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2008-11-02 01:02:11 来自: lightpie(上次登录还是1.5年前.....)
& g/ Z$ |1 _0 O/ _6 L9 ^) v比尔·盖茨在哈佛大学毕业典礼上的演讲 ; N T9 n" X4 S+ r A
$ K) u" K5 N( d# i) R) z# O2007年6月7日
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* h; O' o8 C. n: K( H阮一峰 译
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President Bok, former President Rudenstine, incoming President Faust, members
7 u. k8 d x7 S# a4 {1 B2 sof the Harvard Corporation and the Board of Overseers, members of the faculty, 1 {% Q# `" E9 U' G
parents, and especially, the graduates: 6 g9 u( d0 b+ Q! O t
; y, ]; w: R- m' Y6 h3 [) I: ~尊敬的Bok校长，Rudenstine前校长，即将上任的Faust校长，哈佛集团的各位成员，监管 c4 R; c! S; w" N
理事会的各位理事，各位老师，各位家长，各位同学：
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I've been waiting more than 30 years to say this: "Dad, I always told you I'd , o3 [! `$ g+ M r, x: g( H
come back and get my degree."
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: X7 y: |, |) b! u8 V% v有一句话我等了三十年，现在终于可以说了：“老爸，我总是跟你说，我会回来拿到我的
# S# w6 K' m( a! c0 v7 ^学位的！”
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I want to thank Harvard for this timely honor. I'll be changing my job next ye . Z' `1 ]# m3 N; P# Y2 i- |8 l
ar … and it will be nice to finally have a college degree on my resume.
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" a- F. K5 Q8 a/ j$ u+ Z! B& F我要感谢哈佛大学在这个时候给我这个荣誉。明年，我就要换工作了（注：指从微软公司
7 ^- J f7 r# j( G7 b退休）……我终于可以在简历上写我有一个本科学位，这真是不错啊。 5 L, O5 [; f7 v# c a; s6 @$ s
t4 ]7 P! _/ ~( L0 Q- XI applaud the graduates today for taking a much more direct route to your degr 0 h; ?1 b# }# e" n0 s( y7 z
ees. For my part, I'm just happy that the Crimson has called me "Harvard's mos 9 n" h* {: Y' ^8 t
t successful dropout." I guess that makes me valedictorian of my own special c
* |4 s1 s5 M8 U9 ^ L3 r, \lass … I did the best of everyone who failed.
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我为今天在座的各位同学感到高兴，你们拿到学位可比我简单多了。哈佛的校报称我是“ : H) {7 O4 M; [" D5 p
哈佛大学历史上最成功的辍学生”。我想这大概使我有资格代表我这一类学生发言……在
; B% q. ^& X m9 \( @所有的失败者里，我做得最好。 ) B) K$ a& B+ J
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But I also want to be recognized as the guy who got Steve Ballmer to drop out
! T" W2 A& f" j$ l! M6 e: M8 V3 bof business school. I'm a bad influence. That's why I was invited to speak at
3 e* j3 g1 \! G5 c9 [3 wyour graduation. If I had spoken at your orientation, fewer of you might be he $ | p% |3 j" \* v
re today. ; u( ~+ f6 q- x
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但是，我还要提醒大家，我使得Steve Ballmer（注：微软总经理）也从哈佛商学院退学了
/ }7 p2 V# r& h( l) L6 V。因此，我是个有着恶劣影响力的人。这就是为什么我被邀请来在你们的毕业典礼上演讲 - C2 W! F( I6 A5 A# C4 ^
。如果我在你们入学欢迎仪式上演讲，那么能够坚持到今天在这里毕业的人也许会少得多
; A4 j# L* J' c0 O" D% w吧。 2 m* v5 g, f: K5 B- n% i
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Harvard was just a phenomenal experience for me. Academic life was fascinating
+ |* ]1 O& d& m# D K) M% G. I used to sit in on lots of classes I hadn't even signed up for. And dorm li
8 @; @+ x1 b* n; g: Wfe was terrific. I lived up at Radcliffe, in Currier House. There were always
; y0 w3 }9 b1 t, Z" P2 A2 alots of people in my dorm room late at night discussing things, because everyo
! i) G' x& [" y& Kne knew I didn't worry about getting up in the morning. That's how I came to b 9 v9 S' |+ d5 x% S
e the leader of the anti-social group. We clung to each other as a way of vali
f3 e& [) x) ~+ E) ydating our rejection of all those social people.
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对我来说，哈佛的求学经历是一段非凡的经历。校园生活很有趣，我常去旁听我没选修的
! x* g. W1 o! A, s, a0 }课。哈佛的课外生活也很棒，我在Radcliffe过着逍遥自在的日子。每天我的寝室里总有很
0 B! b x) W7 a( F多人一直待到半夜，讨论着各种事情。因为每个人都知道我从不考虑第二天早起。这使得
; h5 E: q3 S4 U我变成了校园里那些不安分学生的头头，我们互相粘在一起，做出一种拒绝所有正常学生
3 R( N. m4 F$ F# @! g4 j的姿态。
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Radcliffe was a great place to live. There were more women up there, and most
0 t# l: d" \0 A. `) pof the guys were science-math types. That combination offered me the best odds
, Y" v& Y4 R4 v# N, if you know what I mean. This is where I learned the sad lesson that improvi / Q- ]3 Z# j4 k+ K: ]- A
ng your odds doesn't guarantee success. : B+ E7 o' W! W3 w% J
& L* ~0 x4 }! M' u1 VRadcliffe是个过日子的好地方。那里的女生比男生多，而且大多数男生都是理工科的。这
+ e7 P t1 d; A) @) a$ e& A种状况为我创造了最好的机会，如果你们明白我的意思。可惜的是，我正是在这里学到了 # }3 H) t! R4 ^6 Y4 C
人生中悲伤的一课：机会大，并不等于你就会成功。
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: K& S) R9 }5 l0 h: s6 fOne of my biggest memories of Harvard came in January 1975, when I made a call " V/ M( p+ Z6 K5 f; M
from Currier House to a company in Albuquerque that had begun making the worl : O& O% |/ S- z" }3 i K
d's first personal computers. I offered to sell them software.
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6 l" B$ v6 ? n1 F我在哈佛最难忘的回忆之一，发生在1975年1月。那时，我从宿舍楼里给位于Albuquerque ( M# q) N [7 U: v
的一家公司打了一个电话，那家公司已经在着手制造世界上第一台个人电脑。我提出想向 & v. ^, y! D" d3 X6 V3 e% G1 W0 A
他们出售软件。
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I worried that they would realize I was just a student in a dorm and hang up o
1 B- p$ r: b3 R4 Mn me. Instead they said: "We're not quite ready, come see us in a month," whic " Z, s, Q+ A" y x5 {' k% s, `
h was a good thing, because we hadn't written the software yet. From that mome
1 F6 t5 W; _4 @; ]4 c, o' jnt, I worked day and night on this little extra credit project that marked the
. V/ f* W! j9 Gend of my college education and the beginning of a remarkable journey with Mi
; M" M9 ^6 |. T" C5 V8 Lcrosoft. 3 E! p' q9 ^: D7 C0 U. r
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我很担心，他们会发觉我是一个住在宿舍的学生，从而挂断电话。但是他们却说：“我们 K* _4 F, j8 ~1 u4 u$ @: A: X. Z
还没准备好，一个月后你再来找我们吧。”这是个好消息，因为那时软件还根本没有写出
6 f; ?! n p- | y/ O6 M2 ^6 K5 l9 S9 D来呢。就是从那个时候起，我日以继夜地在这个小小的课外项目上工作，这导致了我学生
4 s7 O5 J0 J W' t$ H/ N生活的结束，以及通往微软公司的不平凡的旅程的开始。 0 Y1 I9 w+ W; ]+ m7 O
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What I remember above all about Harvard was being in the midst of so much ener
) S1 j' v' h8 ]* P% @2 lgy and intelligence. It could be exhilarating, intimidating, sometimes even di
9 Z! O' I6 s' z5 Q* E% f; [' Tscouraging, but always challenging. It was an amazing privilege – and though $ L. F8 P+ B) }! Q$ J/ T
I left early, I was transformed by my years at Harvard, the friendships I made / C# o7 l, H6 A, z) ?4 O
, and the ideas I worked on.
