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2008-11-02 01:02:11 来自: lightpie(上次登录还是1.5年前.....) 9 r2 s! `( k; E! I2 r- t- |' B
比尔·盖茨在哈佛大学毕业典礼上的演讲
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2007年6月7日
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6 O/ X4 f; l7 F) v1 \4 B阮一峰 译
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President Bok, former President Rudenstine, incoming President Faust, members
- l- [* [! v) \0 l; e, }of the Harvard Corporation and the Board of Overseers, members of the faculty, ; K! t4 Q: B! h6 f8 N V9 E
parents, and especially, the graduates:
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尊敬的Bok校长,Rudenstine前校长,即将上任的Faust校长,哈佛集团的各位成员,监管
- m( L- f: t0 |- P1 _& X$ c1 Y理事会的各位理事,各位老师,各位家长,各位同学: 2 ]' p9 z, u6 u" z$ D' u
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I've been waiting more than 30 years to say this: "Dad, I always told you I'd
4 { S$ |4 _- e, T% N/ d3 \come back and get my degree." 5 ^# O5 b- R5 o& V* I: b& H
& t: U a7 v6 Z有一句话我等了三十年,现在终于可以说了:“老爸,我总是跟你说,我会回来拿到我的 ) E8 p/ W% d; o' u5 L6 J4 g
学位的!” 1 N/ ?* R1 Z3 Z7 o1 o: _" t; i
9 z/ Z4 k8 g- C* b8 sI want to thank Harvard for this timely honor. I'll be changing my job next ye : `; _7 O9 F ~& ~+ M! m
ar … and it will be nice to finally have a college degree on my resume.
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9 x+ l3 ?8 X6 Y$ U, R% p) T3 r我要感谢哈佛大学在这个时候给我这个荣誉。明年,我就要换工作了(注:指从微软公司
+ K% I$ O& N8 X5 {6 _5 P退休)……我终于可以在简历上写我有一个本科学位,这真是不错啊。
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I applaud the graduates today for taking a much more direct route to your degr - r a# G+ L9 |2 e/ c7 Q q9 @
ees. For my part, I'm just happy that the Crimson has called me "Harvard's mos 2 h- _+ K" Z0 ?0 K: d* O' w
t successful dropout." I guess that makes me valedictorian of my own special c . ]' y! k" E% s, e/ ~
lass … I did the best of everyone who failed.
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我为今天在座的各位同学感到高兴,你们拿到学位可比我简单多了。哈佛的校报称我是“
3 j/ L6 n6 @1 A哈佛大学历史上最成功的辍学生”。我想这大概使我有资格代表我这一类学生发言……在 3 j4 j* r, ?7 F
所有的失败者里,我做得最好。 & B2 j/ h0 M5 i. Y6 g- ^1 S
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But I also want to be recognized as the guy who got Steve Ballmer to drop out
! s0 u( L8 f3 S3 k( g. jof business school. I'm a bad influence. That's why I was invited to speak at
1 l7 S; ]! e oyour graduation. If I had spoken at your orientation, fewer of you might be he
$ j/ K0 X+ w# x# {0 D% M6 L3 G% Jre today.
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j: t5 V( X9 j2 \7 O但是,我还要提醒大家,我使得Steve Ballmer(注:微软总经理)也从哈佛商学院退学了 0 H/ ^# X6 i! ?$ U
。因此,我是个有着恶劣影响力的人。这就是为什么我被邀请来在你们的毕业典礼上演讲
Z7 \- h8 G+ Y8 e; |- b。如果我在你们入学欢迎仪式上演讲,那么能够坚持到今天在这里毕业的人也许会少得多 0 O& u' b9 _( \5 N$ h
吧。 1 ~) t* N% c+ w
6 J% K7 ^/ e# C/ b' o+ r/ ^, m' aHarvard was just a phenomenal experience for me. Academic life was fascinating / P- S8 ?0 j8 C
. I used to sit in on lots of classes I hadn't even signed up for. And dorm li 7 }9 k5 \( U, @: Y) q
fe was terrific. I lived up at Radcliffe, in Currier House. There were always 7 y0 V: G" J/ u2 q8 o1 X. @: w
lots of people in my dorm room late at night discussing things, because everyo
; P& G7 F1 }6 f6 }0 N1 w1 U4 c8 tne knew I didn't worry about getting up in the morning. That's how I came to b
1 u9 y7 N/ |& R) ae the leader of the anti-social group. We clung to each other as a way of vali ; f& {+ d( l5 G& A
dating our rejection of all those social people.
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对我来说,哈佛的求学经历是一段非凡的经历。校园生活很有趣,我常去旁听我没选修的
2 @4 A6 G" ?9 n2 m! d课。哈佛的课外生活也很棒,我在Radcliffe过着逍遥自在的日子。每天我的寝室里总有很
. D8 D9 ^- O, ?+ U多人一直待到半夜,讨论着各种事情。因为每个人都知道我从不考虑第二天早起。这使得
7 T8 @0 v6 f0 H我变成了校园里那些不安分学生的头头,我们互相粘在一起,做出一种拒绝所有正常学生
, H" V2 X! d& p( A* i" ?5 n的姿态。 , @) y/ q$ B5 _6 m, ^* p
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Radcliffe was a great place to live. There were more women up there, and most $ U# ^2 p i' X
of the guys were science-math types. That combination offered me the best odds 1 ^! x& Y$ p3 G+ c9 S; [
, if you know what I mean. This is where I learned the sad lesson that improvi & e7 t* q. \9 X* O$ E+ a
ng your odds doesn't guarantee success. & J; c7 K+ k: p3 C0 z4 B
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Radcliffe是个过日子的好地方。那里的女生比男生多,而且大多数男生都是理工科的。这
2 [; u" `) d$ r: b2 t% a种状况为我创造了最好的机会,如果你们明白我的意思。可惜的是,我正是在这里学到了
" y; j- j# Z5 h6 d. |人生中悲伤的一课:机会大,并不等于你就会成功。 9 P% q* a+ m3 | s
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One of my biggest memories of Harvard came in January 1975, when I made a call & V: N3 Z3 l+ F) o' k" T
from Currier House to a company in Albuquerque that had begun making the worl
, o8 w9 U* u( A* Q* A3 ^d's first personal computers. I offered to sell them software. 4 v4 W" H% W# m4 ` K
- w+ E6 L/ L2 T/ }我在哈佛最难忘的回忆之一,发生在1975年1月。那时,我从宿舍楼里给位于Albuquerque
$ q- o' S: S9 i! {; `8 f- R的一家公司打了一个电话,那家公司已经在着手制造世界上第一台个人电脑。我提出想向 6 E" h+ M3 I1 ^
他们出售软件。 ) l3 g# x" G' |$ f M
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I worried that they would realize I was just a student in a dorm and hang up o
