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2008-11-02 01:02:11 来自: lightpie(上次登录还是1.5年前.....)
, Z5 @- p' ]$ u9 a+ d" r比尔·盖茨在哈佛大学毕业典礼上的演讲
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" F. s: l5 P. _+ m @0 f0 ?2007年6月7日
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0 N) O# R+ V) K/ [阮一峰 译
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President Bok, former President Rudenstine, incoming President Faust, members
) g: c& G" |+ e) |) z! ]' J" nof the Harvard Corporation and the Board of Overseers, members of the faculty,
$ @" R3 r+ ?* N; Zparents, and especially, the graduates: ( R/ O& o& j& b. q
" @9 G/ A4 n9 i( g, ?尊敬的Bok校长,Rudenstine前校长,即将上任的Faust校长,哈佛集团的各位成员,监管 : I' \2 O$ g3 k5 R, d* R& q9 I
理事会的各位理事,各位老师,各位家长,各位同学: - }5 l R+ g7 L$ d5 l
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I've been waiting more than 30 years to say this: "Dad, I always told you I'd
( M; p6 j% i3 o9 M$ t5 Xcome back and get my degree."
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, h$ K5 q9 B W' c$ l有一句话我等了三十年,现在终于可以说了:“老爸,我总是跟你说,我会回来拿到我的
+ J! H5 j* k* K4 O( v( U& b学位的!” 2 c; K9 Q) T$ I6 a3 C$ H9 Z! g
6 ^9 p2 G; b$ ^/ G) L8 uI want to thank Harvard for this timely honor. I'll be changing my job next ye
( C# H3 s+ o6 ]* d, u! ]ar … and it will be nice to finally have a college degree on my resume.
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* J4 h$ ^# ^! E j我要感谢哈佛大学在这个时候给我这个荣誉。明年,我就要换工作了(注:指从微软公司
8 {; w+ U) u7 o l退休)……我终于可以在简历上写我有一个本科学位,这真是不错啊。
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I applaud the graduates today for taking a much more direct route to your degr : `" v1 u8 n( R5 R6 H8 s/ {$ s. i
ees. For my part, I'm just happy that the Crimson has called me "Harvard's mos . j. t# G5 L9 |0 g
t successful dropout." I guess that makes me valedictorian of my own special c ; [. E+ e' H" r- H. b$ ?$ X' b
lass … I did the best of everyone who failed. 8 |/ x- u1 E/ q4 Y/ P, f) a5 B3 `
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我为今天在座的各位同学感到高兴,你们拿到学位可比我简单多了。哈佛的校报称我是“
: z+ S t7 n3 n哈佛大学历史上最成功的辍学生”。我想这大概使我有资格代表我这一类学生发言……在 1 y& J, U% G/ O
所有的失败者里,我做得最好。 : \: T( ^! T1 {0 V5 l2 t( e2 ^
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But I also want to be recognized as the guy who got Steve Ballmer to drop out
+ F( ^( Q! c2 E( g7 iof business school. I'm a bad influence. That's why I was invited to speak at - _" ?* S6 n0 d8 R; L. P5 d5 W( L
your graduation. If I had spoken at your orientation, fewer of you might be he 4 R/ ?7 ~/ L( S; {# X; T
re today.
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但是,我还要提醒大家,我使得Steve Ballmer(注:微软总经理)也从哈佛商学院退学了 ) V; C+ F' }% Q9 z! B1 _
。因此,我是个有着恶劣影响力的人。这就是为什么我被邀请来在你们的毕业典礼上演讲 6 u& t P) S) y& ?- W4 p
。如果我在你们入学欢迎仪式上演讲,那么能够坚持到今天在这里毕业的人也许会少得多
. e7 a7 U7 X: Y0 V8 \( E* D; g吧。
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) i# T: W9 c3 T# J6 u' jHarvard was just a phenomenal experience for me. Academic life was fascinating . r: h. C3 B% w; S/ U L
. I used to sit in on lots of classes I hadn't even signed up for. And dorm li . y2 W5 x+ [/ _" \& U
fe was terrific. I lived up at Radcliffe, in Currier House. There were always " h! d6 K$ H4 u/ S* q) P
lots of people in my dorm room late at night discussing things, because everyo 9 W& g* M$ O! b; w( T9 N& G
ne knew I didn't worry about getting up in the morning. That's how I came to b
/ H( g; T0 n2 P/ \8 ?8 r! e! Y& x/ f6 ke the leader of the anti-social group. We clung to each other as a way of vali
2 H/ T1 A, G+ B) Z6 Tdating our rejection of all those social people. 0 t5 O% ?" g, D) j
# U* k g: A7 o- N* G对我来说,哈佛的求学经历是一段非凡的经历。校园生活很有趣,我常去旁听我没选修的
; L" ]9 N5 l& m/ |( R课。哈佛的课外生活也很棒,我在Radcliffe过着逍遥自在的日子。每天我的寝室里总有很 ' g- `6 T* z$ Z; \7 Q6 s
多人一直待到半夜,讨论着各种事情。因为每个人都知道我从不考虑第二天早起。这使得
8 Y% s) Z, h7 K. j2 x我变成了校园里那些不安分学生的头头,我们互相粘在一起,做出一种拒绝所有正常学生
* F# Q! h `, ~4 p9 Z, ?9 J的姿态。
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Radcliffe was a great place to live. There were more women up there, and most * G* r+ B7 F" B' c+ [! `) b
of the guys were science-math types. That combination offered me the best odds
& h; G- G) s( @1 `! }9 g. H. B$ s& b, if you know what I mean. This is where I learned the sad lesson that improvi R, K% \2 m5 X
ng your odds doesn't guarantee success. 9 z( W' o& f0 I
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Radcliffe是个过日子的好地方。那里的女生比男生多,而且大多数男生都是理工科的。这
" k6 h; P+ h2 V6 _: S W/ \种状况为我创造了最好的机会,如果你们明白我的意思。可惜的是,我正是在这里学到了
8 t& \' `" c/ i* I( P4 P- }人生中悲伤的一课:机会大,并不等于你就会成功。
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One of my biggest memories of Harvard came in January 1975, when I made a call
8 [( z( S) n: F$ l/ G4 x1 jfrom Currier House to a company in Albuquerque that had begun making the worl $ ~8 ^6 ?5 K0 i$ Q
d's first personal computers. I offered to sell them software. % d- j% \# k! W, L
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我在哈佛最难忘的回忆之一,发生在1975年1月。那时,我从宿舍楼里给位于Albuquerque ; l+ u7 H" Z- Z* A. P3 u1 R
的一家公司打了一个电话,那家公司已经在着手制造世界上第一台个人电脑。我提出想向
# B6 v* e" @+ ~ E5 c, z2 C他们出售软件。
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I worried that they would realize I was just a student in a dorm and hang up o
1 ~8 I: M2 a0 v- n1 [7 ]( W1 Pn me. Instead they said: "We're not quite ready, come see us in a month," whic
) P: H8 A+ x9 V8 q7 Y2 i2 g+ Vh was a good thing, because we hadn't written the software yet. From that mome 4 i* _. |( t8 m7 \) n: y. O% h, E# e
nt, I worked day and night on this little extra credit project that marked the ! p% Q/ u+ J' e; Z/ f
end of my college education and the beginning of a remarkable journey with Mi 5 \, T. }* D' x: n# x6 X
crosoft. ) y2 O2 v ? V$ o7 ^' t# N
7 E; }0 h' l: M+ J$ Z z* { M我很担心,他们会发觉我是一个住在宿舍的学生,从而挂断电话。但是他们却说:“我们
+ [' Q( m. G% {还没准备好,一个月后你再来找我们吧。”这是个好消息,因为那时软件还根本没有写出
, T) Y/ d( |8 q* G% u来呢。就是从那个时候起,我日以继夜地在这个小小的课外项目上工作,这导致了我学生 j# E6 z* B5 ^, I8 S) W' | ^9 B
生活的结束,以及通往微软公司的不平凡的旅程的开始。 % `) B+ ]6 X4 \2 Z/ [5 s; J
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What I remember above all about Harvard was being in the midst of so much ener - y! g! {! M: k$ w
gy and intelligence. It could be exhilarating, intimidating, sometimes even di
- T* ~) }" b% k, ?- y8 pscouraging, but always challenging. It was an amazing privilege – and though 3 ]$ P1 V5 V( H2 f4 {
I left early, I was transformed by my years at Harvard, the friendships I made " s6 q6 v5 X) z( H5 V( I
, and the ideas I worked on. 3 d1 N5 V8 @! ?( o# F& J
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不管怎样,我对哈佛的回忆主要都与充沛的精力和智力活动有关。哈佛的生活令人愉快,
[5 a4 ?/ \: w. z1 S也令人感到有压力,有时甚至会感到泄气,但永远充满了挑战性。生活在哈佛是一种吸引
: e0 k, X- s5 ^: Z人的特殊待遇……虽然我离开得比较早,但是我在这里的经历、在这里结识的朋友、在这
`% _' ?; E G$ s7 T3 G* g) r& q里发展起来的一些想法,永远地改变了我。
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But taking a serious look back … I do have one big regret.
