冬泳健身机制探讨(三):冬泳对血压和脉搏的影响
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 6pt 15.05pt 0pt 0cm; TEXT-INDENT: 32.2pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-para-margin-top: .5gd; mso-para-margin-right: 15.05pt; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-para-margin-left: 0cm" align=left><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: blue; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">冬泳对人的脉搏和血压的影响如何呢?有学者对此进行了研究。研究对象为<SPAN lang=EN-US>49</SPAN>名冬泳爱好者,坚持冬泳时间<SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN>~<SPAN lang=EN-US>l5</SPAN>年,其中男性<SPAN lang=EN-US>4O</SPAN>人,女性<SPAN lang=EN-US>9</SPAN>人;年龄<SPAN lang=EN-US>18</SPAN>~<SPAN lang=EN-US>68</SPAN>岁,平均<SPAN lang=EN-US>43.98</SPAN>岁;患有高血压者<SPAN lang=EN-US>12</SPAN>人占<SPAN lang=EN-US>24.49</SPAN>%;每次冬泳时间<SPAN lang=EN-US>2</SPAN>~<SPAN lang=EN-US>20</SPAN>分钟,平均<SPAN lang=EN-US>7.61</SPAN>分钟。<SPAN lang=EN-US><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></B></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 6pt 15.05pt 0pt 0cm; TEXT-INDENT: 32.2pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-para-margin-top: .5gd; mso-para-margin-right: 15.05pt; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-para-margin-left: 0cm" align=left><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: blue; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">检测在冬泳现场进行。对冬泳者穿好游泳服入水前<SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN>分钟内、游泳结束离水<SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN>分钟内和<SPAN lang=EN-US>15</SPAN>分钟后分别测量其血压、脉搏。所得数据行统计学处理。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></B></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 6pt 15.05pt 0pt 0cm; TEXT-INDENT: 32.2pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-para-margin-top: .5gd; mso-para-margin-right: 15.05pt; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-para-margin-left: 0cm" align=left><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: blue; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">结果:收缩压、舒张压和脉搏离水<SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN>分钟内较入水前明显增加<SPAN lang=EN-US>, </SPAN>收缩压平均升高<SPAN lang=EN-US>23</SPAN>毫米汞柱,舒张压平均升高<SPAN lang=EN-US>9</SPAN>毫米汞柱,脉搏平均加快<SPAN lang=EN-US>10</SPAN>次/分钟。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></B></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 6pt 15.05pt 0pt 0cm; TEXT-INDENT: 32.2pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-para-margin-top: .5gd; mso-para-margin-right: 15.05pt; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-para-margin-left: 0cm" align=left><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: blue; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">离水<SPAN lang=EN-US>l5</SPAN>分钟后则收缩压、舒张压和脉搏均基本恢复原状,舒张压和脉搏还较入水前略低。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></B></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 6pt 15.05pt 0pt 0cm; TEXT-INDENT: 32.2pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-para-margin-top: .5gd; mso-para-margin-right: 15.05pt; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-para-margin-left: 0cm" align=left><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: blue; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">游泳前后高血压与正常血压两组的血压变化规律基本一致,即血压于离水<SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN>分钟内较入水前显著升高,于离水<SPAN lang=EN-US>15</SPAN>分钟后下降至低于原先水平。