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2008-11-02 01:02:11 来自: lightpie(上次登录还是1.5年前.....) ( r! Z; P N# k) y3 c* K8 f
比尔·盖茨在哈佛大学毕业典礼上的演讲
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- }* z9 x, j! Z2007年6月7日
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( X1 M+ M% L4 | |7 D% w" R0 H" N阮一峰 译
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President Bok, former President Rudenstine, incoming President Faust, members , R; }- [/ ]9 u2 i+ p l, M d; p% a
of the Harvard Corporation and the Board of Overseers, members of the faculty, " I3 S+ ^# A% W
parents, and especially, the graduates:
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- P6 d% F3 M& l9 |1 `尊敬的Bok校长,Rudenstine前校长,即将上任的Faust校长,哈佛集团的各位成员,监管 2 S8 b4 Q( ]6 E7 T2 h: g' w
理事会的各位理事,各位老师,各位家长,各位同学:
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I've been waiting more than 30 years to say this: "Dad, I always told you I'd 0 z0 p+ ]- @6 U( ~+ k) z
come back and get my degree."
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$ o- B8 p ]5 K2 o有一句话我等了三十年,现在终于可以说了:“老爸,我总是跟你说,我会回来拿到我的
. U, {9 O* `, x1 v学位的!”
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2 q$ g6 i0 \. m9 g7 P3 `0 oI want to thank Harvard for this timely honor. I'll be changing my job next ye
1 t) X! Y# c- ?" \% nar … and it will be nice to finally have a college degree on my resume.
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我要感谢哈佛大学在这个时候给我这个荣誉。明年,我就要换工作了(注:指从微软公司 ' }* D/ C0 ^7 W, B" Z, B3 o' i
退休)……我终于可以在简历上写我有一个本科学位,这真是不错啊。 9 b9 G8 g% D& {+ y& A
4 A2 j8 s3 s) P5 Y0 g" G# vI applaud the graduates today for taking a much more direct route to your degr Z0 S/ i5 F7 _) c& F, A* ^& u
ees. For my part, I'm just happy that the Crimson has called me "Harvard's mos
! [$ O5 x1 J1 _! A3 G8 Y' dt successful dropout." I guess that makes me valedictorian of my own special c
+ t7 {: S8 J, @lass … I did the best of everyone who failed. / ]* S% {& `7 X$ V6 f ^
; g; D) O( _ r$ ~. C+ W我为今天在座的各位同学感到高兴,你们拿到学位可比我简单多了。哈佛的校报称我是“
. F& w. d2 j3 l4 u哈佛大学历史上最成功的辍学生”。我想这大概使我有资格代表我这一类学生发言……在
+ x1 u- c4 |; t3 A$ j3 r8 Z, y所有的失败者里,我做得最好。 9 b# t/ m E, d7 a
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But I also want to be recognized as the guy who got Steve Ballmer to drop out
2 e+ |/ ?* D3 U1 J% }! }, j* y6 \0 y% pof business school. I'm a bad influence. That's why I was invited to speak at
' \8 }/ _- u, _4 b; v- \7 Y byour graduation. If I had spoken at your orientation, fewer of you might be he + s. y/ n B: Y' U6 S
re today. 2 j" X4 @4 r* e
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但是,我还要提醒大家,我使得Steve Ballmer(注:微软总经理)也从哈佛商学院退学了 9 f/ N$ h- T9 T0 M6 F% j' C
。因此,我是个有着恶劣影响力的人。这就是为什么我被邀请来在你们的毕业典礼上演讲 8 e) e6 Z% O& }: o# ~" D) v
。如果我在你们入学欢迎仪式上演讲,那么能够坚持到今天在这里毕业的人也许会少得多
1 m# D) G$ i1 J( Z8 p吧。
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Harvard was just a phenomenal experience for me. Academic life was fascinating
. O# `8 L5 x, E& t: d3 S* ?. I used to sit in on lots of classes I hadn't even signed up for. And dorm li , K; ], h3 G! ^: m! c
fe was terrific. I lived up at Radcliffe, in Currier House. There were always ) ~9 ~4 |& N; l* H. _
lots of people in my dorm room late at night discussing things, because everyo
4 J. O' C* _) D8 k) c- l) nne knew I didn't worry about getting up in the morning. That's how I came to b % M) z/ o, z* t' d; p9 g) G
e the leader of the anti-social group. We clung to each other as a way of vali & q9 p( \9 D+ H; e, E) Y0 m
dating our rejection of all those social people.
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- t1 s$ P% U" W4 t) i B) X7 Q/ F对我来说,哈佛的求学经历是一段非凡的经历。校园生活很有趣,我常去旁听我没选修的
8 H$ j4 }+ g( f2 \课。哈佛的课外生活也很棒,我在Radcliffe过着逍遥自在的日子。每天我的寝室里总有很
* t7 A" o$ f8 t0 K7 x) u3 J: Q多人一直待到半夜,讨论着各种事情。因为每个人都知道我从不考虑第二天早起。这使得 : K( l1 k& k+ X5 m' u4 _
我变成了校园里那些不安分学生的头头,我们互相粘在一起,做出一种拒绝所有正常学生 " r% x* e& ]; W' Z
的姿态。
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) c5 I% ?# g" _( JRadcliffe was a great place to live. There were more women up there, and most 2 t5 z, j Z3 Z" n8 s2 o r
of the guys were science-math types. That combination offered me the best odds
9 \/ b) T2 b' z) W+ y* }, if you know what I mean. This is where I learned the sad lesson that improvi 7 m A4 ~9 I: @# t: g e' N0 ?; [& a; M: I
ng your odds doesn't guarantee success. ( v4 _) S# Y: ?. E
) T% [2 o4 | \8 D' X! R: |Radcliffe是个过日子的好地方。那里的女生比男生多,而且大多数男生都是理工科的。这 : O( W5 q) G! x
种状况为我创造了最好的机会,如果你们明白我的意思。可惜的是,我正是在这里学到了
% n: {# s) a" X& R# E) r% Q5 F人生中悲伤的一课:机会大,并不等于你就会成功。
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One of my biggest memories of Harvard came in January 1975, when I made a call
% G1 v% P5 B: }" Y8 [5 q6 W, ~" kfrom Currier House to a company in Albuquerque that had begun making the worl
9 O; R) M: M8 G1 L9 M0 |' t+ td's first personal computers. I offered to sell them software.
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! X9 Y8 P0 H; Z: m) I: s我在哈佛最难忘的回忆之一,发生在1975年1月。那时,我从宿舍楼里给位于Albuquerque 1 L" f% r$ K! y+ n2 \8 R
的一家公司打了一个电话,那家公司已经在着手制造世界上第一台个人电脑。我提出想向
. |; M; U. b; L+ _) d, q' T2 M他们出售软件。 7 H' W+ [6 R$ B7 @* g
" E* g& M6 C6 L9 F# N4 g. |I worried that they would realize I was just a student in a dorm and hang up o ! j3 }* O7 p$ {3 E' U8 l
n me. Instead they said: "We're not quite ready, come see us in a month," whic " H6 A2 I0 h3 L1 C
h was a good thing, because we hadn't written the software yet. From that mome : s R, J7 F& O! a2 h t
nt, I worked day and night on this little extra credit project that marked the
8 R, Z3 l, |, O8 `6 `end of my college education and the beginning of a remarkable journey with Mi 6 O5 y$ A' F/ R3 {$ \1 W
crosoft.
