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2008-11-02 01:02:11 来自: lightpie(上次登录还是1.5年前.....)
S1 ~; `" Z+ g* i4 P9 s& C比尔·盖茨在哈佛大学毕业典礼上的演讲
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2007年6月7日
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) [$ w x. a; B/ c$ T8 z" I, `阮一峰 译 . r. W q# T6 L, W* U+ S! p! w: @
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President Bok, former President Rudenstine, incoming President Faust, members
( o8 v8 P; _) j7 uof the Harvard Corporation and the Board of Overseers, members of the faculty,
; J5 J5 X A8 v+ Qparents, and especially, the graduates:
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尊敬的Bok校长,Rudenstine前校长,即将上任的Faust校长,哈佛集团的各位成员,监管 f$ E6 j0 q# z2 }; B
理事会的各位理事,各位老师,各位家长,各位同学: $ \7 }( r+ H/ a; J# ]; R& U/ _% l
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I've been waiting more than 30 years to say this: "Dad, I always told you I'd
# y a% |9 k1 ~% \5 zcome back and get my degree."
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有一句话我等了三十年,现在终于可以说了:“老爸,我总是跟你说,我会回来拿到我的
! y; T' Q( B J) L* F! I2 {学位的!”
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I want to thank Harvard for this timely honor. I'll be changing my job next ye / u& w/ U/ D$ T
ar … and it will be nice to finally have a college degree on my resume.
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我要感谢哈佛大学在这个时候给我这个荣誉。明年,我就要换工作了(注:指从微软公司
. ?! I7 l5 L; C! e: d6 Y退休)……我终于可以在简历上写我有一个本科学位,这真是不错啊。
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% i9 p3 A9 c3 gI applaud the graduates today for taking a much more direct route to your degr
' Q% ?6 B' Y3 g' {6 c. H5 l: b+ bees. For my part, I'm just happy that the Crimson has called me "Harvard's mos * T3 e) u8 E, f) q! ?% x1 u
t successful dropout." I guess that makes me valedictorian of my own special c ( P8 E1 f( Y: P5 I
lass … I did the best of everyone who failed.
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我为今天在座的各位同学感到高兴,你们拿到学位可比我简单多了。哈佛的校报称我是“
* R1 `+ N j3 r8 _2 i哈佛大学历史上最成功的辍学生”。我想这大概使我有资格代表我这一类学生发言……在 % Q. \7 ^8 a% K, |4 Q
所有的失败者里,我做得最好。 4 D5 T' R1 v# @# a
8 ~3 e- E' \( z- g+ |4 S0 wBut I also want to be recognized as the guy who got Steve Ballmer to drop out
) G% D% L) q& i- v* ]of business school. I'm a bad influence. That's why I was invited to speak at 4 |6 a" a* m, P O" y: }
your graduation. If I had spoken at your orientation, fewer of you might be he 3 `! h% Z, M2 i) A' a2 j F: A
re today.
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但是,我还要提醒大家,我使得Steve Ballmer(注:微软总经理)也从哈佛商学院退学了
! z$ y+ H5 E7 J4 A. i2 }, p。因此,我是个有着恶劣影响力的人。这就是为什么我被邀请来在你们的毕业典礼上演讲 ' f2 c& u! F3 \) ?9 a' G% B+ v9 H& i
。如果我在你们入学欢迎仪式上演讲,那么能够坚持到今天在这里毕业的人也许会少得多
& |( k0 e0 H$ G( o吧。 # F& y: |* a6 i H
8 P& b# F! e6 Z* L, e r# T8 DHarvard was just a phenomenal experience for me. Academic life was fascinating . H/ T2 c. N( o
. I used to sit in on lots of classes I hadn't even signed up for. And dorm li 5 y N! V, U8 m/ ]! V
fe was terrific. I lived up at Radcliffe, in Currier House. There were always
q) h& Q, {0 }0 elots of people in my dorm room late at night discussing things, because everyo H) [ y7 E9 @- y
ne knew I didn't worry about getting up in the morning. That's how I came to b ) V6 H5 N7 V o8 @
e the leader of the anti-social group. We clung to each other as a way of vali 6 e% o) `' d& ^% F3 z) f
dating our rejection of all those social people. ! w8 S0 N# L+ t- V" h7 j
; c' R" J8 w/ j( i" w; I# y' A对我来说,哈佛的求学经历是一段非凡的经历。校园生活很有趣,我常去旁听我没选修的 4 h$ p; L+ R+ F4 Y6 h& a8 D( S: ?
课。哈佛的课外生活也很棒,我在Radcliffe过着逍遥自在的日子。每天我的寝室里总有很
. ~$ k, C/ `( z( O* |7 S+ O多人一直待到半夜,讨论着各种事情。因为每个人都知道我从不考虑第二天早起。这使得 5 k* f3 M6 y+ ]( F6 r2 |. g8 r
我变成了校园里那些不安分学生的头头,我们互相粘在一起,做出一种拒绝所有正常学生
6 H4 b. u- {2 V: i/ m' w9 W: u的姿态。
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2 f p/ F3 B; SRadcliffe was a great place to live. There were more women up there, and most
7 g. @3 s) C, A- B( Bof the guys were science-math types. That combination offered me the best odds 1 X$ J8 M: ]4 F2 U- ]) c5 g3 X3 P1 w
, if you know what I mean. This is where I learned the sad lesson that improvi ) H$ T$ ?, ?0 h0 |4 ^
ng your odds doesn't guarantee success.
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Radcliffe是个过日子的好地方。那里的女生比男生多,而且大多数男生都是理工科的。这
. ~3 H" A2 t* b* E! c) s种状况为我创造了最好的机会,如果你们明白我的意思。可惜的是,我正是在这里学到了
( c. g m; z& n( r. M人生中悲伤的一课:机会大,并不等于你就会成功。 ! g8 r/ s+ \ C& O: \: |2 j2 D
2 D, F- }- o- }( A6 qOne of my biggest memories of Harvard came in January 1975, when I made a call
7 z4 x6 ]/ \* E# s1 K( ?1 S; o* ]/ nfrom Currier House to a company in Albuquerque that had begun making the worl
|0 \" g7 _0 Md's first personal computers. I offered to sell them software. , |4 U/ c" G- N5 C9 K N: ?