' l! S& t3 n4 E. J% I* W( yn me. Instead they said: "We're not quite ready, come see us in a month," whic
: L) X1 s( t, O( q# a+ U; ^# e/ Q; jh was a good thing, because we hadn't written the software yet. From that mome ; ?# S" s# a& i6 L `% i
nt, I worked day and night on this little extra credit project that marked the
% Z( I* ^- t! Gend of my college education and the beginning of a remarkable journey with Mi
+ V) ~& Y1 x0 I- _! R+ ~' @5 L+ k. A$ gcrosoft. , ^7 N; k" I1 u* l
* m+ W* [+ j4 H8 ` s我很担心,他们会发觉我是一个住在宿舍的学生,从而挂断电话。但是他们却说:“我们 7 M% |& D$ r4 a7 z7 v" d2 Y
还没准备好,一个月后你再来找我们吧。”这是个好消息,因为那时软件还根本没有写出 3 A3 q c' w. @+ w: [0 V" d, j
来呢。就是从那个时候起,我日以继夜地在这个小小的课外项目上工作,这导致了我学生
2 o5 r! r0 m- P% I2 K' B生活的结束,以及通往微软公司的不平凡的旅程的开始。 l! e# e$ X" _2 x2 W* H! u! M/ G
( U$ i' B8 m8 G9 p6 aWhat I remember above all about Harvard was being in the midst of so much ener " H3 }3 ?; B. o: D& r
gy and intelligence. It could be exhilarating, intimidating, sometimes even di + T, h N1 c2 T2 k+ m$ @
scouraging, but always challenging. It was an amazing privilege – and though + K u, R% c+ W( e' W
I left early, I was transformed by my years at Harvard, the friendships I made
" C4 @2 x5 H3 E, and the ideas I worked on. ' Z% e: f+ Y" j
$ ?% J% v% H/ A5 H' u不管怎样,我对哈佛的回忆主要都与充沛的精力和智力活动有关。哈佛的生活令人愉快, ' E- ~& P. ~. t/ n- I
也令人感到有压力,有时甚至会感到泄气,但永远充满了挑战性。生活在哈佛是一种吸引 8 P; B n/ g0 s: U% W' c6 W
人的特殊待遇……虽然我离开得比较早,但是我在这里的经历、在这里结识的朋友、在这
! C/ I+ B! J: H+ ~, }, O7 T7 B里发展起来的一些想法,永远地改变了我。 0 r# q4 x7 H; i+ `2 Q, ^. H) S& g
) {" k: l" k" I& ~6 P* vBut taking a serious look back … I do have one big regret. 6 u, i7 ^ m. S3 y2 M
! W" N: F7 u0 _( }$ B! A+ B但是,如果现在严肃地回忆起来,我确实有一个真正的遗憾。
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7 ~) j( z$ l8 T7 w) W4 p" K3 QI left Harvard with no real awareness of the awful inequities in the world – 0 D& [! D3 u) _+ W: e
the appalling disparities of health, and wealth, and opportunity that condemn
. |' V- d- Q$ Nmillions of people to lives of despair. + T+ y' i4 A& {* @9 q
. H) y7 S, a! ]4 f我离开哈佛的时候,根本没有意识到这个世界是多么的不平等。人类在健康、财富和机遇
9 M) G+ T( X1 F( q5 i; {7 q) [上的不平等大得可怕,它们使得无数的人们被迫生活在绝望之中。 7 Q; o4 a* d- o# K" O+ i. Q8 T, t
/ v) U; [7 K" J2 d- fI learned a lot here at Harvard about new ideas in economics and politics. I g " C) X+ q3 d4 R' q$ ]6 G) A
ot great exposure to the advances being made in the sciences. + z. ^1 e( j @" z
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我在哈佛学到了很多经济学和政治学的新思想。我也了解了很多科学上的新进展。
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But humanity's greatest advances are not in its discoveries – but in how thos . Z- I3 S7 N0 N7 Q; o. W
e discoveries are applied to reduce inequity. Whether through democracy, stron
% @1 @: P" y+ Y& j0 P+ f5 Yg public education, quality health care, or broad economic opportunity – redu
) T5 x0 M2 c1 O2 m# Vcing inequity is the highest human achievement.
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但是,人类最大的进步并不来自于这些发现,而是来自于那些有助于减少人类不平等的发 3 L* i4 @: \) h& y& I$ ?
现。不管通过何种手段——民主制度、健全的公共教育体系、高质量的医疗保健、还是广
! y. P& g1 p: ^$ H2 H泛的经济机会——减少不平等始终是人类最大的成就。
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) f6 k! {! N' G6 B/ \- Q/ [) A! gI left campus knowing little about the millions of young people cheated out of
) K N1 ~/ a' b- j& Xeducational opportunities here in this country. And I knew nothing about the
4 _6 I- V# U+ nmillions of people living in unspeakable poverty and disease in developing cou
6 [& H, |; C/ [: d; B" i9 V0 s# yntries.
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2 R" U$ d5 r2 j* `: ~我离开校园的时候,根本不知道在这个国家里,有几百万的年轻人无法获得接受教育的机 + V- U2 h3 C) j1 [& o
会。我也不知道,发展中国家里有无数的人们生活在无法形容的贫穷和疾病之中。
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It took me decades to find out. . a* x' u' Q3 E6 R& S" o/ m
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我花了几十年才明白了这些事情。
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/ x2 I" S3 f; r+ Q+ fYou graduates came to Harvard at a different time. You know more about the wor ! C4 M. P, x+ T4 j! y
ld's inequities than the classes that came before. In your years here, I hope
- w$ Q3 S B/ }% V8 }" iyou've had a chance to think about how – in this age of accelerating technolo % v& u G. u$ [+ I/ b
gy – we can finally take on these inequities, and we can solve them.
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在座的各位同学,你们是在与我不同的时代来到哈佛的。你们比以前的学生,更多地了解
1 ]! X% b" [! e$ W世界是怎样的不平等。在你们的哈佛求学过程中,我希望你们已经思考过一个问题,那就 P5 Q9 t) O6 q9 q- C' Y) E, w- N" V& J
是在这个新技术加速发展的时代,我们怎样最终应对这种不平等,以及我们怎样来解决这
: A! q) X# L, V5 s7 \9 V个问题。
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Imagine, just for the sake of discussion, that you had a few hours a week and
' J; g) P8 l: F- Ca few dollars a month to donate to a cause – and you wanted to spend that tim
5 o9 |( c& _. Z( f+ L" me and money where it would have the greatest impact in saving and improving li
3 Q( ~) K* b: ?7 h) nves. Where would you spend it? 0 P& c5 ~4 A0 j5 U& j2 L
8 k+ ?' Q4 I" {* w' O& S为了讨论的方便,请想象一下,假如你每个星期可以捐献一些时间、每个月可以捐献一些
' G. M, \2 t. ]- v. e钱——你希望这些时间和金钱,可以用到对拯救生命和改善人类生活有最大作用的地方。
$ } V( {- _# U7 X你会选择什么地方?