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不管怎样，我对哈佛的回忆主要都与充沛的精力和智力活动有关。哈佛的生活令人愉快， 3 t; ^, s- M9 h1 s1 r) l2 x! {
也令人感到有压力，有时甚至会感到泄气，但永远充满了挑战性。生活在哈佛是一种吸引
7 Q- G* P) g+ a) p: }人的特殊待遇……虽然我离开得比较早，但是我在这里的经历、在这里结识的朋友、在这 & ]6 o( ^- `' a
里发展起来的一些想法，永远地改变了我。 5 Q" E4 O: C Z- E/ g. L D
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But taking a serious look back … I do have one big regret.
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但是，如果现在严肃地回忆起来，我确实有一个真正的遗憾。
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I left Harvard with no real awareness of the awful inequities in the world – 7 U( s- D, {: b$ a# o, U
the appalling disparities of health, and wealth, and opportunity that condemn 3 h, Q0 M- P7 W
millions of people to lives of despair. ' a+ w: N8 z0 x* D, {+ i$ `
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我离开哈佛的时候，根本没有意识到这个世界是多么的不平等。人类在健康、财富和机遇
! N$ a0 ]2 C# i- T; @上的不平等大得可怕，它们使得无数的人们被迫生活在绝望之中。 5 [4 [8 B: \ J- l1 n
3 K1 O/ O/ K$ {- BI learned a lot here at Harvard about new ideas in economics and politics. I g
- k- i3 d' \7 d8 m/ E5 D: T3 Fot great exposure to the advances being made in the sciences. 1 c5 F4 \( ~3 k4 H! y% j' G
8 ]: ~4 ?" q$ ?* F: z我在哈佛学到了很多经济学和政治学的新思想。我也了解了很多科学上的新进展。 2 _% r8 ^* z- v# Z; Q
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But humanity's greatest advances are not in its discoveries – but in how thos
' r p7 ^0 A8 W5 X, He discoveries are applied to reduce inequity. Whether through democracy, stron 1 }1 @" r7 `* |* ^
g public education, quality health care, or broad economic opportunity – redu 9 C5 `$ P+ p. l% \
cing inequity is the highest human achievement. 2 Z5 W' E" D! E$ f
; x" S- w9 }' L; _% B/ E5 L7 D但是，人类最大的进步并不来自于这些发现，而是来自于那些有助于减少人类不平等的发
! Y9 K; R. Z Z' w现。不管通过何种手段——民主制度、健全的公共教育体系、高质量的医疗保健、还是广 + S0 U5 ]% P2 J! J$ H {. H
泛的经济机会——减少不平等始终是人类最大的成就。 6 H+ y* f( e: G) @( E! L
4 i* ^7 e! W/ g$ i2 z, ?I left campus knowing little about the millions of young people cheated out of
* [5 l7 P9 _" P1 A9 _& teducational opportunities here in this country. And I knew nothing about the ( J. r0 w3 z/ n0 Q, i
millions of people living in unspeakable poverty and disease in developing cou 5 Y1 Q) Q3 y% s% K
ntries.
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% w1 ]/ z _6 M7 C$ _! a我离开校园的时候，根本不知道在这个国家里，有几百万的年轻人无法获得接受教育的机
- f, t1 L6 c, ^ m- O' K/ f会。我也不知道，发展中国家里有无数的人们生活在无法形容的贫穷和疾病之中。
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; j' b+ q4 ^, v1 m% |( f/ LIt took me decades to find out. . M8 K }0 ]1 z
' S1 H; W1 N( D7 z( X2 ?5 A我花了几十年才明白了这些事情。
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; m! l5 J, X4 e3 D- z" A+ `You graduates came to Harvard at a different time. You know more about the wor
8 _" F' @& d7 xld's inequities than the classes that came before. In your years here, I hope
# o' N3 |7 p- {9 |you've had a chance to think about how – in this age of accelerating technolo
' n# s) n+ r, w- s2 ]3 Kgy – we can finally take on these inequities, and we can solve them. / M# D2 t* \+ c2 Q
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在座的各位同学，你们是在与我不同的时代来到哈佛的。你们比以前的学生，更多地了解
( c* K: u. O- q/ \4 m0 s世界是怎样的不平等。在你们的哈佛求学过程中，我希望你们已经思考过一个问题，那就 7 s) T7 Q9 g6 H! {- P: b* C% S
是在这个新技术加速发展的时代，我们怎样最终应对这种不平等，以及我们怎样来解决这
$ r$ r: o! ?4 D( G+ ]5 V个问题。 / i0 r' R, R0 U) ]( u8 r: Y
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Imagine, just for the sake of discussion, that you had a few hours a week and
. A# ~1 b2 q9 U0 V! J# _5 @1 xa few dollars a month to donate to a cause – and you wanted to spend that tim
; |* T) z( x+ c2 c* ^$ c& pe and money where it would have the greatest impact in saving and improving li $ f* f- E; C# [
ves. Where would you spend it? / m/ V7 t; [$ |: j2 ^2 T2 Y
8 H$ D* j) b3 M) d, ~为了讨论的方便，请想象一下，假如你每个星期可以捐献一些时间、每个月可以捐献一些
1 f6 A1 u \+ {( L钱——你希望这些时间和金钱，可以用到对拯救生命和改善人类生活有最大作用的地方。
0 K+ x0 t6 [" G; C1 z O0 |" @8 z你会选择什么地方？ 6 \* E9 C8 H/ |) a, b
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For Melinda and for me, the challenge is the same: how can we do the most good
. O" h" ]1 }# ?for the greatest number with the resources we have. ! n/ k% M1 y2 T: x, ?2 [
2 t( g$ o( ^& ^. [对Melinda（注：盖茨的妻子）和我来说，这也是我们面临的问题：我们如何能将我们拥有 ; K7 y& a+ r) x/ t
的资源发挥出最大的作用。
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During our discussions on this question, Melinda and I read an article about t
+ R% h9 Q9 y' l6 X/ m0 ?+ xhe millions of children who were dying every year in poor countries from disea
3 H0 Y8 c6 j. h+ Hses that we had long ago made harmless in this country. Measles, malaria, pneu
' V. w$ \9 |* K& i8 Pmonia, hepatitis B, yellow fever. One disease I had never even heard of, rotav : E3 a; o3 O/ v# n. F1 B
irus, was killing half a million kids each year – none of them in the United 0 U! q9 g+ P+ y; y6 ?1 O
States. % e6 q5 B( C3 w2 X; i% U& U
( h3 t1 H8 I1 `5 e, A5 d* ~在讨论过程中，Melinda和我读到了一篇文章，里面说在那些贫穷的国家，每年有数百万的 K% q( w; y, k0 t" ]: ]
儿童死于那些在美国早已不成问题的疾病。麻疹、疟疾、肺炎、乙型肝炎、黄热病、还有
" a; J$ c9 t1 d: Q4 ~一种以前我从未听说过的轮状病毒，这些疾病每年导致50万儿童死亡，但是在美国一例死
& G- _# ]( G5 S) B' Z) {3 r& p亡病例也没有。
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We were shocked. We had just assumed that if millions of children were dying a
3 V" W1 L$ e z, w: u& Ynd they could be saved, the world would make it a priority to discover and del
; [& [& J9 j2 R% piver the medicines to save them. But it did not. For under a dollar, there wer 7 u' |$ _6 ?! Z) J' o( e x
e interventions that could save lives that just weren't being delivered.
