梭鱼 发表于 2007-6-26 21:48

[转贴]游泳時經常使用的肌群

<STRONG><FONT size=2><FONT face=Arial><SPAN class=smalltxt><SPAN class=bold>[转帖]游泳時經常使用的肌群</SPAN></SPAN><BR><BR></FONT></FONT></STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14px">游泳時經常使用的肌群: 上臂三頭肌,大圓肌,闊背肌,胸肌,三角肌,上臂二投肌,前臂肌群. 轉身會用到:內,外腹斜肌. 蝶式的蝶腰動作會用到:斜方肌<BR>,臀大肌,腿後腱肌群,腓腸肌,腹直肌,胸肌,胸腰肌膜,臀中肌,股直肌.<BR>如果把這些肌群伸展至極限後縮收就可得到最大肌力,相反的划水效率也會增加很多.<BR>attachments/dvbbs/UploadFile/2004-7/2004725164914663.jpg<BR>attachments/dvbbs/UploadFile/2004-7/200472516492157.jpg<BR><BR>肌肉系统概述 <BR><BR><BR><BR>Overview of Muscular System<BR>肌肉系统概述<BR>肌肉的功用: produce movements --by shortening 通过伸缩产生运动<BR>k maintain posture&nbsp;&nbsp;保持身体姿势<BR>l stabilize joint&nbsp;&nbsp;稳定关节<BR>m generate heat 产生热量<BR>肌束排列【Fig.1-16】<BR>肌肉的形狀&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 舉例<BR>flat&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;external oblique<BR>pennate&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; <BR>unipennate&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;extensor digitorum longusrectus femorisdeltoid<BR>bipennate&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;rectus femoris<BR>multipennate&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;deltoid<BR>fusiform&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;biceps brachii<BR>quadrate muscle&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;pronator quadratus<BR>circular/sphincteral&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;orbicularis oculi<BR>肌肉附著<BR>-- 肌肉具兩端附著處 →origin and insertion <BR>-- 肌肉可附著於 bone, cartilage, skin, fascia, mucous membrane<BR>-- 附著形式 → direct and indirect(tendon /aponeurosis)<BR>作用形式<BR>-- agonist, prime mover（主動肌）<BR>-- antagonist（拮抗肌）<BR>-- synergist（協同肌）<BR>-- fixator（固定肌）<BR>肌肉命名的原則【Fig.1-15】<BR>根&nbsp; &nbsp;據&nbsp; &nbsp;舉&nbsp; &nbsp;例<BR>Location&nbsp; &nbsp;brachialis 肱肌<BR>Shape&nbsp; &nbsp;deltoid 三角肌trapezius斜方肌<BR>Size maxiumus 大&nbsp; &nbsp;gluteus<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;medius 中&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; maximus/medius/minimus臀大/中/小肌<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;minimus小<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;logus 長&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;peroneus longus/ brevis腓骨長/短肌<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;brevis 短&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>Direction rectus 直&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;rectus abdominis腹直肌<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;transverse 橫&nbsp;&nbsp;transversus abdominis 腹橫肌<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;oblique 斜 external oblique腹外斜肌<BR>Attachment&nbsp; &nbsp;brachioradialis 肱橈肌<BR>number of origin biceps 二頭&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;biceps femoris 股二頭肌<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; triceps三頭 triceps brachii 肱三頭肌<BR>Action flexor 屈 、extensor伸、adductor 內收、abductor 外展levator 提、&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;sphincter 括約 <BR>頭部的肌肉&nbsp;&nbsp;(muscles of head)【Fig.7-6, 7-7】<BR>1. facial expression（顏面表情肌）-- 表情肌全位在皮下，故止點幾乎全在皮膚而非骨骼<BR>肌&nbsp; &nbsp;肉&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;作&nbsp; &nbsp;用<BR>occipitofrontalis&nbsp;&nbsp;枕額肌 wrinkles forehead skin horizontally<BR>corrugator supercilii&nbsp;&nbsp;皺眉肌 wrinkles forehead skin vertically<BR>orbicularis oculi&nbsp;&nbsp;眼輪匝肌 closes eye<BR>zygomaticus&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 