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3 n' g8 u) A( q. R' ]! O( F$ ~For Melinda and for me, the challenge is the same: how can we do the most good ( |6 ]* R+ E0 s1 Z& b% B+ c0 l( q
for the greatest number with the resources we have. + N5 \/ s* ~" d8 E; C) d
' [) L& D1 E. l6 a4 n- [* w. @对Melinda(注:盖茨的妻子)和我来说,这也是我们面临的问题:我们如何能将我们拥有 # }! \1 s- @. v" C3 g0 L$ s
的资源发挥出最大的作用。 # r. R3 `0 H- A1 b/ Y- z
5 h/ {4 s: f; B( aDuring our discussions on this question, Melinda and I read an article about t ; W* A' `% a* b% ]
he millions of children who were dying every year in poor countries from disea
; v+ D3 [2 j: d/ v* l1 x" H6 qses that we had long ago made harmless in this country. Measles, malaria, pneu
4 o5 N/ J, K: u! R& F# _monia, hepatitis B, yellow fever. One disease I had never even heard of, rotav & |0 y8 C- ^: x* i
irus, was killing half a million kids each year – none of them in the United
3 a& [$ v0 R. M3 ]5 NStates.
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在讨论过程中,Melinda和我读到了一篇文章,里面说在那些贫穷的国家,每年有数百万的 / t3 y. Q% b& r+ [- q0 {
儿童死于那些在美国早已不成问题的疾病。麻疹、疟疾、肺炎、乙型肝炎、黄热病、还有 5 L. W, r2 r: {6 v! [+ g
一种以前我从未听说过的轮状病毒,这些疾病每年导致50万儿童死亡,但是在美国一例死 0 i1 J! [% h* \! Q) a7 k
亡病例也没有。 1 Z& R2 j v }! Z3 ]5 a
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We were shocked. We had just assumed that if millions of children were dying a
5 Z' n i+ {/ s0 W$ O: G" } gnd they could be saved, the world would make it a priority to discover and del X8 d9 P" G* w& d
iver the medicines to save them. But it did not. For under a dollar, there wer + m _* s" W4 Z1 G* ^3 c
e interventions that could save lives that just weren't being delivered. $ E$ f" E) K ~9 l
3 @8 k: Q0 L$ V我们被震惊了。我们想,如果几百万儿童正在死亡线上挣扎,而且他们是可以被挽救的,
8 Y: t1 X' v' v5 R q6 `. ]那么世界理应将用药物拯救他们作为头等大事。但是事实并非如此。那些价格还不到一美 7 _6 P! }# F) n" h
元的救命的药剂,并没有送到他们的手中。 " y( j/ L( [% S- ?# x
" z* Z' ?3 b/ nIf you believe that every life has equal value, it's revolting to learn that s
0 f& A, c, x9 D+ ?1 Come lives are seen as worth saving and others are not. We said to ourselves: "
& N! i; g% h( m! BThis can't be true. But if it is true, it deserves to be the priority of our g
2 m, ]* m5 u* _- d" I& Aiving." 1 j/ G4 d: N- w& N$ ^: W
, q- ^, @+ r+ y$ ]5 n3 T/ O! a$ H如果你相信每个生命都是平等的,那么当你发现某些生命被挽救了,而另一些生命被放弃 - H5 n6 ?- k$ X2 u4 k' N" C: N: l
了,你会感到无法接受。我们对自己说:“事情不可能如此。如果这是真的,那么它理应 + b: a3 r' R# z# Z% A" z& J
是我们努力的头等大事。”
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8 ?1 T% _& |, `! v) S! FSo we began our work in the same way anyone here would begin it. We asked: "Ho & A6 ]9 j# _; _% S
w could the world let these children die?" 0 N( A) c/ R9 u A
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所以,我们用任何人都会想到的方式开始工作。我们问:“这个世界怎么可以眼睁睁看着
5 g4 u5 l% @. A3 r' b这些孩子死去?” + p, v0 Q$ t+ D2 U3 m9 r
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The answer is simple, and harsh. The market did not reward saving the lives of
# ?5 K& g5 r1 N6 \2 Uthese children, and governments did not subsidize it. So the children died be
% `/ i/ ?* }: X% [3 n' i+ `$ Jcause their mothers and their fathers had no power in the market and no voice . {8 F( g% D. T/ \2 u' v; F
in the system.
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答案很简单,也很令人难堪。在市场经济中,拯救儿童是一项没有利润的工作,政府也不 $ B6 A* P. U k. C9 V0 b% `7 @' z+ r
会提供补助。这些儿童之所以会死亡,是因为他们的父母在经济上没有实力,在政治上没 ) X% v2 \. W/ P6 ]6 k) @
有能力发出声音。
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: U3 D8 d9 a8 KBut you and I have both. - L& T, `8 W( K" C4 b% \& u
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但是,你们和我在经济上有实力,在政治上能够发出声音。
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We can make market forces work better for the poor if we can develop a more cr . G; |0 Q1 k1 U, z& |
eative capitalism – if we can stretch the reach of market forces so that more
9 O. j# B, V! u+ v2 I1 ipeople can make a profit, or at least make a living, serving people who are s
5 ^# O& e& P" G, O/ Tuffering from the worst inequities. We also can press governments around the w 7 d; A$ p7 u/ D J& u# V V9 O8 C
orld to spend taxpayer money in ways that better reflect the values of the peo
' N" U0 u$ g3 Cple who pay the taxes.
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我们可以让市场更好地为穷人服务,如果我们能够设计出一种更有创新性的资本主义制度
" W) H8 p- |( `* J y; Z——如果我们可以改变市场,让更多的人可以获得利润,或者至少可以维持生活——那么 , Z2 j0 Q2 \0 z. h! M: r
,这就可以帮到那些正在极端不平等的状况中受苦的人们。我们还可以向全世界的政府施 7 K9 X$ n! }4 N" t
压,要求他们将纳税人的钱,花到更符合纳税人价值观的地方。 " l# `* C* [6 }1 }+ o0 l
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If we can find approaches that meet the needs of the poor in ways that generat 3 n) c: z0 W C8 [2 f6 e
e profits for business and votes for politicians, we will have found a sustain
: ^( ?7 Z4 M0 ^, Y+ q Aable way to reduce inequity in the world. This task is open-ended. It can neve
$ T% k8 ~/ v: a# t2 S) o& ]r be finished. But a conscious effort to answer this challenge will change the ( R5 d/ l5 L/ W: O( y& \4 m
world.
9 n0 u) U" Z$ ?5 A; |2 N" Y! K9 g$ Z* R' H. x# a7 w
如果我们能够找到这样一种方法,既可以帮到穷人,又可以为商人带来利润,为政治家带
! j& {& ~- [- b4 Q来选票,那么我们就找到了一种减少世界性不平等的可持续的发展道路。这个任务是无限 # ^. [$ D! K1 q. @1 ?