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+ |6 z9 P! g5 I: U5 e但是,如果现在严肃地回忆起来,我确实有一个真正的遗憾。 5 w/ H: J4 U' o+ D+ `0 t! e) o
3 {7 `7 t8 w2 L3 r, {6 b% RI left Harvard with no real awareness of the awful inequities in the world –
$ [9 f- A( n+ C L. S9 ^ m0 sthe appalling disparities of health, and wealth, and opportunity that condemn
* s( K0 v! Y& ?$ A8 G/ h7 D. Kmillions of people to lives of despair. # H3 Y! U$ ?+ B6 j
' a. U8 P4 n. c5 t我离开哈佛的时候,根本没有意识到这个世界是多么的不平等。人类在健康、财富和机遇 1 l- m8 H& V/ o4 |5 c! r6 \
上的不平等大得可怕,它们使得无数的人们被迫生活在绝望之中。 + w+ ~) d" A6 V
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I learned a lot here at Harvard about new ideas in economics and politics. I g
2 z0 f: [% A1 _. P9 _& mot great exposure to the advances being made in the sciences. * r/ [# R9 v; w3 D6 F1 X
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我在哈佛学到了很多经济学和政治学的新思想。我也了解了很多科学上的新进展。 : I, e8 T3 k! B: b5 o3 M" K* B5 Y
c( c: B7 X. V" s& j# NBut humanity's greatest advances are not in its discoveries – but in how thos 6 l9 v4 N9 w: b' c# {$ G7 S
e discoveries are applied to reduce inequity. Whether through democracy, stron
. M" e% R3 j( o$ U' k3 pg public education, quality health care, or broad economic opportunity – redu 6 n1 {4 B4 X' ~3 k! O
cing inequity is the highest human achievement. 2 u8 a$ _( J- S1 N, C9 d
- n& J7 T# m! t' t但是,人类最大的进步并不来自于这些发现,而是来自于那些有助于减少人类不平等的发
( t/ q' k# D$ L) e现。不管通过何种手段——民主制度、健全的公共教育体系、高质量的医疗保健、还是广
2 D4 K" [- `4 J3 o- G泛的经济机会——减少不平等始终是人类最大的成就。 8 ?/ r( C# w, M- ]' T: Y
. t: b/ {* P V3 r% G+ NI left campus knowing little about the millions of young people cheated out of
. c7 i4 b& _+ n. d# f, Peducational opportunities here in this country. And I knew nothing about the 3 J6 K8 l" c; m g2 | a7 Q
millions of people living in unspeakable poverty and disease in developing cou
3 ]* d4 v" F$ B7 ]" K+ T4 [ntries.
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我离开校园的时候,根本不知道在这个国家里,有几百万的年轻人无法获得接受教育的机 ( b" H9 r4 N6 K9 S7 Q3 K
会。我也不知道,发展中国家里有无数的人们生活在无法形容的贫穷和疾病之中。
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2 j! ]7 F, x! p- jIt took me decades to find out.
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0 ?' g: H0 V: r2 g我花了几十年才明白了这些事情。
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You graduates came to Harvard at a different time. You know more about the wor
7 r$ e, v! s" Y! U4 ^: ~ld's inequities than the classes that came before. In your years here, I hope
& p5 ~# D' @* Y% e+ \( syou've had a chance to think about how – in this age of accelerating technolo
1 C& s6 U, B" Bgy – we can finally take on these inequities, and we can solve them. - d9 U4 L" r% X' J2 I, B
- u# _; G @" x% b9 U在座的各位同学,你们是在与我不同的时代来到哈佛的。你们比以前的学生,更多地了解 % f/ x" i* t, H4 M- _- p9 G
世界是怎样的不平等。在你们的哈佛求学过程中,我希望你们已经思考过一个问题,那就 3 W6 K7 t! N& c9 {
是在这个新技术加速发展的时代,我们怎样最终应对这种不平等,以及我们怎样来解决这
$ k- O- X8 w4 z6 U2 W: v. g个问题。 * Z* \. z `+ O0 a4 s2 Q
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Imagine, just for the sake of discussion, that you had a few hours a week and
: m/ g7 G6 d& t sa few dollars a month to donate to a cause – and you wanted to spend that tim , ]* G, V5 W! \8 Q& J R* W$ N
e and money where it would have the greatest impact in saving and improving li
1 h+ C8 G5 f% R! c. hves. Where would you spend it? 4 O& P6 P7 `3 V6 M% R
2 L! D' l4 W6 O: w) x为了讨论的方便,请想象一下,假如你每个星期可以捐献一些时间、每个月可以捐献一些
* X* c7 D. a9 U( H% ? h7 \7 ]钱——你希望这些时间和金钱,可以用到对拯救生命和改善人类生活有最大作用的地方。 0 x3 Z1 J+ w- V J
你会选择什么地方?
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' T: G$ C+ \$ W* t: X2 w$ X8 |For Melinda and for me, the challenge is the same: how can we do the most good * d% G5 c- Y7 c3 X4 f
for the greatest number with the resources we have.
