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2008-11-02 01:02:11 来自: lightpie(上次登录还是1.5年前.....)
/ i6 a- b6 x- l比尔·盖茨在哈佛大学毕业典礼上的演讲 9 X) e8 s" C8 b' t
3 s0 _* U2 B) I2007年6月7日
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) k) q+ h0 @$ e& J: U阮一峰 译
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6 m: B+ z2 n; g1 F# g O" kPresident Bok, former President Rudenstine, incoming President Faust, members 6 v8 y. L# [3 S1 S
of the Harvard Corporation and the Board of Overseers, members of the faculty, 7 e5 K/ z' n2 j9 S" b
parents, and especially, the graduates: . t) e" k- k8 `* X: h
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尊敬的Bok校长,Rudenstine前校长,即将上任的Faust校长,哈佛集团的各位成员,监管
$ } h9 l1 \! u# h理事会的各位理事,各位老师,各位家长,各位同学:
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I've been waiting more than 30 years to say this: "Dad, I always told you I'd
+ t2 e9 t$ f$ M# Q; b9 hcome back and get my degree."
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有一句话我等了三十年,现在终于可以说了:“老爸,我总是跟你说,我会回来拿到我的 1 D( o6 C( R; s2 X; n! }- I
学位的!”
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. i5 P6 L' u: ^1 P2 UI want to thank Harvard for this timely honor. I'll be changing my job next ye
" N. d [3 i! Q# {! j, var … and it will be nice to finally have a college degree on my resume. ' L& d6 x! m4 V. D+ R
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我要感谢哈佛大学在这个时候给我这个荣誉。明年,我就要换工作了(注:指从微软公司 2 V& L$ Y, d2 q9 c3 u
退休)……我终于可以在简历上写我有一个本科学位,这真是不错啊。
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I applaud the graduates today for taking a much more direct route to your degr / ]9 y8 L8 N+ C
ees. For my part, I'm just happy that the Crimson has called me "Harvard's mos
. o" d4 o' ]8 c: U+ vt successful dropout." I guess that makes me valedictorian of my own special c
9 O' F5 i' Y& G: Plass … I did the best of everyone who failed.
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我为今天在座的各位同学感到高兴,你们拿到学位可比我简单多了。哈佛的校报称我是“
3 H2 }7 C" `. E- p/ z. C哈佛大学历史上最成功的辍学生”。我想这大概使我有资格代表我这一类学生发言……在 + N* b+ D1 C; s6 K
所有的失败者里,我做得最好。
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) L5 n0 @7 ] b. y0 F8 ]% zBut I also want to be recognized as the guy who got Steve Ballmer to drop out * J) \1 g7 R& M- j( h
of business school. I'm a bad influence. That's why I was invited to speak at ) ]. {( r" E3 h# @: Q7 @; o
your graduation. If I had spoken at your orientation, fewer of you might be he
% R# @5 u7 _6 Y: f1 H- H Ere today. / @- H5 q# {' @9 n
/ g, O* X/ R! V但是,我还要提醒大家,我使得Steve Ballmer(注:微软总经理)也从哈佛商学院退学了
# y1 h: }$ O, m( {* F$ @% j5 B。因此,我是个有着恶劣影响力的人。这就是为什么我被邀请来在你们的毕业典礼上演讲
$ Y: f Q) A, _0 ?9 R+ d; t$ p。如果我在你们入学欢迎仪式上演讲,那么能够坚持到今天在这里毕业的人也许会少得多
+ d* l$ I, E1 R4 n3 M5 K吧。 # M, K, n; e. Q! h! j" U
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Harvard was just a phenomenal experience for me. Academic life was fascinating
J: J) y3 u4 b- x. I used to sit in on lots of classes I hadn't even signed up for. And dorm li
3 h5 c( ?3 {- Wfe was terrific. I lived up at Radcliffe, in Currier House. There were always
x& c4 I, G! J" ?, C, \lots of people in my dorm room late at night discussing things, because everyo
; X; N+ ~" o7 N' u! Ane knew I didn't worry about getting up in the morning. That's how I came to b
* ?2 K0 t5 k! q9 v* d- H0 he the leader of the anti-social group. We clung to each other as a way of vali
% `2 |: M. x; E2 [6 L9 Vdating our rejection of all those social people.
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对我来说,哈佛的求学经历是一段非凡的经历。校园生活很有趣,我常去旁听我没选修的 ) b6 I* @ H8 F7 x( t% O
课。哈佛的课外生活也很棒,我在Radcliffe过着逍遥自在的日子。每天我的寝室里总有很
+ ]0 n/ l( [2 W |( f多人一直待到半夜,讨论着各种事情。因为每个人都知道我从不考虑第二天早起。这使得
3 X) S) j1 U* \( w: ?我变成了校园里那些不安分学生的头头,我们互相粘在一起,做出一种拒绝所有正常学生
+ [- t% v4 V8 X g的姿态。
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\! g9 a' S9 D+ gRadcliffe was a great place to live. There were more women up there, and most ( r A. o1 i' E# d+ P
of the guys were science-math types. That combination offered me the best odds 0 ^9 ^- i* Z+ z7 w, n) H7 y
, if you know what I mean. This is where I learned the sad lesson that improvi 3 s. {* W* [+ w1 ?$ ~
ng your odds doesn't guarantee success. . z R# k' G& ~- ^# o0 _3 A. ~
4 r( A/ I! V8 i: @$ d6 W2 @Radcliffe是个过日子的好地方。那里的女生比男生多,而且大多数男生都是理工科的。这
) B3 w9 z; X9 W; [2 e种状况为我创造了最好的机会,如果你们明白我的意思。可惜的是,我正是在这里学到了 * ~" U" v6 Y, ~; I) b" z0 s
人生中悲伤的一课:机会大,并不等于你就会成功。
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0 v1 f2 {8 e: WOne of my biggest memories of Harvard came in January 1975, when I made a call
7 m* \% M$ j/ m6 s6 @' i N& j: Nfrom Currier House to a company in Albuquerque that had begun making the worl 3 d ~4 K+ V. O; T4 l9 N% Q
d's first personal computers. I offered to sell them software. / b& B6 [4 m* K% I5 @* e' I
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我在哈佛最难忘的回忆之一,发生在1975年1月。那时,我从宿舍楼里给位于Albuquerque
5 _- h: E2 S) q0 h2 e# T的一家公司打了一个电话,那家公司已经在着手制造世界上第一台个人电脑。我提出想向 " e. p& q0 K" P4 ^
他们出售软件。
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0 }: @! E& U/ I$ AI worried that they would realize I was just a student in a dorm and hang up o 9 Z; n6 q# S3 t1 m1 ]' v! t C4 Q
n me. Instead they said: "We're not quite ready, come see us in a month," whic 9 Y) C9 h: N2 C- S# p- c. C
h was a good thing, because we hadn't written the software yet. From that mome
& b* v: B' A7 O( c4 W' x: M& Mnt, I worked day and night on this little extra credit project that marked the 4 @3 |8 L& p* e$ R& M3 }
end of my college education and the beginning of a remarkable journey with Mi
" ~$ R _" f {1 c0 Z& O8 gcrosoft.