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6 C( ~" a [; ^0 w* L7 Z5 p我们被震惊了。我们想，如果几百万儿童正在死亡线上挣扎，而且他们是可以被挽救的， , P9 Q: u- h! @
那么世界理应将用药物拯救他们作为头等大事。但是事实并非如此。那些价格还不到一美 3 D5 o( A" }5 w1 V
元的救命的药剂，并没有送到他们的手中。 & a- u! }3 W) n1 s) n* \4 z
6 H6 n( \! _* x1 c7 x9 ~& n* T- _If you believe that every life has equal value, it's revolting to learn that s
7 f* C: M8 M6 V; P2 l+ Lome lives are seen as worth saving and others are not. We said to ourselves: "
1 o* L4 B: h. i; S1 eThis can't be true. But if it is true, it deserves to be the priority of our g @: H4 Z" W6 [5 N( s
iving."
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; y4 Z7 K2 p( ?( ]如果你相信每个生命都是平等的，那么当你发现某些生命被挽救了，而另一些生命被放弃 - c* y L: V$ ^$ e! n
了，你会感到无法接受。我们对自己说：“事情不可能如此。如果这是真的，那么它理应 7 N: J6 G# Y' C, W( @
是我们努力的头等大事。” 4 L+ V* d; K$ J9 t% D
5 G$ Q- J2 m4 ^2 RSo we began our work in the same way anyone here would begin it. We asked: "Ho
; D' G, a( n% K e$ _& M4 \0 d# ~w could the world let these children die?" 0 h6 y# [; o- t+ l! L
3 h7 x/ t0 ]: w* ], P. L所以，我们用任何人都会想到的方式开始工作。我们问：“这个世界怎么可以眼睁睁看着 2 [& `5 E% K; N4 L) t( @+ y: f
这些孩子死去？” 4 T+ v d" o% m! ~
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The answer is simple, and harsh. The market did not reward saving the lives of
" d3 D' \( g- l4 j% z) S4 cthese children, and governments did not subsidize it. So the children died be
( t |& J9 v7 M: } Ucause their mothers and their fathers had no power in the market and no voice
4 _& ~/ { d8 Ain the system. ; w! z( V$ S3 y' a! n) g
. K; g- k# ?* U8 P答案很简单，也很令人难堪。在市场经济中，拯救儿童是一项没有利润的工作，政府也不
3 f2 A) p4 K% l/ A' ?9 c会提供补助。这些儿童之所以会死亡，是因为他们的父母在经济上没有实力，在政治上没 , x! s1 n2 s( q! l3 ]9 M8 n: L
有能力发出声音。
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) p* U" H1 s, G- \0 \9 r* U9 }But you and I have both.
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9 D: c% c# R# n4 L% C* q但是，你们和我在经济上有实力，在政治上能够发出声音。 # ~! Y- S" z5 M. F0 X
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We can make market forces work better for the poor if we can develop a more cr
# \0 h9 O4 D' Beative capitalism – if we can stretch the reach of market forces so that more
7 {( g v5 W) A: jpeople can make a profit, or at least make a living, serving people who are s 7 U$ k# n' d& W- _4 a) f6 P+ e* E
uffering from the worst inequities. We also can press governments around the w
6 }# F, |7 o' O* @% k9 Zorld to spend taxpayer money in ways that better reflect the values of the peo
7 ?* z; `$ s4 B. L9 A9 Eple who pay the taxes. 6 y. q `3 _" K/ K# W9 S
+ N7 [+ T; O2 s6 F4 d
我们可以让市场更好地为穷人服务，如果我们能够设计出一种更有创新性的资本主义制度 $ V& Y( ?2 {9 z8 y# `5 S) P: J
——如果我们可以改变市场，让更多的人可以获得利润，或者至少可以维持生活——那么
$ a9 |, R# L; N+ N2 u，这就可以帮到那些正在极端不平等的状况中受苦的人们。我们还可以向全世界的政府施
& y& Z8 L. ?1 t4 S! x1 S8 m压，要求他们将纳税人的钱，花到更符合纳税人价值观的地方。 # i7 k5 f9 ~5 Z" n. n2 p
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If we can find approaches that meet the needs of the poor in ways that generat 6 A) x" M+ J! f3 E, [ j
e profits for business and votes for politicians, we will have found a sustain 9 x" m( N: ?9 m! Q
able way to reduce inequity in the world. This task is open-ended. It can neve ) |5 [6 N b+ L: f) [( m7 J
r be finished. But a conscious effort to answer this challenge will change the
" T' b7 e. }1 e- V2 s1 O# [2 Eworld. ; d9 H$ y+ i% v/ v7 ]: M& x' S0 z; a" b
8 r8 b% H' j' r6 }. |
如果我们能够找到这样一种方法，既可以帮到穷人，又可以为商人带来利润，为政治家带
5 J3 |8 c F- `3 z, b来选票，那么我们就找到了一种减少世界性不平等的可持续的发展道路。这个任务是无限
5 k& N& b7 }6 t2 R6 F6 x4 m的。它不可能被完全完成，但是任何自觉地解决这个问题的尝试，都将会改变这个世界。 ; B g9 K& L3 v- z& c
6 j# b* M7 d2 D
) D1 V4 @- Y# K
I am optimistic that we can do this, but I talk to skeptics who claim there is
$ }% H! v8 X; Lno hope. They say: "Inequity has been with us since the beginning, and will b 7 s$ o# K+ n3 L" t7 V/ K0 u, I
e with us till the end – because people just … don't … care." I completely
. s- w# u/ |8 v. I# pdisagree.
, e( y9 D3 p# a3 V2 ]+ N9 S2 z" [) \) ?% b! T( K: c0 X
在这个问题上，我是乐观的。但是，我也遇到过那些感到绝望的怀疑主义者。他们说：“
' @6 u/ S7 Y5 \3 v2 S3 p/ H不平等从人类诞生的第一天就存在，到人类灭亡的最后一天也将存在。——因为人类对这 ) R( `' P% i! R& }: o: |' h
个问题根本不在乎。”我完全不能同意这种观点。
0 i7 K4 W7 ^5 E- K1 C6 B! h9 X0 H$ d/ ^
I believe we have more caring than we know what to do with.
