[转贴] 潮汐不等
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN-LEFT: 36pt; TEXT-INDENT: -36pt; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo18; tab-stops: list 36.0pt"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">二、<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt Times New Roman"> </SPAN></SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman"><A name=潮汐不等>潮汐不等</A></SPAN></B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman"><?XML:NAMESPACE PREFIX = O /><O:P> </O:P></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">1、 潮汐的周日不等（diurnal inequality of tide）<O:P> </O:P></SPAN></P><P class=MsoBodyTextIndent style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">上面我们所讨论的是月赤纬为零时的潮汐现象，即在一个太阴日中，有两个几乎相<SPAN lang=EN-US><O:P> </O:P></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoBodyTextIndent style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">等的高潮和低潮，且相邻高、低潮时间间隔也几乎相等，这种潮汐现象称为赤道潮<SPAN lang=EN-US><O:P> </O:P></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoBodyTextIndent style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">或分点潮。此时，几乎没有日潮不等现象。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman"> <O:P> </O:P></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal><IMG height=228 hspace=12 src="http://jxcg.whut.edu.cn/jxcg/jxcg-add1/cai/cai/files/%A1%B6%BA%BD%BA%A3%D1%A7%A1%B7/distance%20education/%BD%CC%D1%A7%BB%EE%B6%AF/tide%20and%20ocean%20current/tide&c88.jpg" width=276 align=left v:shapes="_x0000_s1030"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman"><O:P> </O:P></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">如图<SPAN lang=EN-US>5-1-6所示：<O:P> </O:P></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">但当月赤纬不等于零，尤其是较大时，<SPAN lang=EN-US><O:P> </O:P></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">月潮椭圆体长轴指向月球，与赤道面成<SPAN lang=EN-US><O:P> </O:P></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">一交角（即当时的月赤纬）。<SPAN lang=EN-US><O:P> </O:P></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">这时，在一个太阴日里的两个高潮（低<SPAN lang=EN-US><O:P> </O:P></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">潮）的高度不再基本相等，而有明显差<SPAN lang=EN-US><O:P> </O:P></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">异，并且，相邻的高、低潮时间间隔也不再一致，这种现象称为潮汐的周日不等。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman"> <O:P> </O:P></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">月赤纬越大，这种现象越明显。当月球<SPAN lang=EN-US><O:P> </O:P></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">在月回归线时（月赤纬最大），日潮不等现象最大，这时的潮汐称为回归潮。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman"> <O:P> </O:P></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">2、 潮汐的半月不等<O:P> </O:P></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">太阳也会使地面海水在太阳引潮力的作用下，形成日潮椭圆体：<SPAN lang=EN-US><O:P> </O:P></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">其长轴指向太阳，周期为一个太阳日（<SPAN lang=EN-US>24h），其间出现两高两低，但较月引潮力小<O:P> </O:P></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">（<SPAN lang=EN-US>2.17）倍。</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman"> <O:P> </O:P></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 27pt"><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">由于月、日、地球在空间的相对位置周期性地变化，使得月、日潮椭圆体相互叠加，从而产生了潮汐的半月不等现象。</SPAN></B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman"> <O:P> </O:P></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">如图<SPAN lang=EN-US>5-1-7所示：<O:P> </O:P></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal><IMG height=219 hspace=12 src="http://jxcg.whut.edu.cn/jxcg/jxcg-add1/cai/cai/files/%A1%B6%BA%BD%BA%A3%D1%A7%A1%B7/distance%20education/%BD%CC%D1%A7%BB%EE%B6%AF/tide%20and%20ocean%20current/tide&c89.jpg" width=508 align=left v:shapes="_x0000_s1031"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman"><O:P> </O:P></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman"> <O:P> </O:P></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman"> <O:P> </O:P></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman"> <O:P> </O:P></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman"> <O:P> </O:P></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman"> <O:P> </O:P></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman"> <O:P> </O:P></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">设：月、日的赤纬均等于零，当月球处在新月（朔）或满月（望）时，月、日潮椭<SPAN lang=EN-US><O:P> </O:P></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">圆体的长轴在同一个子午圈平面内，即月、日潮椭圆体的长轴方向一致，互相叠加，<SPAN lang=EN-US><O:P> </O:P></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">出现高潮最高、低潮最低的现象，称为大潮（<SPAN lang=EN-US>spring<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>tide ,ST）。