的。它不可能被完全完成,但是任何自觉地解决这个问题的尝试,都将会改变这个世界。
! ~6 F' {9 _" k9 `
4 f1 E- A* Z% P) S% a7 }' m) B' W" Y3 h8 e
I am optimistic that we can do this, but I talk to skeptics who claim there is * S: z) K7 Z" ]9 s: }1 N
no hope. They say: "Inequity has been with us since the beginning, and will b
5 f; ^/ k# f5 m0 A. u" V/ T/ y" ee with us till the end – because people just … don't … care." I completely & O5 F, I& a, R! m+ s( V* p
disagree.
& f2 o) U7 J; F1 W, w6 Y; w! D, c/ ?( ?- G" x, M" U
在这个问题上,我是乐观的。但是,我也遇到过那些感到绝望的怀疑主义者。他们说:“ - @) ~$ L$ u( v! B) W
不平等从人类诞生的第一天就存在,到人类灭亡的最后一天也将存在。——因为人类对这 $ V" E0 P9 h& [9 l& S
个问题根本不在乎。”我完全不能同意这种观点。 # y! f, z5 y/ D
+ w1 p: t. v6 {I believe we have more caring than we know what to do with.
& v+ O' n2 m6 c" G- b4 k) A, u# S5 K& r; m" L4 {
我相信,问题不是我们不在乎,而是我们不知道怎么做。 1 x; p$ W: J% D, B
/ R% V( D& d' j1 f# r2 qAll of us here in this Yard, at one time or another, have seen human tragedies 7 A) L( R! L" }( U# D
that broke our hearts, and yet we did nothing – not because we didn't care,
- p( `0 z6 Y" I5 y5 Fbut because we didn't know what to do. If we had known how to help, we would h 0 v7 }: b8 h, K6 v( J) a
ave acted.
: }! C8 C7 K% n2 v% h, s i
+ S' }2 G: ]7 s8 A$ L此刻在这个院子里的所有人,生命中总有这样或那样的时刻,目睹人类的悲剧,感到万分 # M( K+ Y* y6 g4 E
伤心。但是我们什么也没做,并非我们无动于衷,而是因为我们不知道做什么和怎么做。
F) ^% ?- s- f4 c9 S' H如果我们知道如何做是有效的,那么我们就会采取行动。 ! h2 @; s7 L$ N9 ?
! B. x0 n) \. ]: k: X4 G
The barrier to change is not too little caring; it is too much complexity.
0 f. O2 K: _+ L, V' `9 P! _
3 |4 r* |) x& G9 {6 ^改变世界的阻碍,并非人类的冷漠,而是世界实在太复杂。
$ ~2 E2 p( D+ k$ o6 E) }
& H* k$ w; j+ ]6 {0 H! i" H" CTo turn caring into action, we need to see a problem, see a solution, and see 2 f0 p, R$ y* d3 `6 w& ?! T7 B' U' ~
the impact. But complexity blocks all three steps.
: C' t& ^7 @7 Z/ l* s* w. n! u+ o6 a6 d& u& ^
为了将关心转变为行动,我们需要找到问题,发现解决办法的方法,评估后果。但是世界
Y% n8 P# E0 m3 I的复杂性使得所有这些步骤都难于做到。
% o! V* T$ q' \) m! n3 x' S6 g- x3 B7 n" |
Even with the advent of the Internet and 24-hour news, it is still a complex e
, V5 Z( S) ?" fnterprise to get people to truly see the problems. When an airplane crashes, o - d8 }/ ~- R( X. C1 N
fficials immediately call a press conference. They promise to investigate, det ' R. k: D! m8 d* f0 E& }, W1 w
ermine the cause, and prevent similar crashes in the future. & j7 k; B9 h: H( B+ q, y! I0 I
7 {- [+ ^- N/ Y9 g a1 @, `即使有了互联网和24小时直播的新闻台,让人们真正发现问题所在,仍然十分困难。当一
! @2 ]2 Y2 _7 D" O. J/ `5 `: o W* N架飞机坠毁了,官员们会立刻召开新闻发布会,他们承诺进行调查、找到原因、防止将来
# u! g7 w; J% T- {; O: t$ y再次发生类似事故。
% `4 O2 s+ m1 G" g0 n# T' t* E8 @6 H6 l/ {5 s+ F0 x2 j
But if the officials were brutally honest, they would say: "Of all the people # `5 I4 J+ z, J* h* m/ ~7 O% i# U
in the world who died today from preventable causes, one half of one percent o
5 R* G; b9 F) `! d& Zf them were on this plane. We're determined to do everything possible to solve 5 d5 B% J$ q6 H4 R
the problem that took the lives of the one half of one percent." / r0 W: `+ S( b* M
* K6 d1 G0 S0 F4 E9 C1 I0 c* T9 k, x
但是如果那些官员敢说真话,他们就会说:“在今天这一天,全世界所有可以避免的死亡
4 M4 `3 d: W' H6 u之中,只有0.5%的死者来自于这次空难。我们决心尽一切努力,调查这个0.5%的死亡原因
* e1 l4 f' N: n0 Q( I7 C- m。” ; P# o$ I) [2 @! J% Q
+ x7 L& ^, N; I: N H. N' ?
The bigger problem is not the plane crash, but the millions of preventable dea # r& a6 V( @8 w4 W- e" i* D
ths.
$ ^" S. d2 m' d ?( I
6 W5 I- H4 _+ X8 \' ]3 q( F/ S显然,更重要的问题不是这次空难,而是其他几百万可以预防的死亡事件。
, C& c2 ]. K5 r& P
i3 h R0 `5 F A) JWe don't read much about these deaths. The media covers what's new – and mill - {* A& V8 m' u/ o7 b- A
ions of people dying is nothing new. So it stays in the background, where it's 2 j% ~) r+ f# j7 |% W# y* G
easier to ignore. But even when we do see it or read about it, it's difficult ' n, J! g5 V3 c% O6 X% S* s2 \! G
to keep our eyes on the problem. It's hard to look at suffering if the situat
4 R$ I: p) y9 u0 uion is so complex that we don't know how to help. And so we look away. / ?3 K& A; ~; b6 A
+ \. N/ S% r7 @5 t! [我们并没有很多机会了解那些死亡事件。媒体总是报告新闻,几百万人将要死去并非新闻
8 J, N7 {% Z6 K' A- |, Z% {& T% P。如果没有人报道,那么这些事件就很容易被忽视。另一方面,即使我们确实目睹了事件 2 r! l0 i' f0 q& J' |" ^' W
本身或者看到了相关报道,我们也很难持续关注这些事件。看着他人受苦是令人痛苦的, 0 B2 V% g/ Y s' V0 r: _. z( ]
何况问题又如此复杂,我们根本不知道如何去帮助他人。所以我们会将脸转过去。
: {- L9 G% `: ~+ O6 Y& [4 V9 w: c
% D' B4 T0 L+ H' J2 ?" IIf we can really see a problem, which is the first step, we come to the second
O4 u( f5 Y h6 o' O f* }2 f# q' ]; Gstep: cutting through the complexity to find a solution.