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我很担心,他们会发觉我是一个住在宿舍的学生,从而挂断电话。但是他们却说:“我们
9 _' V7 F3 `. M+ c! r/ Y还没准备好,一个月后你再来找我们吧。”这是个好消息,因为那时软件还根本没有写出 4 K5 X) h; f. `' r
来呢。就是从那个时候起,我日以继夜地在这个小小的课外项目上工作,这导致了我学生 : ?; k4 ~/ ~1 U$ M1 D$ j
生活的结束,以及通往微软公司的不平凡的旅程的开始。
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; k: U) `2 a, J' [& G: pWhat I remember above all about Harvard was being in the midst of so much ener
+ X6 E) s+ Z9 O! T' _- Ugy and intelligence. It could be exhilarating, intimidating, sometimes even di 7 ~3 L# f: b `, Q& }
scouraging, but always challenging. It was an amazing privilege – and though U3 a. ^: w: }2 l
I left early, I was transformed by my years at Harvard, the friendships I made
/ P9 x, W7 P% M6 a3 s, and the ideas I worked on.
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不管怎样,我对哈佛的回忆主要都与充沛的精力和智力活动有关。哈佛的生活令人愉快, 4 T/ g- F0 k' B+ V
也令人感到有压力,有时甚至会感到泄气,但永远充满了挑战性。生活在哈佛是一种吸引 ( P( J: Z) V4 U$ H: l
人的特殊待遇……虽然我离开得比较早,但是我在这里的经历、在这里结识的朋友、在这 ; Z4 P9 w* n' e- ~5 W( K2 G2 {
里发展起来的一些想法,永远地改变了我。 9 H! I* z. v+ T: s+ q* c% }( V+ e
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But taking a serious look back … I do have one big regret. + G" r6 N8 k8 t8 o2 k
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但是,如果现在严肃地回忆起来,我确实有一个真正的遗憾。
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I left Harvard with no real awareness of the awful inequities in the world –
8 |: Q8 z! h1 {# hthe appalling disparities of health, and wealth, and opportunity that condemn
. R$ K8 i% y- q" n6 Gmillions of people to lives of despair.
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我离开哈佛的时候,根本没有意识到这个世界是多么的不平等。人类在健康、财富和机遇 ( F# U, b7 d6 D+ V( A
上的不平等大得可怕,它们使得无数的人们被迫生活在绝望之中。
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0 x2 O7 a# K% |: J% n7 LI learned a lot here at Harvard about new ideas in economics and politics. I g
' y: S! [6 A y+ m+ b6 U2 q0 m; `ot great exposure to the advances being made in the sciences. $ v/ @$ m; [2 _
4 k/ p' u' U0 V. W( g1 _5 G我在哈佛学到了很多经济学和政治学的新思想。我也了解了很多科学上的新进展。
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But humanity's greatest advances are not in its discoveries – but in how thos
! @( w- W8 s& x( ge discoveries are applied to reduce inequity. Whether through democracy, stron " \) T7 k% A1 [# p9 L1 ?
g public education, quality health care, or broad economic opportunity – redu
4 q/ _8 Y4 G# N1 U: t/ q3 \! ]cing inequity is the highest human achievement.
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但是,人类最大的进步并不来自于这些发现,而是来自于那些有助于减少人类不平等的发 5 x9 t: `3 R& q; n
现。不管通过何种手段——民主制度、健全的公共教育体系、高质量的医疗保健、还是广
2 p1 L+ C, ]- Z' }( p7 R" }$ V) ?泛的经济机会——减少不平等始终是人类最大的成就。
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/ u' l: N; f5 B! h4 a3 rI left campus knowing little about the millions of young people cheated out of " O% e7 A# ~& M* I
educational opportunities here in this country. And I knew nothing about the
$ p. G/ T8 u2 C( E. z& ` I3 \millions of people living in unspeakable poverty and disease in developing cou , u; _7 ~' w1 ~+ B
ntries.
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我离开校园的时候,根本不知道在这个国家里,有几百万的年轻人无法获得接受教育的机 / d# u: b% J3 W0 M
会。我也不知道,发展中国家里有无数的人们生活在无法形容的贫穷和疾病之中。 ' |3 D, o: Q7 ^0 `
! B9 x6 G. S# n s5 O+ gIt took me decades to find out. , A9 H! M- j2 a
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我花了几十年才明白了这些事情。 X& Q: o- r, l1 d( }
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You graduates came to Harvard at a different time. You know more about the wor
' t% f' e! D' W/ R: r) zld's inequities than the classes that came before. In your years here, I hope
5 X6 c" }5 u: ` Oyou've had a chance to think about how – in this age of accelerating technolo . C1 Z- Z9 z- v# r0 O) t* @
gy – we can finally take on these inequities, and we can solve them.
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在座的各位同学,你们是在与我不同的时代来到哈佛的。你们比以前的学生,更多地了解
7 Z& S0 t I# C+ e& Y# n/ q8 x# l世界是怎样的不平等。在你们的哈佛求学过程中,我希望你们已经思考过一个问题,那就
5 D6 @; T0 R. y I7 D, u是在这个新技术加速发展的时代,我们怎样最终应对这种不平等,以及我们怎样来解决这
3 X% I) |4 L2 E) B4 T个问题。 7 H4 l- K1 T# R+ K( f" u! b+ q I. T# e
) e+ h0 j8 t% t: eImagine, just for the sake of discussion, that you had a few hours a week and 6 m( B; O! z- W8 ^& E' [8 }
a few dollars a month to donate to a cause – and you wanted to spend that tim
) w8 S) c" l; Q @* N/ xe and money where it would have the greatest impact in saving and improving li
3 P! K2 s- d. C+ v% r( G$ t: pves. Where would you spend it?
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; g& H; ^& o/ e/ n; ?' L为了讨论的方便,请想象一下,假如你每个星期可以捐献一些时间、每个月可以捐献一些
* Z/ l' q; l: C- E6 A钱——你希望这些时间和金钱,可以用到对拯救生命和改善人类生活有最大作用的地方。 , m$ X( }; F4 j4 C
你会选择什么地方?
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For Melinda and for me, the challenge is the same: how can we do the most good # ~& z" F; p3 B/ T
for the greatest number with the resources we have.
