[转贴]潮流推算
<A name=潮流推算><STRONG><FONT size=5>潮流推算</FONT></STRONG></A><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman"> <?XML:NAMESPACE PREFIX = O /><O:P> </O:P></SPAN><P class=MsoBodyTextIndent style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman"><O:P> </O:P></SPAN></P><P class=MsoBodyTextIndent style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">潮流即海水周期性的垂直运动的同时，产生的海水周期性的水平方向的流动。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman"> <O:P> </O:P></SPAN></P><P class=MsoBodyTextIndent style="TEXT-INDENT: 0cm"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">一、水流的种类及潮流推算<SPAN lang=EN-US><O:P> </O:P></SPAN></SPAN></B></P><P class=MsoBodyTextIndent style="TEXT-INDENT: 0cm"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">㈠<SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>海流（current），又称洋流（ocean current）：<O:P> </O:P></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoBodyTextIndent style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">它是由于相邻海区间，海水长期存在温度、密度、气压的不同，或长期受定向风的作<SPAN lang=EN-US><O:P> </O:P></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoBodyTextIndent style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">用使海水产生水平方向的流动，一般在一定时间里流向、流速基本不变，故称恆流。<SPAN lang=EN-US><O:P> </O:P></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoBodyTextIndent style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">海图上用“<SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>”表示，箭头方向为流向，上面标记平均流速。 </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman"> <O:P> </O:P></SPAN></P><P class=MsoBodyTextIndent style="TEXT-INDENT: 0cm"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">㈡<SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>潮流（tidal stream）：<O:P> </O:P></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoBodyTextIndent style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">由于潮汐形成海水周期性的涨、落而引起的海水水平方向的流动。潮流又分两种：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman"> <O:P> </O:P></SPAN></P><P class=MsoBodyTextIndent style="TEXT-INDENT: 0cm"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">1、 往复流（alternating current , rectilinear current）：<O:P> </O:P></SPAN></P><P class=MsoBodyTextIndent style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">由于受地形的影响而产生的涨、落潮流向相反或基本相反的潮流，称为往复流。<SPAN lang=EN-US><O:P> </O:P></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoBodyTextIndent style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">涨潮流用<SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>表示；<O:P> </O:P></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoBodyTextIndent style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">落潮流用<SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>表示。<O:P> </O:P></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoBodyTextIndent style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">箭头方向为流向，箭矢上流速是指大潮（小）潮时的最大流速，只标一个流速是指大<SPAN lang=EN-US><O:P> </O:P></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoBodyTextIndent style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">潮时的最大流速。<SPAN lang=EN-US><O:P> </O:P></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoBodyTextIndent style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">此类潮流大多发生在海峡、江河、港湾和沿岸一带。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman"> <O:P> </O:P></SPAN></P><P class=MsoBodyTextIndent style="TEXT-INDENT: 0cm"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">⑴<SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>当天最大流速<O:P> </O:P></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoBodyTextIndent style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">潮流的流速与潮差成正比，在农历半个月中，每天的最大流速为：<SPAN lang=EN-US><O:P> </O:P></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoBodyTextIndent style="TEXT-INDENT: 0cm"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">①<SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>大潮日（农历初三、十八）及其前后两天（农历初一至初五、十六至二十），为大潮<O:P> </O:P></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoBodyTextIndent style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">流速。<SPAN lang=EN-US><O:P> </O:P></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoBodyTextIndent style="MARGIN-LEFT: 24pt; TEXT-INDENT: -24pt; mso-list: l23 level1 lfo27; tab-stops: list 24.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">②<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt Times New Roman"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">小潮日（农历初十、二十五）以及前后两天（即农历初八至十二、二十二至二十七），<SPAN lang=EN-US><O:P> </O:P></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoBodyTextIndent style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">为小潮流速。