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我在哈佛最难忘的回忆之一,发生在1975年1月。那时,我从宿舍楼里给位于Albuquerque x9 e& x8 J+ D7 F% C7 Z
的一家公司打了一个电话,那家公司已经在着手制造世界上第一台个人电脑。我提出想向
& l5 \8 H2 n- g3 a' ~他们出售软件。
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I worried that they would realize I was just a student in a dorm and hang up o ! b0 z( I% T9 h9 H6 N- E
n me. Instead they said: "We're not quite ready, come see us in a month," whic 0 k9 J' [2 I5 z$ X) h7 `* G
h was a good thing, because we hadn't written the software yet. From that mome 6 g$ s" P* Z2 b" e" X4 B! v( |5 p
nt, I worked day and night on this little extra credit project that marked the
$ X6 c- i: R1 j$ I. Yend of my college education and the beginning of a remarkable journey with Mi
5 L }7 i9 X3 A9 ~: ocrosoft. " U: t. e6 p4 y% M' i8 D# b
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我很担心,他们会发觉我是一个住在宿舍的学生,从而挂断电话。但是他们却说:“我们 1 T- m! B3 L3 b# M( W+ s
还没准备好,一个月后你再来找我们吧。”这是个好消息,因为那时软件还根本没有写出 ) o$ ~" l7 S+ g7 h) Q' A% T) N
来呢。就是从那个时候起,我日以继夜地在这个小小的课外项目上工作,这导致了我学生 - `- w$ m2 J0 b, i5 w
生活的结束,以及通往微软公司的不平凡的旅程的开始。
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2 z2 Y1 P* S" [( h8 L) w" ]) @7 q. F3 @What I remember above all about Harvard was being in the midst of so much ener * f- L9 j* n/ S
gy and intelligence. It could be exhilarating, intimidating, sometimes even di
. I! V' n" x! {% v: k! o4 o4 Tscouraging, but always challenging. It was an amazing privilege – and though + }) E) }+ l+ C% P+ I3 k' {
I left early, I was transformed by my years at Harvard, the friendships I made
. R3 Q0 K; w1 E9 v8 t+ ^$ v) @, and the ideas I worked on. # P2 p# s3 s' K+ }# T' Y
& e8 X% u$ V6 L v) P# ]不管怎样,我对哈佛的回忆主要都与充沛的精力和智力活动有关。哈佛的生活令人愉快,
o8 a+ b, I5 ?9 J- _$ t也令人感到有压力,有时甚至会感到泄气,但永远充满了挑战性。生活在哈佛是一种吸引 & i2 t1 `4 V: C+ l0 d3 h* P
人的特殊待遇……虽然我离开得比较早,但是我在这里的经历、在这里结识的朋友、在这 " g- P5 [) z) o q, O+ `' j4 e
里发展起来的一些想法,永远地改变了我。 2 v4 h# [1 O9 r1 s. L! v/ x# `0 F
% g0 }5 f/ m8 e7 P2 U% pBut taking a serious look back … I do have one big regret. 1 W& _0 l( J6 `6 B# [3 E1 W
* F. L" S' E) V! p# r" J) S3 Z但是,如果现在严肃地回忆起来,我确实有一个真正的遗憾。
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I left Harvard with no real awareness of the awful inequities in the world –
: {) @9 u# D$ z5 F/ K4 nthe appalling disparities of health, and wealth, and opportunity that condemn
% ` E# m9 e; ?# q3 Fmillions of people to lives of despair. - R: K1 J8 Z7 e* e) _ k8 V$ G
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我离开哈佛的时候,根本没有意识到这个世界是多么的不平等。人类在健康、财富和机遇
/ g& V/ b1 V& ^& Y) O8 b: \$ ]上的不平等大得可怕,它们使得无数的人们被迫生活在绝望之中。 ( F; t1 f+ H: u! e% I- [
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I learned a lot here at Harvard about new ideas in economics and politics. I g
; h$ h5 R- h( o( Y1 O7 C+ ]ot great exposure to the advances being made in the sciences.
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我在哈佛学到了很多经济学和政治学的新思想。我也了解了很多科学上的新进展。
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But humanity's greatest advances are not in its discoveries – but in how thos
% A$ j' S! Q. Z- ]e discoveries are applied to reduce inequity. Whether through democracy, stron
8 j. s- }1 t9 f) A' ]. V1 gg public education, quality health care, or broad economic opportunity – redu
, j, M% p I: J! ^& z5 ~- ~# ucing inequity is the highest human achievement.
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" j2 K0 y5 Z9 n) h: T; U0 ~- s, [但是,人类最大的进步并不来自于这些发现,而是来自于那些有助于减少人类不平等的发
1 o$ R% L2 T+ ^现。不管通过何种手段——民主制度、健全的公共教育体系、高质量的医疗保健、还是广
5 S+ i5 }- s& ?$ N) x9 d! ]泛的经济机会——减少不平等始终是人类最大的成就。 2 e& n) ^1 U! S9 e
7 ?9 P. `2 W. H+ |) lI left campus knowing little about the millions of young people cheated out of 3 j$ ]+ V+ c0 c3 K2 U" U, N( l) @
educational opportunities here in this country. And I knew nothing about the + F! y; ^5 @( q
millions of people living in unspeakable poverty and disease in developing cou - ?3 P" O4 \* f' n. }
ntries. * H9 {; m) v q+ ]% s* ?
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我离开校园的时候,根本不知道在这个国家里,有几百万的年轻人无法获得接受教育的机
$ S* E8 q& P8 D6 N& C( Z5 H会。我也不知道,发展中国家里有无数的人们生活在无法形容的贫穷和疾病之中。 + p. Y) ?% z8 \: A: c0 e2 b; Y
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It took me decades to find out. 0 j9 _7 T/ z+ h- I5 v
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我花了几十年才明白了这些事情。
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! n3 N Y6 g5 C/ ]* k$ T& aYou graduates came to Harvard at a different time. You know more about the wor & m" ~/ l- Q+ F7 ]' \2 k& D$ ?1 y
ld's inequities than the classes that came before. In your years here, I hope & c7 @, q8 P' `/ F
you've had a chance to think about how – in this age of accelerating technolo
+ R4 \* T1 q! P2 ^5 ]7 cgy – we can finally take on these inequities, and we can solve them.
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b# ]: A5 O m# o: G在座的各位同学,你们是在与我不同的时代来到哈佛的。你们比以前的学生,更多地了解 , Q* Z3 o% e$ i( D+ _6 ~) [
世界是怎样的不平等。在你们的哈佛求学过程中,我希望你们已经思考过一个问题,那就 ; `* D, y. m7 P: B
是在这个新技术加速发展的时代,我们怎样最终应对这种不平等,以及我们怎样来解决这
- H- O: z4 S$ K* H4 k个问题。
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Imagine, just for the sake of discussion, that you had a few hours a week and " ]& W1 `, r. R. a
a few dollars a month to donate to a cause – and you wanted to spend that tim
9 g! ^1 o# Z3 u# g* J( Ze and money where it would have the greatest impact in saving and improving li
1 t# Q- _. Y' N" ?0 G g" Nves. Where would you spend it?
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为了讨论的方便,请想象一下,假如你每个星期可以捐献一些时间、每个月可以捐献一些
" F& ?# h7 e1 c! L钱——你希望这些时间和金钱,可以用到对拯救生命和改善人类生活有最大作用的地方。
( Z% T3 s( D( k8 G你会选择什么地方?
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For Melinda and for me, the challenge is the same: how can we do the most good
( }+ c" B; Q1 Y$ U/ b: A4 Afor the greatest number with the resources we have.