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我很担心,他们会发觉我是一个住在宿舍的学生,从而挂断电话。但是他们却说:“我们
4 {6 ?' F! U6 D还没准备好,一个月后你再来找我们吧。”这是个好消息,因为那时软件还根本没有写出
0 f, ~$ f4 I) `$ S* N5 p( f% h来呢。就是从那个时候起,我日以继夜地在这个小小的课外项目上工作,这导致了我学生
1 V; ^* e! o7 N/ \5 w2 G生活的结束,以及通往微软公司的不平凡的旅程的开始。
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What I remember above all about Harvard was being in the midst of so much ener ' ` c2 N$ r4 d
gy and intelligence. It could be exhilarating, intimidating, sometimes even di 1 K$ I! h) H( M$ R" `' w0 v3 D7 w
scouraging, but always challenging. It was an amazing privilege – and though
$ k& U( v7 c8 wI left early, I was transformed by my years at Harvard, the friendships I made . e. h* b; S3 _% [, K
, and the ideas I worked on. " t/ H( \( i0 v* M. a: p
( o) k9 z: f" D2 o% \- b2 C不管怎样,我对哈佛的回忆主要都与充沛的精力和智力活动有关。哈佛的生活令人愉快, 7 y: a! }, J* x0 p+ W% D( j+ H; v
也令人感到有压力,有时甚至会感到泄气,但永远充满了挑战性。生活在哈佛是一种吸引
; P0 ^6 G8 }% M# H6 n+ Z人的特殊待遇……虽然我离开得比较早,但是我在这里的经历、在这里结识的朋友、在这
3 u" [1 Q5 {! p; u1 C: z9 V里发展起来的一些想法,永远地改变了我。
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& H( m/ F# D4 h$ g8 x+ I# C6 C1 uBut taking a serious look back … I do have one big regret.
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2 R& d4 P! P E, G/ b) X; Q3 i" l( O但是,如果现在严肃地回忆起来,我确实有一个真正的遗憾。 G% f1 |6 C1 W8 [8 I
; M6 o1 l+ J8 S3 `# LI left Harvard with no real awareness of the awful inequities in the world –
- m4 u: I# x4 {% `the appalling disparities of health, and wealth, and opportunity that condemn $ q, x- H4 F8 ^, W. N
millions of people to lives of despair. 2 m6 W: d2 {, p
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我离开哈佛的时候,根本没有意识到这个世界是多么的不平等。人类在健康、财富和机遇
: r+ V2 u$ J, J$ b# K上的不平等大得可怕,它们使得无数的人们被迫生活在绝望之中。 6 I) L0 P5 q7 B6 }/ |9 `
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I learned a lot here at Harvard about new ideas in economics and politics. I g
9 W; P) s4 ^7 xot great exposure to the advances being made in the sciences. . U6 x& c* c3 h* x# r# w. C
' q6 l7 s- X1 X, N3 |9 Y5 ^我在哈佛学到了很多经济学和政治学的新思想。我也了解了很多科学上的新进展。
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But humanity's greatest advances are not in its discoveries – but in how thos * z+ W- { {- y# k: h( t& }
e discoveries are applied to reduce inequity. Whether through democracy, stron
' N7 D# @9 d c! P/ Kg public education, quality health care, or broad economic opportunity – redu
5 h9 G$ q( {( b$ qcing inequity is the highest human achievement. 9 k' A$ l) j5 S: }9 A2 B
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但是,人类最大的进步并不来自于这些发现,而是来自于那些有助于减少人类不平等的发
3 j' Q& L$ S: Q现。不管通过何种手段——民主制度、健全的公共教育体系、高质量的医疗保健、还是广 - c1 j9 U( H# ~4 W
泛的经济机会——减少不平等始终是人类最大的成就。
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% q q- u& w# F9 P! `I left campus knowing little about the millions of young people cheated out of
9 G1 ^ j* V3 x' G# z3 e- g5 H8 teducational opportunities here in this country. And I knew nothing about the 6 n6 g( ~# _7 L8 ^% V
millions of people living in unspeakable poverty and disease in developing cou " Y) t: e- D2 m/ A4 X% n5 ?# k$ }
ntries.
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我离开校园的时候,根本不知道在这个国家里,有几百万的年轻人无法获得接受教育的机
, |6 k0 N. o1 y8 `会。我也不知道,发展中国家里有无数的人们生活在无法形容的贫穷和疾病之中。 : P6 }& ]8 b0 J' R+ {% Q8 u1 i% T
# O$ B: A) Z& O8 c* M" DIt took me decades to find out.
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我花了几十年才明白了这些事情。
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3 q& H7 n* p" @You graduates came to Harvard at a different time. You know more about the wor
1 J4 S! a. [# ]7 Jld's inequities than the classes that came before. In your years here, I hope ' {/ h/ C9 `2 B
you've had a chance to think about how – in this age of accelerating technolo - g4 b" H9 g$ f! Z/ v3 { d
gy – we can finally take on these inequities, and we can solve them.
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$ x" N& V" u& h8 z在座的各位同学,你们是在与我不同的时代来到哈佛的。你们比以前的学生,更多地了解
. L6 S% w- D% p, a3 s7 x, ^世界是怎样的不平等。在你们的哈佛求学过程中,我希望你们已经思考过一个问题,那就 e* F6 q' C$ D- x. ]/ g
是在这个新技术加速发展的时代,我们怎样最终应对这种不平等,以及我们怎样来解决这 % P9 `; M A- i9 {( [, F
个问题。
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: k! D3 U$ s# r, o0 }- V2 r( GImagine, just for the sake of discussion, that you had a few hours a week and
' z' W. b- t" sa few dollars a month to donate to a cause – and you wanted to spend that tim
5 z9 n' V; C+ n5 R2 g+ \e and money where it would have the greatest impact in saving and improving li
$ |4 d' E1 ]3 t. tves. Where would you spend it? |% B0 v0 S; T7 `, V
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为了讨论的方便,请想象一下,假如你每个星期可以捐献一些时间、每个月可以捐献一些 " e- f0 T, J3 e' [3 D! c
钱——你希望这些时间和金钱,可以用到对拯救生命和改善人类生活有最大作用的地方。 - ? n% v! [# M9 w* k; t" I
你会选择什么地方?
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, O9 q9 j3 ]- t/ J2 j' FFor Melinda and for me, the challenge is the same: how can we do the most good & T" P0 e- x, c, v- H
for the greatest number with the resources we have.