: S( e1 a/ `' c' B- q5 m+ u2 E# q' D1 ^4 m. k( A5 N z& v
就算我们真正发现了问题所在,也不过是迈出了第一步,接着还有第二步:那就是从复杂
& e# o. W: l9 R的事件中找到解决办法。 . O+ Z) W: `0 H+ ~/ R% B! k
1 B9 L6 I1 p7 q# b+ l( N4 j8 S3 \
Finding solutions is essential if we want to make the most of our caring. If w : r) k/ U3 Q" `- `" [" G$ ^; D
e have clear and proven answers anytime an organization or individual asks "Ho
0 Z& y/ S# l, ww can I help?," then we can get action – and we can make sure that none of th
: @* G k) E O& me caring in the world is wasted. But complexity makes it hard to mark a path o
* f3 `' S+ @( X0 @* hf action for everyone who cares — and that makes it hard for their caring to 9 M$ R) O0 g. @: Z {
matter. ; e, I+ w1 n" W8 m
6 a+ w$ L$ V( m1 F6 N如果我们要让关心落到实处,我们就必须找到解决办法。如果我们有一个清晰的和可靠的
0 Y4 ?& E6 h3 d5 Y/ c( l答案,那么当任何组织和个人发出疑问“如何我能提供帮助”的时候,我们就能采取行动
: F* \, J) ^. l# O6 S。我们就能够保证不浪费一丁点全世界人类对他人的关心。但是,世界的复杂性使得很难
4 r1 W* k. v. R: L1 V% x- Z/ [5 _找到对全世界每一个有爱心的人都有效的行动方法,因此人类对他人的关心往往很难产生
. ?9 W4 M: T. Z$ V) I实际效果。 0 y1 ^3 x4 m7 \; W& M
) U: |( y/ E2 ]4 d" L) W* F
Cutting through complexity to find a solution runs through four predictable st
: f, F2 t E6 U+ t' e Zages: determine a goal, find the highest-leverage approach, discover the ideal ' w4 Y! S" W0 _% H6 L* Z, K
technology for that approach, and in the meantime, make the smartest applicat 8 @9 x1 n% L5 D9 Z7 [+ b
ion of the technology that you already have — whether it's something sophisti
# O/ J* g# U- |/ bcated, like a drug, or something simpler, like a bednet.
. E. M+ R8 d* D7 N2 k, N
0 O' A' z+ }1 z从这个复杂的世界中找到解决办法,可以分为四个步骤:确定目标,找到最高效的方法, 2 |! a" h# f& e; ]. [& `+ K6 j+ v: C
发现适用于这个方法的新技术,同时最聪明地利用现有的技术,不管它是复杂的药物,还
: L0 P' E7 Z! n1 D2 ]- k: D! q是最简单的蚊帐。 / [/ w! k: z7 r- l( l
* Y' [1 u; z9 G# ?: I- b4 K: ^The AIDS epidemic offers an example. The broad goal, of course, is to end the 7 @( Y% T8 q% n8 z, R- `
disease. The highest-leverage approach is prevention. The ideal technology wou 5 y! _ b$ `0 D( b2 I
ld be a vaccine that gives lifetime immunity with a single dose. So government
7 F3 x3 \4 o: f- o0 r8 us, drug companies, and foundations fund vaccine research. But their work is li
! I7 g6 H. g7 Xkely to take more than a decade, so in the meantime, we have to work with what 5 m8 z# B' G, {. U) H6 i9 w$ I
we have in hand – and the best prevention approach we have now is getting pe + N2 i$ L! z `! Z
ople to avoid risky behavior.
9 e, c4 T9 V$ N- x8 ]/ T8 i% q5 g; Z3 b6 T$ i
艾滋病就是一个例子。总的目标,毫无疑问是消灭这种疾病。最高效的方法是预防。最理 4 ]& m" }3 o) ?6 Q$ F' H1 v0 F
想的技术是发明一种疫苗,只要注射一次,就可以终生免疫。所以,政府、制药公司、基
$ B) u1 n2 t+ g s- ]; {# U& d金会应该资助疫苗研究。但是,这样研究工作很可能十年之内都无法完成。因此,与此同
1 r/ l+ u) n% t+ i$ }: D时,我们必须使用现有的技术,目前最有效的预防方法就是设法让人们避免那些危险的行
! O! A5 b4 z7 j" i为。
( O$ x3 F6 @! Q5 w1 u I5 `. Z( |6 a$ @: T" c: a: h
Pursuing that goal starts the four-step cycle again. This is the pattern. The 3 Z7 R' X& I q# c
crucial thing is to never stop thinking and working – and never do what we di 7 I g" l. \% h2 j' f( T. x# G0 T
d with malaria and tuberculosis in the 20th century – which is to surrender t
! D, {; Z& H1 u0 X9 I: O2 ?o complexity and quit.
9 H7 m; K. y9 d9 i' I: b
* V* Q4 B3 J0 l& o" D1 ]% s) M要实现这个新的目标,又可以采用新的四步循环。这是一种模式。关键的东西是永远不要
( w. z0 X- \7 W9 J3 B. K停止思考和行动。我们千万不能再犯上个世纪在疟疾和肺结核上犯过的错误,那时我们因
8 E9 b0 y- f% P( V% R$ c2 w. K5 L1 o为它们太复杂,而放弃了采取行动。
+ ~+ h: W& p9 H n/ K1 b7 D2 T; U! |5 ^7 d ]
The final step – after seeing the problem and finding an approach – is to me 0 j: f) i* o& |( A/ o- d! U) D
asure the impact of your work and share your successes and failures so that ot 3 A3 S( `: l- S" T, O- J/ Q
hers learn from your efforts. ) [3 c# N' ^8 ]6 H
' {4 u8 | I/ n. E0 X: s
在发现问题和找到解决方法之后,就是最后一步——评估工作结果,将你的成功经验或者 : l6 N9 l0 d: S! Y
失败经验传播出去,这样其他人就可以从你的努力中有所收获。 0 `) G( ?# K& U
) l% H9 K8 G: S) T
You have to have the statistics, of course. You have to be able to show that a
[& Q" v8 q" T0 Yprogram is vaccinating millions more children. You have to be able to show a ; d4 j/ J/ h; c# j/ k( r9 b! V% S
decline in the number of children dying from these diseases. This is essential
* J# C n3 D" C H' t% gnot just to improve the program, but also to help draw more investment from b
8 Z. B1 N6 K/ A$ s" Ousiness and government.
4 i! U x6 `* F9 L3 O: |4 w$ s0 k/ k( [! P3 o* e, k: a
当然,你必须有一些统计数字。你必须让他人知道,你的项目为几百万儿童新接种了疫苗
* v: Y+ _! T4 R N# \9 ]。你也必须让他人知道,儿童死亡人数下降了多少。这些都是很关键的,不仅有利于改善
. r; @; e/ w; S" Z- z项目效果,也有利于从商界和政府得到更多的帮助。 " v" \9 n! S. S# H
A' _% j4 R+ h6 {+ c
But if you want to inspire people to participate, you have to show more than n , C4 W/ F! t6 h
umbers; you have to convey the human impact of the work – so people can feel , {" U- q r( n# f" b' N/ x5 W, n% D9 q
what saving a life means to the families affected.