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对Melinda(注:盖茨的妻子)和我来说,这也是我们面临的问题:我们如何能将我们拥有 5 }7 \' i. h) o& s0 @6 j: B" M
的资源发挥出最大的作用。
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+ U* Y; y, E8 C5 u( ?6 ODuring our discussions on this question, Melinda and I read an article about t
4 y* _. Z6 @* Q9 U" Q2 f! Nhe millions of children who were dying every year in poor countries from disea
2 a3 s! V, y- dses that we had long ago made harmless in this country. Measles, malaria, pneu ! e$ c9 S" v7 \: Y
monia, hepatitis B, yellow fever. One disease I had never even heard of, rotav
+ k, c J8 e5 D9 g2 q! girus, was killing half a million kids each year – none of them in the United ) w' n) Z1 }8 w4 |6 W7 Z( l' m% x
States. n. v5 `2 I( K2 ^" R
7 j6 B! k8 ^4 f A( k7 o: v9 x ?在讨论过程中,Melinda和我读到了一篇文章,里面说在那些贫穷的国家,每年有数百万的 4 Q1 i) ?% r( ?3 L0 @6 ^5 ^
儿童死于那些在美国早已不成问题的疾病。麻疹、疟疾、肺炎、乙型肝炎、黄热病、还有
m5 q2 T' C8 w9 F! ?& Y, F一种以前我从未听说过的轮状病毒,这些疾病每年导致50万儿童死亡,但是在美国一例死 3 y/ H0 Q- I' o
亡病例也没有。
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We were shocked. We had just assumed that if millions of children were dying a n% w: i" O U* G* i, b
nd they could be saved, the world would make it a priority to discover and del 2 k, ^' @9 n% u W$ t9 ~& s- J
iver the medicines to save them. But it did not. For under a dollar, there wer 7 [6 y) y5 s' @% h* S
e interventions that could save lives that just weren't being delivered.
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我们被震惊了。我们想,如果几百万儿童正在死亡线上挣扎,而且他们是可以被挽救的, % D: ?+ n- B# I! r: T$ f
那么世界理应将用药物拯救他们作为头等大事。但是事实并非如此。那些价格还不到一美 3 O6 Y9 x& T# t' F
元的救命的药剂,并没有送到他们的手中。
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& B: W. v- V' [/ F0 _3 w1 k. uIf you believe that every life has equal value, it's revolting to learn that s 3 P) C( q! d4 M6 f. o
ome lives are seen as worth saving and others are not. We said to ourselves: " : S; B m2 k% Y+ R
This can't be true. But if it is true, it deserves to be the priority of our g ( F6 F4 t4 E8 L9 F
iving." ; A7 c g4 c) Y! f) I& L1 Q
& G4 W# u" `- q/ S: }
如果你相信每个生命都是平等的,那么当你发现某些生命被挽救了,而另一些生命被放弃
1 {7 U7 Y3 B* w' k; n& ?了,你会感到无法接受。我们对自己说:“事情不可能如此。如果这是真的,那么它理应
+ b- F, d! k! Q t. W是我们努力的头等大事。”
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So we began our work in the same way anyone here would begin it. We asked: "Ho
5 Z5 G0 ^7 C& u& aw could the world let these children die?"
6 U! e- m" f- J6 y# S7 `, A, r& X8 P/ ~ p0 ~2 [0 S) [+ v+ n( O
所以,我们用任何人都会想到的方式开始工作。我们问:“这个世界怎么可以眼睁睁看着 ; ]) m! k* @2 V9 M# R% L
这些孩子死去?”
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: l0 H/ j9 w+ _- S1 IThe answer is simple, and harsh. The market did not reward saving the lives of ' M. x" @! T3 s! G2 V4 D2 y3 h3 B% Q9 [$ f
these children, and governments did not subsidize it. So the children died be 8 p7 @# H* u# S
cause their mothers and their fathers had no power in the market and no voice
; j9 h' l# G. F8 c- Lin the system.
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% S6 Q* S4 E4 \# A! V: K答案很简单,也很令人难堪。在市场经济中,拯救儿童是一项没有利润的工作,政府也不 9 z i) V. Z# Z( v
会提供补助。这些儿童之所以会死亡,是因为他们的父母在经济上没有实力,在政治上没
+ i) P/ x9 B/ f& m1 ?有能力发出声音。
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/ A- @; i! V/ {( W nBut you and I have both.
! ]! k2 d) b# `3 ?! r+ r0 ^* J1 O4 ]8 x# T4 p: J H' u
但是,你们和我在经济上有实力,在政治上能够发出声音。 : D2 A* r: Q' ~4 o
3 [$ f/ i) z/ G& W. L8 `We can make market forces work better for the poor if we can develop a more cr
5 s+ {# I2 _3 C J( Meative capitalism – if we can stretch the reach of market forces so that more
/ ?. N+ w, ^# D; ]/ Z& M8 e' Ipeople can make a profit, or at least make a living, serving people who are s
( [& v0 u5 P$ X( Wuffering from the worst inequities. We also can press governments around the w
$ q( ]6 F; k+ a* }: H. D5 E/ \orld to spend taxpayer money in ways that better reflect the values of the peo , t, I l$ V# ]. y) Q) O+ {
ple who pay the taxes.
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; x/ A+ L6 I8 R9 F. \$ G我们可以让市场更好地为穷人服务,如果我们能够设计出一种更有创新性的资本主义制度
+ E: p6 E G& n+ P& x——如果我们可以改变市场,让更多的人可以获得利润,或者至少可以维持生活——那么 3 m" j+ L9 f& J$ ]% X- ?
,这就可以帮到那些正在极端不平等的状况中受苦的人们。我们还可以向全世界的政府施
1 ^; w; d$ Q) W# F3 [2 C压,要求他们将纳税人的钱,花到更符合纳税人价值观的地方。
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If we can find approaches that meet the needs of the poor in ways that generat : y% }8 i" H* p/ V
e profits for business and votes for politicians, we will have found a sustain
; `: f& I. N3 ?7 P5 G* }able way to reduce inequity in the world. This task is open-ended. It can neve 3 [$ M& y: T8 i* S/ T+ x) l7 u
r be finished. But a conscious effort to answer this challenge will change the , y: Q! e! m/ i( S" U" n2 r+ T2 {
world.
. N) X0 w9 v: y+ z# a' z6 @' Y& m( K9 W8 ?# P$ G7 c
如果我们能够找到这样一种方法,既可以帮到穷人,又可以为商人带来利润,为政治家带
9 ~8 K1 A! Y9 B& C8 s1 L# s来选票,那么我们就找到了一种减少世界性不平等的可持续的发展道路。这个任务是无限
" Q% d$ m& B$ M! U+ e# n# l的。它不可能被完全完成,但是任何自觉地解决这个问题的尝试,都将会改变这个世界。
- c$ C5 V5 z/ |* c$ H+ c- V- Y* q$ K& D6 g' s
# l. T( [( i# }% u6 g, j: BI am optimistic that we can do this, but I talk to skeptics who claim there is
4 Z% e8 L# z! \6 V pno hope. They say: "Inequity has been with us since the beginning, and will b # N! U9 h. m- g5 q5 Y
e with us till the end – because people just … don't … care." I completely
$ y2 _) m+ E1 `) K( Xdisagree.