<SPAN lang=EN-US><O:P> </O:P></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoBodyTextIndent style="TEXT-INDENT: 0cm"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">③<SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>其余各天为平均潮流速：<O:P> </O:P></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoBodyTextIndent style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">平均流速＝<SPAN lang=EN-US>1/2 （大潮日流速＋小潮日流速）<O:P> </O:P></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoBodyTextIndent style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">大潮日流速＝<SPAN lang=EN-US>2×小潮日流速 <O:P></O:P></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoBodyTextIndent style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">平均流速＝<SPAN lang=EN-US>3/4大潮日流速＝3/2小潮日流速</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman"> <O:P> </O:P></SPAN></P><P class=MsoBodyTextIndent style="TEXT-INDENT: 0cm"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">⑵ 任意时流速<SPAN lang=EN-US><O:P> </O:P></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoBodyTextIndent style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">设：当天最大流速为<SPAN lang=EN-US>V<SUB>m</SUB>，涨（落）潮流持续时间为T，所求时（t）与它前面的转流<O:P> </O:P></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoBodyTextIndent style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">时间间隔为△<SPAN lang=EN-US>T，所求时的流速为V，则： <O:P></O:P></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoBodyTextIndent style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman"><SPAN style="mso-text-raise: -12.0pt"><IMG height=44 src="http://jxcg.whut.edu.cn/jxcg/jxcg-add1/cai/cai/files/%A1%B6%BA%BD%BA%A3%D1%A7%A1%B7/distance%20education/%BD%CC%D1%A7%BB%EE%B6%AF/tide%20and%20ocean%20current/tide&c1.gif" width=152 v:shapes="_x0000_i1025"></SPAN> <O:P></O:P></SPAN></P><P class=MsoBodyTextIndent style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">例：求成山角<SPAN lang=EN-US>1994年7月16日1000的流向和流速。</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman"> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman"> <O:P> </O:P></SPAN></P><P class=MsoBodyTextIndent style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">解：从<SPAN lang=EN-US>1994年中国《潮汐表》的“潮流预报表”中查得成山角7月16日的潮流资</SPAN>料为：<SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN><O:P></O:P></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoBodyTextIndent><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>日<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>转流时分<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>最大流时分<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>最大流流速 <O:P></O:P></SPAN></P><P class=MsoBodyTextIndent style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">7月<O:P> </O:P></SPAN></P><P class=MsoBodyTextIndent style="TEXT-INDENT: 60.1pt; mso-char-indent-count: 5.01; mso-char-indent-size: 11.95pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">16<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>0145<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>0456<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>－1.9<O:P> </O:P></SPAN></P><P class=MsoBodyTextIndent><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>0807<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>1113<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>2.0<O:P> </O:P></SPAN></P><P class=MsoBodyTextIndent><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>1423<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>1733<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>－1.8 <O:P></O:P></SPAN></P><P class=MsoBodyTextIndent><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>2046<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>2344<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>1.7<O:P> </O:P></SPAN></P><P class=MsoBodyTextIndent style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">资料中的“＋”表示流向<SPAN lang=EN-US>343<SUP>o</SUP>，“－”表示流向163<SUP>o</SUP>，流速单位为节（kn）。<O:P> </O:P></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoBodyTextIndent style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">由于<SPAN lang=EN-US>1000在0807和1423两次转流之间，1000的流向为“＋”，即343<SUP>o</SUP>；又由于该<O:P> </O:P></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoBodyTextIndent style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">方向最大流速为<SPAN lang=EN-US>2.0kn（发生在1113），所以，<O:P> </O:P></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoBodyTextIndent style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">1000的流速为：<O:P> </O:P></SPAN></P><P class=MsoBodyTextIndent style="TEXT-INDENT: 0cm"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN><SPAN style="mso-text-raise: -12.0pt"><IMG height=44 src="http://jxcg.whut.edu.cn/jxcg/jxcg-add1/cai/cai/files/%A1%B6%BA%BD%BA%A3%D1%A7%A1%B7/distance%20education/%BD%CC%D1%A7%BB%EE%B6%AF/tide%20and%20ocean%20current/tide&c2.gif" width=332 v:shapes="_x0000_i1026"></SPAN> <O:P></O:P></SPAN></P><P class=MsoBodyTextIndent style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">即：<SPAN lang=EN-US>1000的流向为343<SUP>o</SUP>，流速约为1.7kn。