) E/ f5 v5 W/ r- b; h9 @! O8 C- ]* c
但是,这些还不够,如果你想激励其他人参加你的项目,你就必须拿出更多的统计数字;
! ?/ T/ L% q% A% b: c% n5 ^你必须展示你的项目的人性因素,这样其他人就会感到拯救一个生命,对那些处在困境中 + h0 j1 e8 R$ A: D, i Y
的家庭到底意味着什么。
, ~* N& P$ U0 i
4 T5 e2 N+ U9 D1 P$ r( a8 uI remember going to Davos some years back and sitting on a global health panel 2 c/ p- ^) _( G5 A
that was discussing ways to save millions of lives. Millions! Think of the th * F' s) F9 M) B$ k
rill of saving just one person's life – then multiply that by millions. … Ye
% C* F: O+ u& K! R8 n5 T9 \1 C: q: zt this was the most boring panel I've ever been on – ever. So boring even I c 9 ? e5 I5 r+ X6 X! z; W
ouldn't bear it. 8 B0 M# l- i! e# ?
" p4 ]/ t( u# J5 e* ?' [
几年前,我去瑞士达沃斯旁听一个全球健康问题论坛,会议的内容有关于如何拯救几百万
) n V, x$ W" Y% l条生命。天哪,是几百万!想一想吧,拯救一个人的生命已经让人何等激动,现在你要把
8 E9 I/ E5 H8 p1 a这种激动再乘上几百万倍……但是,不幸的是,这是我参加过的最最乏味的论坛,乏味到 1 X1 g. a( c) b7 M
我无法强迫自己听下去。
& G0 Y) C' e& H
7 ~: j( C2 f' o; a9 z, LWhat made that experience especially striking was that I had just come from an
9 G0 m( v7 k! ~0 h; f3 q4 Ievent where we were introducing version 13 of some piece of software, and we # j3 [/ Q* |7 U+ Y0 r
had people jumping and shouting with excitement. I love getting people excited
0 H' o$ P5 Y, x( b. l' cabout software – but why can't we generate even more excitement for saving l 0 a9 S* M' m( v% t a4 \
ives?
# O5 z: n Q1 |& h
k& W3 T* L5 h t那次经历之所以让我难忘,是因为之前我们刚刚发布了一个软件的第13个版本,我们让观
* c' E/ a% O( [8 B众激动得跳了起来,喊出了声。我喜欢人们因为软件而感到激动,那么我们为什么不能够
) j7 h% N# t1 D; h- b让人们因为能够拯救生命而感到更加激动呢? / {5 \- P5 M- K6 U
. n8 E- z. Q! I
You can't get people excited unless you can help them see and feel the impact. 4 ?( j/ r4 o3 u% N
And how you do that – is a complex question. / d) E1 X9 Q( _' R6 i
9 [. P8 q7 v \# ~# H除非你能够让人们看到或者感受到行动的影响力,否则你无法让人们激动。如何做到这一 1 c }$ p% u& J/ t5 Q- j
点,并不是一件简单的事。 / L3 r( U. ]; Y& J1 p
2 R, k% Y( {( A4 r, vStill, I'm optimistic. Yes, inequity has been with us forever, but the new too
: b% C# Y" ~2 kls we have to cut through complexity have not been with us forever. They are n
# C. c# x/ f7 m1 F' R: u4 c f) pew – they can help us make the most of our caring – and that's why the futur 8 q7 Y; c9 G+ H( Y
e can be different from the past.
1 a* k, \8 X: a1 v0 z3 z; S
" Q. v% `- e% F- u" f# o同前面一样,在这个问题上,我依然是乐观的。不错,人类的不平等有史以来一直存在, ) f! C. Y. o; f6 s6 b2 s
但是那些能够化繁为简的新工具,却是最近才出现的。这些新工具可以帮助我们,将人类 3 d0 x6 t2 s/ e1 F) M* T
的同情心发挥最大的作用,这就是为什么将来同过去是不一样的。 % ~ F+ K' H1 D+ X z
7 j) S- \) Q( w" c% r( Q+ eThe defining and ongoing innovations of this age – biotechnology, the compute
& g: W7 v; x1 O8 cr, the Internet – give us a chance we've never had before to end extreme pove $ D0 M( c# q" R9 c; p9 E
rty and end death from preventable disease. % t5 l u0 h% ?$ x8 ~7 E& f
0 p- k" A: ^5 i( I/ t这个时代无时无刻不在涌现出新的革新——生物技术,计算机,互联网——它们给了我们 2 X8 I$ d( p3 ~# m
一个从未有过的机会,去终结那些极端的贫穷和非恶性疾病的死亡。
5 K* r9 X* i( t8 B( x) H4 B
. L1 {. G& }9 n- M. ^" |Sixty years ago, George Marshall came to this commencement and announced a pla + d% i j( p' {4 h7 m* J
n to assist the nations of post-war Europe. He said: "I think one difficulty i
" v" U! s8 ] C7 Bs that the problem is one of such enormous complexity that the very mass of fa
% p( o& z9 `* z7 R9 @$ Y) ccts presented to the public by press and radio make it exceedingly difficult f # l* x4 @+ } W
or the man in the street to reach a clear appraisement of the situation. It is - t7 g P# p( q
virtually impossible at this distance to grasp at all the real significance o
* K/ w. Q/ O9 p! c0 G+ e6 V! @/ kf the situation." $ r( ~& D0 }- `1 u8 c
, A4 K2 X V1 z- s六十年前,乔治·马歇尔也是在这个地方的毕业典礼上,宣布了一个计划,帮助那些欧洲
9 T3 F; u+ j% x# b, k+ A国家的战后建设。他说:“我认为,困难的一点是这个问题太复杂,报纸和电台向公众源
1 R& i3 P0 C* f \; D: w源不断地提供各种事实,使得大街上的普通人极端难于清晰地判断形势。事实上,经过层
. F7 p* T) G) }& M2 p: @层传播,想要真正地把握形势,是根本不可能的。”
% | \4 t$ V9 k; n, ]' z& U
5 }3 i& B; O4 r, I6 W9 XThirty years after Marshall made his address, as my class graduated without me
* k: |5 e A0 g, L# l, technology was emerging that would make the world smaller, more open, more v
9 W( Y1 s* e- D3 O* U3 Jisible, less distant. " H, I. r% X/ a: Q
( k5 X4 [* M0 k马歇尔发表这个演讲之后的三十年,我那一届学生毕业,当然我不在其中。那时,新技术
6 ^) K! E5 ?9 G7 d& n8 H刚刚开始萌芽,它们将使得这个世界变得更小、更开放、更容易看到、距离更近。
4 Y1 R/ J% g, R6 k# R/ W& W# Z# l8 r. I) V$ C
The emergence of low-cost personal computers gave rise to a powerful network t : c" g8 X. K/ V. `( |7 T) @
hat has transformed opportunities for learning and communicating.