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( Z7 W! G6 `$ m* a# p对Melinda(注:盖茨的妻子)和我来说,这也是我们面临的问题:我们如何能将我们拥有
+ `3 B# P4 r, ?: B1 i的资源发挥出最大的作用。 6 k A: w$ n$ `5 k' z) m
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During our discussions on this question, Melinda and I read an article about t " v; [3 J6 ^+ L4 z1 s
he millions of children who were dying every year in poor countries from disea
4 l5 @% R$ Q. m; l O- B: Yses that we had long ago made harmless in this country. Measles, malaria, pneu
, t/ |$ |5 d9 B4 Q1 `monia, hepatitis B, yellow fever. One disease I had never even heard of, rotav ; C. R# `: r3 O) E4 v- w/ V
irus, was killing half a million kids each year – none of them in the United $ [' ]' ?3 R( S
States.
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在讨论过程中,Melinda和我读到了一篇文章,里面说在那些贫穷的国家,每年有数百万的
: Q; Q+ s6 M! M0 K) \儿童死于那些在美国早已不成问题的疾病。麻疹、疟疾、肺炎、乙型肝炎、黄热病、还有
" x$ E5 t* M- N4 c; u+ W7 P$ g6 ]一种以前我从未听说过的轮状病毒,这些疾病每年导致50万儿童死亡,但是在美国一例死
! o# z! z; g/ k/ ]% y- E亡病例也没有。
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. n# c, a; u4 |1 c! gWe were shocked. We had just assumed that if millions of children were dying a
( k. ?, q% K! _ F; J4 Bnd they could be saved, the world would make it a priority to discover and del
, _0 B( V2 J4 P; {: p# hiver the medicines to save them. But it did not. For under a dollar, there wer
$ I/ G# O4 o7 P7 Ve interventions that could save lives that just weren't being delivered.
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我们被震惊了。我们想,如果几百万儿童正在死亡线上挣扎,而且他们是可以被挽救的, # J9 {5 ~. Q" N/ G& Y; H
那么世界理应将用药物拯救他们作为头等大事。但是事实并非如此。那些价格还不到一美 7 W" Q9 u" F1 d
元的救命的药剂,并没有送到他们的手中。
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If you believe that every life has equal value, it's revolting to learn that s ! J3 C; F+ C/ C) F5 b9 c: O
ome lives are seen as worth saving and others are not. We said to ourselves: " * l3 `8 ^3 z4 U8 R
This can't be true. But if it is true, it deserves to be the priority of our g . h% T, a$ N. E; c
iving." p' d5 I% \+ ^; c9 p7 f
) g1 C, n8 e9 D! M2 `/ P6 Y, ]6 _如果你相信每个生命都是平等的,那么当你发现某些生命被挽救了,而另一些生命被放弃
6 H. w# f) w; g+ @7 ]: Y. F5 a9 P了,你会感到无法接受。我们对自己说:“事情不可能如此。如果这是真的,那么它理应
" K( T2 O" H# Q6 g$ |+ o5 I' V是我们努力的头等大事。” 0 V" `3 F& I* f" ]2 {& [5 P
3 v7 |9 T3 u) G9 jSo we began our work in the same way anyone here would begin it. We asked: "Ho
$ _+ _6 ~$ M3 R) M8 gw could the world let these children die?" & @6 k$ u" n. `- b
2 J' r* j8 }4 {所以,我们用任何人都会想到的方式开始工作。我们问:“这个世界怎么可以眼睁睁看着 $ Z6 s: X# e) d/ n. b
这些孩子死去?”
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The answer is simple, and harsh. The market did not reward saving the lives of
7 }, `% I, Z# x/ Q cthese children, and governments did not subsidize it. So the children died be
7 S$ M% S* Y4 Z3 S# i; d. |3 {cause their mothers and their fathers had no power in the market and no voice ) B) U6 i* j+ o" e( \! v
in the system.
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% t# S6 Q' u$ G# e答案很简单,也很令人难堪。在市场经济中,拯救儿童是一项没有利润的工作,政府也不
6 @) {6 \' _' S$ L- I9 T会提供补助。这些儿童之所以会死亡,是因为他们的父母在经济上没有实力,在政治上没
) A( e. y3 M0 u: C" I' j% I有能力发出声音。 ! a4 B" P; ~/ t, A; p4 _
' g, C& N+ a- a8 d tBut you and I have both.
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3 _" o9 B7 a( |5 L但是,你们和我在经济上有实力,在政治上能够发出声音。 ) p0 G, E4 P; @9 p) q* f
2 K: j: h7 {$ Y. k1 MWe can make market forces work better for the poor if we can develop a more cr
5 M8 X, e A' @- G& q: Leative capitalism – if we can stretch the reach of market forces so that more B3 i6 f" g( i0 x) j, I
people can make a profit, or at least make a living, serving people who are s
$ O$ v- Z% `1 j% ^6 b! ^8 Cuffering from the worst inequities. We also can press governments around the w 6 ^# n- C, P" G/ b) }; F
orld to spend taxpayer money in ways that better reflect the values of the peo
% B d, ~; q! P" \" Xple who pay the taxes.
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, N$ a E+ k3 w- v4 K- ?( [& v我们可以让市场更好地为穷人服务,如果我们能够设计出一种更有创新性的资本主义制度
9 G. M1 `/ s( P" @ r; l7 l9 d——如果我们可以改变市场,让更多的人可以获得利润,或者至少可以维持生活——那么
, a) f5 G- l$ x& K,这就可以帮到那些正在极端不平等的状况中受苦的人们。我们还可以向全世界的政府施
3 [* |* u% A0 V$ v压,要求他们将纳税人的钱,花到更符合纳税人价值观的地方。 2 j2 u6 A7 P, ^% ?! c
$ T7 v# c5 c: z4 t. y8 b& vIf we can find approaches that meet the needs of the poor in ways that generat
; E6 k8 l/ c3 O0 p+ o7 N$ ye profits for business and votes for politicians, we will have found a sustain
. r6 |. q1 q& S5 R4 Sable way to reduce inequity in the world. This task is open-ended. It can neve 0 h2 }* x/ n* Q; B1 Z
r be finished. But a conscious effort to answer this challenge will change the
9 j, U3 {. m! ^8 G2 I, sworld.