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+ Z4 c5 H l7 d& T: Y' ?对Melinda(注:盖茨的妻子)和我来说,这也是我们面临的问题:我们如何能将我们拥有
0 u! V: r( N6 K, N9 s# u/ [的资源发挥出最大的作用。 0 M/ ?3 F2 p8 [2 Z; K. }
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During our discussions on this question, Melinda and I read an article about t
& J0 T" A# J; l7 S- |he millions of children who were dying every year in poor countries from disea ' g0 H8 A; d! K. s
ses that we had long ago made harmless in this country. Measles, malaria, pneu
0 h0 i! d7 W( ymonia, hepatitis B, yellow fever. One disease I had never even heard of, rotav ' D& U5 C" J/ [
irus, was killing half a million kids each year – none of them in the United * Z: R% D% g! L) v& C& a1 {8 X
States.
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; C( S$ Z3 S9 \在讨论过程中,Melinda和我读到了一篇文章,里面说在那些贫穷的国家,每年有数百万的
5 r6 R5 w Z, B) W4 {儿童死于那些在美国早已不成问题的疾病。麻疹、疟疾、肺炎、乙型肝炎、黄热病、还有
. _8 U! \5 o- u+ D: ^& N一种以前我从未听说过的轮状病毒,这些疾病每年导致50万儿童死亡,但是在美国一例死
$ L8 f) ]. H' o- d亡病例也没有。
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& y# V- m8 v, g# wWe were shocked. We had just assumed that if millions of children were dying a
, X" @' I) u( Q: E8 v0 }3 F* Fnd they could be saved, the world would make it a priority to discover and del # x/ Y$ t3 T# T( O3 T8 M* ~
iver the medicines to save them. But it did not. For under a dollar, there wer
7 X6 s. t7 E, N; V2 pe interventions that could save lives that just weren't being delivered.
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我们被震惊了。我们想,如果几百万儿童正在死亡线上挣扎,而且他们是可以被挽救的,
) O9 N& z! D8 S; s6 X7 F那么世界理应将用药物拯救他们作为头等大事。但是事实并非如此。那些价格还不到一美
% q4 a' n# Z" G) \* R元的救命的药剂,并没有送到他们的手中。 ! q7 w- K4 q- I
- l( |. W& i# o0 D/ _If you believe that every life has equal value, it's revolting to learn that s : g1 E1 h) l" G; R* ]; Z5 s
ome lives are seen as worth saving and others are not. We said to ourselves: "
7 s. K& g0 v- g3 c, r( T; `4 I- gThis can't be true. But if it is true, it deserves to be the priority of our g
y, i) j. ?6 M; S' [0 v" ]5 b0 Riving." ) t/ i7 Q S1 ?/ H8 E
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如果你相信每个生命都是平等的,那么当你发现某些生命被挽救了,而另一些生命被放弃 , p% [: o G) p' I
了,你会感到无法接受。我们对自己说:“事情不可能如此。如果这是真的,那么它理应
% E9 Z8 r3 D5 O& b3 l0 o是我们努力的头等大事。”
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So we began our work in the same way anyone here would begin it. We asked: "Ho
3 ^ Y% K1 n' S$ ?/ Qw could the world let these children die?" 1 T5 ~$ S2 Q4 x( f% ~8 a) q
9 G/ r. \8 X, H: w所以,我们用任何人都会想到的方式开始工作。我们问:“这个世界怎么可以眼睁睁看着
% R% L" n Y; R2 A这些孩子死去?”
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The answer is simple, and harsh. The market did not reward saving the lives of
$ k1 s3 A6 n) V- i) \these children, and governments did not subsidize it. So the children died be
5 f& R9 F9 R& Y$ J% tcause their mothers and their fathers had no power in the market and no voice
) M; a0 _/ T+ s& X7 Rin the system.
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+ u$ n: n, n! K答案很简单,也很令人难堪。在市场经济中,拯救儿童是一项没有利润的工作,政府也不 d- W. M2 ?' U
会提供补助。这些儿童之所以会死亡,是因为他们的父母在经济上没有实力,在政治上没
3 o9 ~, n3 O( h6 d/ @有能力发出声音。
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# P; S* M$ \" Q! dBut you and I have both. ' y7 z& g6 X* ` p8 D7 H
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但是,你们和我在经济上有实力,在政治上能够发出声音。 - V. s1 e3 V x4 b& M* f! ^' _$ w
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We can make market forces work better for the poor if we can develop a more cr , f7 D7 A q# ], G' \
eative capitalism – if we can stretch the reach of market forces so that more 9 c q( i% I! R( ~$ U
people can make a profit, or at least make a living, serving people who are s ' o0 h' i3 G& m6 b/ ^& u6 l
uffering from the worst inequities. We also can press governments around the w 7 U$ U& a4 z" N6 | E" L; k
orld to spend taxpayer money in ways that better reflect the values of the peo # O7 }' k# W0 @, ?
ple who pay the taxes.
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7 Y5 U+ l. i% x N2 `! A我们可以让市场更好地为穷人服务,如果我们能够设计出一种更有创新性的资本主义制度
K# R# M$ m z& S' c$ c, y——如果我们可以改变市场,让更多的人可以获得利润,或者至少可以维持生活——那么 $ u" P' {/ m( o) p
,这就可以帮到那些正在极端不平等的状况中受苦的人们。我们还可以向全世界的政府施 . r, H2 f1 l) M$ N; b# y j
压,要求他们将纳税人的钱,花到更符合纳税人价值观的地方。 - ]. E3 ?$ y# `; A; j i5 `& S
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If we can find approaches that meet the needs of the poor in ways that generat
: T8 J3 \; J0 l! Oe profits for business and votes for politicians, we will have found a sustain
' q: J, C- n$ x9 V$ ?7 y7 U) Yable way to reduce inequity in the world. This task is open-ended. It can neve
+ l% w& U. Z! `5 J4 _r be finished. But a conscious effort to answer this challenge will change the $ A5 w- \& a! Y' m
world.
# F8 [( z1 i ~/ K' d9 A6 v7 m5 A' m; J
如果我们能够找到这样一种方法,既可以帮到穷人,又可以为商人带来利润,为政治家带 : ?, P: t- M# G' X. _1 \
来选票,那么我们就找到了一种减少世界性不平等的可持续的发展道路。这个任务是无限 0 H# e/ C+ _9 x' S2 ]
的。它不可能被完全完成,但是任何自觉地解决这个问题的尝试,都将会改变这个世界。
; F; y5 ?) s! A! k" K3 `- j1 o! \
1 \( s N# ]( s& y/ H% e( U
i) P! z/ H3 D' Z1 bI am optimistic that we can do this, but I talk to skeptics who claim there is
8 g5 Q/ w( O. F/ nno hope. They say: "Inequity has been with us since the beginning, and will b
' M# P9 }/ O1 T1 m7 ?! De with us till the end – because people just … don't … care." I completely 4 D8 S2 D2 U1 _0 R+ x
disagree.