. g4 n9 y; V2 t# V m8 P- |* Z4 R; ~7 P' I' L6 x7 j$ C* |
我相信，问题不是我们不在乎，而是我们不知道怎么做。 # @3 @1 ^- u: L3 W- y
. H; f# K" a. C3 x' ~
All of us here in this Yard, at one time or another, have seen human tragedies
! H' |" c! N- \5 Gthat broke our hearts, and yet we did nothing – not because we didn't care, ^& h, T6 P8 J$ U( Q' ^ t
but because we didn't know what to do. If we had known how to help, we would h
) C1 r; h+ T# b, h/ Mave acted.
- t, O6 W- G* V/ z3 Q* N6 R8 R
& b4 C, m, O9 {5 c2 Y. I此刻在这个院子里的所有人，生命中总有这样或那样的时刻，目睹人类的悲剧，感到万分 & j B+ K3 ^; Q; l. l' T6 b4 i n
伤心。但是我们什么也没做，并非我们无动于衷，而是因为我们不知道做什么和怎么做。 , `. e- x! G" {) {1 P' S* Z( w' R
如果我们知道如何做是有效的，那么我们就会采取行动。 : e X+ R( q& _+ e [' V/ z3 v
! u4 o# s) I: F& j/ d+ TThe barrier to change is not too little caring; it is too much complexity.
& [) x9 \- G( g4 c' c6 V9 U3 f1 c! }' e( k
改变世界的阻碍，并非人类的冷漠，而是世界实在太复杂。
8 `7 Y) ] s8 R* h2 n
4 y& j# y& L) C; H5 k) }+ O2 E; l: xTo turn caring into action, we need to see a problem, see a solution, and see
; N+ ~" K+ r0 f+ rthe impact. But complexity blocks all three steps.
. c6 X5 S7 t4 q1 z6 Z. b4 u% c: C$ @5 F+ f
为了将关心转变为行动，我们需要找到问题，发现解决办法的方法，评估后果。但是世界 8 {) ^- k1 a! s
的复杂性使得所有这些步骤都难于做到。
* f3 N& G# K7 l5 _! [+ T
3 J8 s& V" W9 N6 ]0 B, n2 bEven with the advent of the Internet and 24-hour news, it is still a complex e 7 E' X1 |0 y% b9 v% t0 v( X! d
nterprise to get people to truly see the problems. When an airplane crashes, o
5 Z h$ q, A& n. [; v! r9 Officials immediately call a press conference. They promise to investigate, det
; p( V; m" r1 U: M4 d3 f4 Lermine the cause, and prevent similar crashes in the future. & E, @( M1 A1 E
4 l- v& ]1 U3 ~0 g即使有了互联网和24小时直播的新闻台，让人们真正发现问题所在，仍然十分困难。当一
) W+ t7 R" p8 `3 c4 n& h5 G1 s架飞机坠毁了，官员们会立刻召开新闻发布会，他们承诺进行调查、找到原因、防止将来
: I/ N8 d1 Q e3 }再次发生类似事故。
$ f1 q" k8 v0 I* L% E# n3 d, `3 Y" K1 R/ O2 g8 ~
But if the officials were brutally honest, they would say: "Of all the people
) F8 v9 }. r( J5 v* g, V. u2 Bin the world who died today from preventable causes, one half of one percent o 4 z& G/ [! t- G- f* [ s
f them were on this plane. We're determined to do everything possible to solve : J/ {2 o! J& e# H z8 f% {* V; X- Y
the problem that took the lives of the one half of one percent." # Q2 F+ u \8 i/ U% W# W+ G5 s$ o. _
) g; c+ E! |* x
但是如果那些官员敢说真话，他们就会说：“在今天这一天，全世界所有可以避免的死亡 1 z, n8 o6 D) g& Z0 {
之中，只有0.5%的死者来自于这次空难。我们决心尽一切努力，调查这个0.5%的死亡原因
# `* Y: a' e, p7 \# }。” ! {" p0 p& \6 ^- j2 b" x$ \, ^
7 U: X C' Q' x/ u" B
The bigger problem is not the plane crash, but the millions of preventable dea
% a( x8 X1 |1 W# f- L2 b, P1 Tths.
& q' d2 f4 e9 \9 M6 I$ o3 E
n2 L1 \" _) `) J4 Y显然，更重要的问题不是这次空难，而是其他几百万可以预防的死亡事件。 , S8 n B( ^1 D$ @: {6 H
9 {# R+ [7 m# I7 v, `# qWe don't read much about these deaths. The media covers what's new – and mill % Z% ]0 w8 z' o
ions of people dying is nothing new. So it stays in the background, where it's ( }6 ?3 n/ J) l4 m9 M
easier to ignore. But even when we do see it or read about it, it's difficult
' ^3 X6 A3 M- ?" Vto keep our eyes on the problem. It's hard to look at suffering if the situat : y N# Z: J, U l' E2 s& H
ion is so complex that we don't know how to help. And so we look away.
W4 v4 R! _5 t8 o- B8 q; l
6 ?$ ~! @' ^0 z! Z1 b' j我们并没有很多机会了解那些死亡事件。媒体总是报告新闻，几百万人将要死去并非新闻
" U6 f6 h/ G' \1 J8 V: m' ^( Q。如果没有人报道，那么这些事件就很容易被忽视。另一方面，即使我们确实目睹了事件
: n/ R/ A- S# Y本身或者看到了相关报道，我们也很难持续关注这些事件。看着他人受苦是令人痛苦的，
; b% A+ m+ W# V! w何况问题又如此复杂，我们根本不知道如何去帮助他人。所以我们会将脸转过去。
1 u7 C# o' z/ p0 R r1 W1 p* R V1 s6 p5 `' z
If we can really see a problem, which is the first step, we come to the second
. y3 L& h* Z0 I0 C- _step: cutting through the complexity to find a solution. ! M* [: X2 t9 }: g
5 d7 o+ n' v% b# x1 j
就算我们真正发现了问题所在，也不过是迈出了第一步，接着还有第二步：那就是从复杂
* s% A! s" f0 z/ M的事件中找到解决办法。 4 L% E$ n: M5 A
; w3 ~" V b3 S4 P! q; ^
Finding solutions is essential if we want to make the most of our caring. If w
$ N; O! {2 g Z- P% He have clear and proven answers anytime an organization or individual asks "Ho $ q8 e6 s. J* D3 q% f
w can I help?," then we can get action – and we can make sure that none of th
$ n+ A/ Z6 h! Q$ N" }- S7 e# Y" d7 n8 ~e caring in the world is wasted. But complexity makes it hard to mark a path o
$ y5 ? W, m0 i/ T; w$ W" m. f, C! b+ uf action for everyone who cares — and that makes it hard for their caring to 8 F3 A3 a7 U3 c/ a6 ]8 V
matter.