5 h/ D2 ]8 j8 @+ X4 P4 `; t1 Y
5 `; X! q8 u$ F. I. K# F' ~如果我们能够找到这样一种方法,既可以帮到穷人,又可以为商人带来利润,为政治家带
$ V( e& R* w6 S5 B. J7 W' q9 u. r来选票,那么我们就找到了一种减少世界性不平等的可持续的发展道路。这个任务是无限
9 r. y5 T" r, w t2 k% C的。它不可能被完全完成,但是任何自觉地解决这个问题的尝试,都将会改变这个世界。
- |1 H! \& g8 ]& v+ w W" T9 ?. _9 I5 w2 L/ ]' G# w
# l1 m& s" }9 N9 ?% {. XI am optimistic that we can do this, but I talk to skeptics who claim there is ! L2 n' u/ t9 `2 F# U& C
no hope. They say: "Inequity has been with us since the beginning, and will b 1 V1 _ o( [2 e$ _( I" B3 c8 h/ ?6 o! H
e with us till the end – because people just … don't … care." I completely 9 }% U' E2 {& g! q+ `6 O
disagree. , K; S1 @& ^: D _' u! I( Z
' |7 A3 r/ ?. B5 c4 F) p
在这个问题上,我是乐观的。但是,我也遇到过那些感到绝望的怀疑主义者。他们说:“
1 S& q" `# l: \不平等从人类诞生的第一天就存在,到人类灭亡的最后一天也将存在。——因为人类对这 + U* B4 I% K# n8 N
个问题根本不在乎。”我完全不能同意这种观点。 ; l( s5 x F2 W/ d; b/ C
]6 I; A& T2 ^I believe we have more caring than we know what to do with. 3 W1 G+ j& Q6 m8 w6 Y5 A# E3 ?/ a
2 f8 N. _! J2 A7 q! u/ ^我相信,问题不是我们不在乎,而是我们不知道怎么做。
* l) F1 p; t5 {7 m" F) M* L" [& u& h
All of us here in this Yard, at one time or another, have seen human tragedies - ~: f8 I7 _& m
that broke our hearts, and yet we did nothing – not because we didn't care, ! J" G0 z0 Z; _8 }9 P" k
but because we didn't know what to do. If we had known how to help, we would h ' l3 C& f4 C; j" X
ave acted. ( M0 l+ q, T0 |
; Z3 X% H; K ?( F- M此刻在这个院子里的所有人,生命中总有这样或那样的时刻,目睹人类的悲剧,感到万分 * Z" q, z" S1 W( D s) h
伤心。但是我们什么也没做,并非我们无动于衷,而是因为我们不知道做什么和怎么做。
: H, H3 x( U4 }- Y5 j' m: K, K如果我们知道如何做是有效的,那么我们就会采取行动。 5 t9 J' N$ N- r; d
# {/ ^0 c |, |2 U% d( @6 yThe barrier to change is not too little caring; it is too much complexity. K( M0 R% x' m5 J _
% c+ w, s4 N5 H' O0 X/ \+ ~改变世界的阻碍,并非人类的冷漠,而是世界实在太复杂。 9 Q! L) G A6 q8 `
C" ]3 \- ~# [# U$ t0 CTo turn caring into action, we need to see a problem, see a solution, and see ( g: u" S+ k% K8 m
the impact. But complexity blocks all three steps.
% x7 K" ?: [7 }5 L S/ I+ _/ O
' `8 l, k: e$ `: ? e) p为了将关心转变为行动,我们需要找到问题,发现解决办法的方法,评估后果。但是世界 + a+ j' u, D: l: H" j& y0 Y* C
的复杂性使得所有这些步骤都难于做到。
% s" c9 J, x5 I* |8 F( ~$ D' m
( B2 k) K; N3 u7 |Even with the advent of the Internet and 24-hour news, it is still a complex e 7 Y( ^, D$ U; f4 |& T1 i% I1 ^
nterprise to get people to truly see the problems. When an airplane crashes, o : K$ D4 L6 M/ W# ]3 ~$ Y' r* f
fficials immediately call a press conference. They promise to investigate, det
) j1 z. [4 o( A1 A9 Aermine the cause, and prevent similar crashes in the future.
* J! O: I4 F# S3 `; U$ }
4 ~ Y; d8 u8 L; N即使有了互联网和24小时直播的新闻台,让人们真正发现问题所在,仍然十分困难。当一
1 s4 F1 p' i+ R0 @. h架飞机坠毁了,官员们会立刻召开新闻发布会,他们承诺进行调查、找到原因、防止将来
- X/ ^% o* g. T+ I2 m再次发生类似事故。
$ y- H$ N3 d% C9 ?* l8 m& N4 c* y, v; V7 A
But if the officials were brutally honest, they would say: "Of all the people
- A2 i! C+ n1 W; ~6 p* ~in the world who died today from preventable causes, one half of one percent o
( _) L) ~% @" t& n$ i, vf them were on this plane. We're determined to do everything possible to solve w$ ^' ~ @. y
the problem that took the lives of the one half of one percent."
' D6 k. M0 {6 B# Q/ e
8 i' B) F& i* N6 i$ D3 A8 F h但是如果那些官员敢说真话,他们就会说:“在今天这一天,全世界所有可以避免的死亡 8 C7 E3 l/ P$ ? }9 \
之中,只有0.5%的死者来自于这次空难。我们决心尽一切努力,调查这个0.5%的死亡原因
7 ^# i# C. H; \. K0 u。”
3 \8 I. C+ x' k1 ~. I
# l/ }% G# _ R, MThe bigger problem is not the plane crash, but the millions of preventable dea
) g5 o) O$ p+ ]8 Yths.
# @0 P' v- w5 T0 j. y7 U2 ^; u+ {% T4 I7 X
显然,更重要的问题不是这次空难,而是其他几百万可以预防的死亡事件。 5 o# N2 I% M! A3 L' S
5 p. a4 _; \% z
We don't read much about these deaths. The media covers what's new – and mill
8 ?4 q6 X- v, ?% V+ ^; W7 g& [ions of people dying is nothing new. So it stays in the background, where it's
! B0 @6 j# ?2 ]: Veasier to ignore. But even when we do see it or read about it, it's difficult
- V( k. y+ s( x$ [4 qto keep our eyes on the problem. It's hard to look at suffering if the situat 5 ^0 o/ q* ]$ l' B" A
ion is so complex that we don't know how to help. And so we look away. + z. `2 E" o# [+ x7 Z( @
0 R& c5 J" n) o5 C8 r
我们并没有很多机会了解那些死亡事件。媒体总是报告新闻,几百万人将要死去并非新闻
6 \! r+ B ^0 k" X。如果没有人报道,那么这些事件就很容易被忽视。另一方面,即使我们确实目睹了事件 : d, I& u. L% l! v3 @% L
本身或者看到了相关报道,我们也很难持续关注这些事件。看着他人受苦是令人痛苦的, - p6 f+ X" g: [- J f% ]0 {
何况问题又如此复杂,我们根本不知道如何去帮助他人。所以我们会将脸转过去。
) O4 s: d1 w4 e* m. _
8 s6 b# U+ R5 i- k& C! HIf we can really see a problem, which is the first step, we come to the second 4 [; [, B7 u6 l$ z- r @; k, B; W
step: cutting through the complexity to find a solution. 3 Y* G5 n+ k1 K2 r) g/ P# I
$ p8 N; [5 v+ w5 P; B7 v
就算我们真正发现了问题所在,也不过是迈出了第一步,接着还有第二步:那就是从复杂
! K" C" F8 l5 w, {的事件中找到解决办法。 5 d+ S% x; X% m9 N: h5 _5 Y
8 z- @, k9 p$ o) y
Finding solutions is essential if we want to make the most of our caring. If w
% K/ _; p+ y1 M( o% w% Ve have clear and proven answers anytime an organization or individual asks "Ho
& i; p' L, [0 P/ o$ g( a/ t9 x% Rw can I help?," then we can get action – and we can make sure that none of th
2 ]6 |% s F6 p% i% [$ b( Z' Ze caring in the world is wasted. But complexity makes it hard to mark a path o ; `( B* k( C# q. @' f
f action for everyone who cares — and that makes it hard for their caring to
7 ]' J' `" o/ q! D3 I, cmatter. 8 ?! }1 f- x! ]
* V: B" d# v8 K- k8 W2 q3 _如果我们要让关心落到实处,我们就必须找到解决办法。如果我们有一个清晰的和可靠的 & O' w6 r; W1 }3 P: j
答案,那么当任何组织和个人发出疑问“如何我能提供帮助”的时候,我们就能采取行动 J' ^0 e+ S6 ^
。我们就能够保证不浪费一丁点全世界人类对他人的关心。但是,世界的复杂性使得很难 4 z. q5 w! K, @) K: p5 a5 p/ Q/ n- l
找到对全世界每一个有爱心的人都有效的行动方法,因此人类对他人的关心往往很难产生 7 z: Q j( G5 x$ u+ Z
实际效果。
2 p$ w9 p* l& k4 r! a. D: a. k
- H3 i6 `/ e7 n6 B, dCutting through complexity to find a solution runs through four predictable st
& D9 {8 B! z, V) K6 B. Z% _ages: determine a goal, find the highest-leverage approach, discover the ideal ( K, B" W1 z- Y% Z) E
technology for that approach, and in the meantime, make the smartest applicat % z6 \/ [0 F* I3 u2 m3 f# o
ion of the technology that you already have — whether it's something sophisti * U0 _( {* D# [1 G/ u
cated, like a drug, or something simpler, like a bednet.