$ L: O0 v4 y! I& [- R m. U7 O2 K; i3 r
低成本的个人电脑的出现,使得一个强大的互联网有机会诞生,它为学习和交流提供了巨
" z5 ]5 R! s% |9 @, W& \& n* Y大的机会。
2 p6 u7 a" A8 M( S5 S9 x6 X* j% _4 w+ G
The magical thing about this network is not just that it collapses distance an
2 d( q+ {8 ~& `" Pd makes everyone your neighbor. It also dramatically increases the number of b
$ D; y; \: S' j `1 s; Srilliant minds we can have working together on the same problem – and that sc / u! W; _; O& m/ O
ales up the rate of innovation to a staggering degree.
% q1 J; {5 I2 Y/ v3 J& ?, q, O; T, G2 w+ P9 M( y
网络的神奇之处,不仅仅是它缩短了物理距离,使得天涯若比邻。它还极大地增加了怀有 & P% e4 P1 L5 G8 J' b
共同想法的人们聚集在一起的机会,我们可以为了解决同一个问题,一起共同工作。这就 8 @+ G+ t. X$ I; v0 U3 P
大大加快了革新的进程,发展速度简直快得让人震惊。
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8 a- v5 \3 \, {, `. \. MAt the same time, for every person in the world who has access to this technol 1 H8 ~; p6 z/ @) `7 Y8 ?
ogy, five people don't. That means many creative minds are left out of this di
. G$ K9 T# {2 w; a7 vscussion -- smart people with practical intelligence and relevant experience w
( ?" }/ ]- E2 ~# ^0 |ho don't have the technology to hone their talents or contribute their ideas t 1 O/ f3 R5 U) L1 d6 ^
o the world.
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与此同时,世界上有条件上网的人,只是全部人口的六分之一。这意味着,还有许多具有 0 X- _9 I2 J- L
创造性的人们,没有加入到我们的讨论中来。那些有着实际的操作经验和相关经历的聪明 % j, K' @6 `/ K3 V/ b# P, y: g
人,却没有技术来帮助他们,将他们的天赋或者想法与全世界分享。 " d$ K+ C7 ^" T) K
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We need as many people as possible to have access to this technology, because
8 r9 H2 h4 H/ S# x0 h \these advances are triggering a revolution in what human beings can do for one
( p% K! _! Y0 J- e$ fanother. They are making it possible not just for national governments, but f 1 }- G* E+ Y1 [5 ?5 R
or universities, corporations, smaller organizations, and even individuals to
! k$ b& C7 {' P6 E- |see problems, see approaches, and measure the impact of their efforts to addre
& \. L& b4 d# Z2 nss the hunger, poverty, and desperation George Marshall spoke of 60 years ago. " y0 G4 |1 N. Z: S0 D& K
4 L0 X9 D/ U8 [. C6 W/ Y+ T) \' z5 q4 Z( K/ m' K3 S! p2 t
我们需要尽可能地让更多的人有机会使用新技术,因为这些新技术正在引发一场革命,人 . o6 `( n6 z2 K8 H- W6 W
类将因此可以互相帮助。新技术正在创造一种可能,不仅是政府,还包括大学、公司、小
% v5 r8 V- x% ]7 l8 Z机构、甚至个人,能够发现问题所在、能够找到解决办法、能够评估他们努力的效果,去 $ m' P- G4 H6 K% V$ n4 s# Z+ h
改变那些马歇尔六十年前就说到过的问题——饥饿、贫穷和绝望。 + P# v7 J( d; V* r/ t+ I7 @
* |% S8 u! `* O1 Z K' e( d) Y
Members of the Harvard Family: Here in the Yard is one of the great collection ! V2 n5 f0 P: h! `" s) k I
s of intellectual talent in the world.
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哈佛是一个大家庭。这个院子里在场的人们,是全世界最有智力的人类群体之一。 , t0 ]% u: P8 E% n% _9 ]7 N1 @
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What for?
( c- t8 f6 O- A5 G( I8 X' c6 a: e9 P
我们可以做些什么?
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% N3 T K1 a @$ MThere is no question that the faculty, the alumni, the students, and the benef % c+ {8 C& b* M, D4 @. W" C ~
actors of Harvard have used their power to improve the lives of people here an 8 U. [6 b& w3 G# y4 d0 w
d around the world. But can we do more? Can Harvard dedicate its intellect to
" P( C! |1 L. q1 U% B) e, q' M5 mimproving the lives of people who will never even hear its name? # h* \: \' r; v8 T+ M
H: K2 s0 t7 c# S+ h+ p
毫无疑问,哈佛的老师、校友、学生和资助者,已经用他们的能力改善了全世界各地人们 5 X5 d7 R! ~$ A& _% h
的生活。但是,我们还能够再做什么呢?有没有可能,哈佛的人们可以将他们的智慧,用 ( t: f+ r8 g! P
来帮助那些甚至从来没有听到过“哈佛”这个名字的人?
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Let me make a request of the deans and the professors – the intellectual lead $ O2 _, Q5 ^+ z! M$ K
ers here at Harvard: As you hire new faculty, award tenure, review curriculum,
/ q* Z4 a" g! D4 _- }and determine degree requirements, please ask yourselves:
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8 \3 O7 x! c0 K' l请允许我向各位院长和教授,提出一个请求——你们是哈佛的智力领袖,当你们雇用新的
$ W" x$ p3 K0 M* x2 B7 w3 G0 L6 f! C& O老师、授予终身教职、评估课程、决定学位颁发标准的时候,请问你们自己如下的问题: ) I. g2 p# Z* U8 k+ G0 N
8 f' e; `2 q* s+ u+ E/ U+ s) o- x( V L
Should our best minds be dedicated to solving our biggest problems?
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8 U P, `7 p* T) K我们最优秀的人才是否在致力于解决我们最大的问题? . s+ d" e! n# Z7 [
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Should Harvard encourage its faculty to take on the world's worst inequities? ! ^. {, @. t3 |
Should Harvard students learn about the depth of global poverty … the prevale & I3 p% p! ?2 ?, {8 N4 q" F
nce of world hunger … the scarcity of clean water …the girls kept out of sch
$ ]9 S+ V8 `! a8 ?ool … the children who die from diseases we can cure?