+ K0 U" \5 B- u) L# N
$ N# W! E6 f# f* G" y, k3 u% g L在这个问题上,我是乐观的。但是,我也遇到过那些感到绝望的怀疑主义者。他们说:“ 5 y& r6 L' `$ t1 P" R! @
不平等从人类诞生的第一天就存在,到人类灭亡的最后一天也将存在。——因为人类对这 4 x) k- `. S( D9 W# o- U7 U( n+ l
个问题根本不在乎。”我完全不能同意这种观点。
1 m- Y0 l% ~$ B2 {) W
) j" E1 n) q: p9 |I believe we have more caring than we know what to do with. ( ^/ s0 u+ H& [2 g' z) K N' O
& a" o( L. _3 i! d
我相信,问题不是我们不在乎,而是我们不知道怎么做。
& m3 j7 L+ E% x1 l. n" x) b
: R$ t7 U Y' rAll of us here in this Yard, at one time or another, have seen human tragedies
5 M2 J- m- _( B- [# dthat broke our hearts, and yet we did nothing – not because we didn't care,
# H9 N, s) w* K. ~$ }) gbut because we didn't know what to do. If we had known how to help, we would h
0 ^' p& i/ t2 N- y! a8 S5 eave acted.
5 n* [- K# ? o/ ?0 F7 |+ v4 o
q" _8 y8 G0 A6 W& @9 x此刻在这个院子里的所有人,生命中总有这样或那样的时刻,目睹人类的悲剧,感到万分 7 a& @+ c. x7 P+ P u0 n
伤心。但是我们什么也没做,并非我们无动于衷,而是因为我们不知道做什么和怎么做。 9 P* D5 P# e# e$ I' \; g5 ^/ g
如果我们知道如何做是有效的,那么我们就会采取行动。 s) r( S9 P' S+ d) O6 G
0 q2 c W" `5 k1 g# q% g8 wThe barrier to change is not too little caring; it is too much complexity.
, g: S+ h! P/ e8 n- t1 p' s- o
9 p, x$ R8 L2 M3 Y改变世界的阻碍,并非人类的冷漠,而是世界实在太复杂。
$ f" S; z: v6 |) u, O# T- A3 ^5 g9 j8 R
+ G3 }9 V/ u2 ]5 Y0 I/ wTo turn caring into action, we need to see a problem, see a solution, and see
6 \. g4 p. |+ ethe impact. But complexity blocks all three steps. 3 l) \& X/ q- L$ r4 v% K0 a
- C! R7 L: ?8 q V& @
为了将关心转变为行动,我们需要找到问题,发现解决办法的方法,评估后果。但是世界 6 n" A6 U% p3 r( z3 I+ e) W) _
的复杂性使得所有这些步骤都难于做到。 0 x% W( h% x, ^1 J$ R+ \
+ @* H" O" z! a( H$ {
Even with the advent of the Internet and 24-hour news, it is still a complex e
* M4 Y5 s# x; Onterprise to get people to truly see the problems. When an airplane crashes, o
& b; r2 o6 p0 h' |fficials immediately call a press conference. They promise to investigate, det , c# K3 `3 L0 Z" W+ q! m
ermine the cause, and prevent similar crashes in the future.
' P; M, T+ C+ C/ W0 S3 V9 @8 R L1 c- i9 X
即使有了互联网和24小时直播的新闻台,让人们真正发现问题所在,仍然十分困难。当一
( Q0 \/ `! J& L; v) c- o* F架飞机坠毁了,官员们会立刻召开新闻发布会,他们承诺进行调查、找到原因、防止将来 . G/ G, B; J* h* z; F
再次发生类似事故。
2 S3 O- D5 C. r
. x( q+ O& q* D. ^) K& H% O+ V& MBut if the officials were brutally honest, they would say: "Of all the people % p8 v- H$ Q$ e6 o) e; U
in the world who died today from preventable causes, one half of one percent o L9 n3 X \: g6 D" H9 |- e* Y
f them were on this plane. We're determined to do everything possible to solve % j. P# o2 R7 W* }9 o. K
the problem that took the lives of the one half of one percent."
/ }; z% T; W# L: Y( `
5 O0 V" G. ?& i8 c# Y但是如果那些官员敢说真话,他们就会说:“在今天这一天,全世界所有可以避免的死亡
; J+ v: f. H6 y! i; j之中,只有0.5%的死者来自于这次空难。我们决心尽一切努力,调查这个0.5%的死亡原因 4 t( [0 K& n" G: {8 E( t. r: }) p
。”
/ t2 c; P0 f- n6 a- N6 Y! A' L' C% W" f1 p$ b
The bigger problem is not the plane crash, but the millions of preventable dea
4 |7 h$ m& t" r, C- {0 X, J& Gths. 0 s7 T1 U& V8 k1 D
7 x/ T- @# n1 H L; n2 |. H/ S显然,更重要的问题不是这次空难,而是其他几百万可以预防的死亡事件。 9 T' M* ]4 i6 I/ X- q* R2 z: K6 L
, b2 p/ n7 c6 I9 i( M# a! TWe don't read much about these deaths. The media covers what's new – and mill + \) H8 L: w: r9 q1 ^
ions of people dying is nothing new. So it stays in the background, where it's - L* D( @7 J, d, `0 X0 ~
easier to ignore. But even when we do see it or read about it, it's difficult
' y2 W k8 E% U2 T5 V" m$ uto keep our eyes on the problem. It's hard to look at suffering if the situat
0 M% X0 s; r' m+ _5 i- Q* M( Eion is so complex that we don't know how to help. And so we look away. & i1 F) Q* z# e7 y5 U( x2 b
( t9 ?; [/ m- w! A" r$ p
我们并没有很多机会了解那些死亡事件。媒体总是报告新闻,几百万人将要死去并非新闻 ' k3 b8 z5 j3 b" T. Q7 V
。如果没有人报道,那么这些事件就很容易被忽视。另一方面,即使我们确实目睹了事件 4 N% P. L* `8 `) B8 Q5 i; g
本身或者看到了相关报道,我们也很难持续关注这些事件。看着他人受苦是令人痛苦的,
$ Z" X, y6 p& b2 d何况问题又如此复杂,我们根本不知道如何去帮助他人。所以我们会将脸转过去。
( e- V$ P" a/ u* m; t$ d+ U9 n) F4 _$ U9 E1 _) t8 L% I! q
If we can really see a problem, which is the first step, we come to the second
: M# t8 d5 \4 |: p9 |5 K2 Jstep: cutting through the complexity to find a solution. ; E$ u* B; a) x, h# W" O% p
! ?2 G8 ^2 \5 _就算我们真正发现了问题所在,也不过是迈出了第一步,接着还有第二步:那就是从复杂 $ ~( p3 l' ~$ Q* i
的事件中找到解决办法。
6 o9 V/ S* l! V8 M6 M6 j' m. Q+ N4 s( R) I \) {; }, g0 m0 ~3 t
Finding solutions is essential if we want to make the most of our caring. If w
9 ~( w' v; V/ M! C& I+ j- H3 Ie have clear and proven answers anytime an organization or individual asks "Ho
, U: ~& ^& d5 S8 z7 ww can I help?," then we can get action – and we can make sure that none of th
% ~4 Q$ m. `" n7 k, V! {1 ae caring in the world is wasted. But complexity makes it hard to mark a path o
4 q1 |1 L# q8 _( O) xf action for everyone who cares — and that makes it hard for their caring to
y* `" P0 D" `6 ~: f6 m6 Bmatter.
