畅游 发表于 2008-5-27 20:46

游泳运动员如何防治肩部伤病

<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: blue; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><FONT face=黑体>游泳运动员如何防治肩部伤病(<FONT face=华文中宋 size=4>转帖</FONT>)<SPAN lang=EN-US><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></B></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 29.8pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 1.98"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: blue; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">游泳运动员由于本身运动项目的影响,在日常的训练和比赛中肩部的动作很多,如果不注意及时调整动作和训练负荷,那么在做剧烈动作或反复动作的时候很容易造成肩部脱位和肩组织损伤。 <SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></B></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: blue; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: blue; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">这类损伤通常发生在游泳、伸展练习或在健身房进行力量练习的训练中。容易发生损伤的动作基本包括以下几种:<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></B></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: blue; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: blue; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">(<SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN>)外展动作,即双臂在头上做动作时,双臂向外、水平方向伸展;恢复阶段和自由泳姿势。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></B></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: blue; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: blue; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">(<SPAN lang=EN-US>2</SPAN>)外展动作,即运动员入水后,双臂向内、水平方向屈伸。 <SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></B></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: blue; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: blue; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">在训练中,一旦感到双肩无力和痛感持续出现,运动员就要调整训练动作的幅度、入水后动作的技巧、陆上训练动作伸展的幅度以及健身房里增强力量时的准备动作及运动负荷等等。另外,运动员还可以利用冷却降温法和热敷法暂时止痛,而后可再服用一些消炎类药物或接受医生的治疗。必要时,还可以实施外科手术,因为它可以帮助运动员的肩部恢复其特有的功能。同时,运动员应了解并掌握一些关于解剖学、生物力学和恢复治疗学方面的知识,这对运动员自己判断病情,掌握并控制病情和利用减少压力以降低再次受伤的发生率,科学地进行恢复大有裨益。 <SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></B></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: blue; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: blue; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">为了预防训练和比赛中肩部关节的损伤,下面简要地介绍几种预防的方法和措施:<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></B></P><PRE style="TEXT-INDENT: 29.8pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 1.98"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: blue; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">1.</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: blue; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman">双手置于头部上侧,与身体呈水平方向。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></B></PRE><PRE style="TEXT-INDENT: 29.8pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 1.98"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: blue; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman">2.</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: blue; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman">肘部始终低于肩部。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></B></PRE><PRE style="TEXT-INDENT: 29.8pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 1.98"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: blue; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman">3.</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: blue; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman">做外展动作时动作切忌过大,前臂与双肘为<SPAN lang=EN-US>90</SPAN>度角,向前伸展时双臂呈直线运动。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></B></PRE><PRE style="TEXT-INDENT: 29.8pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 1.98"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: blue; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman">4.</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: blue; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman">双肘置于肩胛骨前方。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></B></PRE><PRE style="TEXT-INDENT: 29.8pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 1.98"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: blue; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman">5.</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: blue; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman">在适当情况下,可扩大练习动作的幅度。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></B></PRE><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: blue; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: blue; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">以上几种预防方法,运动员可根据自己肩部的情况灵活使用。这几种方法,在运动训统中不仅可以对运动员的肩部起到预防伤病的作用,而且可以在很多领域直接或间接地帮助运动员提高基本技术的动作,并有利于身体的恢复。比如:<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></B></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: blue; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>1. </SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: blue; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">可帮助运动员在入水后及时调整肩部的正常功能,在最稳定的身体状态下发挥技术水平,并且能够充分地使躯干和双臂的过渡能力发挥出来,继而提高动作的质量,减少肩部在水中的不稳定性。在经过大力量和长距离、长时间的训练后,运动员的技术水平必然会有很大的提高。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></B></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: blue; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>2</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: blue; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">.“双臂平稳地置在头前”,合理地解释了恢复阶段肩部压力能够减轻的基本原理。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></B></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: blue; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>3. </SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: blue; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">游泳训练中还有一些可以预防损伤的方法,如①训练比赛中的间歇安排;②伸展动作(特别要注意的是:在做被伸展动作时,双肘保持在身后,与身体保持平衡);③训练中加一些力量练习,如卧推、仰卧臂拉起、俯卧撑、双臂支撑推起等动作。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></B></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: blue; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>4</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: blue; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">.训练中注意适当调整训练的节奏、速度和幅度,注意防治键鞘炎、滑囊炎和肩部的不稳定症状。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></B></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: blue; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>5</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: blue; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">.在治疗肩部伤病的过程中,运动员可在做恢复训练的同时,逐渐加大训练量以适应日后正常的训练课。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></B></P>

海鹰 发表于 2008-5-29 21:45

<FONT color=#3d11ee size=6>&nbsp;只要科学冬泳就有治疗的功效!</FONT>

畅游 发表于 2008-5-29 06:57

掌握正确的技术动作,科学训练,预防肩部伤病。
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