+ w8 R" X, g1 k4 E3 w* w6 q- U& p$ d" P# [- g" P9 G# |. K
如果我们要让关心落到实处，我们就必须找到解决办法。如果我们有一个清晰的和可靠的 , I. ~) L5 ^' C( N, d- C# ~6 r
答案，那么当任何组织和个人发出疑问“如何我能提供帮助”的时候，我们就能采取行动 0 z; T( v0 J! E4 Y d& O1 W/ s! U
。我们就能够保证不浪费一丁点全世界人类对他人的关心。但是，世界的复杂性使得很难 2 O* F$ \* n8 E; ?+ ^/ E( e
找到对全世界每一个有爱心的人都有效的行动方法，因此人类对他人的关心往往很难产生
3 [; |1 A* e/ b3 G$ f* m5 W实际效果。 , R b8 a/ f3 g. ^4 H3 z
7 z `$ r [5 v/ e9 p/ J
Cutting through complexity to find a solution runs through four predictable st 5 K* H) |4 O' s& M }5 P
ages: determine a goal, find the highest-leverage approach, discover the ideal / u6 C# E1 M) j% ^! N
technology for that approach, and in the meantime, make the smartest applicat $ e! N; A% N- w# f
ion of the technology that you already have — whether it's something sophisti - E. B! c G4 \; I
cated, like a drug, or something simpler, like a bednet.
9 L1 ? ^% L- U
$ U. [) N+ y3 R从这个复杂的世界中找到解决办法，可以分为四个步骤：确定目标，找到最高效的方法， ! V" @; ~' b& {! `
发现适用于这个方法的新技术，同时最聪明地利用现有的技术，不管它是复杂的药物，还 7 q: u; F. u- j+ _+ I; Y; x& ~
是最简单的蚊帐。
$ z/ R# g ]0 ^# W9 |* b# i: R( s9 H& n4 z
The AIDS epidemic offers an example. The broad goal, of course, is to end the 2 Q9 l) l+ c0 G9 G5 k
disease. The highest-leverage approach is prevention. The ideal technology wou
5 D6 l8 X" V9 m3 I+ Q) d( zld be a vaccine that gives lifetime immunity with a single dose. So government
# f# O8 {9 h* O1 Xs, drug companies, and foundations fund vaccine research. But their work is li
" J$ t$ z& Q# I. Q2 x9 M( e( Lkely to take more than a decade, so in the meantime, we have to work with what
: M4 g. C/ B" L5 Bwe have in hand – and the best prevention approach we have now is getting pe
* q q: M6 b* T/ ^1 z' j& Fople to avoid risky behavior. 8 B5 z6 r# B* g& U2 w |
6 }: p; E+ Q" H" M+ }艾滋病就是一个例子。总的目标，毫无疑问是消灭这种疾病。最高效的方法是预防。最理 4 T9 B k' i$ ~% D* ?( n# F! f5 J
想的技术是发明一种疫苗，只要注射一次，就可以终生免疫。所以，政府、制药公司、基
" Y2 D& k5 y* n) ~& O2 |! |金会应该资助疫苗研究。但是，这样研究工作很可能十年之内都无法完成。因此，与此同 7 j, i5 \0 [$ Z7 f7 m! x7 b
时，我们必须使用现有的技术，目前最有效的预防方法就是设法让人们避免那些危险的行 ; W; Y. R0 K' Q" D
为。 5 x7 V8 E! h6 P; X
: c9 u2 \, ^& t3 ?6 l
Pursuing that goal starts the four-step cycle again. This is the pattern. The
" P* m) ?/ p* Z9 K: }$ wcrucial thing is to never stop thinking and working – and never do what we di & V7 d( D2 x; T m! P( @
d with malaria and tuberculosis in the 20th century – which is to surrender t
B7 [- {* J6 \0 H: c8 ?o complexity and quit. / U# A# `! t( ]+ m- F
3 \& f1 D N# {3 q! E& j; b) s要实现这个新的目标，又可以采用新的四步循环。这是一种模式。关键的东西是永远不要
% D3 F/ g: W( D5 s停止思考和行动。我们千万不能再犯上个世纪在疟疾和肺结核上犯过的错误，那时我们因 - z% Z( e6 u# y- ^
为它们太复杂，而放弃了采取行动。 " p0 L$ D3 a6 ?/ ?; P/ H
# l0 k) \$ U- b5 m. P% h% {
The final step – after seeing the problem and finding an approach – is to me
6 r/ }& Q S. ^# I6 A+ ?2 P+ \asure the impact of your work and share your successes and failures so that ot ( D! A# j6 B+ F2 [6 {
hers learn from your efforts.
# _0 h ^; D, s# m6 W/ @. L
$ E$ |$ S; x# h, {在发现问题和找到解决方法之后，就是最后一步——评估工作结果，将你的成功经验或者 ! p# S1 G4 N( s) c- k C, O" q
失败经验传播出去，这样其他人就可以从你的努力中有所收获。 ; F* D; Z i) t- g6 ~/ X
u/ K$ ~ @9 xYou have to have the statistics, of course. You have to be able to show that a
& @) N S" H- c. Y/ p1 b) \0 _0 pprogram is vaccinating millions more children. You have to be able to show a
& W$ {' R0 b. }( b( _0 ?decline in the number of children dying from these diseases. This is essential . i6 u9 Y$ ]4 K5 }5 |
not just to improve the program, but also to help draw more investment from b
4 u0 g, A2 U4 pusiness and government. ) @" D' D& Z1 a/ a7 |' `& _3 v
- x2 g" |% u3 L% N) T* A' |( C4 W
当然，你必须有一些统计数字。你必须让他人知道，你的项目为几百万儿童新接种了疫苗
& ?" U9 M2 B1 d r; N1 r。你也必须让他人知道，儿童死亡人数下降了多少。这些都是很关键的，不仅有利于改善 y" m: ^, A, O8 P
项目效果，也有利于从商界和政府得到更多的帮助。
" Z. @" b6 T& I, W6 l
$ S! F, n: Z G# j1 W# f/ ]2 zBut if you want to inspire people to participate, you have to show more than n
' o; a2 P7 l+ v+ \umbers; you have to convey the human impact of the work – so people can feel
, M6 P+ D* w3 H/ e. Rwhat saving a life means to the families affected. 8 @: i$ M2 @9 w
* l1 `) A: ? z6 I
但是，这些还不够，如果你想激励其他人参加你的项目，你就必须拿出更多的统计数字； " F& M$ }" |: S
你必须展示你的项目的人性因素，这样其他人就会感到拯救一个生命，对那些处在困境中
( A' F, O& [/ s4 y3 A的家庭到底意味着什么。 - a, X# p. S' H
+ Q: I1 c" @4 R# w
I remember going to Davos some years back and sitting on a global health panel
4 K/ K# h, X7 c% L- }( pthat was discussing ways to save millions of lives. Millions! Think of the th : z* j2 B# d! l, |
rill of saving just one person's life – then multiply that by millions. … Ye
: }+ p+ ]( e. {& |! Qt this was the most boring panel I've ever been on – ever. So boring even I c
$ W; O5 e, N' N1 v/ `ouldn't bear it.