: n2 K; q+ v" r) f: ^
) U* t0 _: M+ Q" P7 \如果我们要让关心落到实处,我们就必须找到解决办法。如果我们有一个清晰的和可靠的 + j$ f' n- R) S8 t7 x
答案,那么当任何组织和个人发出疑问“如何我能提供帮助”的时候,我们就能采取行动 % F8 o# C* B5 b1 M
。我们就能够保证不浪费一丁点全世界人类对他人的关心。但是,世界的复杂性使得很难 ! j! b- `& O9 q% h1 `! Y. R
找到对全世界每一个有爱心的人都有效的行动方法,因此人类对他人的关心往往很难产生 + }1 _1 ?+ Q* C/ h9 u% V1 [
实际效果。 % ]- Y# A* N+ Z$ x9 I
2 X; S4 I9 D' R
Cutting through complexity to find a solution runs through four predictable st
! @( x4 Q$ z* a3 t: o5 sages: determine a goal, find the highest-leverage approach, discover the ideal
; g8 W( ?1 S$ O, vtechnology for that approach, and in the meantime, make the smartest applicat # u. A0 @" M& v$ Z
ion of the technology that you already have — whether it's something sophisti
+ }: n" @# l0 _/ u7 l4 T! q/ k" icated, like a drug, or something simpler, like a bednet. # W8 x% d4 o p, \* d
1 p% U/ |/ T/ }7 R% U- }
从这个复杂的世界中找到解决办法,可以分为四个步骤:确定目标,找到最高效的方法, # e' b1 a* [' D. E k
发现适用于这个方法的新技术,同时最聪明地利用现有的技术,不管它是复杂的药物,还 , E) w* @- o; p& c
是最简单的蚊帐。 9 A% G) R0 W. I0 o% p% f) \
: J5 P ?# W" U, b1 S1 xThe AIDS epidemic offers an example. The broad goal, of course, is to end the
1 ?6 F9 ]& a5 R$ t) ^0 c& Y1 Vdisease. The highest-leverage approach is prevention. The ideal technology wou
( R: G6 Q, x3 a& a2 W8 ^$ uld be a vaccine that gives lifetime immunity with a single dose. So government 9 ~6 K/ @8 e8 N0 n* y
s, drug companies, and foundations fund vaccine research. But their work is li 1 ~; u' K' @' \: U( U
kely to take more than a decade, so in the meantime, we have to work with what
7 R& Y# F( C9 n# ?we have in hand – and the best prevention approach we have now is getting pe
7 [$ a6 o# F- C" `; o3 x9 d2 {ople to avoid risky behavior.
( |/ x1 k9 g g9 G* {( M) M) G
+ Z- o" P5 \8 r' k艾滋病就是一个例子。总的目标,毫无疑问是消灭这种疾病。最高效的方法是预防。最理
; H7 l$ N- r* g; Q& Z5 q/ i, b+ F想的技术是发明一种疫苗,只要注射一次,就可以终生免疫。所以,政府、制药公司、基
( r& \" x+ F. q" g2 j金会应该资助疫苗研究。但是,这样研究工作很可能十年之内都无法完成。因此,与此同
( x3 q) Y( ~* Y+ K$ n时,我们必须使用现有的技术,目前最有效的预防方法就是设法让人们避免那些危险的行
& n9 p3 k% F5 b& g2 w为。
/ v- w" c7 v6 _5 w R3 ?5 j+ c! k7 E5 K: m8 R* \9 K
Pursuing that goal starts the four-step cycle again. This is the pattern. The 2 }% z+ M+ s, y
crucial thing is to never stop thinking and working – and never do what we di
o% z& V" ?2 K a9 o2 pd with malaria and tuberculosis in the 20th century – which is to surrender t , c7 k' z; S: {1 y. f& n" N* z7 o
o complexity and quit.
: k5 K5 H* |, U" j% n2 ^; d1 q
( x, z& C' [7 M$ D要实现这个新的目标,又可以采用新的四步循环。这是一种模式。关键的东西是永远不要
8 F& \4 u8 @* V6 h停止思考和行动。我们千万不能再犯上个世纪在疟疾和肺结核上犯过的错误,那时我们因
. j, _$ ?) r0 ]/ |$ p为它们太复杂,而放弃了采取行动。
* W4 o4 U, \7 {0 l6 E+ ~+ z
q. _. w6 |3 GThe final step – after seeing the problem and finding an approach – is to me ( U$ b9 }, K" J% E- f- R% N R' Y
asure the impact of your work and share your successes and failures so that ot ) H" b; g% ^" Q# t# l& Y$ M) T
hers learn from your efforts.
/ r1 I( a4 O5 x/ }7 V2 _& \ O. a3 a2 s0 H6 o+ w
在发现问题和找到解决方法之后,就是最后一步——评估工作结果,将你的成功经验或者 $ t; v' P( n: z, s. H/ Y- j) C. S
失败经验传播出去,这样其他人就可以从你的努力中有所收获。
! }$ x0 z. A+ t9 T0 V, ^- }' q4 O2 G" o
You have to have the statistics, of course. You have to be able to show that a 6 g9 Q, X% n2 g' X+ I8 o" T, c
program is vaccinating millions more children. You have to be able to show a ) t. _ t- n; ^
decline in the number of children dying from these diseases. This is essential " I4 D0 { N3 {, `) B
not just to improve the program, but also to help draw more investment from b + x# k9 Q, L7 h
usiness and government. 7 T: n: ?3 S; T
# M$ q7 Q. b/ ?7 `" A3 N, A" ]+ G当然,你必须有一些统计数字。你必须让他人知道,你的项目为几百万儿童新接种了疫苗 , }3 n! t' H) \, q
。你也必须让他人知道,儿童死亡人数下降了多少。这些都是很关键的,不仅有利于改善
# w0 n! |1 [+ m" v项目效果,也有利于从商界和政府得到更多的帮助。
; _) q5 E( f! h* A8 n5 _) V U' w; y6 V9 Q2 h
But if you want to inspire people to participate, you have to show more than n 5 A8 {1 R3 Q3 e/ u) f) e
umbers; you have to convey the human impact of the work – so people can feel
3 N+ n( L8 }9 Z- v4 ^) _5 H$ K, O) |what saving a life means to the families affected. ( {; T! x3 f8 g! k0 `
" c+ I7 Z7 B( P7 @
但是,这些还不够,如果你想激励其他人参加你的项目,你就必须拿出更多的统计数字;
/ P( P$ u7 C7 E4 I- s你必须展示你的项目的人性因素,这样其他人就会感到拯救一个生命,对那些处在困境中
( u9 r0 ~3 m5 Y的家庭到底意味着什么。 " N) l1 y* n3 y
5 ]# ]) J- N( U- _9 F7 U( b: dI remember going to Davos some years back and sitting on a global health panel 9 P& P7 t1 J! {% m7 b
that was discussing ways to save millions of lives. Millions! Think of the th - \' n& M) O: T% C
rill of saving just one person's life – then multiply that by millions. … Ye 8 o! }3 H; }! T8 ]7 \3 U" j' } V
t this was the most boring panel I've ever been on – ever. So boring even I c
! S( V, i7 u) F0 { S) b" U, h7 I3 Gouldn't bear it.