</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman"> <O:P> </O:P></SPAN></P><P class=MsoBodyTextIndent style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">根据以上原理，中国《潮汐表》一至三册中编制了附表“求任意时刻潮流用表”，并<SPAN lang=EN-US><O:P> </O:P></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoBodyTextIndent style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">提供了使用说明和具体实例。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman"> <O:P> </O:P></SPAN></P><P class=MsoBodyTextIndent style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">对于半日潮港来说，一天中流速的变化可认为，涨潮流和落潮流的时间均约为<SPAN lang=EN-US>6h，<O:P> </O:P></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoBodyTextIndent style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">这样可运用<SPAN lang=EN-US>1、2、3、3、2、1、的简谐运动规律，估算任意时潮流的流速，其方法</SPAN>是：<SPAN lang=EN-US><O:P> </O:P></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoBodyTextIndent style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">转流后<SPAN lang=EN-US>1h内的平均流速是当日最大流速的1/3；<O:P> </O:P></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoBodyTextIndent style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">转流后<SPAN lang=EN-US>1h～2h内的平均流速是当日最大流速的2/3；<O:P> </O:P></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoBodyTextIndent style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">转流后<SPAN lang=EN-US>2h～3h内的平均流速是当日最大流速的3/3；<O:P> </O:P></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoBodyTextIndent style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">转流后<SPAN lang=EN-US>3h～4h内的平均流速是当日最大流速的3/3；<O:P> </O:P></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoBodyTextIndent style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">转流后<SPAN lang=EN-US>4h～5h内的平均流速是当日最大流速的2/3；<O:P> </O:P></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoBodyTextIndent style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">转流后<SPAN lang=EN-US>5h～6h内的平均流速是当日最大流速的1/3。</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman"> <O:P> </O:P></SPAN></P><P class=MsoBodyTextIndent style="TEXT-INDENT: 0cm"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">2、 回转流（rotary current）：<O:P> </O:P></SPAN></P><P class=MsoBodyTextIndent style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">一些开阔地区，在一个潮汐周期内，潮流流向随时间顺时针（或逆时针）方向变化<SPAN lang=EN-US><O:P> </O:P></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoBodyTextIndent style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">360<SUP>o</SUP>，流速也随时间变化，这种潮流称为回转流。 <O:P> </O:P></SPAN></P><P class=MsoBodyTextIndent style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">图见：<SPAN lang=EN-US><O:P> </O:P></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoBodyTextIndent style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">其中心地名为主港港名；<SPAN lang=EN-US><O:P> </O:P></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoBodyTextIndent style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">0表示主港高潮时的潮流；<O:P> </O:P></SPAN></P><P class=MsoBodyTextIndent style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">1,2,3…表示主港高潮前1h,2h,3h…的潮流情况；<O:P> </O:P></SPAN></P><P class=MsoBodyTextIndent style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">Ⅰ，Ⅱ，Ⅲ…表示主港高潮后<SPAN lang=EN-US>1h,2h,3h…的潮流情况。</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman"> <O:P> </O:P></SPAN></P><P class=MsoBodyTextIndent style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">为了保持航用海图的清晰，一些海图常在标题栏或海图陆地空白处以潮流表形式代替<SPAN lang=EN-US><O:P> </O:P></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoBodyTextIndent style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">回转流图，而在海图回转流处仅印<SPAN lang=EN-US>A，B…符号表示地点。具体情况可查图中潮流表，<O:P> </O:P></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoBodyTextIndent style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">但高潮时（<SPAN lang=EN-US>HW）则应查相关《潮汐表》。</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman"> <O:P> </O:P></SPAN></P><P class=MsoBodyTextIndent style="TEXT-INDENT: 0cm"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">3、 风生流（wind-drift current）：<O:P> </O:P></SPAN></P><P class=MsoBodyTextIndent style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">是本海区或相邻海区受较长时间定向风的作用，使海水表层产生水平方向的流动。<SPAN lang=EN-US><O:P> </O:P></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoBodyTextIndent style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">英版潮汐表中的“潮流表”与潮汐推算<SPAN lang=EN-US><O:P> </O:P></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoBodyTextIndent style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">详见教材<SPAN lang=EN-US>P<SUB>333</SUB>～P<SUB>334</SUB><O:P> </O:P></SPAN></SPAN><!--mstheme--></P> 有点深奥。 原文由 兔宝宝 发表: 有点深奥。 收藏，学习 原文由 兔宝宝 发表: 有点深奥。
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