</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman"> <O:P> </O:P></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 20pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.0pt"><IMG height=281 hspace=12 src="http://jxcg.whut.edu.cn/jxcg/jxcg-add1/cai/cai/files/%A1%B6%BA%BD%BA%A3%D1%A7%A1%B7/distance%20education/%BD%CC%D1%A7%BB%EE%B6%AF/tide%20and%20ocean%20current/tide&c90.jpg" width=250 align=left v:shapes="_x0000_s1032"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">如图<SPAN lang=EN-US>5-1-8所示：</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman"> <O:P> </O:P></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">当月球处在上弦（农历初七、八）或下<SPAN lang=EN-US><O:P> </O:P></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">弦（农历二十二、二十三）时，月、日<SPAN lang=EN-US><O:P> </O:P></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">潮椭圆体的长轴方向相差<SPAN lang=EN-US>90<SUP>o</SUP> ，引潮力<O:P> </O:P></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">互相抵消，出现了高潮最低、低潮最高<SPAN lang=EN-US><O:P> </O:P></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">的现象，称为小潮（<SPAN lang=EN-US>neap tide NT）。<O:P> </O:P></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman"> <O:P> </O:P></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">可见，从朔、望到两弦，再到朔、望，<SPAN lang=EN-US><O:P> </O:P></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">潮差在不断地变化。<SPAN lang=EN-US><O:P> </O:P></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">即从新月 <SPAN style="COLOR: red">→</SPAN> 上弦，潮差由大<SPAN style="COLOR: red"> → </SPAN>小；<SPAN lang=EN-US><O:P> </O:P></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">上弦 <SPAN style="COLOR: red">→</SPAN> 满月，潮差由小<SPAN style="COLOR: red"> → </SPAN>大；<SPAN lang=EN-US><O:P> </O:P></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">满月 <SPAN style="COLOR: red">→</SPAN> 下弦，潮差由大 <SPAN style="COLOR: red">→</SPAN> 小；<SPAN lang=EN-US><O:P> </O:P></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">下弦 <SPAN style="COLOR: red">→</SPAN> 新月，潮差由小 <SPAN style="COLOR: red">→</SPAN> 大。<SPAN lang=EN-US><O:P> </O:P></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">如此反复。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman"> <O:P> </O:P></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">3、 潮汐的视差不等<O:P> </O:P></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">月球是沿椭圆轨道绕地球转动的，地球在椭圆轨道的一个焦点上。<SPAN lang=EN-US><O:P> </O:P></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 27pt"><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">由于月、日、地球三者相对距离发生周期性的变化而产生的潮汐不等现象叫潮汐的<SPAN lang=EN-US><O:P> </O:P></SPAN></SPAN></B></P><P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 27pt"><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">视差不等。<SPAN lang=EN-US><O:P> </O:P></SPAN></SPAN></B></P><P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 27pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">每年元月三日前后，地球离太阳最近，此点为近日点，其引潮力较大；<SPAN lang=EN-US><O:P> </O:P></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 27pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">每年七月四日前后，地球离太阳最远，此点为远日点，其引潮力较小。<SPAN lang=EN-US><O:P> </O:P></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 27pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">其周期为一个回归年，约<SPAN lang=EN-US>365.24日。</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman"> <O:P> </O:P></SPAN></P> 长知识了。 原文由 兔宝宝 发表: 长知识了。 好文，学习 原文由 兔宝宝 发表: 长知识了。
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