9 C2 ?& k' O5 p% W/ P; |( G4 s8 A
0 K. @4 b/ M3 a& n从这个复杂的世界中找到解决办法,可以分为四个步骤:确定目标,找到最高效的方法,
$ v9 o8 y9 [7 f9 |0 N) m发现适用于这个方法的新技术,同时最聪明地利用现有的技术,不管它是复杂的药物,还
4 J+ e$ z, k: _是最简单的蚊帐。 ) v; G2 t7 \* T! M1 a# x% d
2 N2 O/ q8 v6 `3 _( NThe AIDS epidemic offers an example. The broad goal, of course, is to end the 9 a: h% m( g' L) j. {/ b# {/ f
disease. The highest-leverage approach is prevention. The ideal technology wou
8 |$ ^, k, _( jld be a vaccine that gives lifetime immunity with a single dose. So government
; s4 G# T2 a/ d: N' s- G. ]$ ws, drug companies, and foundations fund vaccine research. But their work is li
' l, m/ ]6 M1 L( r# Nkely to take more than a decade, so in the meantime, we have to work with what / W1 A- {" |) R: Z2 b1 a" x
we have in hand – and the best prevention approach we have now is getting pe
7 l. E2 X0 R# R) v$ ]- Y( gople to avoid risky behavior.
2 l& U4 A8 |5 J* {4 r* @, u4 k/ j9 e1 j" }
艾滋病就是一个例子。总的目标,毫无疑问是消灭这种疾病。最高效的方法是预防。最理
! d& j8 z+ ?) ?/ A想的技术是发明一种疫苗,只要注射一次,就可以终生免疫。所以,政府、制药公司、基 9 }& l' {; `+ _
金会应该资助疫苗研究。但是,这样研究工作很可能十年之内都无法完成。因此,与此同 3 h8 b: C2 U( b4 C5 I
时,我们必须使用现有的技术,目前最有效的预防方法就是设法让人们避免那些危险的行 5 l7 `9 j1 d0 n+ x5 \
为。
( r* \3 w0 R7 M, F" f
3 H; Q- W, }6 O/ t1 D! K$ [Pursuing that goal starts the four-step cycle again. This is the pattern. The
* I5 f" L6 y7 A" d+ E+ O4 Acrucial thing is to never stop thinking and working – and never do what we di
, g; I& X" E1 }( ud with malaria and tuberculosis in the 20th century – which is to surrender t 4 M5 y- s9 v$ z* e: h
o complexity and quit. ( h+ ?2 z' S8 S; h0 ~0 S
g/ _3 h1 X3 i, x4 f要实现这个新的目标,又可以采用新的四步循环。这是一种模式。关键的东西是永远不要 1 N9 {$ T1 V- f/ `4 L
停止思考和行动。我们千万不能再犯上个世纪在疟疾和肺结核上犯过的错误,那时我们因 $ S5 p; n* _2 P# g
为它们太复杂,而放弃了采取行动。 9 X, U& L+ |1 v) E+ U
6 [' c2 W* J& K6 i! n! Y3 `. X
The final step – after seeing the problem and finding an approach – is to me ! R) T/ V) B/ O K6 W9 O
asure the impact of your work and share your successes and failures so that ot " ~# @6 X6 t) V; O
hers learn from your efforts. J9 q- |$ K }
! M& h9 [: j: K1 j( A3 G3 D
在发现问题和找到解决方法之后,就是最后一步——评估工作结果,将你的成功经验或者
1 |, P: {& \; z2 V9 V0 D$ Z5 `0 Q: j4 f失败经验传播出去,这样其他人就可以从你的努力中有所收获。 & ^5 p! b H: U5 P, G
8 `1 r" Y& M1 ?- KYou have to have the statistics, of course. You have to be able to show that a : R- q3 ?& V( ^6 i! m) ~
program is vaccinating millions more children. You have to be able to show a
' r( R6 j: Y/ g# t* Ddecline in the number of children dying from these diseases. This is essential 5 r7 x q) d% q o
not just to improve the program, but also to help draw more investment from b
: J3 b, ?& _5 \; ]( Y5 kusiness and government.
- |2 e7 [% j0 W" u+ {' t( F' f- P% G/ `# T% K) ?* ~" u
当然,你必须有一些统计数字。你必须让他人知道,你的项目为几百万儿童新接种了疫苗
) ~) a* R; _# v! k) L( R。你也必须让他人知道,儿童死亡人数下降了多少。这些都是很关键的,不仅有利于改善
- n g7 H; e3 J8 F- P3 @. A/ i0 Q5 \项目效果,也有利于从商界和政府得到更多的帮助。 7 G! X/ k ~/ ^' `
( z% w* w2 [+ aBut if you want to inspire people to participate, you have to show more than n # K: I" w& s- h% J+ i8 |
umbers; you have to convey the human impact of the work – so people can feel
% d8 @. D$ H8 Iwhat saving a life means to the families affected. - m, L; m% B: O9 s$ @, d3 w5 S6 `
( X$ Y; k2 h8 v+ Z5 Y. N7 P
但是,这些还不够,如果你想激励其他人参加你的项目,你就必须拿出更多的统计数字;
5 I1 v0 ~7 Y! x6 ?! Y' I你必须展示你的项目的人性因素,这样其他人就会感到拯救一个生命,对那些处在困境中 : Y. F$ T, r! Q6 A/ M
的家庭到底意味着什么。
8 d1 J7 y2 H& h( {2 L% w \
4 R/ z" q" h" ] mI remember going to Davos some years back and sitting on a global health panel 3 b1 \; M' `: k6 c" ]
that was discussing ways to save millions of lives. Millions! Think of the th
' ^( T4 S4 a: q. u6 Vrill of saving just one person's life – then multiply that by millions. … Ye 8 V0 p, I3 n# ]3 M
t this was the most boring panel I've ever been on – ever. So boring even I c
! R- [4 `% E( K+ uouldn't bear it.