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- Y2 V9 J9 z; r" F# }对Melinda(注:盖茨的妻子)和我来说,这也是我们面临的问题:我们如何能将我们拥有
2 C) p0 }1 t7 R" R1 B的资源发挥出最大的作用。
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During our discussions on this question, Melinda and I read an article about t & R. I1 q- D3 u4 w7 q. ~2 a' S
he millions of children who were dying every year in poor countries from disea
" U: X. d! N5 Ases that we had long ago made harmless in this country. Measles, malaria, pneu
# p6 Q8 G8 R$ t G- ^5 Q$ r9 \/ imonia, hepatitis B, yellow fever. One disease I had never even heard of, rotav 8 M4 x- D+ g' o0 q4 w$ ~* ~* I, `$ d
irus, was killing half a million kids each year – none of them in the United
1 H; j, O2 w& E8 iStates. 1 Y- v) L$ d# ^/ X2 S. I
; |6 J. u, g; p- a8 K4 i在讨论过程中,Melinda和我读到了一篇文章,里面说在那些贫穷的国家,每年有数百万的 ( H3 @% j0 v! `5 z& r
儿童死于那些在美国早已不成问题的疾病。麻疹、疟疾、肺炎、乙型肝炎、黄热病、还有
! a8 J6 P% D6 \; A5 W5 B: z/ b一种以前我从未听说过的轮状病毒,这些疾病每年导致50万儿童死亡,但是在美国一例死
9 o: q, V& |4 _* D" `亡病例也没有。 / o2 t0 B, ?$ F
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We were shocked. We had just assumed that if millions of children were dying a % {. _ |9 V. k7 @
nd they could be saved, the world would make it a priority to discover and del
9 B2 Z' z3 b7 C( D( x0 p* ]iver the medicines to save them. But it did not. For under a dollar, there wer
- ^9 B# l' e4 \' a/ a) i( K, |e interventions that could save lives that just weren't being delivered. " ?6 N( }, k# |& d& k6 h9 E
+ k2 r3 R4 R' f3 c! |! R' W# }- o
我们被震惊了。我们想,如果几百万儿童正在死亡线上挣扎,而且他们是可以被挽救的, 8 Q- H2 ~! b, F% u2 F% q8 p! F
那么世界理应将用药物拯救他们作为头等大事。但是事实并非如此。那些价格还不到一美 ]5 w& B* j8 h
元的救命的药剂,并没有送到他们的手中。 8 v0 e$ ?' a0 U/ R7 |3 r9 H! ^
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If you believe that every life has equal value, it's revolting to learn that s
1 J3 U8 m8 n+ i- v7 S% Gome lives are seen as worth saving and others are not. We said to ourselves: "
* g/ j( A; V# @# r% V! GThis can't be true. But if it is true, it deserves to be the priority of our g
3 ]- |' p8 m8 r0 `+ \6 @iving." 9 w: o, p1 z, @0 l6 J" A! j T
F6 y6 t7 s& c! r$ ~
如果你相信每个生命都是平等的,那么当你发现某些生命被挽救了,而另一些生命被放弃 , w4 ?( t) {/ r- h, @6 I! P
了,你会感到无法接受。我们对自己说:“事情不可能如此。如果这是真的,那么它理应
) a* J8 t, v& u3 q+ d4 _) Z+ K是我们努力的头等大事。” $ R- o! @# P' ~- [+ V/ o! e
5 }6 @7 e! y- T( GSo we began our work in the same way anyone here would begin it. We asked: "Ho
. W$ ]) I; K' B/ f5 _( A3 k3 [w could the world let these children die?" ( R+ _) \8 T. M, E; j, X5 x
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所以,我们用任何人都会想到的方式开始工作。我们问:“这个世界怎么可以眼睁睁看着 - V1 I* i2 x8 f; O# z1 B
这些孩子死去?” 7 Z# n4 T: Z4 P( o7 g+ R7 L: t
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The answer is simple, and harsh. The market did not reward saving the lives of & {; H$ m% ?3 R
these children, and governments did not subsidize it. So the children died be & c3 m1 }0 O9 }0 _
cause their mothers and their fathers had no power in the market and no voice * F3 H D9 ]7 ?$ U2 w
in the system. + F2 b @' R7 ?" r
) k4 t0 M5 G0 v, |" e$ z! o答案很简单,也很令人难堪。在市场经济中,拯救儿童是一项没有利润的工作,政府也不
6 y9 A- M. x3 X会提供补助。这些儿童之所以会死亡,是因为他们的父母在经济上没有实力,在政治上没
5 Y2 F( C7 u9 L+ m+ k% @有能力发出声音。 ( Q* z- ]# @4 Z2 G% @6 s
" g$ b6 X0 ]- u9 d }( [6 W! XBut you and I have both. t6 u7 |4 z& G) P
& h, N# w7 {+ [( A! D9 z但是,你们和我在经济上有实力,在政治上能够发出声音。 # W/ Y- k4 e9 @! C6 M9 C
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We can make market forces work better for the poor if we can develop a more cr - d1 @/ w' x, A# ?3 B
eative capitalism – if we can stretch the reach of market forces so that more 8 n: _' L E5 k7 p5 J5 Z
people can make a profit, or at least make a living, serving people who are s / M* J: I6 ]& L9 C- w4 J( Q
uffering from the worst inequities. We also can press governments around the w " I- c& l" W, _6 I/ q
orld to spend taxpayer money in ways that better reflect the values of the peo
7 S- D9 x. L# G5 w* N% K9 {" eple who pay the taxes. 9 Z0 s; `! f# u! H
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我们可以让市场更好地为穷人服务,如果我们能够设计出一种更有创新性的资本主义制度
+ b; Y$ w8 s8 C6 s——如果我们可以改变市场,让更多的人可以获得利润,或者至少可以维持生活——那么
5 }# K# t7 W6 ~3 Y) X, j/ M,这就可以帮到那些正在极端不平等的状况中受苦的人们。我们还可以向全世界的政府施 & o& U; R; g5 X2 z
压,要求他们将纳税人的钱,花到更符合纳税人价值观的地方。
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j/ x) |9 o9 J# PIf we can find approaches that meet the needs of the poor in ways that generat
1 H6 T8 C0 Z# ]) a ] J; l8 }. de profits for business and votes for politicians, we will have found a sustain 4 N( y5 d! V7 C, o" j, h+ C5 ~
able way to reduce inequity in the world. This task is open-ended. It can neve / T1 j" w$ r0 A! t) @; E' O
r be finished. But a conscious effort to answer this challenge will change the
; O7 b9 J! L! Y' ]5 uworld.
3 q0 R; W2 x1 M. G# I! a7 v1 s$ @( t. k! A! L4 {- y1 V( J
如果我们能够找到这样一种方法,既可以帮到穷人,又可以为商人带来利润,为政治家带 * B6 o9 ]" W" A0 j% z* A! h
来选票,那么我们就找到了一种减少世界性不平等的可持续的发展道路。这个任务是无限 . m1 O6 c; o6 n0 P! B3 w
的。它不可能被完全完成,但是任何自觉地解决这个问题的尝试,都将会改变这个世界。
& c# @0 w4 A: ?. b) o- q# m4 y
* ]3 {3 D! w: v1 v3 f% t; R+ I/ L4 D7 j; Q" {/ E- F& v+ H% j2 h4 u$ i
I am optimistic that we can do this, but I talk to skeptics who claim there is 3 A/ r" s& D: C5 s( r! \
no hope. They say: "Inequity has been with us since the beginning, and will b
2 w- v# o+ V0 P: V- Y# @3 ee with us till the end – because people just … don't … care." I completely 4 | p/ k1 r, [4 t
disagree. $ p- [9 E4 Q: l ^
7 P) j: D7 r g+ O在这个问题上,我是乐观的。但是,我也遇到过那些感到绝望的怀疑主义者。他们说:“ % w5 A. K$ L1 ^* \4 Z8 x6 A6 L/ o
不平等从人类诞生的第一天就存在,到人类灭亡的最后一天也将存在。——因为人类对这 1 f! L( c- a7 C& E; W
个问题根本不在乎。”我完全不能同意这种观点。
- M( @: {4 O: Y8 a7 T( r9 I! G+ v1 v: P/ F3 K/ H/ _, w, Z
I believe we have more caring than we know what to do with.