顴肌 smiling muscles<BR>levator labii superioris&nbsp;&nbsp;提上唇肌 raises upper lip<BR>depressor labii inferioris&nbsp;&nbsp;降下唇肌 draws lower lip<BR>depressor anguli oris&nbsp;&nbsp;降口角肌 zygomaticus antagonist<BR>orbicularis oris&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 口輪匝肌 closes lips<BR>mentalis&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 頦肌 protrudes lower lip<BR>buccinator&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 頰肌 whistling and sucking<BR>platysma&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 闊頸肌 help depress mandible<BR><BR>2. mastication (咀嚼肌) 【Table7-10】<BR>extrinsic tongue muscles (舌外在肌) 【Table7-14】<BR>肌&nbsp; &nbsp;肉&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;作&nbsp; &nbsp;用<BR>masseter&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;嚼肌&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; jaw closure<BR>temporalis&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;顳肌&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; jaw closure<BR>medial pterygoid&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;內翼肌&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; grinding(with lateral pterygoid)<BR>lateral pterygoid&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 外翼肌&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; grinding<BR>genioglossus&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;頦舌肌&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; primarily protracts tongue<BR>hyoglossus&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;舌骨舌肌&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;depress tongue<BR>styloglossus&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;莖舌肌&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; retracts and elevate tongue<BR><BR>3. ocular extrinsic muscles (眼外在肌) 【Table7-8】<BR>肌&nbsp; &nbsp;肉 作&nbsp; &nbsp;用<BR>superior rectus&nbsp;&nbsp;上直肌 elevates eye medially <BR>inferior rectus&nbsp;&nbsp;下直肌 depresses eye medially<BR>medial rectus&nbsp;&nbsp;內直肌 turns eye medially<BR>lateral rectus&nbsp;&nbsp;外直肌 turns eye laterally<BR>superior oblique&nbsp;&nbsp;上斜肌 depresses eye medially<BR>inferior oblique&nbsp;&nbsp;下斜肌 elevates eye laterally<BR>頸前及喉部的肌肉&nbsp;&nbsp;：swallowing muscles (吞嚥肌) 【Table8-3】<BR>肌&nbsp; &nbsp;肉 作&nbsp; &nbsp;用<BR>digastric&nbsp;&nbsp;二腹肌 elevate hyoid bone<BR>stylohyoid&nbsp;&nbsp;莖舌骨肌 elevate and retracts hyoid bone<BR>mylohyoid&nbsp;&nbsp;下頷舌骨肌 elevate hyoid bone<BR>geniohyoid&nbsp;&nbsp;頦舌骨肌 pulls hyoid bone superiorly and anteriorly<BR>sternohyoid&nbsp;&nbsp;胸舌骨肌 depresses hyoid bone<BR>sternothyroid 胸甲狀肌 depresses hyoid bone<BR>omohyoid 肩胛舌骨肌 depresses hyoid bone<BR>thyrohyoid 甲狀舌骨肌 depresses hyoid bone<BR>superior, middle, and inferior pharyngeal constrictors 上、中、下咽收縮肌 constrict pharynx<BR>＊ suprahyoid ：digastric, stylohyoid, mylohyoid, geniohyoid.<BR>＊ infrahyoid muscles：sternohyoid, sternothyroid, omohyoid, thyrohyoid.<BR>頸部及脊柱的肌肉&nbsp;&nbsp;(muscles of neck and vertebral column) 【Table8-4】<BR>肌&nbsp; &nbsp;肉 作&nbsp; &nbsp;用<BR>Sterno-cleido-mastoid&nbsp;&nbsp;胸鎖乳突肌 prime mover of head flexion<BR>scalenes&nbsp;&nbsp;斜角肌 elevate first two ribs<BR>splenius&nbsp;&nbsp;夾肌 hyperextend head<BR>iliocostalis 髂肋肌 extend vertebral column<BR>longissimus 最長肌 extend vertebral column<BR>spinalis 棘肌 extend vertebral column<BR>semispinalis 半棘肌 extend vertebral column<BR>quadratus lumborum 腰方肌 extend vertebral column<BR>＊ erector spine(豎脊肌) → iliocostalis＋longissimus＋spinalis<BR>胸部的深層肌肉：breathing muscles(呼吸肌) 