6 N+ E! O5 Q+ B0 v9 I/ D0 ^& E. ^+ V
在这个问题上,我是乐观的。但是,我也遇到过那些感到绝望的怀疑主义者。他们说:“ - m$ q2 x6 E# t- y# i# q9 O
不平等从人类诞生的第一天就存在,到人类灭亡的最后一天也将存在。——因为人类对这 # ]8 Z& ^2 o- q
个问题根本不在乎。”我完全不能同意这种观点。 . o% c& S+ l( C/ L: i
C( F9 g: F; P4 O( TI believe we have more caring than we know what to do with. " Z$ l: O- J% Z/ Y: b
* E8 y0 Y0 W7 [# K7 m' g
我相信,问题不是我们不在乎,而是我们不知道怎么做。
t% R! m* ^) h8 q9 {. R& i H
, e! } Y. P3 [, W# S' rAll of us here in this Yard, at one time or another, have seen human tragedies 0 @+ T: D& t9 ?
that broke our hearts, and yet we did nothing – not because we didn't care,
9 M. B/ {2 r3 [* q, N6 Dbut because we didn't know what to do. If we had known how to help, we would h
' [1 G2 ?, K+ q2 ?/ T* K" ?) K s; Have acted. # v9 @/ c1 `/ W, y* r$ v8 x
7 B( j8 g3 E$ q; _1 Q) m此刻在这个院子里的所有人,生命中总有这样或那样的时刻,目睹人类的悲剧,感到万分 # m# g, o9 E7 V& K! B
伤心。但是我们什么也没做,并非我们无动于衷,而是因为我们不知道做什么和怎么做。 * f N* J0 g* O/ F0 C {' k% m
如果我们知道如何做是有效的,那么我们就会采取行动。 % p- P6 T. e# w. x
0 S/ t& Y7 s: K
The barrier to change is not too little caring; it is too much complexity. % Q% r( Y" T, G' G# j) @& y9 l0 E
# w: u. _: W7 h s: E; F
改变世界的阻碍,并非人类的冷漠,而是世界实在太复杂。
) O$ y# t9 H3 \3 H8 H. |
! O; U/ k2 o5 p$ t- \; d \/ B7 @To turn caring into action, we need to see a problem, see a solution, and see
1 ^# {( F6 e- B, Xthe impact. But complexity blocks all three steps.
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0 }+ }" i' k) [9 e, M( j2 Q为了将关心转变为行动,我们需要找到问题,发现解决办法的方法,评估后果。但是世界 $ J/ f8 \# G2 E6 b: r6 [4 ^2 ?
的复杂性使得所有这些步骤都难于做到。 & @7 q9 h r" Y% l5 f
2 J8 k2 t7 r/ g; W# _0 e6 u( tEven with the advent of the Internet and 24-hour news, it is still a complex e
& J" i; \7 x2 R, \+ unterprise to get people to truly see the problems. When an airplane crashes, o
! U$ m% O) V. W* U6 {) Lfficials immediately call a press conference. They promise to investigate, det
W4 T5 Z( p" iermine the cause, and prevent similar crashes in the future. ( P* n# p+ G3 I
; W3 Z8 m/ Y1 f/ }1 a即使有了互联网和24小时直播的新闻台,让人们真正发现问题所在,仍然十分困难。当一 ' p3 N% }3 j4 D; S0 {$ r
架飞机坠毁了,官员们会立刻召开新闻发布会,他们承诺进行调查、找到原因、防止将来
* Z. E% E- @4 Q& `5 @) G* R$ Y再次发生类似事故。
4 M, P; H) l( t- j+ r" R2 X- ?$ k* g ^. p1 B( r
But if the officials were brutally honest, they would say: "Of all the people
# C; W7 b- }! lin the world who died today from preventable causes, one half of one percent o 8 B, k6 r$ {; F9 n7 e; A
f them were on this plane. We're determined to do everything possible to solve - c, Y# y! ?/ X0 f+ |2 D
the problem that took the lives of the one half of one percent."
4 V, N N2 g: L. {+ T
3 W: T3 r2 o" B9 e* W8 \3 A/ ]但是如果那些官员敢说真话,他们就会说:“在今天这一天,全世界所有可以避免的死亡 - X5 e* o% G$ h. _' W1 c3 ^
之中,只有0.5%的死者来自于这次空难。我们决心尽一切努力,调查这个0.5%的死亡原因 6 J4 x8 F* ?4 D
。”
' n' V, t/ h* ~3 x5 E5 u
# O! R9 g1 y/ A s8 f* LThe bigger problem is not the plane crash, but the millions of preventable dea
! I6 e" ] H, l' sths.
- }* _' ^8 v7 h. \0 j/ O4 e3 t4 X7 y+ f4 R+ e+ Q) @) c0 F
显然,更重要的问题不是这次空难,而是其他几百万可以预防的死亡事件。 * d* u# B0 _' o
' f% \8 e% Y5 X( }
We don't read much about these deaths. The media covers what's new – and mill & q4 W3 Z! M8 x
ions of people dying is nothing new. So it stays in the background, where it's
# F! t+ y9 K! ]+ l2 D1 Peasier to ignore. But even when we do see it or read about it, it's difficult
; o; G0 V0 H( G3 d0 S- \% Nto keep our eyes on the problem. It's hard to look at suffering if the situat
; d9 ]* e" ^& o, I8 A" ]! {1 u" Jion is so complex that we don't know how to help. And so we look away. ; K; T* \; h# Z; _+ d5 i" S
' K9 d+ k2 n. g6 L0 U) r. l
我们并没有很多机会了解那些死亡事件。媒体总是报告新闻,几百万人将要死去并非新闻 - {& }1 v# k; H
。如果没有人报道,那么这些事件就很容易被忽视。另一方面,即使我们确实目睹了事件 # Q% V! T+ G0 p4 U$ P4 i
本身或者看到了相关报道,我们也很难持续关注这些事件。看着他人受苦是令人痛苦的, 4 `6 ]# e9 A p
何况问题又如此复杂,我们根本不知道如何去帮助他人。所以我们会将脸转过去。
* n) R/ |' m/ P$ `+ o& J9 m1 S+ e, z- R3 J) ]+ y
If we can really see a problem, which is the first step, we come to the second & l9 t; A0 A4 B) L) ]: ?3 ?: I
step: cutting through the complexity to find a solution.
7 v7 @% p' m c5 ^3 i( @
9 S3 ]. a, s4 O3 S% p/ w$ H就算我们真正发现了问题所在,也不过是迈出了第一步,接着还有第二步:那就是从复杂
6 U; W( j$ S+ U1 P" ^4 A9 h9 s的事件中找到解决办法。
9 ?6 y/ ^5 Q% Q1 D ` U) C/ o1 j' y2 ?5 w" U, O6 u; m
Finding solutions is essential if we want to make the most of our caring. If w
6 I/ S2 D, \7 m& Y$ ?e have clear and proven answers anytime an organization or individual asks "Ho . ], l5 m$ k" z+ O2 t4 g
w can I help?," then we can get action – and we can make sure that none of th
4 H9 ]- M/ [2 i' Y# R2 m5 Ne caring in the world is wasted. But complexity makes it hard to mark a path o % n5 {& ~- m9 v4 h" d
f action for everyone who cares — and that makes it hard for their caring to
5 }1 Z3 R2 U! r5 Y; j {1 Bmatter.