5 q( S) R ?5 T8 ]6 ]! d" @7 Y! J8 A1 K+ Z! H
几年前,我去瑞士达沃斯旁听一个全球健康问题论坛,会议的内容有关于如何拯救几百万 3 j8 m2 d2 f* L7 S4 {, \. ]1 D
条生命。天哪,是几百万!想一想吧,拯救一个人的生命已经让人何等激动,现在你要把
" g! _3 j; x! H* y# V这种激动再乘上几百万倍……但是,不幸的是,这是我参加过的最最乏味的论坛,乏味到 : E0 N* r7 B# z& a6 ^
我无法强迫自己听下去。 7 k5 v: ~) N7 N/ y ^ _
/ q8 Z" M1 K% e: D+ ?2 NWhat made that experience especially striking was that I had just come from an
! F, M( Q) j( ]8 q3 f8 u7 X: Bevent where we were introducing version 13 of some piece of software, and we
3 f; D; k8 f- ihad people jumping and shouting with excitement. I love getting people excited n7 G9 a. Z, m, v. ]
about software – but why can't we generate even more excitement for saving l A |/ p$ u, Y0 i% V/ N
ives? 6 n1 Q# L) c- P& P( Q
' N/ B; L7 f* \8 d' l* M1 A% ~那次经历之所以让我难忘,是因为之前我们刚刚发布了一个软件的第13个版本,我们让观 , R" t6 Y4 Y0 h s* |, ^# |/ V" y; v
众激动得跳了起来,喊出了声。我喜欢人们因为软件而感到激动,那么我们为什么不能够 / \. [2 q( i# A! ^# f
让人们因为能够拯救生命而感到更加激动呢?
; E4 A% T- B4 |* k1 b
& a3 {; T9 N7 f- G. _! r5 jYou can't get people excited unless you can help them see and feel the impact.
' P, z6 ?+ X: @# y* O% _( \" uAnd how you do that – is a complex question. ( n6 s# c @9 k" U- _
/ a6 \& B" V( L1 Y/ d除非你能够让人们看到或者感受到行动的影响力,否则你无法让人们激动。如何做到这一
$ E0 J0 G8 {+ C! f( Z7 e: M点,并不是一件简单的事。
$ U6 e/ z+ b1 ~ X" {: L" R" s q2 h) x$ b0 k
Still, I'm optimistic. Yes, inequity has been with us forever, but the new too ; D' _4 X9 `2 D/ j& _
ls we have to cut through complexity have not been with us forever. They are n
8 S. I, d8 s0 Q7 Wew – they can help us make the most of our caring – and that's why the futur # `1 s5 ]* v* r
e can be different from the past. * S* R0 K- j* ~+ X' q
/ g# T% @" ]9 H \) W6 s
同前面一样,在这个问题上,我依然是乐观的。不错,人类的不平等有史以来一直存在,
/ S+ A- R; h0 I3 p+ |" ]! L但是那些能够化繁为简的新工具,却是最近才出现的。这些新工具可以帮助我们,将人类 * n! Y- z1 s. U
的同情心发挥最大的作用,这就是为什么将来同过去是不一样的。
: M, Z' U6 G# L0 y% M7 @/ z: [5 u0 j9 Y) Z
The defining and ongoing innovations of this age – biotechnology, the compute ) w) t" k) d2 \$ L) e0 E
r, the Internet – give us a chance we've never had before to end extreme pove
& W3 H( U8 S# Q2 i1 O3 O7 h. Srty and end death from preventable disease.
3 E8 E% @! d0 e) r' Z' H) ]; W5 _" b# ]1 F+ {/ k' Q; j- C5 h
这个时代无时无刻不在涌现出新的革新——生物技术,计算机,互联网——它们给了我们
0 w S9 ?- ]+ Y5 p9 N* r$ V: F6 t一个从未有过的机会,去终结那些极端的贫穷和非恶性疾病的死亡。
6 d8 r v' L- Z/ ]5 o: S9 X% U5 m
7 ]. \' ?0 F# V. V+ e- |Sixty years ago, George Marshall came to this commencement and announced a pla
6 l2 o1 C8 I- D! b" Ln to assist the nations of post-war Europe. He said: "I think one difficulty i + Z9 F/ D7 d( ]/ V
s that the problem is one of such enormous complexity that the very mass of fa
0 P' B l8 W8 Y; ]' g7 x! ?6 hcts presented to the public by press and radio make it exceedingly difficult f
8 T* U# j+ T9 ^0 E% l+ Hor the man in the street to reach a clear appraisement of the situation. It is ) o. {8 N. X6 B* T2 y: W9 J
virtually impossible at this distance to grasp at all the real significance o 3 _7 l+ `6 t. {1 U
f the situation."
4 Z* H9 z9 L4 _( @0 i1 c3 E8 [" G. f' ^. x! r7 \+ N) _% R; |
六十年前,乔治·马歇尔也是在这个地方的毕业典礼上,宣布了一个计划,帮助那些欧洲
3 c5 `1 t9 u# C" o# a4 h5 Z国家的战后建设。他说:“我认为,困难的一点是这个问题太复杂,报纸和电台向公众源 " S+ N, m y7 Y' I& y3 X$ R
源不断地提供各种事实,使得大街上的普通人极端难于清晰地判断形势。事实上,经过层
% n% f. V" ], |层传播,想要真正地把握形势,是根本不可能的。”
# r y; t, g) X$ Y6 c
, L3 }2 O9 H9 j! T/ R* |Thirty years after Marshall made his address, as my class graduated without me 6 ?. L7 {* H f; A$ W; z
, technology was emerging that would make the world smaller, more open, more v
/ z) }3 \2 F; q9 Yisible, less distant. 2 I) w6 R+ h7 l# X2 J) F
9 u# d7 H( X# ^
马歇尔发表这个演讲之后的三十年,我那一届学生毕业,当然我不在其中。那时,新技术
/ B4 V. g" M# q3 x- }刚刚开始萌芽,它们将使得这个世界变得更小、更开放、更容易看到、距离更近。
* O$ D, o/ |2 U2 s1 K
7 r4 d$ y7 T9 H( r8 R4 jThe emergence of low-cost personal computers gave rise to a powerful network t
7 E1 d: v1 I6 r; W8 W4 Q7 i5 lhat has transformed opportunities for learning and communicating.
5 R* v1 S% }$ ]5 p5 Q! j& Q* Q) p; n6 ?! z' T# d1 G8 M
低成本的个人电脑的出现,使得一个强大的互联网有机会诞生,它为学习和交流提供了巨 ( W5 S2 I d0 G* e0 X5 ?
