e2 Z' p$ f望,在那个时候,你们用来评价自己的标准,不仅仅是你们的专业成就,而包括你们为改
' {/ h! g# [# k( O: F( Y$ ~' \. {变这个世界深刻的不平等所做出的努力,以及你们如何善待那些远隔千山万水、与你们毫
+ L0 C! ~# {- B" {6 F3 }" E不涉及的人们,你们与他们唯一的共同点就是同为人类。 |
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