9 y' i8 N% [, }/ K: a/ N9 c) b" w
r+ F2 x% t9 A/ c: \" y如果我们要让关心落到实处,我们就必须找到解决办法。如果我们有一个清晰的和可靠的 ; N2 x" h4 m+ h9 _
答案,那么当任何组织和个人发出疑问“如何我能提供帮助”的时候,我们就能采取行动
' ]; G$ U6 s$ r( @" l9 ^。我们就能够保证不浪费一丁点全世界人类对他人的关心。但是,世界的复杂性使得很难 * B3 `7 t; ]+ o( k9 h z- x
找到对全世界每一个有爱心的人都有效的行动方法,因此人类对他人的关心往往很难产生 o9 j, X; [7 T6 V0 n
实际效果。 ; E" Z9 c, \8 K/ [2 g) a( ^% W
9 A% @' q1 n4 T# e- E
Cutting through complexity to find a solution runs through four predictable st
7 \& r; c7 x" J) ^5 Z/ R% R3 {ages: determine a goal, find the highest-leverage approach, discover the ideal
4 Q. t# j% C* A, K3 K: Dtechnology for that approach, and in the meantime, make the smartest applicat * u) r) z5 @! V
ion of the technology that you already have — whether it's something sophisti + \. e4 a9 r$ Z4 V M- Y# G
cated, like a drug, or something simpler, like a bednet.
$ V4 j* d- i4 J5 @( [, m6 T$ S; ?* U
从这个复杂的世界中找到解决办法,可以分为四个步骤:确定目标,找到最高效的方法,
4 v& h# c% u' s4 l7 N发现适用于这个方法的新技术,同时最聪明地利用现有的技术,不管它是复杂的药物,还
- K' I- l: g+ }. `7 A0 ]是最简单的蚊帐。 ; n, ]9 k, J, _9 o) [8 w8 L; R5 ^
% V& Q# i5 ?+ \' A
The AIDS epidemic offers an example. The broad goal, of course, is to end the
2 k5 O' z% J# Adisease. The highest-leverage approach is prevention. The ideal technology wou 3 t3 h' J8 b$ N* w+ d$ D& q" G9 V" _0 F
ld be a vaccine that gives lifetime immunity with a single dose. So government 3 U& X0 I7 z2 S/ q+ _
s, drug companies, and foundations fund vaccine research. But their work is li ~, t6 w% E! U L' q
kely to take more than a decade, so in the meantime, we have to work with what 9 ~: J9 D1 }5 k5 H y. h! P# ^5 S& U
we have in hand – and the best prevention approach we have now is getting pe E' ^% [ C) ]
ople to avoid risky behavior.
. c6 A f1 p0 A# E3 z. q+ ]
% b/ [; S% R& w/ h" d2 Z! @' e艾滋病就是一个例子。总的目标,毫无疑问是消灭这种疾病。最高效的方法是预防。最理
/ X1 `6 T, b! e, T! `3 U! t想的技术是发明一种疫苗,只要注射一次,就可以终生免疫。所以,政府、制药公司、基 ) C3 i- m$ x7 B' E! N; K+ b* _; W% v8 l
金会应该资助疫苗研究。但是,这样研究工作很可能十年之内都无法完成。因此,与此同 : I" N' U2 j+ a' Y' [
时,我们必须使用现有的技术,目前最有效的预防方法就是设法让人们避免那些危险的行 0 j0 A' k$ R! _0 o
为。 * X, Y: T! j! ]* E
- u# `$ ~0 N' T* GPursuing that goal starts the four-step cycle again. This is the pattern. The 7 ^& i# _2 N7 @6 d( s
crucial thing is to never stop thinking and working – and never do what we di + J" \3 O P3 m0 u
d with malaria and tuberculosis in the 20th century – which is to surrender t
- Y O! Q7 q, jo complexity and quit. % p0 S* w ?6 O) M* p
- l- ^1 F7 [7 B6 U
要实现这个新的目标,又可以采用新的四步循环。这是一种模式。关键的东西是永远不要
( v9 p8 d' b3 p6 {1 X停止思考和行动。我们千万不能再犯上个世纪在疟疾和肺结核上犯过的错误,那时我们因
. \9 S3 M( g$ r k! _为它们太复杂,而放弃了采取行动。
) p0 \) f" t6 J- w7 q; G, O( v6 q5 e4 l0 E% S2 i+ v/ Q$ b
The final step – after seeing the problem and finding an approach – is to me , V9 a7 l% m( r
asure the impact of your work and share your successes and failures so that ot , i) \8 z% f7 X% U& S
hers learn from your efforts.
7 n; |% w: W/ Z" e0 b: s5 b/ H$ W& g, u% z
在发现问题和找到解决方法之后,就是最后一步——评估工作结果,将你的成功经验或者 9 w; }2 Y, K* } o0 ^+ d; k" t
失败经验传播出去,这样其他人就可以从你的努力中有所收获。
: U; K/ S5 x: B* _' y
- N/ N$ f! b4 v* zYou have to have the statistics, of course. You have to be able to show that a 0 k% u a9 c9 ^6 W/ c
program is vaccinating millions more children. You have to be able to show a " Y# ?4 ~2 p M/ P* U
decline in the number of children dying from these diseases. This is essential 8 i6 J! Y7 ~( G9 @0 Z
not just to improve the program, but also to help draw more investment from b 8 G: J) h% |* a- w. v; Q
usiness and government.
. ]. F) q7 `+ G8 l" ^. _, R- B; O& M( Y6 H8 k2 e# f |
当然,你必须有一些统计数字。你必须让他人知道,你的项目为几百万儿童新接种了疫苗 5 d" z9 Z) L* R4 N7 K5 t: B' R* ?
。你也必须让他人知道,儿童死亡人数下降了多少。这些都是很关键的,不仅有利于改善
: E. m' H8 Z4 D2 d" L; P) Q% ]项目效果,也有利于从商界和政府得到更多的帮助。
8 p$ X6 N. `! b* _0 F4 Y$ E" F& }, P2 Y5 d
But if you want to inspire people to participate, you have to show more than n 5 _9 l+ z2 E4 J' s$ J" _
umbers; you have to convey the human impact of the work – so people can feel 1 ?% m3 l5 k: @9 ^+ J
what saving a life means to the families affected.