大的机会。 & I& h; I R* J/ L( S0 ^. b
$ b9 v% \3 t l5 V% O$ e4 kThe magical thing about this network is not just that it collapses distance an 1 I& F& \) C7 n# G6 d2 L
d makes everyone your neighbor. It also dramatically increases the number of b * P6 S2 B3 }( B$ N" q$ p
rilliant minds we can have working together on the same problem – and that sc
, \# n' F$ ]! h( qales up the rate of innovation to a staggering degree. " M: h3 E E3 `+ O* c0 F
$ @6 e# b; u' ^4 s7 O网络的神奇之处,不仅仅是它缩短了物理距离,使得天涯若比邻。它还极大地增加了怀有
4 J% k4 x& y/ i) w' U7 u共同想法的人们聚集在一起的机会,我们可以为了解决同一个问题,一起共同工作。这就
* Q4 n2 E+ Q9 Z" w" D大大加快了革新的进程,发展速度简直快得让人震惊。
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At the same time, for every person in the world who has access to this technol 2 m& z3 ]+ P8 o$ X1 ^
ogy, five people don't. That means many creative minds are left out of this di
7 t( D7 B* G0 R, _- Y* sscussion -- smart people with practical intelligence and relevant experience w 4 P0 e+ ^! C# I9 e( M
ho don't have the technology to hone their talents or contribute their ideas t
0 S2 Y2 ^$ A6 q6 s/ x! Q* E# no the world.
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8 d9 d0 {- H+ ]与此同时,世界上有条件上网的人,只是全部人口的六分之一。这意味着,还有许多具有 & `" ~2 W# k; I7 p
创造性的人们,没有加入到我们的讨论中来。那些有着实际的操作经验和相关经历的聪明
3 ]5 s4 Z* f0 t: ?0 Q人,却没有技术来帮助他们,将他们的天赋或者想法与全世界分享。 & {" Q* j1 }+ n
! D s' ~! O2 E7 |: U! dWe need as many people as possible to have access to this technology, because . p3 n0 P& H* B6 s2 `
these advances are triggering a revolution in what human beings can do for one ( f# s# b$ u# t2 e$ i- O$ G3 y
another. They are making it possible not just for national governments, but f
' H, L! s8 X7 e6 x3 ^( bor universities, corporations, smaller organizations, and even individuals to . Q, H& i X8 _3 i! N
see problems, see approaches, and measure the impact of their efforts to addre 5 ^4 U, G$ ~: H P; i
ss the hunger, poverty, and desperation George Marshall spoke of 60 years ago. % c. [3 n: G, v' R& y: e
1 i" I1 q9 k9 u
7 U' S! v5 E U& S' }- d我们需要尽可能地让更多的人有机会使用新技术,因为这些新技术正在引发一场革命,人 : t/ o# b( G/ t2 b
类将因此可以互相帮助。新技术正在创造一种可能,不仅是政府,还包括大学、公司、小
+ t$ Y+ u4 h' p7 k机构、甚至个人,能够发现问题所在、能够找到解决办法、能够评估他们努力的效果,去
- X! y$ x, A; v9 {3 C% W改变那些马歇尔六十年前就说到过的问题——饥饿、贫穷和绝望。 : s+ D2 b- j- Y5 b0 B
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Members of the Harvard Family: Here in the Yard is one of the great collection j5 }& @ T% k
s of intellectual talent in the world.
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' l% Y! c, k4 a2 N0 }* j5 u: m哈佛是一个大家庭。这个院子里在场的人们,是全世界最有智力的人类群体之一。 & T. ]: m# R7 ^) w
) x+ J1 j+ F$ n: m- I" p L2 JWhat for? 9 o9 _" C2 t" u2 {: N4 q
' u- p6 ~& P& k% k" D8 i我们可以做些什么? 3 K6 m* V+ k: Z* Y1 ~0 q6 A/ X
* g' l5 M$ p2 u4 h7 u
There is no question that the faculty, the alumni, the students, and the benef 2 g: l7 O/ e: N0 F# A
actors of Harvard have used their power to improve the lives of people here an
+ u0 E; K8 o( Sd around the world. But can we do more? Can Harvard dedicate its intellect to
. h- r P4 i9 z, ?improving the lives of people who will never even hear its name? $ b! B' H& s1 z9 j
' H% \# k/ J3 D8 L; m* ?
毫无疑问,哈佛的老师、校友、学生和资助者,已经用他们的能力改善了全世界各地人们
/ Q( E, q5 a/ v0 K的生活。但是,我们还能够再做什么呢?有没有可能,哈佛的人们可以将他们的智慧,用 6 H1 D4 C R8 l. D3 L# T" l
来帮助那些甚至从来没有听到过“哈佛”这个名字的人? $ V0 g% \/ o9 k- A: V
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Let me make a request of the deans and the professors – the intellectual lead
9 Q" H% ]3 H; X+ \ y" e6 o$ Ners here at Harvard: As you hire new faculty, award tenure, review curriculum,
A5 _4 d& h* m" i3 Wand determine degree requirements, please ask yourselves: 6 m* t+ m' Q5 Z; |8 V/ [/ W
) F; J7 H- k9 W0 a5 \* E+ g1 U$ O6 r请允许我向各位院长和教授,提出一个请求——你们是哈佛的智力领袖,当你们雇用新的
7 {0 E1 y& L4 u( i5 d2 X老师、授予终身教职、评估课程、决定学位颁发标准的时候,请问你们自己如下的问题:
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* ^' U* X/ g, e4 \' I, {6 n6 x: P% o6 i, D, {" b2 s! I( @
Should our best minds be dedicated to solving our biggest problems? # r3 q/ Z1 |5 m
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我们最优秀的人才是否在致力于解决我们最大的问题? " v4 p8 q8 B" s
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Should Harvard encourage its faculty to take on the world's worst inequities?
1 L# R+ [/ } h9 \; eShould Harvard students learn about the depth of global poverty … the prevale 9 | \: A6 @! u: }& d, b
nce of world hunger … the scarcity of clean water …the girls kept out of sch
" _$ q! o# q0 y" A ]& Pool … the children who die from diseases we can cure?
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, ^2 N8 U! {. t2 U; o$ U' g3 `哈佛是否鼓励她的老师去研究解决世界上最严重的不平等?哈佛的学生是否从全球那些极
( V6 p3 k# g a: f端的贫穷中学到了什么……世界性的饥荒……清洁的水资源的缺乏……无法上学的女童…
9 I- v5 n8 i1 {5 u8 @% d6 |…死于非恶性疾病的儿童……哈佛的学生有没有从中学到东西? 8 ~! M1 Y3 F% ^* N1 t( h
: `- ] C, ?' W& _9 l4 zShould the world's most privileged people learn about the lives of the world's
2 K, c+ S, G( d M5 Fleast privileged? 4 J3 k U2 t' F% x0 H4 t
$ [4 w! |" V: i/ p: ^- {) Y# |" N那些世界上过着最优越生活的人们,有没有从那些最困难的人们身上学到东西? & x/ H' m; ?* X7 s; a
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These are not rhetorical questions – you will answer with your policies.