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哈佛是否鼓励她的老师去研究解决世界上最严重的不平等?哈佛的学生是否从全球那些极 7 B$ |9 }6 v8 U F3 ^6 c* I
端的贫穷中学到了什么……世界性的饥荒……清洁的水资源的缺乏……无法上学的女童…
1 K9 Q& r3 ?+ ?* j6 U8 Y7 g…死于非恶性疾病的儿童……哈佛的学生有没有从中学到东西? ' V; z4 k9 G1 s' u! r% T% G
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Should the world's most privileged people learn about the lives of the world's
! x: D* Y; q" b7 R0 a( w1 V2 H! Qleast privileged? $ A. H8 _5 ]$ l& `1 F& Z" ~; ]9 `
+ l7 O4 W% F+ ?9 H! s那些世界上过着最优越生活的人们,有没有从那些最困难的人们身上学到东西? " R7 _1 A$ N$ t: A5 Z1 {
q& u2 I$ @7 AThese are not rhetorical questions – you will answer with your policies. / j# x0 Q/ G& M
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这些问题并非语言上的修辞。你必须用自己的行动来回答它们。
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" p# P$ g) m$ {, u# [2 I( XMy mother, who was filled with pride the day I was admitted here – never stop
1 d6 _# o5 R3 y1 Wped pressing me to do more for others. A few days before my wedding, she hoste ' s1 i1 `) ^# M6 U
d a bridal event, at which she read aloud a letter about marriage that she had . W. y2 _$ s7 ^2 U- h, m2 T
written to Melinda. My mother was very ill with cancer at the time, but she s
H: R+ ]6 T3 y U% G' M# maw one more opportunity to deliver her message, and at the close of the letter 9 l: q. \' u5 P; L9 I$ l. H# x( ]" x& w
she said: "From those to whom much is given, much is expected."
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我的母亲在我被哈佛大学录取的那一天,曾经感到非常骄傲。她从没有停止督促我,去为
# `( J" G( m8 o/ r他人做更多的事情。在我结婚的前几天,她主持了一个新娘进我家的仪式。在这个仪式上 ; g3 e; d7 A0 U- r) r& {4 ?" j
,她高声朗读了一封关于婚姻的信,这是她写给Melinda的。那时,我的母亲已经因为癌症 8 s# P8 A2 w" q; V* ?6 y- X
病入膏肓,但是她还是认为这是又一个传播她的信念的机会。在那封信的结尾,她写道: s+ y; ]+ I" d/ j, |+ t; z, s* l; \
“对于那些接受了许多帮助的人们,他们还在期待更多的帮助。你的能力越大,人们对你 2 T2 T& I( J7 P& h0 L* l8 k
的期望也就越大。”
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When you consider what those of us here in this Yard have been given – in tal
3 ]& C% ]8 J: D rent, privilege, and opportunity – there is almost no limit to what the world
5 Y8 y, o- L% Q- }has a right to expect from us.
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想一想吧,我们在这个院子里的这些人,被给予过什么——天赋、特权、机遇——那么可 2 R$ B) Q, l; a' V: }
以这样说,全世界的人们几乎有无限的权力,期待我们做出贡献。 8 y2 E' r- a/ R1 p% ~
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In line with the promise of this age, I want to exhort each of the graduates h . G# v! U8 ]9 m: V
ere to take on an issue – a complex problem, a deep inequity, and become a sp
. Y# ]* n k: u, @ecialist on it. If you make it the focus of your career, that would be phenome 4 Z: V4 ? \* c7 E: H/ c5 R) T; c
nal. But you don't have to do that to make an impact. For a few hours every we
7 m, q" j9 K. V+ r; @% Xek, you can use the growing power of the Internet to get informed, find others ' O- D8 g* J7 {% e, M: k" o: k
with the same interests, see the barriers, and find ways to cut through them.
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" a* }9 A5 C; T2 _3 l8 Q2 @, i同这个时代的期望一样,我也要向今天各位毕业的同学提出一个忠告:你们要选择一个问
: `/ W/ Y# h0 r7 T4 g3 B# n题,一个复杂的问题,一个有关于人类深刻的不平等的问题,然后你们要变成这个问题的
1 ` ~% K" `" j# l9 s" K专家。如果你们能够使得这个问题成为你们职业的核心,那么你们就会非常杰出。但是,
& i6 A4 |& R3 A5 u( X你们不必一定要去做那些大事。每个星期只用几个小时,你就可以通过互联网得到信息,
}. g C: }5 H! B8 L找到志同道合的朋友,发现困难所在,找到解决它们的途径。
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- r9 x% l" c9 U* D2 J( TDon't let complexity stop you. Be activists. Take on the big inequities. It wi
) X; l; T* s$ z B: r9 k9 oll be one of the great experiences of your lives.
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不要让这个世界的复杂性阻碍你前进。要成为一个行动主义者。将解决人类的不平等视为 / x$ g9 R. V8 Z) T
己任。它将成为你生命中最重要的经历之一。 7 z! a9 s" c& }+ c' m- l
% U- G, I0 s# Q: rYou graduates are coming of age in an amazing time. As you leave Harvard, you
0 s3 h L, k8 khave technology that members of my class never had. You have awareness of glob
5 p0 R) M+ g% m& h9 H0 {" t$ mal inequity, which we did not have. And with that awareness, you likely also h + l7 m+ j& T2 \7 B7 U: J- S/ E
ave an informed conscience that will torment you if you abandon these people w # @5 O* d) |5 Y5 Q! c
hose lives you could change with very little effort. You have more than we had 3 r# M# W' @. m% @. X$ S
; you must start sooner, and carry on longer.
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% h7 e! }: {) r% J在座的各位毕业的同学,你们所处的时代是一个神奇的时代。当你们离开哈佛的时候,你
4 Y) T; R/ f) W们拥有的技术,是我们那一届学生所没有的。你们已经了解到了世界上的不平等,我们那
5 F. k3 L1 f; H* K3 ]+ M时还不知道这些。有了这样的了解之后,要是你再弃那些你可以帮助的人们于不顾,就将 4 T0 i8 W$ U& ?2 {7 J0 N
受到良心的谴责,只需一点小小的努力,你就可以改变那些人们的生活。你们比我们拥有 & f6 J& M8 U l2 l5 ?; G/ O L
更大的能力;你们必须尽早开始,尽可能长时期坚持下去。 / ?* h: {2 x* ^; v' ^
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Knowing what you know, how could you not? : X6 W$ A. _& Y) k6 \
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知道了你们所知道的一切,你们怎么可能不采取行动呢?
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And I hope you will come back here to Harvard 30 years from now and reflect on
( w. j D4 j0 e3 l% C% g! i4 wwhat you have done with your talent and your energy. I hope you will judge yo 4 B4 H& K, B5 Y, C9 V
urselves not on your professional accomplishments alone, but also on how well
( ]+ @# C/ [$ u: e, ]' L8 Gyou have addressed the world's deepest inequities … on how well you treated p % _: \, B T R% x
eople a world away who have nothing in common with you but their humanity. 5 w8 _3 f6 e0 t8 @
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我希望,30年后你们还会再回到哈佛,想起你们用自己的天赋和能力所做出的一切。我希
4 F* Z( M- M4 y: x5 Z) D1 l望,在那个时候,你们用来评价自己的标准,不仅仅是你们的专业成就,而包括你们为改
0 M' p: G! d$ t% }变这个世界深刻的不平等所做出的努力,以及你们如何善待那些远隔千山万水、与你们毫 % W6 e# U* c9 F1 o
不涉及的人们,你们与他们唯一的共同点就是同为人类。 |
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