+ w& L2 ]# k8 s2 F5 `3 }/ _( Y( t3 u- q
6 U+ R: ?7 q* m+ h& x0 W; }几年前,我去瑞士达沃斯旁听一个全球健康问题论坛,会议的内容有关于如何拯救几百万
* M& M0 b% y' U2 @1 F条生命。天哪,是几百万!想一想吧,拯救一个人的生命已经让人何等激动,现在你要把 - I: @1 H. F/ k8 V7 R7 `
这种激动再乘上几百万倍……但是,不幸的是,这是我参加过的最最乏味的论坛,乏味到 $ T) ]& q' s: w7 V) E
我无法强迫自己听下去。 9 @; h* C, q; v/ }
5 X0 q2 G& e$ j6 M( a
What made that experience especially striking was that I had just come from an 5 U$ T* c2 r8 x# [
event where we were introducing version 13 of some piece of software, and we 4 P! G# H" ^6 J3 p8 y! `
had people jumping and shouting with excitement. I love getting people excited * A" P( ] s- W( X' @
about software – but why can't we generate even more excitement for saving l " m% w, K8 N: j, T$ H, S7 S
ives? 5 P, I' z1 S# L- n% r+ u1 G1 D+ {
" C, j! l& q6 V1 W; v7 Y那次经历之所以让我难忘,是因为之前我们刚刚发布了一个软件的第13个版本,我们让观
5 `; E) o2 Y6 P$ _众激动得跳了起来,喊出了声。我喜欢人们因为软件而感到激动,那么我们为什么不能够
5 `, k$ x; p# Q7 G. d- {让人们因为能够拯救生命而感到更加激动呢?
; }" s9 S; }, T: g/ Y, j4 a) f! q! o" t
You can't get people excited unless you can help them see and feel the impact. 3 E" j' W0 u, s- X6 {& B5 Y# |
And how you do that – is a complex question.
; a' W5 i- c2 o) o8 u4 |( U3 ]' ?: N: U# K* m+ c9 ]* w' v
除非你能够让人们看到或者感受到行动的影响力,否则你无法让人们激动。如何做到这一
" ^1 o1 n0 s2 v) Y* p+ R点,并不是一件简单的事。 - B7 C( I4 V6 }" p% n/ @2 P6 O
. v1 P% w+ e& G7 T7 \
Still, I'm optimistic. Yes, inequity has been with us forever, but the new too 7 B# _- \( K' Z; [* J
ls we have to cut through complexity have not been with us forever. They are n
# W2 o' |* [+ M2 b; zew – they can help us make the most of our caring – and that's why the futur & q* o" w$ E# [& Z
e can be different from the past.
- |) j% u# u" T8 m3 l3 r o( A" Y2 k' j/ M
同前面一样,在这个问题上,我依然是乐观的。不错,人类的不平等有史以来一直存在,
' M9 l4 `, o8 W4 H但是那些能够化繁为简的新工具,却是最近才出现的。这些新工具可以帮助我们,将人类
1 F. F8 q$ [- Z) K1 k. a的同情心发挥最大的作用,这就是为什么将来同过去是不一样的。
6 V$ f7 c( l: _7 ?: M% L7 Z
0 v( W7 S* R2 A EThe defining and ongoing innovations of this age – biotechnology, the compute
& j I# I5 x+ O1 jr, the Internet – give us a chance we've never had before to end extreme pove - n# a) B9 N9 G% R
rty and end death from preventable disease.
2 w8 }0 ~" o/ `% j+ S
7 J) t9 P3 H* A2 d( C这个时代无时无刻不在涌现出新的革新——生物技术,计算机,互联网——它们给了我们 , w5 |3 N+ S3 \: Y
一个从未有过的机会,去终结那些极端的贫穷和非恶性疾病的死亡。
1 ?/ G5 `/ D4 y0 u7 u7 R
- ]2 F! r: l" b3 BSixty years ago, George Marshall came to this commencement and announced a pla
' I! U0 D4 I% |5 f+ V6 R; Tn to assist the nations of post-war Europe. He said: "I think one difficulty i
2 S0 _8 J0 b" Q' `! ns that the problem is one of such enormous complexity that the very mass of fa : W* |% E, i# j4 b* z R3 ?9 }
cts presented to the public by press and radio make it exceedingly difficult f 0 E% ^ \7 j9 ~( {$ H% o6 F9 O
or the man in the street to reach a clear appraisement of the situation. It is % A$ r7 J9 ^) m8 m9 C9 W
virtually impossible at this distance to grasp at all the real significance o
9 B: I- A+ I2 R. O2 i6 n" \f the situation." ( i7 J/ B2 o4 j U
* T3 I) J- x+ X
六十年前,乔治·马歇尔也是在这个地方的毕业典礼上,宣布了一个计划,帮助那些欧洲 $ k: F9 ^- w! v; e+ F% v
国家的战后建设。他说:“我认为,困难的一点是这个问题太复杂,报纸和电台向公众源 0 t5 S; u- v, l& f5 t
源不断地提供各种事实,使得大街上的普通人极端难于清晰地判断形势。事实上,经过层
" b% X* X" E# R. E层传播,想要真正地把握形势,是根本不可能的。”
1 p/ [ c6 {) r& ?4 b* E
" U. e5 ^1 G9 N4 G. e* i$ e2 @% s8 KThirty years after Marshall made his address, as my class graduated without me $ X) g& K3 G3 `# j" S5 S+ R% }
, technology was emerging that would make the world smaller, more open, more v - U \' \* g3 V ^
isible, less distant.
E7 J. N: E. o0 s0 p! E+ Z9 L3 u, B9 e5 n
马歇尔发表这个演讲之后的三十年,我那一届学生毕业,当然我不在其中。那时,新技术 , L5 I) x1 a7 M% n
刚刚开始萌芽,它们将使得这个世界变得更小、更开放、更容易看到、距离更近。
; _3 d) I5 L; ^. O2 z: ~' G, G
4 b/ a5 [; R: b3 i. z0 LThe emergence of low-cost personal computers gave rise to a powerful network t
$ w* f7 [/ e e1 dhat has transformed opportunities for learning and communicating.
6 X# c( H2 e$ [% M4 L" L0 w- U: T: w, o+ e J
低成本的个人电脑的出现,使得一个强大的互联网有机会诞生,它为学习和交流提供了巨 ' v$ k7 H9 M1 g) _$ A
大的机会。 / T4 R% s1 E1 O
% A* Z% v2 W8 c) ?( \4 {The magical thing about this network is not just that it collapses distance an $ A- q# S i: x3 B; C
d makes everyone your neighbor. It also dramatically increases the number of b
/ h& ]6 s' L% g7 hrilliant minds we can have working together on the same problem – and that sc * j8 z- j9 }# G; _, V: [
ales up the rate of innovation to a staggering degree. % \; b. G. ~5 Z! x
5 S, T. G0 O5 x; y P! C网络的神奇之处,不仅仅是它缩短了物理距离,使得天涯若比邻。它还极大地增加了怀有 + K4 D) o7 X* K
共同想法的人们聚集在一起的机会,我们可以为了解决同一个问题,一起共同工作。这就
! ?1 V. C2 R7 J( N2 s$ \0 E大大加快了革新的进程,发展速度简直快得让人震惊。
% m, b8 x1 s) X. x0 j) N8 n$ m3 \# z7 `! N( M1 S" f
At the same time, for every person in the world who has access to this technol 0 s2 C3 q* u8 U1 S/ A- \; t
ogy, five people don't. That means many creative minds are left out of this di / M' q$ n9 F- K% {$ u. o
scussion -- smart people with practical intelligence and relevant experience w / \7 D! J: d: n- ~4 g
ho don't have the technology to hone their talents or contribute their ideas t
( t( q q2 U1 O% ^; S( Ro the world.