【Page81】<BR><BR>肌&nbsp; &nbsp;肉 作&nbsp; &nbsp;用<BR>external intercostals&nbsp;&nbsp;外肋間肌 elevate rib cage<BR>internal intercostals&nbsp;&nbsp;內肋間肌 depress rib cage <BR>diaphragm&nbsp;&nbsp;橫膈 prime mover of inspiration<BR><BR>腹壁的肌肉 (abdominal muscles)【Page181, 183】<BR>肌&nbsp; &nbsp;肉 作&nbsp; &nbsp;用<BR>external oblique&nbsp;&nbsp;腹外斜肌 compress abdominal wall<BR>internal oblique&nbsp;&nbsp;腹內斜肌 compress abdominal wall<BR>transverse abdominis&nbsp;&nbsp;腹橫肌 compress abdominal wall<BR>rectus abdominis&nbsp;&nbsp;腹直肌 compress abdominal wall<BR><BR>骨盆及會陰的肌肉 (pelvic &amp; perineum muscles) 【Page342】<BR>肌&nbsp; &nbsp;肉 作&nbsp; &nbsp;用<BR>levator ani&nbsp;&nbsp;提肛肌 support pelvic organ<BR>coccygeus&nbsp;&nbsp;尾骨肌 support pelvic organ<BR>sphincter urethra&nbsp;&nbsp;尿道括約肌 constrict urethra<BR>transverse perineus&nbsp;&nbsp;橫會陰肌 support pelvic organ<BR>external anal sphincter&nbsp;&nbsp;外肛門括約肌 constrict anus<BR>ischiocavernosus&nbsp;&nbsp;坐骨海綿體肌 maintain erection<BR>bulbospongiosus&nbsp;&nbsp;球海綿體肌 empties urethra<BR><BR>胸部前後的湆蛹∪猓簊capular movement (移動肩胛骨) 【Page688, 690】<BR>肌&nbsp; &nbsp;肉 作&nbsp; &nbsp;用<BR>pectoralis minor&nbsp;&nbsp;胸小肌 draws scapular <BR>serratus anterior&nbsp;&nbsp;前鋸肌 prime mover to protract scapula (boxer’s m.)<BR>subclavius&nbsp;&nbsp;鎖骨下肌 stabilize pectoral girdle<BR>trapezius&nbsp;&nbsp;斜方肌 stabilize, retracts and raises scapula<BR>levator scapulae&nbsp;&nbsp;提肩胛肌 elevates and adducts scapula<BR>Rhomboids&nbsp;&nbsp;菱形肌 retracts scapula<BR><BR>肩關節的肌肉：arm movement (移動上臂) 【Page690】<BR>肌&nbsp; &nbsp;肉 作&nbsp; &nbsp;用<BR>pectoralis major&nbsp;&nbsp;胸大肌 prime mover of arm flexion<BR>latissimus dorsi&nbsp;&nbsp;闊背肌 prime mover of arm extension<BR>deltoid&nbsp;&nbsp;三角肌 prime mover of arm abduction<BR>subscapularis&nbsp;&nbsp;肩胛下肌 medial rotator of humerus(rotator cuff)<BR>supraspinatus&nbsp;&nbsp;棘上肌 stabilize shoulder joint(rotator cuff)<BR>infraspinatus&nbsp;&nbsp;棘下肌 stabilize shoulder joint(rotator cuff)<BR>teres minor&nbsp;&nbsp;小圓肌 stabilize shoulder joint(rotator cuff)<BR>teres major&nbsp;&nbsp;大圓肌 extends and medial rotator of humerus<BR>coracobrachialis&nbsp;&nbsp;喙肱肌 flexion and adduction of humerus<BR><BR>跨過肘關節的肌肉：flex &amp; extend forearm (屈曲及伸展前臂) 【Page722, 723】<BR>肌&nbsp; &nbsp;肉 作&nbsp; &nbsp;用<BR>biceps brachii&nbsp;&nbsp;肱二頭肌 flexes of elbow joint<BR>brachialis&nbsp;&nbsp;肱肌 flexes of elbow joint<BR>brachioradialis&nbsp;&nbsp;肱橈肌 synergist in forearm flexion<BR>triceps brachii&nbsp;&nbsp;肱三頭肌 prime mover of forearm extension<BR>anconeus&nbsp;&nbsp;肘肌 synergist of triceps brachii<BR><BR>前臂的肌肉：移動手腕、手掌及手指【Page736, 742】<BR>肌&nbsp; &nbsp;肉 作&nbsp; &nbsp;用<BR>pronator teres&nbsp;&nbsp;旋前圓肌 pronates forearm<BR>flexor carpi radialis&nbsp;&nbsp;橈側屈腕肌 wrist flexion<BR>palmaris longus&nbsp;&nbsp;掌長肌 wrist flexion<BR>flexor carpi ulnaris&nbsp;&nbsp;尺側屈腕肌 wrist flexion<BR>flexor digitorum superficialis&nbsp;&nbsp;屈指溂

梭鱼 发表于 2007-6-30 11:13

我先记住的八快肌肉是：rectus abdominis腹直肌 compress abdominal wall<br><br>最近右臂受伤，对应的应是：<br>supraspinatus棘上肌 stabilize shoulder joint(rotator cuff)<br>infraspinatus棘下肌 stabilize shoulder joint(rotator cuff)<br>teres minor小圓肌 stabilize shoulder joint(rotator cuff)<br>teres major大圓肌 extends and medial rotator of humerus<br><br>前段时间大腿拉伤，对应的应是：<br> iliopsoas髂腰肌 prime mover of thigh flexion<br>pectineus恥骨肌 flexes and medially rotates thigh<br>adductor longus內收長肌 adducts thigh<br><br>瞧，有图就能知道，受伤的肌肉，网路就应该是自学的工具。<br><br>

兔宝宝 发表于 2007-8-4 12:11

好全面 学习

海豚727 发表于 2008-12-10 14:07

真需要好好研究研究
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