. a/ w' n1 V' l+ n2 I6 [6 @9 \4 c' q' K5 b3 G' C" X
但是,这些还不够,如果你想激励其他人参加你的项目,你就必须拿出更多的统计数字;
1 K" M. q' n) K3 P+ k3 |* P1 N你必须展示你的项目的人性因素,这样其他人就会感到拯救一个生命,对那些处在困境中
5 m& N6 t+ e2 Z0 C* g2 u$ y; g1 z4 U的家庭到底意味着什么。
8 w( T) N+ p. D8 m7 [8 g6 [; f+ C$ Q
I remember going to Davos some years back and sitting on a global health panel
8 R0 Y* { i+ A& _6 l( x5 Lthat was discussing ways to save millions of lives. Millions! Think of the th
& i& P! M/ \, C( j y7 [7 lrill of saving just one person's life – then multiply that by millions. … Ye # E! ?- n. o5 y( o' I6 |! Q, V
t this was the most boring panel I've ever been on – ever. So boring even I c
& Z, p5 \2 F* P$ o" c0 Souldn't bear it. & E. i7 k1 q$ `
/ u* t t! P3 E9 z" u& H
几年前,我去瑞士达沃斯旁听一个全球健康问题论坛,会议的内容有关于如何拯救几百万
. X4 C. u; J$ W条生命。天哪,是几百万!想一想吧,拯救一个人的生命已经让人何等激动,现在你要把
4 \% h2 Q' x% a& z1 J1 U3 e这种激动再乘上几百万倍……但是,不幸的是,这是我参加过的最最乏味的论坛,乏味到
. n# T/ x& l. Z/ n* H, s; m8 D我无法强迫自己听下去。
/ U- V. ^: X4 o9 P$ L% J; y) t6 E$ y5 c$ |9 t( k" B
What made that experience especially striking was that I had just come from an 5 d/ I8 d: v# _: L7 f
event where we were introducing version 13 of some piece of software, and we
# Q- E* ]* E# d2 @4 Z8 B7 i2 p4 `had people jumping and shouting with excitement. I love getting people excited
9 _; O% s) I& S8 Q; W( O; cabout software – but why can't we generate even more excitement for saving l 9 U& o1 V" {9 o# U& S% U( o7 E
ives? . z+ \/ K$ e W: Y% P
4 F& P l2 O4 c% q那次经历之所以让我难忘,是因为之前我们刚刚发布了一个软件的第13个版本,我们让观 # d' \2 |% U( Q$ m, R" c
众激动得跳了起来,喊出了声。我喜欢人们因为软件而感到激动,那么我们为什么不能够
8 X& \6 Q7 o2 J8 D4 m让人们因为能够拯救生命而感到更加激动呢?
. O! }* M; Z: b! E2 |$ M
# h+ R6 C5 ~0 C* vYou can't get people excited unless you can help them see and feel the impact.
3 d/ e! @8 n f5 r1 L' zAnd how you do that – is a complex question.
/ o; |9 j6 A( m& x5 Z' O* k+ w0 \, ? E; Z( o, M4 `$ X
除非你能够让人们看到或者感受到行动的影响力,否则你无法让人们激动。如何做到这一 K4 `/ D% Z8 F( D
点,并不是一件简单的事。 6 d8 D% k5 i0 v. d, g
/ U' j; m% \7 G# U/ R5 w# e, aStill, I'm optimistic. Yes, inequity has been with us forever, but the new too |9 Q/ n3 d; Y/ J3 ]
ls we have to cut through complexity have not been with us forever. They are n
6 a. U. l( |# j0 Q9 F2 j! M$ Rew – they can help us make the most of our caring – and that's why the futur " w" `. j( q: d5 V
e can be different from the past. : y- Q% m, o1 [
! n1 j) W3 ?: `, X3 G同前面一样,在这个问题上,我依然是乐观的。不错,人类的不平等有史以来一直存在, 4 {8 I5 ^1 `2 `
但是那些能够化繁为简的新工具,却是最近才出现的。这些新工具可以帮助我们,将人类
, C$ k5 q- T3 X2 O的同情心发挥最大的作用,这就是为什么将来同过去是不一样的。
' K8 |$ o. _* }3 U" x! X, X3 W9 f% ]# e; m7 A) `$ j4 t
The defining and ongoing innovations of this age – biotechnology, the compute
8 W: _ M% P' }) tr, the Internet – give us a chance we've never had before to end extreme pove 3 A9 i; M+ i4 N$ J7 _, h& z6 U
rty and end death from preventable disease. 3 S/ g4 l: H: F( S: _# a( ?
2 M3 X. A# k" n' ^& v( T这个时代无时无刻不在涌现出新的革新——生物技术,计算机,互联网——它们给了我们
) m/ J, ]! S' l; ~0 w一个从未有过的机会,去终结那些极端的贫穷和非恶性疾病的死亡。
1 u, G- l4 x9 a+ T
8 Y( s# y3 e$ J3 pSixty years ago, George Marshall came to this commencement and announced a pla ( I" _; P# u$ T5 i6 R; z+ u
n to assist the nations of post-war Europe. He said: "I think one difficulty i
) n0 p- |: L, a5 ?" R1 bs that the problem is one of such enormous complexity that the very mass of fa * I5 _) N9 ]: p2 V
cts presented to the public by press and radio make it exceedingly difficult f $ @; G6 c3 N2 ~9 N! U- U
or the man in the street to reach a clear appraisement of the situation. It is 9 H! G6 o n% q( N! r; \" h2 Z1 ]
virtually impossible at this distance to grasp at all the real significance o . j: K3 y6 j$ C
f the situation."
+ ?1 d; e3 x; ^; I! M' ]$ z; L2 h/ }& ]
六十年前,乔治·马歇尔也是在这个地方的毕业典礼上,宣布了一个计划,帮助那些欧洲 0 ]+ y9 K! U- {7 \7 y# E
国家的战后建设。他说:“我认为,困难的一点是这个问题太复杂,报纸和电台向公众源 / |/ ^/ Y' r1 P% y- H& ]
源不断地提供各种事实,使得大街上的普通人极端难于清晰地判断形势。事实上,经过层 ' w* g( Q7 h2 m) }& z
层传播,想要真正地把握形势,是根本不可能的。”
2 s+ z) L* M- l" M6 X* [ K q+ Q0 z7 O5 ^ v3 [
Thirty years after Marshall made his address, as my class graduated without me ) F) Y2 Z- E8 `' N9 r. q; \% B) c @
, technology was emerging that would make the world smaller, more open, more v ) J2 w: h+ M2 { N% R/ k
isible, less distant. * S. `; F4 {9 g% \6 v
" b1 T& w6 w$ j) y* j3 Y" q
马歇尔发表这个演讲之后的三十年,我那一届学生毕业,当然我不在其中。那时,新技术 & x" U# T% b, C6 B4 t0 a
刚刚开始萌芽,它们将使得这个世界变得更小、更开放、更容易看到、距离更近。
8 \3 V* J# W- j3 E; J
, u( T% \9 g3 c0 \: NThe emergence of low-cost personal computers gave rise to a powerful network t