) b: l; I* \; k) H- [1 Y6 B" z6 A6 a/ t+ W& v( g2 [% d! i
几年前，我去瑞士达沃斯旁听一个全球健康问题论坛，会议的内容有关于如何拯救几百万
. U; d4 }$ N, n! ]6 L条生命。天哪，是几百万！想一想吧，拯救一个人的生命已经让人何等激动，现在你要把 6 e# S- N- b' `, K
这种激动再乘上几百万倍……但是，不幸的是，这是我参加过的最最乏味的论坛，乏味到
: b( H2 I5 K0 D1 Z我无法强迫自己听下去。
9 V8 ?* L o8 H3 Y5 i: ?, O- W# y' a( y5 v% S6 T$ O
What made that experience especially striking was that I had just come from an
6 d; X e; Z! A2 B/ G5 d# qevent where we were introducing version 13 of some piece of software, and we
1 S7 O9 }; [8 j! d/ u* V" Thad people jumping and shouting with excitement. I love getting people excited
( j0 j: b0 o6 Z7 Y; W. S. Y6 M- ^! Labout software – but why can't we generate even more excitement for saving l I: K: {2 V" X
ives?
# q1 R2 A' c, l$ P
) L z% o7 T4 w3 v* a那次经历之所以让我难忘，是因为之前我们刚刚发布了一个软件的第13个版本，我们让观
; a& U# I$ b l7 ^# C- h, D众激动得跳了起来，喊出了声。我喜欢人们因为软件而感到激动，那么我们为什么不能够 - I/ O- r* q# D3 c- @
让人们因为能够拯救生命而感到更加激动呢？
* q) N8 C- B2 J/ L% P& I
6 Z4 R+ t, I% u8 t' `" bYou can't get people excited unless you can help them see and feel the impact.
* f" M; r. m; j- O" h2 y/ B1 N* F* Z! W+ {And how you do that – is a complex question.
) \5 f1 P; h) S. j7 t8 {" Y: v9 ^9 v2 W% C) _/ M
除非你能够让人们看到或者感受到行动的影响力，否则你无法让人们激动。如何做到这一 : F& a/ [2 g( `
点，并不是一件简单的事。
) e3 v* x4 B0 L5 [% G. Z' f( Z5 |" D3 J F! H$ d+ U/ U
Still, I'm optimistic. Yes, inequity has been with us forever, but the new too 1 G4 d9 f. V8 \
ls we have to cut through complexity have not been with us forever. They are n ' Z0 o" |% x* V
ew – they can help us make the most of our caring – and that's why the futur
& V% s) S( e& L+ ~2 y# Ne can be different from the past.
( p' R5 \. t" T+ E8 V1 v6 l4 {) [: T! T# }+ q6 C
同前面一样，在这个问题上，我依然是乐观的。不错，人类的不平等有史以来一直存在， ' ?1 t, D! u# V" ]; @# I v. r
但是那些能够化繁为简的新工具，却是最近才出现的。这些新工具可以帮助我们，将人类 0 N, P0 z( g- n4 H2 b( |/ d
的同情心发挥最大的作用，这就是为什么将来同过去是不一样的。
1 x( b3 c. @) Q4 m
# y. w2 |9 h! L2 lThe defining and ongoing innovations of this age – biotechnology, the compute
: e. O& X" p8 D% U2 x& _; S% sr, the Internet – give us a chance we've never had before to end extreme pove
! O' M4 j# Y% U' q7 p; [7 C1 hrty and end death from preventable disease. & l7 |, e/ ~6 m5 h+ _% ~
1 W9 s8 Q% b2 `7 d+ J. @( @这个时代无时无刻不在涌现出新的革新——生物技术，计算机，互联网——它们给了我们 - S4 R' m4 E/ t$ _) Z- C
一个从未有过的机会，去终结那些极端的贫穷和非恶性疾病的死亡。 5 E4 t4 J" G5 g
J3 @# T$ P( d9 {4 S; z- k
Sixty years ago, George Marshall came to this commencement and announced a pla # \+ Q3 f6 V* w# W9 x2 V
n to assist the nations of post-war Europe. He said: "I think one difficulty i
: g4 Z; r3 Z% b/ O6 R+ Vs that the problem is one of such enormous complexity that the very mass of fa
' B2 s4 J( q: X" t" rcts presented to the public by press and radio make it exceedingly difficult f ' a& p, f9 Q/ ]! F, Q7 f
or the man in the street to reach a clear appraisement of the situation. It is
( W0 O% m' b7 g3 N; u$ l- Svirtually impossible at this distance to grasp at all the real significance o 1 [) Y. L3 `: V4 i6 b* B
f the situation." / _+ A& R a8 J& E" K& b
4 b* l. k4 A0 S: u5 X; ]( S9 O
六十年前，乔治·马歇尔也是在这个地方的毕业典礼上，宣布了一个计划，帮助那些欧洲
) Y/ K2 p' _* r- a国家的战后建设。他说：“我认为，困难的一点是这个问题太复杂，报纸和电台向公众源
5 ^+ u" {7 ?# ]+ f2 \9 v3 Z" G I* i- f源不断地提供各种事实，使得大街上的普通人极端难于清晰地判断形势。事实上，经过层 1 v# [: r# |( Y" |5 D. i) O
层传播，想要真正地把握形势，是根本不可能的。” ! V5 N( D& K* D+ i5 x# x
; v8 L+ g& u# A. M( f8 ~
Thirty years after Marshall made his address, as my class graduated without me
0 v" z( V1 r6 r ?! b. z8 N" M4 h, technology was emerging that would make the world smaller, more open, more v ) q; _1 {. |7 a8 W6 M+ ] o
isible, less distant. : d6 J# _! ~. W
7 A7 K5 a0 J' ^+ E) w
马歇尔发表这个演讲之后的三十年，我那一届学生毕业，当然我不在其中。那时，新技术 R7 W2 b4 A; k
刚刚开始萌芽，它们将使得这个世界变得更小、更开放、更容易看到、距离更近。
) u; @& H- a$ {$ Y6 G1 X
1 {# _/ s& m& C- ]) TThe emergence of low-cost personal computers gave rise to a powerful network t 0 ?3 h: W4 u) @+ |9 d3 C2 k: e
hat has transformed opportunities for learning and communicating. # |/ c# C y9 W* M- i; A' [( N
1 a+ Y1 `% D1 }' V& l. q4 r( j8 }2 x: {低成本的个人电脑的出现，使得一个强大的互联网有机会诞生，它为学习和交流提供了巨
( I& Z0 @; ]; Z. F" d: m9 ^- v4 X大的机会。
! e" R, b' z) w [8 [ M" ^- X, L! Q+ T+ t$ ~8 M9 p+ O
The magical thing about this network is not just that it collapses distance an # B* Y, Z) n% T) ?+ A$ R& t
d makes everyone your neighbor. It also dramatically increases the number of b
; Z8 v% W& F2 }+ {, @; W1 Vrilliant minds we can have working together on the same problem – and that sc ( p$ \4 E* O2 z4 U5 @9 x
ales up the rate of innovation to a staggering degree. 7 R" v5 g3 V1 c: e& a5 `1 x
! c" ]! g6 j1 L" c! }# i网络的神奇之处，不仅仅是它缩短了物理距离，使得天涯若比邻。它还极大地增加了怀有 : n8 C/ a5 Q' ?: n1 E( M! L6 ]1 D
共同想法的人们聚集在一起的机会，我们可以为了解决同一个问题，一起共同工作。这就
$ p! `) V3 U* ?* `6 C6 ^3 X) M大大加快了革新的进程，发展速度简直快得让人震惊。
, {( q" k* j9 v$ l
( Z; b$ n+ M, y0 n" ]At the same time, for every person in the world who has access to this technol
) h) B2 b$ R" X& R1 X1 d* x; j( zogy, five people don't. That means many creative minds are left out of this di
7 @8 C' v3 Z$ F' j1 a2 yscussion -- smart people with practical intelligence and relevant experience w
0 o( [# x5 B( b f- p+ O# O3 ~ho don't have the technology to hone their talents or contribute their ideas t 2 ^4 [$ l5 E9 g6 Y) i1 C+ a+ q
o the world.