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></B></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 6pt 15.05pt 0pt 0cm; TEXT-INDENT: 32.2pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-para-margin-top: .5gd; mso-para-margin-right: 15.05pt; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-para-margin-left: 0cm" align=left><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: red; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">血压和脉搏离水<SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN>分钟内较入水前明显增加,</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: blue; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">是由于身体在冷水的强冷刺激下,全身皮肤的血管发生急剧收缩,强迫表皮血管中血液回流内脏及深部组织,因而会引起血压的暂时升高。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></B></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 6pt 15.05pt 0pt 0cm; TEXT-INDENT: 32.2pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-para-margin-top: .5gd; mso-para-margin-right: 15.05pt; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-para-margin-left: 0cm" align=left><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: red; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">离水<SPAN lang=EN-US>15</SPAN>分钟后则血压和脉搏均基本恢复原状,</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: blue; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">舒张压和脉搏还较入水前略低,其原因:<SPAN lang=EN-US>(1)</SPAN>脱离寒冷刺激环境,体表毛细血管开始扩张.使回心血量相对减少,外周血管阻力减小,心脏负担减轻.血压下降,脉搏减慢。<SPAN lang=EN-US>(2)</SPAN>由于运动中能量的消耗,无氧代谢中副产物的积蓄等原因,活动后的肌肉可呈高度松弛状态,静脉被挤的压力解除,胸腔负压解除,部分血液注于肝脾等内脏内,使循环血量相对减少,心脏负荷减轻.血压下降,脉搏减慢。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></B></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 6pt 15.05pt 0pt 0cm; TEXT-INDENT: 32.2pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-para-margin-top: .5gd; mso-para-margin-right: 15.05pt; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-para-margin-left: 0cm" align=left><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: red; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">冬泳引起血管收缩、舒张交替,起到了“血管体操”的作用。</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: blue; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">冬泳的良好作用在于:<SPAN lang=EN-US>(1)</SPAN>寒冷刺激所引起的外周血管收缩、肌肉收缩压迫静脉使回心血量增加,以及植物神经效应、躯体效应等对改善主要脏器营养状况,提高心、脑功能都有积极意义。<SPAN lang=EN-US>(2)</SPAN>血压的大起大落,冷刺激引起分解代谢及分解代谢类激素增加等对降低血液中胆固醇、甘油三脂,改善血管弹性等具有积极意义。 <SPAN lang=EN-US>(3)</SPAN>冬泳锻炼过程是从夏天开始,入秋水温渐渐降低,机体对寒冷刺激完全适应,形成“系统脱敏”现象。<SPAN lang=EN-US>(4)</SPAN>能坚持冬泳的人,均具有相当的毅力,通过持续锻炼,自信心亦不断增强,进一步提高了心理健康水平,调动了机体自身调节功能,有利于心身健康。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></B></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 6pt 15.05pt 0pt 0cm; TEXT-INDENT: 32.2pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-para-margin-top: .5gd; mso-para-margin-right: 15.05pt; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-para-margin-left: 0cm" align=left><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: blue; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">但是,高血压病人原来血压就高,并且多伴有程度不同的血管硬化,特别是舒张压经常在<?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" /><st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" TCSC="0" NumberType="1" Negative="False" HasSpace="False" SourceValue="100" UnitName="毫米"><SPAN lang=EN-US>100</SPAN>毫米</st1:chmetcnv>水银柱以上者,更表明血管弹性减低,如果参加冬泳则患者血压会暂时性进一步升高,就很可能会发生脑血管破裂出血,中风昏迷,甚至死亡;心脏的冠状动脉剧烈收缩可引起急性心肌梗死,严重者亦可致死亡。因此,高血压病人不宜进行强冷刺激的冬泳锻炼。