u) H2 l- u7 Y+ Q6 k1 p/ o6 N, j0 J$ A! U3 q8 d3 b: e1 m
我相信,问题不是我们不在乎,而是我们不知道怎么做。 6 o7 R% s0 t: ^; I( q& X
3 `! H% [/ P. u' \All of us here in this Yard, at one time or another, have seen human tragedies
# x7 {0 l( R, t2 E+ Ithat broke our hearts, and yet we did nothing – not because we didn't care,
# @: c4 |. C/ X2 q" I5 J2 dbut because we didn't know what to do. If we had known how to help, we would h 5 N. E9 q. \8 V4 W! B
ave acted. 7 O; y" y( W" n
% e% Y4 l; p2 {1 D" m. L此刻在这个院子里的所有人,生命中总有这样或那样的时刻,目睹人类的悲剧,感到万分 2 k; `: t5 Z' e6 w! I% w! Q3 Y% r
伤心。但是我们什么也没做,并非我们无动于衷,而是因为我们不知道做什么和怎么做。 , s* h9 U: t( ^4 h( R
如果我们知道如何做是有效的,那么我们就会采取行动。 & v) }+ o0 A. k G, p6 \
9 y1 z* H6 t) j g# N* \, WThe barrier to change is not too little caring; it is too much complexity.
% D X: y7 Y1 d, D: ?% v' C% w T' p. M, }
改变世界的阻碍,并非人类的冷漠,而是世界实在太复杂。
, {1 j/ @& q. X& V) X: M0 w% _, T9 G7 o* C$ q
To turn caring into action, we need to see a problem, see a solution, and see 5 `: X+ ?, ?% c) ?, `+ O3 f- P2 I
the impact. But complexity blocks all three steps.
+ M3 g" d5 y/ v+ Y2 Y
* l9 [1 Q% p$ L为了将关心转变为行动,我们需要找到问题,发现解决办法的方法,评估后果。但是世界
: q Y+ _' w' B8 O0 k9 C" S的复杂性使得所有这些步骤都难于做到。 ; S- z* v% @ c0 N
, h+ S8 [5 Y4 _, Y3 f6 @9 p4 I
Even with the advent of the Internet and 24-hour news, it is still a complex e , I( W: w+ `2 R4 z
nterprise to get people to truly see the problems. When an airplane crashes, o 3 \; T; v! _$ `0 C# h' N. V
fficials immediately call a press conference. They promise to investigate, det
: y" O/ H4 Y! ?ermine the cause, and prevent similar crashes in the future.
# Y, f4 a O0 u9 G( ~- e- D W& K G5 _( j* |% L
即使有了互联网和24小时直播的新闻台,让人们真正发现问题所在,仍然十分困难。当一 % g1 D5 r m2 s8 f7 J& s) w4 {2 O/ Q
架飞机坠毁了,官员们会立刻召开新闻发布会,他们承诺进行调查、找到原因、防止将来
7 V1 L+ w; f& J- b4 G再次发生类似事故。 % _$ X4 I& Y0 ]" _8 |
1 J- X( o2 W- M5 `4 F( nBut if the officials were brutally honest, they would say: "Of all the people
6 V+ U2 h0 j/ @1 _; H5 Tin the world who died today from preventable causes, one half of one percent o ' i% F# |& l. R1 a2 a
f them were on this plane. We're determined to do everything possible to solve
w- {' | y) r; d1 \, I# Ithe problem that took the lives of the one half of one percent."
- u! n0 x1 G3 f# w) F: j1 V# }% f" ^6 v0 T2 L" M* ]/ R
但是如果那些官员敢说真话,他们就会说:“在今天这一天,全世界所有可以避免的死亡
) C8 ^0 W1 S9 J之中,只有0.5%的死者来自于这次空难。我们决心尽一切努力,调查这个0.5%的死亡原因 & L* r# f' J2 ^- p) d
。”
% o1 i1 x) L% a7 s3 O5 u/ f0 v5 C* ]6 d* l
The bigger problem is not the plane crash, but the millions of preventable dea . g% ]7 I, s" s3 j
ths. 2 e# }2 U- |6 G3 \1 ], R
! ]' p. A! G- @" G( ?9 A显然,更重要的问题不是这次空难,而是其他几百万可以预防的死亡事件。
4 u' Z! a6 Q+ L3 g! l; R
& W; `' g2 U$ F1 a9 {- V/ {- fWe don't read much about these deaths. The media covers what's new – and mill + z4 A) B& @8 u; |6 ]! z
ions of people dying is nothing new. So it stays in the background, where it's 1 D6 d! p3 F) s6 [. }( J6 h
easier to ignore. But even when we do see it or read about it, it's difficult ( R/ Y# Y1 j0 V4 H) W' T( J& s
to keep our eyes on the problem. It's hard to look at suffering if the situat
- }) {- ?+ ]: D+ L! E5 j6 ?ion is so complex that we don't know how to help. And so we look away.
5 {: z( z/ | Y% R" v
0 {& g k% f8 Y8 {) I我们并没有很多机会了解那些死亡事件。媒体总是报告新闻,几百万人将要死去并非新闻 + M E; @0 I, U3 ]/ r3 c
。如果没有人报道,那么这些事件就很容易被忽视。另一方面,即使我们确实目睹了事件
* p( h9 J3 j7 R# K本身或者看到了相关报道,我们也很难持续关注这些事件。看着他人受苦是令人痛苦的,
; b( a% ~- m! H9 M# S' N# H h何况问题又如此复杂,我们根本不知道如何去帮助他人。所以我们会将脸转过去。 ) n$ ]+ l5 i4 C6 O. S" P
% }" s# D' L" R9 I/ [% v+ rIf we can really see a problem, which is the first step, we come to the second
* v6 y3 f- B$ f* \# Rstep: cutting through the complexity to find a solution.
4 y- Q: a2 i& n1 O9 O& B2 S9 n; d" W9 a, ? }6 J' j8 [* s2 A
就算我们真正发现了问题所在,也不过是迈出了第一步,接着还有第二步:那就是从复杂 0 S1 [8 c$ w8 u- Y5 J$ B
的事件中找到解决办法。
j) w$ M8 ^( F% _% ` Y) W' m/ j5 o
Finding solutions is essential if we want to make the most of our caring. If w / @5 e/ N+ w1 K" W7 x9 O
e have clear and proven answers anytime an organization or individual asks "Ho
- |/ K5 p+ G Nw can I help?," then we can get action – and we can make sure that none of th 7 M% j3 _4 R8 C- Y* k* W
e caring in the world is wasted. But complexity makes it hard to mark a path o % m! J' {8 y ~( b
f action for everyone who cares — and that makes it hard for their caring to
" F" l0 j" M. smatter. , ~9 p" a @6 F9 n- H T) v
7 T S! d6 r2 c如果我们要让关心落到实处,我们就必须找到解决办法。如果我们有一个清晰的和可靠的 & Q5 z1 b& J6 P3 I) T5 X! ]
答案,那么当任何组织和个人发出疑问“如何我能提供帮助”的时候,我们就能采取行动
$ [7 y3 r E' h8 B% c。我们就能够保证不浪费一丁点全世界人类对他人的关心。但是,世界的复杂性使得很难
s9 E/ L! ^: B4 x( y6 o找到对全世界每一个有爱心的人都有效的行动方法,因此人类对他人的关心往往很难产生 6 X# D/ ^4 |/ d4 p2 F
实际效果。
$ U: w- f4 J# K$ }* w9 @
9 } |* H- p& N4 |5 ]Cutting through complexity to find a solution runs through four predictable st 2 G) s1 V, [! [' c$ k) N- ?