$ p {8 O8 K8 @
. _. r8 {; j" M* d+ W- S9 D与此同时，世界上有条件上网的人，只是全部人口的六分之一。这意味着，还有许多具有 ) n1 E7 R/ r( C/ b Z& A, Y
创造性的人们，没有加入到我们的讨论中来。那些有着实际的操作经验和相关经历的聪明 / i1 v4 W* w! }( f4 ?; }
人，却没有技术来帮助他们，将他们的天赋或者想法与全世界分享。
. t9 o, Y2 F" |: a0 u; h
p9 R0 i9 i6 I* kWe need as many people as possible to have access to this technology, because 7 W; j* |; g! n( B4 X! B W9 g
these advances are triggering a revolution in what human beings can do for one 9 q! {5 j1 Y# _/ ?, O
another. They are making it possible not just for national governments, but f
% b9 k, \5 M8 _8 q, gor universities, corporations, smaller organizations, and even individuals to 0 P% C; Q! }3 I `6 g
see problems, see approaches, and measure the impact of their efforts to addre 9 T( {; C' X* i& k
ss the hunger, poverty, and desperation George Marshall spoke of 60 years ago. * ^& ~' `7 g- H# j
9 F& P! f8 o: g0 `, ~2 C
7 o6 u3 ]. b: k1 o3 b3 a
我们需要尽可能地让更多的人有机会使用新技术，因为这些新技术正在引发一场革命，人 # e8 \( n& Z& V/ v, c5 f% H
类将因此可以互相帮助。新技术正在创造一种可能，不仅是政府，还包括大学、公司、小 1 K- {) C/ J$ V1 q, X
机构、甚至个人，能够发现问题所在、能够找到解决办法、能够评估他们努力的效果，去
+ t) v9 t! B- n, z改变那些马歇尔六十年前就说到过的问题——饥饿、贫穷和绝望。
" A, o" ]$ G: ` E0 M1 _$ \, s# E1 q
c2 l/ `4 f% r* A" dMembers of the Harvard Family: Here in the Yard is one of the great collection - v6 s# p7 d' f8 I7 K
s of intellectual talent in the world. & v* ~4 S& a; R+ F, z" R
; _. r: T$ j& Y哈佛是一个大家庭。这个院子里在场的人们，是全世界最有智力的人类群体之一。
, ]% Z" Z- d( e+ X9 m* X: I
/ w' @) F+ C7 O5 bWhat for?
% L: G, t7 _- \: a! d P/ t* m5 P; F! [( B; ~+ h
我们可以做些什么？ ' ?/ i0 C8 Y4 I4 [; W. t
% u; E5 d% [% g5 p
There is no question that the faculty, the alumni, the students, and the benef
4 _& e/ m" c1 ~# h; y# I$ \/ pactors of Harvard have used their power to improve the lives of people here an . s G, V0 K0 J0 O
d around the world. But can we do more? Can Harvard dedicate its intellect to + {5 e! H% o' c$ q$ B
improving the lives of people who will never even hear its name?
h" t) R& M Z) `- L/ F# A
! z4 s. E. x5 N8 Y毫无疑问，哈佛的老师、校友、学生和资助者，已经用他们的能力改善了全世界各地人们
8 f! M- }. M1 r的生活。但是，我们还能够再做什么呢？有没有可能，哈佛的人们可以将他们的智慧，用 - F8 V D) K+ [9 C# B+ }
来帮助那些甚至从来没有听到过“哈佛”这个名字的人？ s9 H- d3 _" L8 Y3 I
4 I, g% y% n$ Z3 S1 S6 p
Let me make a request of the deans and the professors – the intellectual lead
5 I5 z2 m" b4 Y. Z9 _' uers here at Harvard: As you hire new faculty, award tenure, review curriculum,
6 _1 w5 t* ^. b* X0 ^ C" Jand determine degree requirements, please ask yourselves:
1 B3 A5 k+ `, Q- J `8 P: n' {- m# f/ S; Y
请允许我向各位院长和教授，提出一个请求——你们是哈佛的智力领袖，当你们雇用新的 5 v7 v' Z8 c5 x e t9 M; d
老师、授予终身教职、评估课程、决定学位颁发标准的时候，请问你们自己如下的问题：
! a% z ~% Q$ H; k- X0 ]+ N
4 d0 W, [# o/ i& ~5 @2 a! `) g0 {5 c O5 D; a6 m* M
Should our best minds be dedicated to solving our biggest problems?
/ t) r" e8 ~2 N6 j/ F2 I S; d! `8 h0 M. D* ?0 Y9 E; b& F& H/ h2 n6 X
我们最优秀的人才是否在致力于解决我们最大的问题？ 1 s) G' K) \% q C4 }
" U) d* i: I) J7 R! Q& TShould Harvard encourage its faculty to take on the world's worst inequities? 5 r4 J0 Y1 q) l: J* l5 D* _6 _1 q
Should Harvard students learn about the depth of global poverty … the prevale 0 l/ W" U, o( u* b# L# C
nce of world hunger … the scarcity of clean water …the girls kept out of sch 4 E& U& [4 g4 W1 _; [, c3 w q7 h$ ?7 t7 b
ool … the children who die from diseases we can cure?
2 b* I6 c1 C/ g# J* A9 p3 ?0 D* ?9 D0 |# M6 H
哈佛是否鼓励她的老师去研究解决世界上最严重的不平等？哈佛的学生是否从全球那些极
% ?& V" [: h9 y* }- p端的贫穷中学到了什么……世界性的饥荒……清洁的水资源的缺乏……无法上学的女童…
. `/ h) x3 D3 A9 j( h' }0 l…死于非恶性疾病的儿童……哈佛的学生有没有从中学到东西？
' {5 P. y( R' E, x c
+ C" ]; L: t% ]% }+ h1 @ O+ FShould the world's most privileged people learn about the lives of the world's
( X) B" P; X% @" z7 c- Jleast privileged?