3 X5 x4 Z1 u2 C: K# q
7 f3 m$ O+ g' Y1 d与此同时,世界上有条件上网的人,只是全部人口的六分之一。这意味着,还有许多具有 9 h- }) A' c9 n! e& n
创造性的人们,没有加入到我们的讨论中来。那些有着实际的操作经验和相关经历的聪明
. u- J! Z8 M' u+ i0 W# s, v0 z人,却没有技术来帮助他们,将他们的天赋或者想法与全世界分享。 / \! y2 I6 e N. c
' P) b. O: }# b G! \! XWe need as many people as possible to have access to this technology, because
' W( K! b: D1 g7 {these advances are triggering a revolution in what human beings can do for one * C( ?3 T2 N6 b+ C4 N
another. They are making it possible not just for national governments, but f
+ l; A& v% t( R- wor universities, corporations, smaller organizations, and even individuals to
0 E+ c# o* x ]) x$ U- T0 u7 J" gsee problems, see approaches, and measure the impact of their efforts to addre 4 e/ I5 \5 t; b8 U6 D( G
ss the hunger, poverty, and desperation George Marshall spoke of 60 years ago. * d2 o7 G1 S# Y/ J) o9 J' W
' f: y5 U7 }9 e: m( K% e' V
$ [$ r- C" Z2 t# t我们需要尽可能地让更多的人有机会使用新技术,因为这些新技术正在引发一场革命,人 " I. r* |, [# S/ }! [
类将因此可以互相帮助。新技术正在创造一种可能,不仅是政府,还包括大学、公司、小 5 O& z. r' K* d0 _9 O' U
机构、甚至个人,能够发现问题所在、能够找到解决办法、能够评估他们努力的效果,去
' z1 e7 S: T+ Y* C6 f& ?- X改变那些马歇尔六十年前就说到过的问题——饥饿、贫穷和绝望。 / J- V& J8 H; Z% Z2 Q6 K
# Q# W. k/ X8 v* [Members of the Harvard Family: Here in the Yard is one of the great collection
, \1 J, _9 d) Q9 q. U0 e$ L7 Ms of intellectual talent in the world.
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3 u- v; l: {' Z1 C' }哈佛是一个大家庭。这个院子里在场的人们,是全世界最有智力的人类群体之一。
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What for?
" N; ~0 L% O0 c, I9 Z2 A5 u3 \9 q' X5 j$ m2 G' h: Q
我们可以做些什么? 7 [6 Z$ b: }% T& l6 p) P
# J/ o( l( J* c1 FThere is no question that the faculty, the alumni, the students, and the benef 5 c3 y2 B2 x2 F* K$ @
actors of Harvard have used their power to improve the lives of people here an
$ O$ Q* d5 {: K3 |# K* `( d: ^d around the world. But can we do more? Can Harvard dedicate its intellect to
: v6 d1 m; s* C/ gimproving the lives of people who will never even hear its name? * j6 o" q4 R! o+ L4 O
. S. ^- q& u6 s" ^- Y. m1 `
毫无疑问,哈佛的老师、校友、学生和资助者,已经用他们的能力改善了全世界各地人们
- ]: ?2 m, W" B的生活。但是,我们还能够再做什么呢?有没有可能,哈佛的人们可以将他们的智慧,用 5 f: v; I, j3 K A; t! G: j
来帮助那些甚至从来没有听到过“哈佛”这个名字的人? t- w0 A1 s% S& ]3 l1 |6 _
3 b. s( F, V* o- s' G
Let me make a request of the deans and the professors – the intellectual lead ' A A; H( ^, n: B
ers here at Harvard: As you hire new faculty, award tenure, review curriculum, 1 N9 O2 D3 Y" S2 l4 y/ ?
and determine degree requirements, please ask yourselves: 1 j, F- H8 K8 Y
& g; g; ?1 Q. X! }% |
请允许我向各位院长和教授,提出一个请求——你们是哈佛的智力领袖,当你们雇用新的 # h4 Z& F' u2 ^" L3 x8 ^. R: G- {
老师、授予终身教职、评估课程、决定学位颁发标准的时候,请问你们自己如下的问题:
7 @( }2 G) K! B8 O5 M# U: k0 }: P6 A
& P7 p) G8 _* a% fShould our best minds be dedicated to solving our biggest problems? ! n9 |3 E/ Q) Q2 M1 x$ m
6 e' A/ a- C% A我们最优秀的人才是否在致力于解决我们最大的问题? 3 M8 |3 t& ^ j/ A
% ^3 U4 q7 u. G8 i% Q
Should Harvard encourage its faculty to take on the world's worst inequities?
( W S7 D: `2 m q, w9 `) cShould Harvard students learn about the depth of global poverty … the prevale
+ G& t( F+ ~) T- bnce of world hunger … the scarcity of clean water …the girls kept out of sch : b6 w. a8 G ~8 T, V# L) |9 K
ool … the children who die from diseases we can cure?
& C9 _7 K$ z- A3 Q/ v% ], [# N( _3 s5 i) m3 j- N) t* Z) `
哈佛是否鼓励她的老师去研究解决世界上最严重的不平等?哈佛的学生是否从全球那些极 ' ?- _% J+ |, N6 D. N1 c( K8 G
端的贫穷中学到了什么……世界性的饥荒……清洁的水资源的缺乏……无法上学的女童…
0 o6 {: H% T0 E…死于非恶性疾病的儿童……哈佛的学生有没有从中学到东西? ' `; P6 Q, C0 ~8 T" t S, l
* F5 M2 b8 N% r: M6 v
Should the world's most privileged people learn about the lives of the world's 8 m: g1 d3 s. A, e' x
least privileged? 8 N) U& N W1 F" D9 C
) ~5 F( z& ?' u. ?; @2 ?