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这些问题并非语言上的修辞。你必须用自己的行动来回答它们。 2 O3 R7 t% M$ m+ l( W
; F5 f# F) K4 ?My mother, who was filled with pride the day I was admitted here – never stop 4 s' C# @3 Q. _/ h! c9 X
ped pressing me to do more for others. A few days before my wedding, she hoste
8 @, V4 {7 R% fd a bridal event, at which she read aloud a letter about marriage that she had ( A8 w/ d1 E% j
written to Melinda. My mother was very ill with cancer at the time, but she s
7 C9 u. Z u2 Kaw one more opportunity to deliver her message, and at the close of the letter , @5 a; |" c" k/ |; Z# K
she said: "From those to whom much is given, much is expected."
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7 [7 s2 [2 i$ [* y' D9 `我的母亲在我被哈佛大学录取的那一天,曾经感到非常骄傲。她从没有停止督促我,去为
f5 ? b; a' p: }% F# b他人做更多的事情。在我结婚的前几天,她主持了一个新娘进我家的仪式。在这个仪式上
2 g7 W# A' V i3 m,她高声朗读了一封关于婚姻的信,这是她写给Melinda的。那时,我的母亲已经因为癌症
* j1 Y" K/ r5 m病入膏肓,但是她还是认为这是又一个传播她的信念的机会。在那封信的结尾,她写道:
6 H5 B. K% ~) L5 |' Q* Z6 r“对于那些接受了许多帮助的人们,他们还在期待更多的帮助。你的能力越大,人们对你 9 C- z4 }" o) w4 ]( H
的期望也就越大。” 6 |0 R& V) k0 M: p% c* ^4 |
: s; L3 D2 f. a4 p1 `When you consider what those of us here in this Yard have been given – in tal ( N2 D1 {/ I2 c* S. L1 v
ent, privilege, and opportunity – there is almost no limit to what the world
?' O2 {+ b2 y6 Lhas a right to expect from us.
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- S- B) N+ e. d: O' x想一想吧,我们在这个院子里的这些人,被给予过什么——天赋、特权、机遇——那么可
$ ~2 ~+ C6 a$ R3 y! k以这样说,全世界的人们几乎有无限的权力,期待我们做出贡献。
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In line with the promise of this age, I want to exhort each of the graduates h
! @4 ^. p3 s. M6 xere to take on an issue – a complex problem, a deep inequity, and become a sp 0 K* B# Y+ Y1 j# B( q- e: V
ecialist on it. If you make it the focus of your career, that would be phenome
: O( L" T1 D( u, \& F5 P6 Inal. But you don't have to do that to make an impact. For a few hours every we
# _7 l# E Q" c" \! a1 D: v! dek, you can use the growing power of the Internet to get informed, find others 8 k& O+ B: E% e- V; }2 J+ O
with the same interests, see the barriers, and find ways to cut through them. + ^/ w1 Q* X; ?, N- r
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$ y* @5 I! ~# I5 C7 z! P
同这个时代的期望一样,我也要向今天各位毕业的同学提出一个忠告:你们要选择一个问 + T: H) J. `/ a0 z( b! T; V; c
题,一个复杂的问题,一个有关于人类深刻的不平等的问题,然后你们要变成这个问题的
- \0 Z8 e3 F+ I" l5 x专家。如果你们能够使得这个问题成为你们职业的核心,那么你们就会非常杰出。但是,
: Y( x, `$ u @" n: Q! }. g你们不必一定要去做那些大事。每个星期只用几个小时,你就可以通过互联网得到信息,
* p! C/ K' w9 u9 D7 I. ^& H+ v1 ~0 c找到志同道合的朋友,发现困难所在,找到解决它们的途径。 . u! D+ G( ?- s9 }
- u6 {0 @% W! X6 p% NDon't let complexity stop you. Be activists. Take on the big inequities. It wi
9 T1 Z2 S0 F# q/ g8 i9 _ll be one of the great experiences of your lives.
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5 D# C& w9 m% k1 K, s( j) b不要让这个世界的复杂性阻碍你前进。要成为一个行动主义者。将解决人类的不平等视为 * e$ G, K0 ]+ K" m" n! \
己任。它将成为你生命中最重要的经历之一。
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You graduates are coming of age in an amazing time. As you leave Harvard, you - Y I* @$ @5 M+ p3 g) w
have technology that members of my class never had. You have awareness of glob 7 J. @ Y& o# `3 e
al inequity, which we did not have. And with that awareness, you likely also h ; y d. v( i8 B" |5 V: A
ave an informed conscience that will torment you if you abandon these people w
/ ?& v' \! G) X those lives you could change with very little effort. You have more than we had 8 d3 r8 X6 K. K5 c$ {
; you must start sooner, and carry on longer. 8 Y# z; |* ~; r, G$ Z1 O9 \: ~+ w
. b+ I+ `& t7 p% m: i0 l在座的各位毕业的同学,你们所处的时代是一个神奇的时代。当你们离开哈佛的时候,你 6 Y# }! J8 ^3 ~: w/ ]( N) P9 d- q
们拥有的技术,是我们那一届学生所没有的。你们已经了解到了世界上的不平等,我们那
, H0 k6 @" ]3 K2 p' ]( R6 C7 h# E时还不知道这些。有了这样的了解之后,要是你再弃那些你可以帮助的人们于不顾,就将
& |6 M! e4 q8 o2 L ]受到良心的谴责,只需一点小小的努力,你就可以改变那些人们的生活。你们比我们拥有 4 M. q6 b8 D" Y, _+ x
更大的能力;你们必须尽早开始,尽可能长时期坚持下去。 ' b7 _5 W, x$ w8 T) W* d" ~
9 E5 p6 m, _; `; h ]1 ^
Knowing what you know, how could you not? ' M2 D7 C& v* `
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知道了你们所知道的一切,你们怎么可能不采取行动呢?
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; ^8 k' Q8 W: P) O6 ?, x @And I hope you will come back here to Harvard 30 years from now and reflect on # m- P+ G& W3 F2 a) X9 K" D; }4 W
what you have done with your talent and your energy. I hope you will judge yo
& ?$ e, D: U% w: @urselves not on your professional accomplishments alone, but also on how well
% {$ S( E4 P3 a9 W* `you have addressed the world's deepest inequities … on how well you treated p
7 Y. U0 ], G% y2 Q& m- }+ s. ~! Z, O$ }eople a world away who have nothing in common with you but their humanity.
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0 |. ]% x% l! w: A我希望,30年后你们还会再回到哈佛,想起你们用自己的天赋和能力所做出的一切。我希
' C, ?2 ~1 t) z* J望,在那个时候,你们用来评价自己的标准,不仅仅是你们的专业成就,而包括你们为改
- v$ U+ d' G- X( R/ S" Q变这个世界深刻的不平等所做出的努力,以及你们如何善待那些远隔千山万水、与你们毫 5 d5 C& _) n* w, s/ p1 K0 h
不涉及的人们,你们与他们唯一的共同点就是同为人类。 |
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