j/ o; F2 } P! m& C2 q- U2 C) w+ |6 ~/ [, ]
那些世界上过着最优越生活的人们，有没有从那些最困难的人们身上学到东西？
% W; O' x$ [' S* m5 h' L! Q* Z( u0 m: e) n1 B1 t+ \
These are not rhetorical questions – you will answer with your policies. ; E( Y2 g! a4 ^( @7 p! H, C. b8 F
- g4 Z E5 g0 ], W
这些问题并非语言上的修辞。你必须用自己的行动来回答它们。 8 M* w2 @' ^9 A6 ~ s, ~
) @: u, }0 ]: W# x
My mother, who was filled with pride the day I was admitted here – never stop
" m6 }, J9 D7 r, u ?2 Q1 [& Z& Vped pressing me to do more for others. A few days before my wedding, she hoste
* {& K: f; I9 a' y4 A- y5 X" ud a bridal event, at which she read aloud a letter about marriage that she had
& S& `8 [. D# Rwritten to Melinda. My mother was very ill with cancer at the time, but she s & k+ D; I+ @1 @# r% p$ `( f( H+ V& u
aw one more opportunity to deliver her message, and at the close of the letter : _; f1 G+ m. w, u. i& f _
she said: "From those to whom much is given, much is expected." - P$ {9 h1 }, q: e5 ]% I4 b0 I- {( j
+ ]0 C* I( o L$ O' ]& N& o我的母亲在我被哈佛大学录取的那一天，曾经感到非常骄傲。她从没有停止督促我，去为 ' O) u+ H B# Z8 m" _
他人做更多的事情。在我结婚的前几天，她主持了一个新娘进我家的仪式。在这个仪式上
5 h+ {6 I* ]! ? b2 |4 L，她高声朗读了一封关于婚姻的信，这是她写给Melinda的。那时，我的母亲已经因为癌症 $ P0 }+ j6 l9 C3 y
病入膏肓，但是她还是认为这是又一个传播她的信念的机会。在那封信的结尾，她写道：
+ t# ]$ ~) R( g% U( E' J/ t“对于那些接受了许多帮助的人们，他们还在期待更多的帮助。你的能力越大，人们对你
, E+ R: b: q4 C: X3 {的期望也就越大。”
$ l8 B) g. { l) z0 e% i
$ Z! p: h# \& W: W0 M9 vWhen you consider what those of us here in this Yard have been given – in tal
: c% f! M! L( c: _2 pent, privilege, and opportunity – there is almost no limit to what the world * q& r' s* c Z
has a right to expect from us. : p C, e( N: ]
! k2 M9 R% q3 @" I
想一想吧，我们在这个院子里的这些人，被给予过什么——天赋、特权、机遇——那么可 ; T5 G- G0 d8 [6 k- p
以这样说，全世界的人们几乎有无限的权力，期待我们做出贡献。 4 v( N4 e' F m8 p4 K; k
7 D$ V+ K0 G8 S- zIn line with the promise of this age, I want to exhort each of the graduates h 3 L2 F. Q6 }, }, N
ere to take on an issue – a complex problem, a deep inequity, and become a sp
2 i. L# Z, l0 K, t& ^% v. n2 Yecialist on it. If you make it the focus of your career, that would be phenome
" Q& g- p' t d) {nal. But you don't have to do that to make an impact. For a few hours every we
( r* J2 _- M( D, ^6 B' I; @% `% o0 Vek, you can use the growing power of the Internet to get informed, find others
& e9 `# d! |3 O* g1 x- Fwith the same interests, see the barriers, and find ways to cut through them. - O) f% J( ^9 N3 t! Z) A0 s0 F6 v, x
# O: i4 j8 _; k) ~
' A+ N2 k" f) [( B# H4 a9 l
同这个时代的期望一样，我也要向今天各位毕业的同学提出一个忠告：你们要选择一个问
# z' Y# e2 I$ J. k! ?题，一个复杂的问题，一个有关于人类深刻的不平等的问题，然后你们要变成这个问题的 : n, w$ {- p0 _; M' a
专家。如果你们能够使得这个问题成为你们职业的核心，那么你们就会非常杰出。但是，
' @- P4 X$ g8 I) H! m: P+ z你们不必一定要去做那些大事。每个星期只用几个小时，你就可以通过互联网得到信息， # z4 n9 x- H$ d: @1 n+ d
找到志同道合的朋友，发现困难所在，找到解决它们的途径。
' }' i4 K' i- ^
9 c' W& I+ o8 @# k SDon't let complexity stop you. Be activists. Take on the big inequities. It wi 9 }6 } m5 J% M: ^4 D2 }) j
ll be one of the great experiences of your lives. . W, D8 A" ~, [- o. Q5 }, }( g9 {
- n/ U; x! q) |1 l/ \6 X+ t2 I不要让这个世界的复杂性阻碍你前进。要成为一个行动主义者。将解决人类的不平等视为
4 |/ U6 z H7 [& K4 {3 Y2 O$ y' @己任。它将成为你生命中最重要的经历之一。 / i+ t9 g( g7 E+ N2 A0 e
5 U0 \0 k7 X L' g% t" f/ X* w
You graduates are coming of age in an amazing time. As you leave Harvard, you
# U, F5 Q1 K4 V% X! l' khave technology that members of my class never had. You have awareness of glob - p- g9 O3 |- H7 U( G. W
al inequity, which we did not have. And with that awareness, you likely also h
/ r: \, g5 l+ a8 `( X9 ` Jave an informed conscience that will torment you if you abandon these people w
0 o9 P e$ z* z6 `9 F3 C6 Ahose lives you could change with very little effort. You have more than we had
" l# ?; h& w$ a% K4 ^: Q; you must start sooner, and carry on longer.
. k: |4 x' ?/ t( |# A, ]4 H- Y+ M+ b
在座的各位毕业的同学，你们所处的时代是一个神奇的时代。当你们离开哈佛的时候，你 0 F |% C* I8 N" C {, E% ^. o
们拥有的技术，是我们那一届学生所没有的。你们已经了解到了世界上的不平等，我们那
1 H7 ?2 s- H/ l5 n时还不知道这些。有了这样的了解之后，要是你再弃那些你可以帮助的人们于不顾，就将 ! e0 c9 ~* W! Z# a9 L6 n
受到良心的谴责，只需一点小小的努力，你就可以改变那些人们的生活。你们比我们拥有 + s' }, R s9 y0 S! y! l1 i
更大的能力；你们必须尽早开始，尽可能长时期坚持下去。 " A/ K' O4 c* T; L$ b M
- o1 h. v% z0 v. H- x: t) V. ~
Knowing what you know, how could you not? # q. Z, w+ O6 h0 L3 D9 ?0 q4 ?0 z5 A
! ?" L) U1 ~, \( n% i
知道了你们所知道的一切，你们怎么可能不采取行动呢？
8 B/ A3 R! u; X. K8 T+ _# H" F. U" @% d: L1 S& h; p4 f) T
And I hope you will come back here to Harvard 30 years from now and reflect on ( ~9 D% c' q" J0 `. h3 [3 [
what you have done with your talent and your energy. I hope you will judge yo 0 i5 l" L$ F( G0 s
urselves not on your professional accomplishments alone, but also on how well $ @6 C& j1 R, [5 M; n
you have addressed the world's deepest inequities … on how well you treated p $ P$ A8 I# z) c3 d; i' X, v# R
eople a world away who have nothing in common with you but their humanity. / `! Y( N% b: m, [ b
/ B( X6 M3 K3 S: p% f我希望，30年后你们还会再回到哈佛，想起你们用自己的天赋和能力所做出的一切。我希 1 d# H# @( l2 D' s8 h1 l
望，在那个时候，你们用来评价自己的标准，不仅仅是你们的专业成就，而包括你们为改 # |* S/ }9 p0 Z2 {2 j/ }# ?0 _
变这个世界深刻的不平等所做出的努力，以及你们如何善待那些远隔千山万水、与你们毫
. I7 ~0 L5 u. _- z( y5 w, v不涉及的人们，你们与他们唯一的共同点就是同为人类。 |
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