# u l& Y2 z% T) ^: g! fhat has transformed opportunities for learning and communicating.
6 w, `6 f- j$ @
/ \$ R, P$ U, [4 g" n低成本的个人电脑的出现,使得一个强大的互联网有机会诞生,它为学习和交流提供了巨 # p5 ~0 T/ V0 o. n
大的机会。 0 P( z/ F! r: ^0 A
7 q0 S- {, V4 Z2 e# t* r5 CThe magical thing about this network is not just that it collapses distance an 8 x7 E3 Q& ~3 ^( t- [7 p
d makes everyone your neighbor. It also dramatically increases the number of b
2 m9 {' u5 K" U( T! c7 grilliant minds we can have working together on the same problem – and that sc 1 f7 x# z6 t4 \. ^. Q) j' B
ales up the rate of innovation to a staggering degree. 0 R# b& N3 L q
8 v5 v/ R0 c4 K3 H) _* G网络的神奇之处,不仅仅是它缩短了物理距离,使得天涯若比邻。它还极大地增加了怀有 6 K$ M) z% j; c! N+ q! G
共同想法的人们聚集在一起的机会,我们可以为了解决同一个问题,一起共同工作。这就 / L+ T# ^& q! O
大大加快了革新的进程,发展速度简直快得让人震惊。
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At the same time, for every person in the world who has access to this technol ' ~7 M; Q) o# b
ogy, five people don't. That means many creative minds are left out of this di
- `& f) Z# x# f6 ]/ h( }scussion -- smart people with practical intelligence and relevant experience w
/ S% m) X/ I: Q. B9 c! _% {9 z' bho don't have the technology to hone their talents or contribute their ideas t
) F9 X/ D- H2 e; go the world.
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与此同时,世界上有条件上网的人,只是全部人口的六分之一。这意味着,还有许多具有
7 b! v" _+ Q9 ?& J. w/ D创造性的人们,没有加入到我们的讨论中来。那些有着实际的操作经验和相关经历的聪明
* s$ p, n1 h; U3 e, H1 ?人,却没有技术来帮助他们,将他们的天赋或者想法与全世界分享。 4 n& |% V7 Y1 B# r
7 A; A/ W W- ]2 P3 {8 W4 rWe need as many people as possible to have access to this technology, because
8 g* Y/ c% R6 {2 }! G1 Y7 A7 othese advances are triggering a revolution in what human beings can do for one 7 v2 g, C N( G @$ }, z. s" w
another. They are making it possible not just for national governments, but f 8 Z8 x) t- i4 g a0 [+ p
or universities, corporations, smaller organizations, and even individuals to . O2 j" a) T$ W7 Y" @
see problems, see approaches, and measure the impact of their efforts to addre 0 I$ P# Q$ s8 Y7 X
ss the hunger, poverty, and desperation George Marshall spoke of 60 years ago.
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$ }3 S8 {2 t9 @2 O
8 H1 F9 d- C! x. z2 e6 i0 L8 h我们需要尽可能地让更多的人有机会使用新技术,因为这些新技术正在引发一场革命,人
: U8 F$ b# X, d0 [) ]1 G( C* d类将因此可以互相帮助。新技术正在创造一种可能,不仅是政府,还包括大学、公司、小 % Q$ J1 O- Z" M7 D+ Q1 T
机构、甚至个人,能够发现问题所在、能够找到解决办法、能够评估他们努力的效果,去 % z, x7 B$ k# ~0 U
改变那些马歇尔六十年前就说到过的问题——饥饿、贫穷和绝望。 ! f! I! E4 g4 D& K
$ j$ F9 G& @: w% ?Members of the Harvard Family: Here in the Yard is one of the great collection
. Y9 v# E+ T6 T2 k; a! f' b- ?4 Es of intellectual talent in the world. ) P! X: O% q" q% I7 I
) C7 ~' H4 R1 f+ T6 r1 p3 z0 O哈佛是一个大家庭。这个院子里在场的人们,是全世界最有智力的人类群体之一。
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( W( ^; e+ q1 ^7 fWhat for? 9 B' L2 P1 ?5 I$ J, F+ A# j4 D8 Y
& n" J9 ?2 i6 t1 G, {/ a$ a* l, N我们可以做些什么? ( I: \" N' S4 J& w" ]: a0 S8 W3 I
2 P5 J# r4 R2 J/ U! a" iThere is no question that the faculty, the alumni, the students, and the benef
7 v+ R$ X& K7 Y; R$ ~; v2 b, A8 _actors of Harvard have used their power to improve the lives of people here an
. n* A `+ X8 f3 C# S" E/ @d around the world. But can we do more? Can Harvard dedicate its intellect to
5 Z, d) ] y( H) a/ m" Limproving the lives of people who will never even hear its name? + F% L4 |/ o1 i' S
: ], Q+ o8 Y7 y: \3 p" r
毫无疑问,哈佛的老师、校友、学生和资助者,已经用他们的能力改善了全世界各地人们
; {1 O2 l% D! i9 g7 y- ?% K的生活。但是,我们还能够再做什么呢?有没有可能,哈佛的人们可以将他们的智慧,用
/ X* u8 X+ [. [5 {来帮助那些甚至从来没有听到过“哈佛”这个名字的人?
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5 ^" m9 U {# Y5 `- j0 \7 FLet me make a request of the deans and the professors – the intellectual lead - J3 I: ]; R; r6 Y- \" _0 J
ers here at Harvard: As you hire new faculty, award tenure, review curriculum, ' X% X+ q. G, V0 B8 y( C% C
and determine degree requirements, please ask yourselves: & E! \/ D& _# |1 D& {0 X6 E
5 w6 J. L/ m3 A4 ~0 ?请允许我向各位院长和教授,提出一个请求——你们是哈佛的智力领袖,当你们雇用新的 . v4 J* ]3 a6 E
老师、授予终身教职、评估课程、决定学位颁发标准的时候,请问你们自己如下的问题:
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0 B0 \3 K! a, ^& j: `" p6 X. _
9 C" f5 C' Q. Q2 N$ OShould our best minds be dedicated to solving our biggest problems? 7 }1 }0 P" R; F" U7 |0 v9 f
$ O% O6 X n6 @! ?+ a, Y% C我们最优秀的人才是否在致力于解决我们最大的问题?
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' X3 H# w; F8 w9 V( Z( CShould Harvard encourage its faculty to take on the world's worst inequities? 8 I( t. D! S* }' G
Should Harvard students learn about the depth of global poverty … the prevale ' T+ E0 [+ E- \- }$ D0 X
nce of world hunger … the scarcity of clean water …the girls kept out of sch 1 C7 R& \" Q6 j; _7 ?
ool … the children who die from diseases we can cure?
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- m" {, _7 d' C6 K5 _哈佛是否鼓励她的老师去研究解决世界上最严重的不平等?哈佛的学生是否从全球那些极 , X' s! g, G0 U! X
端的贫穷中学到了什么……世界性的饥荒……清洁的水资源的缺乏……无法上学的女童… * k8 U1 x5 y0 K! H
…死于非恶性疾病的儿童……哈佛的学生有没有从中学到东西? & G- t! k; d& Z7 A4 f; @% l
+ q J y. B. RShould the world's most privileged people learn about the lives of the world's & U9 G+ E1 k& l. V5 {4 R
least privileged?
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/ @7 Y) Z) n% p G1 w那些世界上过着最优越生活的人们,有没有从那些最困难的人们身上学到东西? ' ^& F5 j- c' w$ f- C
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These are not rhetorical questions – you will answer with your policies.