那些世界上过着最优越生活的人们,有没有从那些最困难的人们身上学到东西? 2 t/ W' e# S7 Z v
; k3 ?' r0 O0 R. H* C$ k+ g
These are not rhetorical questions – you will answer with your policies. 1 |: Z# ^+ o8 S
& e5 ^9 l. P) L4 L
这些问题并非语言上的修辞。你必须用自己的行动来回答它们。
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5 T" N* a* Q% M% uMy mother, who was filled with pride the day I was admitted here – never stop
: A: U: w& }# |ped pressing me to do more for others. A few days before my wedding, she hoste
' \3 T( W p: l" ?* r- od a bridal event, at which she read aloud a letter about marriage that she had
+ Q( p& H8 j1 @% X5 dwritten to Melinda. My mother was very ill with cancer at the time, but she s , i! n2 ^$ U3 \" u
aw one more opportunity to deliver her message, and at the close of the letter
( l K( g. c6 s, Y, ?/ P9 c/ T+ Zshe said: "From those to whom much is given, much is expected." 9 n' E$ F6 Q. h
+ R5 \; w( }( @, q- U: J4 B5 z我的母亲在我被哈佛大学录取的那一天,曾经感到非常骄傲。她从没有停止督促我,去为 ' Q5 A5 e7 O* S. r% n- H
他人做更多的事情。在我结婚的前几天,她主持了一个新娘进我家的仪式。在这个仪式上 " ^$ Z& H; j& R* s" L, j
,她高声朗读了一封关于婚姻的信,这是她写给Melinda的。那时,我的母亲已经因为癌症 4 G- ?( I6 K: }6 _/ k
病入膏肓,但是她还是认为这是又一个传播她的信念的机会。在那封信的结尾,她写道: : Y8 e: b2 K* ?- a3 [9 p7 y" J
“对于那些接受了许多帮助的人们,他们还在期待更多的帮助。你的能力越大,人们对你 & q+ l g$ {1 y' w9 ^0 U' N, X
的期望也就越大。”
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When you consider what those of us here in this Yard have been given – in tal
t/ g+ n9 U1 g1 a+ V1 ?' `ent, privilege, and opportunity – there is almost no limit to what the world 5 I' L8 B0 T5 K+ N) p9 n7 p
has a right to expect from us.
/ l: `% O0 U! H0 I# D/ v1 {& _* q! }8 N; P$ Z& s
想一想吧,我们在这个院子里的这些人,被给予过什么——天赋、特权、机遇——那么可 4 u) F% S' [5 e2 e& A* y8 \# b
以这样说,全世界的人们几乎有无限的权力,期待我们做出贡献。 ' p6 @+ G* V R3 [3 B" _8 Z$ J
4 `8 c/ p- ?: Z4 v. y" K* ]$ Y4 q/ k
In line with the promise of this age, I want to exhort each of the graduates h 7 {7 {* n3 A! K2 v6 Q
ere to take on an issue – a complex problem, a deep inequity, and become a sp - }& d) P f) R* B$ z4 V$ j
ecialist on it. If you make it the focus of your career, that would be phenome & r# N1 w% n5 V- w) \
nal. But you don't have to do that to make an impact. For a few hours every we O% M; w4 y) H$ D
ek, you can use the growing power of the Internet to get informed, find others * ~, h4 k9 R: S$ x
with the same interests, see the barriers, and find ways to cut through them. 2 x$ G$ F# F( P" P
- L/ x% k$ T# y) H- B; s# S D' ]0 i! l4 w) J
同这个时代的期望一样,我也要向今天各位毕业的同学提出一个忠告:你们要选择一个问
) L$ p4 X7 e1 T题,一个复杂的问题,一个有关于人类深刻的不平等的问题,然后你们要变成这个问题的
! e" K o# |# _4 c4 y( n专家。如果你们能够使得这个问题成为你们职业的核心,那么你们就会非常杰出。但是,
7 v N( I! E7 o5 J) y( c你们不必一定要去做那些大事。每个星期只用几个小时,你就可以通过互联网得到信息, 5 @' i0 D& w4 S$ ?3 H1 F4 w
找到志同道合的朋友,发现困难所在,找到解决它们的途径。 , v2 c0 L- \0 w) B' j$ b7 W
' N* W1 j ^. I! F' `* EDon't let complexity stop you. Be activists. Take on the big inequities. It wi + [$ C" I9 w0 P ?9 r
ll be one of the great experiences of your lives. + t) ?. ^6 h& j: m3 s
3 T2 L6 D7 y' w$ X% c+ d
不要让这个世界的复杂性阻碍你前进。要成为一个行动主义者。将解决人类的不平等视为 : V4 G- F% G; E3 A! X6 _
己任。它将成为你生命中最重要的经历之一。 7 J Y w o: A, f' A; u4 n
2 p- e* a' ~6 c6 ^. P0 O3 ]
You graduates are coming of age in an amazing time. As you leave Harvard, you
& {3 B$ c5 L9 T2 q; P% F% Shave technology that members of my class never had. You have awareness of glob % R4 W8 V* ? A9 t* h; [6 W
al inequity, which we did not have. And with that awareness, you likely also h
4 n8 U9 L9 G, l+ _) [ave an informed conscience that will torment you if you abandon these people w 2 v( }6 B$ T. U" _0 B: f7 r3 X2 I
hose lives you could change with very little effort. You have more than we had ; q6 n0 ^: @& C* J2 I9 ~
; you must start sooner, and carry on longer. " s3 S, x& _/ g' d6 Z4 R' G
. Y! h) J. z' @
在座的各位毕业的同学,你们所处的时代是一个神奇的时代。当你们离开哈佛的时候,你 7 T+ S$ s9 h# O, {! f1 j. @
们拥有的技术,是我们那一届学生所没有的。你们已经了解到了世界上的不平等,我们那
1 G" c1 Z8 s7 k. I8 S1 D& `( X时还不知道这些。有了这样的了解之后,要是你再弃那些你可以帮助的人们于不顾,就将 1 Z b* n# V% g. v% B8 k
受到良心的谴责,只需一点小小的努力,你就可以改变那些人们的生活。你们比我们拥有 4 i i7 T; \3 G: ]+ m
更大的能力;你们必须尽早开始,尽可能长时期坚持下去。 ( a* B: T7 [8 E# k$ a" U' V
8 U$ _! A4 H! T* }
Knowing what you know, how could you not? ) ~0 X9 o8 G4 j) u L3 ^; W0 i' K
- B" G" S3 J. U5 K
知道了你们所知道的一切,你们怎么可能不采取行动呢?
) g9 s1 W. h% Z. [/ s4 O. m/ N( w+ P; j* x! B0 s; K
And I hope you will come back here to Harvard 30 years from now and reflect on 3 {6 w# f% m, C+ o0 z
what you have done with your talent and your energy. I hope you will judge yo 7 w: m3 I5 Z2 I* [+ q6 R* Q- @
urselves not on your professional accomplishments alone, but also on how well
# i; B6 C. B1 _3 K1 w9 G7 Fyou have addressed the world's deepest inequities … on how well you treated p
& C5 J; A' v8 C, o0 N# V6 Keople a world away who have nothing in common with you but their humanity.
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% e$ w1 C, O( l1 q8 \* O我希望,30年后你们还会再回到哈佛,想起你们用自己的天赋和能力所做出的一切。我希 - U$ a* S' A( q5 A$ v
望,在那个时候,你们用来评价自己的标准,不仅仅是你们的专业成就,而包括你们为改
' z9 Y# }" g3 p. [变这个世界深刻的不平等所做出的努力,以及你们如何善待那些远隔千山万水、与你们毫
1 S& \8 v+ ^* i1 S不涉及的人们,你们与他们唯一的共同点就是同为人类。 |
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