ages: determine a goal, find the highest-leverage approach, discover the ideal ) z' ?: m, m' v5 ~" @
technology for that approach, and in the meantime, make the smartest applicat ( B. E) h+ c$ a' A5 J% U( J' D
ion of the technology that you already have — whether it's something sophisti
t* {9 v% @3 Q9 m1 }( P1 A! tcated, like a drug, or something simpler, like a bednet. % t! s! M- K# B3 ^8 Y
& R% t% d: M; o6 y
从这个复杂的世界中找到解决办法,可以分为四个步骤:确定目标,找到最高效的方法,
+ k' r* o. W% L1 T& x- T8 y5 I1 g发现适用于这个方法的新技术,同时最聪明地利用现有的技术,不管它是复杂的药物,还 ) d+ }1 i; Z0 O. y4 f
是最简单的蚊帐。 5 K1 j0 ^' K; |% k6 C/ ^7 {$ c
3 o5 [! M0 j" |9 {& V. ^6 H3 r
The AIDS epidemic offers an example. The broad goal, of course, is to end the
8 R1 ~4 @( Q) h7 }& f, ]4 u# Wdisease. The highest-leverage approach is prevention. The ideal technology wou , x/ O0 t& F1 L
ld be a vaccine that gives lifetime immunity with a single dose. So government
4 O5 Z% |3 I' T) W8 V2 Ls, drug companies, and foundations fund vaccine research. But their work is li 0 ~ F4 N7 e5 l% u0 w5 K5 J
kely to take more than a decade, so in the meantime, we have to work with what
; R3 g& i: U' p( G& S4 v, ]we have in hand – and the best prevention approach we have now is getting pe
. D0 y4 O; N- D1 C9 L5 zople to avoid risky behavior. ( S7 K }8 x) m/ E0 j0 X
1 Y/ y: o6 g8 ^9 `) q
艾滋病就是一个例子。总的目标,毫无疑问是消灭这种疾病。最高效的方法是预防。最理
1 A5 Q y! s4 f2 [/ N% O想的技术是发明一种疫苗,只要注射一次,就可以终生免疫。所以,政府、制药公司、基 9 x- t' K3 m' z( q
金会应该资助疫苗研究。但是,这样研究工作很可能十年之内都无法完成。因此,与此同
( }& I* _( g8 c% ^9 l0 n+ U时,我们必须使用现有的技术,目前最有效的预防方法就是设法让人们避免那些危险的行 / M' S" H m% K( D# }( g: V0 D: _
为。
: x5 M' z7 k6 ?! o5 m( S0 o4 h- q- }! R8 r; ^( z1 l5 i' x7 J2 B* F" N
Pursuing that goal starts the four-step cycle again. This is the pattern. The
3 Q& l. ]5 k) jcrucial thing is to never stop thinking and working – and never do what we di
) N! e% C; R8 |, W% Ad with malaria and tuberculosis in the 20th century – which is to surrender t ( j* L. j/ c: O0 @: F& m
o complexity and quit.
" @" f7 `" k) @6 [3 M+ B4 R- Q; U1 {/ k
要实现这个新的目标,又可以采用新的四步循环。这是一种模式。关键的东西是永远不要
' n% |/ J# X# p: v) Y停止思考和行动。我们千万不能再犯上个世纪在疟疾和肺结核上犯过的错误,那时我们因 * E3 h0 T O7 E
为它们太复杂,而放弃了采取行动。
- {6 z# o$ m. x( ~" y9 k5 G6 z
* V) L: B% x( dThe final step – after seeing the problem and finding an approach – is to me
4 N/ n/ t5 A# @! p6 z9 A6 I1 c5 ~asure the impact of your work and share your successes and failures so that ot & z8 C; l. F& Y- }+ H* J( M
hers learn from your efforts. # ]2 t2 m3 g$ _, B
% m5 ]: [ M B. _9 H! l6 f" d2 M在发现问题和找到解决方法之后,就是最后一步——评估工作结果,将你的成功经验或者
. T# P/ f6 C" B3 D7 h/ X) e失败经验传播出去,这样其他人就可以从你的努力中有所收获。
3 m' C# s1 C9 D4 _$ Y8 G, C- X: H5 Q% r4 v3 ?$ r8 b
You have to have the statistics, of course. You have to be able to show that a * |* y( S1 T8 c: s7 T# b
program is vaccinating millions more children. You have to be able to show a . q. J4 z% T1 o- h
decline in the number of children dying from these diseases. This is essential , z4 u- f o% \0 X1 U* k
not just to improve the program, but also to help draw more investment from b : A3 `) _" W! B$ a1 S( |
usiness and government.
& Z2 i! O) B, ` z" Z. m9 v) X" z+ N. O0 @' O- d
当然,你必须有一些统计数字。你必须让他人知道,你的项目为几百万儿童新接种了疫苗
# c" ]6 P/ O" o v' }$ `。你也必须让他人知道,儿童死亡人数下降了多少。这些都是很关键的,不仅有利于改善
+ @% T# l. z2 c& f6 U2 o3 b% i) N项目效果,也有利于从商界和政府得到更多的帮助。
; { I# C7 A) N2 ~) N6 }0 H5 M3 s: `7 s) X
But if you want to inspire people to participate, you have to show more than n : Q7 {. ?, d, M0 O
umbers; you have to convey the human impact of the work – so people can feel
' W3 x& D% L5 `( J+ twhat saving a life means to the families affected.
- B/ [- ^1 r: ~/ L- X: F; c$ T( x7 A1 `
( W; T# I6 n& U8 G5 S但是,这些还不够,如果你想激励其他人参加你的项目,你就必须拿出更多的统计数字; ( v& h. n% Q! K3 J1 t; k: t5 L
你必须展示你的项目的人性因素,这样其他人就会感到拯救一个生命,对那些处在困境中 8 V, a6 E- c2 F. S9 d- z& K, \. i
的家庭到底意味着什么。
: r9 J9 N l7 X; a: {$ r" S/ h' c
% O! j4 i2 z, Q7 `5 lI remember going to Davos some years back and sitting on a global health panel
1 g* M( Q: `! U% s4 y; D+ Rthat was discussing ways to save millions of lives. Millions! Think of the th : X# W4 ]1 Z+ _/ v3 {" ^
rill of saving just one person's life – then multiply that by millions. … Ye
/ v+ }6 x$ \5 q" R. e, G! X5 i9 m% At this was the most boring panel I've ever been on – ever. So boring even I c