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></B></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 6pt 15.05pt 0pt 0cm; TEXT-INDENT: 32.2pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-para-margin-top: .5gd; mso-para-margin-right: 15.05pt; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-para-margin-left: 0cm" align=left><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: blue; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">典型例子:<st1:PersonName w:st="on" ProductID="吴">吴</st1:PersonName>先生今年<SPAN lang=EN-US>66</SPAN>岁,从年轻时就喜欢游冬泳,有几十年的冬泳史,能在<st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" TCSC="0" NumberType="1" Negative="False" HasSpace="False" SourceValue="6" UnitName="摄氏度"><SPAN lang=EN-US>6</SPAN>摄氏度</st1:chmetcnv>的水温中游<SPAN lang=EN-US>5</SPAN>分<SPAN lang=EN-US>3O</SPAN>秒。邻<st1:PersonName w:st="on" ProductID="居李">居李</st1:PersonName>先生,今年<SPAN lang=EN-US>7O</SPAN>岁,患有高血压。他也是冬泳的爱好者,可跟<st1:PersonName w:st="on" ProductID="吴">吴</st1:PersonName>先生比起来,他冬泳的“资历”就浅多了,<SPAN lang=EN-US>65</SPAN>岁才开始游冬泳。两个人经常结伴游冬泳,乐此不疲。不过,最近医生告诫<st1:PersonName w:st="on" ProductID="李">李</st1:PersonName>先生别再参加冬泳了,因为他安静时测量血压都高达<SPAN lang=EN-US>193</SPAN>/<SPAN lang=EN-US>108</SPAN>毫米汞柱,且心电图显示心肌有缺血。<st1:PersonName w:st="on" ProductID="李">李</st1:PersonName>先生不听劝告,心想,已经游了几年了,这点困难都不能克服么<SPAN lang=EN-US>?</SPAN>一次,他在<st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" TCSC="0" NumberType="1" Negative="False" HasSpace="False" SourceValue="4" UnitName="摄氏度"><SPAN lang=EN-US>4</SPAN>摄氏度</st1:chmetcnv>的水中游了<SPAN lang=EN-US>4</SPAN>分钟,上岸后,心前区剧烈疼痛,被紧急送医院抢救,诊断为心肌梗死。两位冬泳者最大的区别在于,<st1:PersonName w:st="on" ProductID="吴">吴</st1:PersonName>先生从年轻时就开始冬泳;而<st1:PersonName w:st="on" ProductID="李">李</st1:PersonName>先生则是在患了高血压病、心脏病的情况下,从老年才开始冬泳,在血压没得到良好控制的情况下,还不听从医生的劝告,最终酿成悲剧。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></B></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 6pt 15.05pt 0pt 0cm; TEXT-INDENT: 32.2pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-para-margin-top: .5gd; mso-para-margin-right: 15.05pt; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-para-margin-left: 0cm" align=left><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: blue; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">我们认为,一期高血压患者,即血压达到确诊高血压水平,舒张压大部分时间波动在<SPAN lang=EN-US>90</SPAN>~<SPAN lang=EN-US>100mmHg</SPAN>之间,休息后能够恢复正常,临床上无心脏、脑、肾并发症表现,可试行,且必须科学冬泳。即行“系统脱敏”冷适应后进行,运动量要循序渐进,老年人以小量为主,在水中的时间不宜过长,以防意外。二期以上高血压患者应禁止冬泳,可以进行一般的冷水锻炼。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></B></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 6pt 15.05pt 0pt 0cm; TEXT-INDENT: 32.2pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-para-margin-top: .5gd; mso-para-margin-right: 15.05pt; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-para-margin-left: 0cm" align=left><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: red; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">实践证明,冬泳活动对保持正常人的血管弹性,降低动脉粥样硬化的发生具有积极作用。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></B></P> <FONT color=#4822dd size=6>我未参加冬泳前,低压90到100,高压150到160 ,六年前开始冬泳,现在保持在90到140,不用药已经好几年了,感觉很好,</FONT> 我也是因为血压而冬泳的。 <SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: red; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><STRONG>实践证明,冬泳活动对保持正常人的血管弹性,降低动脉粥样硬化的发生具有积极作用</STRONG></SPAN> 今天给大家现场测了一下血压。大部分人都高。我的低压90-高压-160.我游泳几十年啦,平时也没有不适的感觉。不明白 原帖由 畅游 于 2007-11-20 10:24 发表 http://bbs.china-ws.org/images/common/back.gif冬泳对人的脉搏和血压的影响如何呢?有学者对此进行了研究。研究对象为49名冬泳爱好者,坚持冬泳时间1~l5年,其中男性4O人,女性9人;年龄18~68岁,平均43.98岁;患有高血压者12人占24.49%;每次冬泳时间2~20分钟 ...
好文章!有理有据!:victory: 学习了,收藏了.:handshake 谢谢哦~~~~ 很好!
很专业! 好文章,谢谢阿! :lol 需要这样的好文章。赞。 :victory::lol:handshake 本帖最后由 老马识途 于 2012-2-3 20:16 编辑
实践证明,冬泳活动对保持正常人的血管弹性,降低动脉粥样硬化的发生具有积极作用。
:victory: :victory: 好
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