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6 i, f, Q1 U' \2 |; ]. F这些问题并非语言上的修辞。你必须用自己的行动来回答它们。
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My mother, who was filled with pride the day I was admitted here – never stop
" i; W1 B% j* Z. y4 H; ]0 v* E7 iped pressing me to do more for others. A few days before my wedding, she hoste . r4 f: o5 v/ `# \6 E4 ?
d a bridal event, at which she read aloud a letter about marriage that she had
0 S& ]1 F" ^* z% m" T2 M7 V' b5 lwritten to Melinda. My mother was very ill with cancer at the time, but she s ) S& d, \ w. R' x/ i; ]7 r$ ?0 M
aw one more opportunity to deliver her message, and at the close of the letter 7 d8 w" A6 q( [/ k- Q- G1 w, \
she said: "From those to whom much is given, much is expected." " y- M5 V) v3 O: G
6 g/ B' Y6 P. a+ l+ Q我的母亲在我被哈佛大学录取的那一天,曾经感到非常骄傲。她从没有停止督促我,去为 6 {* X c0 y. p; t" F# B
他人做更多的事情。在我结婚的前几天,她主持了一个新娘进我家的仪式。在这个仪式上
2 r- }) a9 e8 _$ Y7 C) Z' M,她高声朗读了一封关于婚姻的信,这是她写给Melinda的。那时,我的母亲已经因为癌症 ) _$ G8 e6 S* P# E. s
病入膏肓,但是她还是认为这是又一个传播她的信念的机会。在那封信的结尾,她写道: ; F$ J% Y; p- D* _4 s; [
“对于那些接受了许多帮助的人们,他们还在期待更多的帮助。你的能力越大,人们对你 & t! ?4 u: f( G* F, h# a1 q
的期望也就越大。” : I5 J* ]5 d9 t. B# l
+ n4 z9 h& b% T8 o$ [When you consider what those of us here in this Yard have been given – in tal 0 ]4 _$ h! e( m$ f: I6 u' s
ent, privilege, and opportunity – there is almost no limit to what the world ( E. k1 M9 _% k$ H2 ]& L9 z
has a right to expect from us. & M" f5 C! j- R$ P1 I2 ?' p
. z$ p" J7 i7 ]1 A! l+ e7 W& U* }2 `想一想吧,我们在这个院子里的这些人,被给予过什么——天赋、特权、机遇——那么可 & c' r$ ~& i' b3 I/ s" g0 S& J& u; ~
以这样说,全世界的人们几乎有无限的权力,期待我们做出贡献。 4 I. R; ^' Q' T% q) ]
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In line with the promise of this age, I want to exhort each of the graduates h 7 X( I6 f2 `8 _
ere to take on an issue – a complex problem, a deep inequity, and become a sp
+ O9 t# I( k* a4 Z4 M; |ecialist on it. If you make it the focus of your career, that would be phenome ' r) D$ l" w2 I1 q5 J4 T- \4 R; Z
nal. But you don't have to do that to make an impact. For a few hours every we 0 I% u+ {; N! K& w9 L% x
ek, you can use the growing power of the Internet to get informed, find others + _4 ?4 ~$ }# k$ \. O( ~- ~. {4 g
with the same interests, see the barriers, and find ways to cut through them. 9 c3 O8 y* r% I0 K& S# _
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同这个时代的期望一样,我也要向今天各位毕业的同学提出一个忠告:你们要选择一个问
, l* U$ u w' _8 B# e题,一个复杂的问题,一个有关于人类深刻的不平等的问题,然后你们要变成这个问题的 . }* O, a1 B, R6 R$ L
专家。如果你们能够使得这个问题成为你们职业的核心,那么你们就会非常杰出。但是,
7 W& _7 }2 q) e# R) _1 ]' Q, o' G你们不必一定要去做那些大事。每个星期只用几个小时,你就可以通过互联网得到信息,
" L1 X2 L* O1 r3 T) V/ q找到志同道合的朋友,发现困难所在,找到解决它们的途径。
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1 p! P; u& O; t) p r0 PDon't let complexity stop you. Be activists. Take on the big inequities. It wi ( @0 @2 n0 S1 A" [' b' {, F5 A& M
ll be one of the great experiences of your lives. ; l- N4 l2 \' s* q
; v7 i5 Z# p) P% K- `. @/ ~/ M: G不要让这个世界的复杂性阻碍你前进。要成为一个行动主义者。将解决人类的不平等视为 ) d4 R9 U( o1 w- }7 w
己任。它将成为你生命中最重要的经历之一。
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7 U( t3 D4 g0 Z0 n0 `' W! IYou graduates are coming of age in an amazing time. As you leave Harvard, you
( T5 f u2 h% f8 [$ ]( P# T* M6 g; v1 uhave technology that members of my class never had. You have awareness of glob 9 \$ ^7 L' i$ P- \! q4 F9 t
al inequity, which we did not have. And with that awareness, you likely also h
1 S0 }2 N0 n0 i5 z- @5 ], L s# Aave an informed conscience that will torment you if you abandon these people w % K5 O2 z0 }+ } e2 G
hose lives you could change with very little effort. You have more than we had " _/ ]1 q% N# p0 M9 j o1 o, _
; you must start sooner, and carry on longer.
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+ R0 X5 @- ~% a. t/ w* O7 [ z在座的各位毕业的同学,你们所处的时代是一个神奇的时代。当你们离开哈佛的时候,你
, v4 {: E9 L' |$ N们拥有的技术,是我们那一届学生所没有的。你们已经了解到了世界上的不平等,我们那
, D7 `2 k% X' _. g2 [时还不知道这些。有了这样的了解之后,要是你再弃那些你可以帮助的人们于不顾,就将 $ w3 M6 p; Z3 _# Q( u
受到良心的谴责,只需一点小小的努力,你就可以改变那些人们的生活。你们比我们拥有
" X2 R2 o+ [. l0 p7 I" @更大的能力;你们必须尽早开始,尽可能长时期坚持下去。
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Knowing what you know, how could you not?
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; L2 n e j; Q' f' E知道了你们所知道的一切,你们怎么可能不采取行动呢?
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And I hope you will come back here to Harvard 30 years from now and reflect on % p( g* M2 J6 y0 }6 ]
what you have done with your talent and your energy. I hope you will judge yo % @7 d: D3 l: w1 y/ f. V( m
urselves not on your professional accomplishments alone, but also on how well 0 O$ D5 C* O+ z. [
you have addressed the world's deepest inequities … on how well you treated p . O6 w) t+ {4 {0 B
eople a world away who have nothing in common with you but their humanity. 9 h2 b. O2 ~' I# `2 {, a9 O% b
8 v1 `$ G% N, n5 f9 `1 }我希望,30年后你们还会再回到哈佛,想起你们用自己的天赋和能力所做出的一切。我希
; c m M# e& t5 M望,在那个时候,你们用来评价自己的标准,不仅仅是你们的专业成就,而包括你们为改
# V- O5 f& V9 O+ o1 }, B" F变这个世界深刻的不平等所做出的努力,以及你们如何善待那些远隔千山万水、与你们毫
0 Z. i( q" C% g7 K4 T5 |不涉及的人们,你们与他们唯一的共同点就是同为人类。 |
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