9 I ]6 R. t$ souldn't bear it.
4 b9 p# o1 V1 w# Q8 [2 h4 _0 _1 d+ {
" ^* c; H$ A! b6 @) v3 a2 C几年前,我去瑞士达沃斯旁听一个全球健康问题论坛,会议的内容有关于如何拯救几百万 $ U( \% h3 i- y* c
条生命。天哪,是几百万!想一想吧,拯救一个人的生命已经让人何等激动,现在你要把
6 J# n1 g- v4 l, L" L4 X这种激动再乘上几百万倍……但是,不幸的是,这是我参加过的最最乏味的论坛,乏味到 . F7 |7 w# Z+ H$ L8 i
我无法强迫自己听下去。 1 R" N$ k6 j$ Y7 y
7 [# ~+ L2 t" u( T+ `% E' U' |What made that experience especially striking was that I had just come from an C+ O' O9 t; y% H% d6 c' n
event where we were introducing version 13 of some piece of software, and we 1 c4 q3 [2 x9 J' u4 O; c
had people jumping and shouting with excitement. I love getting people excited
( h- r! P# k$ Xabout software – but why can't we generate even more excitement for saving l $ z7 L2 ^2 }# d0 t
ives?
! E9 l. t1 i( y+ a' ?0 ?! r( _* z/ `8 Z
那次经历之所以让我难忘,是因为之前我们刚刚发布了一个软件的第13个版本,我们让观 6 U% J7 Q- q1 a- h; v* ~! r* i
众激动得跳了起来,喊出了声。我喜欢人们因为软件而感到激动,那么我们为什么不能够
- Q7 y: q" G9 l2 T# g让人们因为能够拯救生命而感到更加激动呢? 5 P& m4 `0 r2 V4 l- z, c3 Q: `6 p
. l$ Z2 z7 o, l# x8 X# hYou can't get people excited unless you can help them see and feel the impact. , b5 R6 L0 g: ?/ }
And how you do that – is a complex question.
* `) Z9 w, m ^/ I! y7 Q+ l
0 a2 d4 b( |+ a) H. f除非你能够让人们看到或者感受到行动的影响力,否则你无法让人们激动。如何做到这一 * @9 S, A8 k* p& z
点,并不是一件简单的事。 q/ h' C2 J. q4 q* X
% {( f2 g' U; v" o
Still, I'm optimistic. Yes, inequity has been with us forever, but the new too ! A6 \% B' y6 x; {
ls we have to cut through complexity have not been with us forever. They are n 9 z# t7 u3 _1 c
ew – they can help us make the most of our caring – and that's why the futur
2 [' Z" Y' s6 N# je can be different from the past. & p4 w: N$ H& a9 F. v- P% X
0 z' P& p5 o, _ w V
同前面一样,在这个问题上,我依然是乐观的。不错,人类的不平等有史以来一直存在, 4 Q2 U9 Y, V$ ]
但是那些能够化繁为简的新工具,却是最近才出现的。这些新工具可以帮助我们,将人类 $ ^& w3 G7 G; u6 G9 x7 f
的同情心发挥最大的作用,这就是为什么将来同过去是不一样的。
) W+ f$ |# w2 _7 ^* X( f& k8 }2 s4 a7 p
The defining and ongoing innovations of this age – biotechnology, the compute
1 l0 d% G6 _! F' O" f# zr, the Internet – give us a chance we've never had before to end extreme pove 1 d. y0 A0 r3 B# {
rty and end death from preventable disease. $ T) ?( |: `9 s2 P; ^7 }/ I) L2 @
6 \. r! E- }3 g6 Z: o- j. r* e这个时代无时无刻不在涌现出新的革新——生物技术,计算机,互联网——它们给了我们 . I9 R, M3 i1 v5 p) W1 w9 x9 q: @* y+ ?
一个从未有过的机会,去终结那些极端的贫穷和非恶性疾病的死亡。
* c; S; c8 ?" w. A( M. r" k+ s/ H0 j; r: x. g* ^* c) a
Sixty years ago, George Marshall came to this commencement and announced a pla " h7 ?% j6 A3 ^+ Y' d" q+ g
n to assist the nations of post-war Europe. He said: "I think one difficulty i
8 y8 c" t% y1 q3 ]: l) l4 ?8 Ls that the problem is one of such enormous complexity that the very mass of fa
5 ]4 ]5 n0 ~: ~0 m' B) h% rcts presented to the public by press and radio make it exceedingly difficult f . D# \- F- N6 c' E) q# s3 x# r6 o
or the man in the street to reach a clear appraisement of the situation. It is
" j/ S0 e' f" z' {% Mvirtually impossible at this distance to grasp at all the real significance o
& ~6 h/ ]! [ D) q" J# [: D# n0 [% Af the situation." 1 D) N8 D. U/ q! t$ K
0 g2 _( y( t! {$ q
六十年前,乔治·马歇尔也是在这个地方的毕业典礼上,宣布了一个计划,帮助那些欧洲 0 v& J! L1 R5 _0 Y
国家的战后建设。他说:“我认为,困难的一点是这个问题太复杂,报纸和电台向公众源 3 I6 M$ ~' ]9 t( M1 k2 y5 A
源不断地提供各种事实,使得大街上的普通人极端难于清晰地判断形势。事实上,经过层 8 z5 i4 p: W$ T0 \8 o! l
层传播,想要真正地把握形势,是根本不可能的。”
) A6 M) }. a* F8 F- K
+ w8 e- F- l) h; f% P" gThirty years after Marshall made his address, as my class graduated without me " B& ~: n/ {' `/ C% H' U: P
, technology was emerging that would make the world smaller, more open, more v e, z3 q1 G( G1 [+ F
isible, less distant. : u( S. S3 p' B, v( ~
* Z% L# e9 ]" }- N* C7 x
马歇尔发表这个演讲之后的三十年,我那一届学生毕业,当然我不在其中。那时,新技术 - Z; C7 z! N0 s7 X6 h9 B& J& j. }
刚刚开始萌芽,它们将使得这个世界变得更小、更开放、更容易看到、距离更近。 4 r* }$ W1 ]( t: N& K% X4 }$ _
. G6 p3 [' S4 u* OThe emergence of low-cost personal computers gave rise to a powerful network t
* k4 _' E6 ~8 p" R) S' f) q% {- Ihat has transformed opportunities for learning and communicating. 2 `$ Q1 c' `; s% A9 p
( A4 S: T2 p; P6 O- F" g8 {
低成本的个人电脑的出现,使得一个强大的互联网有机会诞生,它为学习和交流提供了巨
$ e" a$ J* N* h# ] a. }5 D大的机会。
c8 L$ E; f$ D( L& w# I w' q3 F& p0 J! b; q
The magical thing about this network is not just that it collapses distance an
6 r5 S# {; B( C/ d. n" t! h- @! cd makes everyone your neighbor. It also dramatically increases the number of b
8 r- A) Q. M$ S! Crilliant minds we can have working together on the same problem – and that sc ) Y6 O- Y9 I0 _2 @- M6 `* ?1 `1 |
ales up the rate of innovation to a staggering degree.
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) q5 V1 i& I, e3 p网络的神奇之处,不仅仅是它缩短了物理距离,使得天涯若比邻。它还极大地增加了怀有 $ U% }5 N( P @. R
共同想法的人们聚集在一起的机会,我们可以为了解决同一个问题,一起共同工作。这就
8 d5 B5 }. A8 f, G大大加快了革新的进程,发展速度简直快得让人震惊。
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At the same time, for every person in the world who has access to this technol
5 G7 G* k$ k# f( }7 @ogy, five people don't. That means many creative minds are left out of this di
# o$ y& v9 k; Q y5 y' ^/ @scussion -- smart people with practical intelligence and relevant experience w
8 c! t# t! n* Eho don't have the technology to hone their talents or contribute their ideas t
7 ^8 v( V( Y8 R Fo the world. % m' q. F9 O( k c& v
- l u+ U# F1 f( Z8 v$ y
与此同时,世界上有条件上网的人,只是全部人口的六分之一。这意味着,还有许多具有
! x7 F8 @* T2 i9 w7 o. C创造性的人们,没有加入到我们的讨论中来。那些有着实际的操作经验和相关经历的聪明 8 ~5 |+ A: i* Q: Y! G
人,却没有技术来帮助他们,将他们的天赋或者想法与全世界分享。 & B- f5 X9 B- @! B K# P$ a+ x
; _) t/ F$ x) uWe need as many people as possible to have access to this technology, because 3 P: Y6 x& u7 q* m+ Y
these advances are triggering a revolution in what human beings can do for one
4 e3 @7 D3 {+ e7 d d0 Panother. They are making it possible not just for national governments, but f
5 b; z' W; @4 s+ For universities, corporations, smaller organizations, and even individuals to 3 [5 E3 T7 V7 P# F b. K) A+ M5 r
see problems, see approaches, and measure the impact of their efforts to addre
8 m4 F: i9 U& r- x7 z; S* {1 h7 ^ss the hunger, poverty, and desperation George Marshall spoke of 60 years ago.
2 m1 m8 c, P, l/ u I+ S$ G7 s$ T% Q0 R2 ^9 A. n
5 j+ r: F; q' m' e% X我们需要尽可能地让更多的人有机会使用新技术,因为这些新技术正在引发一场革命,人 / `2 _9 Q6 s% _, Z1 h: T
类将因此可以互相帮助。新技术正在创造一种可能,不仅是政府,还包括大学、公司、小
5 [1 }$ \, E9 A机构、甚至个人,能够发现问题所在、能够找到解决办法、能够评估他们努力的效果,去
$ s) ?" r& R a- `改变那些马歇尔六十年前就说到过的问题——饥饿、贫穷和绝望。
9 |" X4 E; s3 x3 J- }9 ~) m5 e1 L6 q9 l' A1 v; S
Members of the Harvard Family: Here in the Yard is one of the great collection
1 ]6 k2 R E6 E. p! I" u/ Fs of intellectual talent in the world. # \6 g1 _; s5 R9 p' J. ^* u4 J% v
# Z( o" v; M$ i
哈佛是一个大家庭。这个院子里在场的人们,是全世界最有智力的人类群体之一。 + k. P2 z/ F- ]# o. }
" y; j/ p6 o0 J, u
What for?
7 n! _( t9 k) q2 B
3 e7 |# L" y: b6 J我们可以做些什么?
5 g2 q0 w# p; }4 V4 ]8 d
( S+ s% D8 N& q, X% }There is no question that the faculty, the alumni, the students, and the benef , ~! c0 z' C* o5 w1 W& H3 x
actors of Harvard have used their power to improve the lives of people here an
" S* C5 d3 S d9 i1 l/ Hd around the world. But can we do more? Can Harvard dedicate its intellect to
W" T) K3 A2 Oimproving the lives of people who will never even hear its name?
+ {: G& q0 `# y; ?+ c, u
, J I% C% Y& [4 t毫无疑问,哈佛的老师、校友、学生和资助者,已经用他们的能力改善了全世界各地人们 & q& l1 i3 f" m) X
的生活。但是,我们还能够再做什么呢?有没有可能,哈佛的人们可以将他们的智慧,用 $ J) K! F5 S4 |6 ?- i, A3 Q
来帮助那些甚至从来没有听到过“哈佛”这个名字的人? 4 t/ C* E) V; C
! O3 l y9 x' a1 @, b
Let me make a request of the deans and the professors – the intellectual lead
, C+ ^6 \* Q; p, Xers here at Harvard: As you hire new faculty, award tenure, review curriculum, 8 O4 J/ q9 }- g4 K5 b
and determine degree requirements, please ask yourselves: $ ^% F5 M) o# o8 R- p G! n- V) U3 _
7 W5 {; y3 q4 Q" G# d请允许我向各位院长和教授,提出一个请求——你们是哈佛的智力领袖,当你们雇用新的
3 W9 T1 }2 N/ O% T老师、授予终身教职、评估课程、决定学位颁发标准的时候,请问你们自己如下的问题: 9 I$ [3 T: d) M8 ]
. {" a$ }& ]4 S
: c3 ~2 ]$ V- d- R9 x4 l* EShould our best minds be dedicated to solving our biggest problems? ^ j( q0 |( Y7 K$ v& O
4 B! ]. B1 \8 y+ u6 L- i0 n- ?6 t
我们最优秀的人才是否在致力于解决我们最大的问题? 8 {/ R3 Z, O* N9 w
: h6 l; z) J4 ]9 Z8 @ _. k6 g
Should Harvard encourage its faculty to take on the world's worst inequities?
" J- \: v9 R! [1 Q& ^# IShould Harvard students learn about the depth of global poverty … the prevale 7 \+ U! q# l ?6 w {9 T I T5 w
nce of world hunger … the scarcity of clean water …the girls kept out of sch . R6 [0 X+ C& z! p+ \. ?
ool … the children who die from diseases we can cure?
. @4 t) U) d4 e b0 ?
0 t/ L2 Y# ~/ s0 B; f) ^哈佛是否鼓励她的老师去研究解决世界上最严重的不平等?哈佛的学生是否从全球那些极 9 O/ \4 M5 b, \$ B# s" R5 r
端的贫穷中学到了什么……世界性的饥荒……清洁的水资源的缺乏……无法上学的女童… " I5 ^) z+ h- B; U# b( k+ A( Y
…死于非恶性疾病的儿童……哈佛的学生有没有从中学到东西? : s# G) Y: c$ Q( N" u8 e0 h# ]
9 s4 y# q- K5 y) u+ j5 m' X
Should the world's most privileged people learn about the lives of the world's
5 {, C' Q/ j2 Kleast privileged?
* H( X; m# N/ S: G; h
, u6 X& }( q/ b- `6 F那些世界上过着最优越生活的人们,有没有从那些最困难的人们身上学到东西? 5 l( A' v( t& Z3 X8 v
6 q& z" Y1 L) Q0 H1 V F
These are not rhetorical questions – you will answer with your policies. * ?5 {1 ~! `' ^; P
! o' k" ~' O/ K这些问题并非语言上的修辞。你必须用自己的行动来回答它们。 2 H3 e3 {; L; @0 T7 A
. ]" j. L$ E _
My mother, who was filled with pride the day I was admitted here – never stop
% N A) ?" X& S! H% Yped pressing me to do more for others. A few days before my wedding, she hoste # F/ H( s2 S; x" K
d a bridal event, at which she read aloud a letter about marriage that she had 3 y$ w7 e$ P4 P0 Z
written to Melinda. My mother was very ill with cancer at the time, but she s * T1 }: B7 H0 X7 @) y
aw one more opportunity to deliver her message, and at the close of the letter
# e( P5 F* V7 j" m kshe said: "From those to whom much is given, much is expected."
( t& L8 B5 f% V2 ^4 m
2 _; u$ e S4 J: y0 R* U( j9 [我的母亲在我被哈佛大学录取的那一天,曾经感到非常骄傲。她从没有停止督促我,去为
# I5 T0 x, d h; _" F# O他人做更多的事情。在我结婚的前几天,她主持了一个新娘进我家的仪式。在这个仪式上 ) W( d y$ u( z% ~7 L
,她高声朗读了一封关于婚姻的信,这是她写给Melinda的。那时,我的母亲已经因为癌症
3 i: d3 p* E3 M2 r& A& H3 `病入膏肓,但是她还是认为这是又一个传播她的信念的机会。在那封信的结尾,她写道:
6 `; e" |9 ]6 f( c @% p) `/ b“对于那些接受了许多帮助的人们,他们还在期待更多的帮助。你的能力越大,人们对你
! i* m& a) x2 b# l& h的期望也就越大。” 7 L ~3 E# W" ]4 U! J R" L: x5 U* ]
" w9 d8 W& R) r% t
When you consider what those of us here in this Yard have been given – in tal # n c0 z8 N5 {1 t/ E; A
ent, privilege, and opportunity – there is almost no limit to what the world ' j5 Q3 j5 |3 k: d& L, d+ G/ s6 p* _" N
has a right to expect from us. 7 G5 m2 T5 f0 b% b" i1 u3 q3 T
4 p" h& R$ l5 |( P, } W
想一想吧,我们在这个院子里的这些人,被给予过什么——天赋、特权、机遇——那么可
/ z, g6 v, F8 F4 q4 ~. m以这样说,全世界的人们几乎有无限的权力,期待我们做出贡献。 9 M9 D) G( s! E% u5 r
3 t$ L! K7 _2 H' O6 @" j7 a* GIn line with the promise of this age, I want to exhort each of the graduates h
+ m$ `2 s4 m7 j3 O Eere to take on an issue – a complex problem, a deep inequity, and become a sp 1 k$ D' L# X- x) V/ Y, A4 }
ecialist on it. If you make it the focus of your career, that would be phenome ; Y# q% O4 f `% e
nal. But you don't have to do that to make an impact. For a few hours every we ) `) O' J, `* m1 M3 Q$ v) e
ek, you can use the growing power of the Internet to get informed, find others " F; T% q( t$ e2 Z7 [# r
with the same interests, see the barriers, and find ways to cut through them.
: { V1 Y4 R+ ~! ?2 X* s6 Y3 i- @3 }' m* j# n! r& t
1 i: {* E- @; _2 n+ L5 r# |* g' }! W同这个时代的期望一样,我也要向今天各位毕业的同学提出一个忠告:你们要选择一个问 0 t1 y6 Y4 N4 ?8 Z
题,一个复杂的问题,一个有关于人类深刻的不平等的问题,然后你们要变成这个问题的 0 u; P! s! P4 _+ {
专家。如果你们能够使得这个问题成为你们职业的核心,那么你们就会非常杰出。但是,
- A8 h8 J. Y; L' r8 `1 d你们不必一定要去做那些大事。每个星期只用几个小时,你就可以通过互联网得到信息,
& q! g' \1 O) I7 e找到志同道合的朋友,发现困难所在,找到解决它们的途径。 4 k$ U) B' V- C/ p3 R$ z# z% L
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Don't let complexity stop you. Be activists. Take on the big inequities. It wi
7 ?# L+ j, ]. A! E; J8 Fll be one of the great experiences of your lives.
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. X3 T( W+ F: f- u不要让这个世界的复杂性阻碍你前进。要成为一个行动主义者。将解决人类的不平等视为 8 V; r6 b$ E Y- j3 H- p6 g
己任。它将成为你生命中最重要的经历之一。
]& n+ m* ^0 W% |7 K( f+ J& O
You graduates are coming of age in an amazing time. As you leave Harvard, you
5 d, D# J t* N m! ~have technology that members of my class never had. You have awareness of glob ) y7 o4 Y" I0 C: Q. ]3 W; B
al inequity, which we did not have. And with that awareness, you likely also h % t$ d1 r( ]' x
ave an informed conscience that will torment you if you abandon these people w 8 ~2 y; ^. w: h7 \
hose lives you could change with very little effort. You have more than we had
* l# d5 Q; O' ~5 M7 ^; ?" h( t$ h; you must start sooner, and carry on longer.
# m6 ^$ n4 U7 X A+ Y
3 ?( Z" S( }+ [4 H5 n在座的各位毕业的同学,你们所处的时代是一个神奇的时代。当你们离开哈佛的时候,你 " E7 I. `8 u: [
们拥有的技术,是我们那一届学生所没有的。你们已经了解到了世界上的不平等,我们那
5 d- p; X6 a% R* K8 u# Y; _8 r6 V时还不知道这些。有了这样的了解之后,要是你再弃那些你可以帮助的人们于不顾,就将 " m. O8 r; Q" l8 l9 ~& W
受到良心的谴责,只需一点小小的努力,你就可以改变那些人们的生活。你们比我们拥有 7 I# n, \ i1 f! h0 ^
更大的能力;你们必须尽早开始,尽可能长时期坚持下去。
+ `; K0 D8 S/ c# Y+ p9 m
6 H0 R0 u+ g: oKnowing what you know, how could you not? ' O' Y+ E2 t' l- |% p. j/ M
5 B% D6 Z. x0 [' Z! r0 a知道了你们所知道的一切,你们怎么可能不采取行动呢? 1 Z7 C7 P5 S% H: B
4 H0 c9 \; a& a: T4 p
And I hope you will come back here to Harvard 30 years from now and reflect on
& w L% f9 n5 M: |: vwhat you have done with your talent and your energy. I hope you will judge yo
0 J& N3 ^1 A& M1 v1 ~0 `urselves not on your professional accomplishments alone, but also on how well . P* L$ T/ }; [ H! }9 x( ]- }; m. S2 R
you have addressed the world's deepest inequities … on how well you treated p
" K9 O+ I% _, b' z$ Beople a world away who have nothing in common with you but their humanity. 2 a2 h4 x$ r, ?
" j: ^2 B t# i9 J5 a9 p9 s我希望,30年后你们还会再回到哈佛,想起你们用自己的天赋和能力所做出的一切。我希
2 q w3 [* d; Q T6 ~0 g( g2 R- `望,在那个时候,你们用来评价自己的标准,不仅仅是你们的专业成就,而包括你们为改
6 l8 U8 ?) J1 h+ U. L1 {# ?% z( W) E变这个世界深刻的不平等所做出的努力,以及你们如何善待那些远隔千山万水、与你们毫
7 r2 R9 y |$ \0 [3 g6 n r- m不涉及的人们,你们与他们唯一的共同点就是同为人类。 |
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